WO2002025333A1 - Dispositif de reseau de diffraction de guide d'onde optique, procede de fabrication de ce dispositif, module de multiplexage/demultiplexage et systeme de transmission optique - Google Patents
Dispositif de reseau de diffraction de guide d'onde optique, procede de fabrication de ce dispositif, module de multiplexage/demultiplexage et systeme de transmission optique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002025333A1 WO2002025333A1 PCT/JP2001/008193 JP0108193W WO0225333A1 WO 2002025333 A1 WO2002025333 A1 WO 2002025333A1 JP 0108193 W JP0108193 W JP 0108193W WO 0225333 A1 WO0225333 A1 WO 0225333A1
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- diffraction grating
- optical waveguide
- waveguide type
- light
- type diffraction
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
- G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
- G02B6/29319—With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations
- G02B6/2932—With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations comprising a directional router, e.g. directional coupler, circulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B6/02133—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference
- G02B6/02138—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference based on illuminating a phase mask
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
- G02B6/29332—Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency
- G02B6/29334—Grating-assisted evanescent light guide couplers, i.e. comprising grating at or functionally associated with the coupling region between the light guides, e.g. with a grating positioned where light fields overlap in the coupler
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
- G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
- G02B6/29353—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide with a wavelength selective element in at least one light guide interferometer arm, e.g. grating, interference filter, resonator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
- G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
Definitions
- Optical waveguide type diffraction grating device optical waveguide type diffraction grating device manufacturing method, multiplexing / demultiplexing module, and optical transmission system
- the present invention relates to an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element in which a diffraction grating formed by refractive index modulation is formed over a predetermined range in an optical waveguide direction in an optical waveguide, a manufacturing method thereof, and an optical waveguide including the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element.
- the present invention relates to a multiplexing / demultiplexing module for multiplexing or demultiplexing optical signals, and an optical transmission system including the multiplexing / demultiplexing module and performing optical transmission using multi-wavelength signal light.
- An optical waveguide type diffraction grating device is a device in which a diffraction grating is formed by refractive index modulation over a predetermined range in the optical waveguide direction in an optical waveguide (for example, an optical fiber). Out of the predetermined reflection band can be selectively reflected by the diffraction grating.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module including the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element can multiplex or demultiplex light by selectively reflecting light in a reflection band by the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element. It is used in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission system that performs optical transmission using wavelength-multiplexed multi-wavelength signal light.
- WDM wavelength division multiplexing
- a diffraction grating is formed by a refractive index modulation having a constant period ⁇ over a predetermined range in the optical waveguide direction in the optical waveguide.
- ⁇ is the average effective refractive index in the refractive index modulation region of the optical waveguide.
- such an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element that selectively reflects light of a plurality of wavelengths has a plurality of diffraction gratings formed in different ranges in the optical waveguide direction of the optical waveguide. Longer and more expensive.
- an optical waveguide type diffraction grating device in which a diffraction grating formed by refractive index modulation is formed over a predetermined range in the optical waveguide direction in the optical waveguide, and a plurality of light beams guided through the optical waveguide are provided. It is known that light having a wavelength is selectively reflected by a diffraction grating. See, for example, Reference 1 “M. Ibsen, et al., 55 Sine-Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings for Identical Multiple Wavelength Operation”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 10, No. 6, pp.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element described in “)” has a profile of the refractive index modulation in the above-mentioned predetermined range of a sine function type.
- a multiplexing / demultiplexing module including such an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element is called W
- W When used in a DM transmission system, light of the wavelength to be transmitted and actually transmitted through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element, and light of the wavelength to be reflected but transmitted through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element can be used. If the difference between the wavelengths of the two is small, crosstalk occurs, and the reception error rate increases. Also, since a part of the light of the wavelength to be reflected passes through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element, power loss occurs in the light of the wavelength to be reflected which is actually reflected by the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element. .
- the light of the wavelength to be transmitted and actually transmitted by the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element has a power loss. Occurs.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is an optical waveguide type diffraction grating device which is short as a whole, inexpensive, and has excellent reflection and transmission characteristics, and an optical waveguide type diffraction grating.
- An object is to provide a method for manufacturing a device. It is another object of the present invention to provide a multiplexing / demultiplexing module including such an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element and an optical transmission system including the multiplexing / demultiplexing module.
- a diffraction grating is formed by refractive index modulation over a predetermined range in the optical waveguide in the optical waveguide direction.
- This is an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element that selectively reflects light with a diffraction grating.
- the reflection band is divided into K (K ⁇ 2) wavelength bands, and the refractive index modulation A n aU in the above-mentioned predetermined range is a refractive index modulation A nk (with a period Ak corresponding to each of the K wavelength bands).
- k l to K).
- the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band can be reduced while the minimum value of the transmittance inside the reflection band is set small. Further, by forming the diffraction grating by refractive index modulation only in one range in the optical waveguide direction in the optical waveguide, the overall length can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
- the standard deviation is 30 nm or more
- the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band in the case of four-wave reflection is suppressed to not more than 20 dB when the standard deviation is 30 nm or more.
- the standard deviation is 50 nm or more
- the maximum value of the amplitude of the refractive index modulation An all of the diffraction grating in the predetermined range is 2Z3 or less, as compared with the case where all of the 0n of the grids coincide with each other. Is preferable. This is suitable for suppressing the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band to -20 dB or less while setting the minimum value of the transmittance within the reflection band to -20 dB or less.
- the minimum value of the transmittance in each of the K wavelength bands is not more than 120 dB (preferably not more than _3 OdB), and the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is one. It is preferably 20 dB or less (preferably ⁇ 3 OdB or less).
- This optical waveguide type diffraction grating element has a smaller minimum value of the transmittance in the reflection band and a smaller maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band as compared with the conventional optical waveguide type diffraction grating element, and ⁇ Excellent transmission characteristics.
- the method for manufacturing an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present invention described above.
- a multiplexing / demultiplexing module includes the above-described optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present invention.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element selectively reflects light in a reflection band to combine light. Wave or split.
- an optical transmission system according to the present invention is an optical transmission system that performs optical transmission using wavelength-multiplexed multi-wavelength signal light, and includes the multiplexing / demultiplexing module according to the present invention.
- the multi-wavelength signal light is multiplexed or demultiplexed by the wave module. According to this, even when the difference between the reflected wavelength and the transmitted wavelength is small, crosstalk is unlikely to occur, the incidence of reception errors is low, and the power loss of the reflected wavelength light is small.
- the minimum value of the transmittance in each of the K wavelength bands is ⁇ 20 dB or less, and the reflectance outside the reflection band is Is preferably not more than 120 dB. If both multiplexing and demultiplexing are performed, the minimum value of the transmittance in each of the K wavelength bands is less than 13 O dB, and the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is 1 3 It is preferable that it is O d B or less.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the standard deviation of the amount of displacement and the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band in the case of four-wave reflection.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the standard deviation of the amount of displacement and the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band in the case of eight-wave reflection.
- 4A and 4B show the reflection of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present embodiment, respectively.
- 4 is a graph showing a transmittance characteristic and a transmittance characteristic.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of Example 2.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of the comparative example.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum value of the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band and the maximum value of the maximum value of the pole / j of the transmittance inside the reflection band.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum value of the amplitude of the refractive index modulation A n aU of the diffraction grating and the maximum value among the maximum values of the reflectance outside the reflection band.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of the optical transmission system according to the present embodiment. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100 according to the present embodiment. This figure shows a sectional view of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100 when cut along a plane including the optical axis.
- This optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 is one in which a diffraction grating 113 is formed on an optical fiber 110 which is an optical waveguide.
- the optical fin 110 is mainly composed of quartz glass, and has a core region 111 including the center of the optical axis and Ge ⁇ 2 added thereto, and surrounds the core region 111. And a cloud area 1 1 2 is provided.
- This optical fiber 110 has a predetermined range in the optical waveguide direction.
- a diffraction grating 113 with a refractive index modulation ⁇ n a ii is formed over the surrounding area.
- the refractive index modulation An aU (z) of the diffraction grating 113 becomes
- K is an integer of 2 or more
- n (z) is the amplitude of each refractive index modulation An k and is expressed by a super Gaussian function of the variable z.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 by adjusting not only the amplitude but also the phase of each refractive index modulation, the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band and the transmission inside the reflection band are adjusted. Both the minimum value of the rate and the minimum value can be reduced.
- 11 is a graph in which the peak value of the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element is calculated 1000 times, and the result is plotted.
- the horizontal axis represents the standard deviation of the displacement Zm
- the vertical axis represents the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band.
- the standard deviation of the displacement ⁇ Zk should be 30 nm or more. It can be seen that the standard deviation of the positional deviation ⁇ Zk needs to be 3 Onm or more in order to suppress it to 30 dB or less.
- the standard deviation of the displacement ⁇ Zk in order to suppress the peak value of the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band to less than 120 dB, the standard deviation of the displacement ⁇ Zk must be reduced. It is necessary to set it to 50 nm or more, and it is understood that the standard deviation of the displacement ⁇ ⁇ zk needs to be set to 100 nm or more in order to suppress it to 30 dB or less.
- the standard deviation is 30 nm or more, the maximum reflectance outside the reflection band in the case of four-wave reflection It is suitable for suppressing the value to _20 dB or less. If the standard deviation is 5 Onm or more, it is suitable to suppress the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band to ⁇ 3 dB or less in the case of four-wave reflection, and to the reflection band in the case of eight-wave reflection.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs showing an example of the reflectance characteristics and the transmittance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100 according to the present embodiment, respectively.
- K 4.
- the reflection band is divided into four wavelength bands including the reflection wavelengths 1 to U.
- the minimum value of the transmittance in each of the four wavelength bands is -20 dB or less (more preferably _3 OdB or less).
- the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is less than or equal to 12 OdB (more preferably, less than or equal to ⁇ 3 OdB).
- the diffraction grating device 100 by the phase 0 k of the refractive index modulation An k has the above relationship, as compared with the conventional minimum value of transmittance in the reflection band Small, the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is small, and the reflection and transmission characteristics are excellent. Also, this optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 is Since the diffraction grating 113 with the refractive index modulation ⁇ naii is formed only in one range in the optical waveguide direction, the overall length is short and the cost is low.
- This apparatus 300 is composed of a laser light source 301, a slit 303, a mirror 305, a driving motor stage 307a having a motor 307a, a phase grating 309, and a phase grating 309. And a control unit 3 1 1.
- the laser light source 301 outputs light that induces refractive index modulation in the core region 111 of the fiber 110.
- an excimer laser light source for example, a KrF excimer laser light source
- the laser light source 301 has variable output light intensity.
- the slit 303 transmits the light output from the laser light source 301 to the aperture 303A, passes through the aperture 303A, and enters the mirror 305.
- the mirror 305 reflects the light that has passed through the opening 3 ⁇ 3 A of the slit 303 and makes it incident on the phase grating 309.
- the mirror 305 can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 110 by a stage 307 having a driving motor 307a. By moving the mirror 305 in this manner, the light output from the laser light source 301 can be made to scan and enter the phase grating 309 in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 110. .
- the phase grating 309 has irregularities with a fixed period formed on the side opposite to the side on which the light reflected by the mirror 305 is incident (that is, the side on which the optical fiber is placed). Diffracts. Then, the phase grating 309 forms an interference fringe between the + 1st-order diffracted light and the 1st-order diffracted light, and forms a refractive index modulation corresponding to this interference fringe in the optical waveguide region of the optical fiber 110. .
- the optical fiber 110 in which the refractive index modulation is formed in the optical waveguide region is the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100.
- the control unit 311 comprises a CPU and a memory in which a control program is stored. Have been.
- the control unit 311 is electrically connected to the laser light source 301, and controls the intensity of light emitted from the laser light source 301. Further, the control unit 311 is electrically connected to the drive mode 3107a of the stage 307, and controls the position of the mirror 30.5.
- an optical fiber 110 on which a diffraction grating 113 is formed is disposed immediately below a phase grating 309.
- the optical fin 110 has a central core region 111 and a cladding region 112 surrounding the core region 111.
- the light guided through the optical fin 110 is confined in the core region 111 and guided, but a part of the energy of the light is transmitted to the core region 111 near the core region 111. Also exists. That is, the optical waveguide regions of the optical fiber 110 are the core region 111 and the cladding region 112 near the core region 111.
- the optical fiber 1 1 0 quartz glass with the structure as the main component, G E_ ⁇ 2 is added to the optical waveguide region (at least the core region).
- an ultraviolet laser having a wavelength of 248 nm output from, for example, a KrF excimer laser light source 301 is applied to the optical fin 110 through a phase mask 309 having irregularities of a predetermined period. Irradiate light.
- the refractive index of the region G e 0 2 is added pressure in accordance with the irradiation intensity is modulated, the refractive index modulation ⁇ eta 1 constant period ⁇ is formed.
- k 1 to K) be designed by a nonlinear programming method, which is based on, for example, a simulated annealing method or a genetic algorithm. Above excellent reflection and transmission characteristics An optical waveguide type diffraction grating element can be easily manufactured.
- the reflection wavelength was 0. 8 nm increments of the ⁇ e 8 1547.211111 to 1552. 8 nm.
- the length of the predetermined range in which the diffraction grating is formed was set to 20 mm.
- Example 2 the phase ( ⁇ to ⁇ ) in Example 2 and Comparative Example and each of them was set to the value described in the following table.
- the values of ⁇ ⁇ (? In the first embodiment, the standard deviation of the displacement ⁇ Zk (k 1 to K) represented by the above equation (3) is 104, It was 141 nm in Example 2.
- phases 0 ⁇ to 8 were all 0.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of Example 2.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the reflectance characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of the comparative example.
- the maximum value among the maximum values of the reflectance outside the reflection band is about 12 dB
- the reflection If the maximum value among the maximum values of the reflectance outside the band is 40 dB or less.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum value of the maximum values of the reflectance outside the reflection band and the maximum value of the minimum values of the transmittance inside the reflection band.
- a mark indicates the case of each of Example 1 and Example 2
- a mark indicates the case of the above comparative example
- a mark indicates the case of another comparative example (prior art).
- the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is smaller in Examples 1 and 2 in each case (mark) than in the comparative examples ( ⁇ , ⁇ ). ..
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum value of the amplitude of the refractive index modulation A n aU of the diffraction grating and the maximum value among the maximum values of the reflectance outside the reflection band.
- the mark indicates the case of the embodiment in which each phase k is designed by the nonlinear programming method
- the mark indicates the case of the comparative example in which each phase is set at random (100 cases).
- the triangles show the case of the comparative example in which each phase 0k is all 0.
- the maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band is compared with the case where each phase k is all 0.
- each phase 0k is randomly set (indicated by ⁇ )
- the embodiment in which each phase is set to 0k (indicated by ⁇ ) is smaller than that in the example (indicated by ⁇ ).
- the maximum value of the amplitude of the refractive index modulation A ruii of the diffraction grating is set to 0k for each phase by nonlinear programming compared to the case of the comparative example where all ⁇ are set to 0 (marked with ⁇ ). In the case of the working example (seal), it is less than 2 da3.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module of each embodiment described below includes the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 1 • 0 according to the above-described embodiment.
- m is an integer from 1 to M, and each wavelength is ⁇ ! ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ E 2 M-1 ⁇ E 2 M... (4)
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 according to the first embodiment.
- This multiplexing / demultiplexing module 100 has an optical waveguide 210 connected to one end of an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 and an optical waveguide connected to the other end of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 1 • 0. It is configured by connecting the curator 220.
- the optical circuit 210 has a first terminal 211, a second terminal 212, and a third terminal 213, and transmits light input to the first terminal 211 to the first terminal 211.
- the light is output from the two terminals 2 12 to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100, and the light input to the second terminal 2 12 is output from the third terminal 2 13.
- the optical circuit 220 has a first terminal 222, a second terminal 222, and a third terminal 222, and the light input to the first terminal 222 is transmitted to the second terminal 222.
- the light is output from the terminal 222 to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 °, and the light input to the second terminal 222 is output from the third terminal 222.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 when light of wavelength; m + l is input to the first terminal 2 11 of the optical circuit 210, these lights are converted to the optical circuit 210 of the optical circuit.
- the second terminal 2 1 2 outputs to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100, passes through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100, and the second terminal 2 of the optical waveguide 2 2 0 Input to 2 2 and output from the 3rd terminal 2 2 3 of the optical circuit.
- the light having a wavelength of: m is input to the first terminal 222 of the optical sensor 220, the light is converted to the second terminal 222 of the optical sensor 220.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 operates as a multiplexer, and emits light of the wavelength input to the first terminal 211 of the optical circuit 210 and an optical circuit.
- this multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 when light having a wavelength of M is input to the first terminal 211 of the optical circuit 210, these lights are converted to the optical circuit 210. The light is output from the second terminal 2 12 to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100. Then, of these lights, the light of wavelength; m is reflected by the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100, input to the second terminal 2 12 of the optical circuit 210, and The signal is output from the third terminal 2 13 of the circuit.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 operates as a demultiplexer, and separates the wavelengths 1 to 2M input to the first terminal 211 of the optical sensor 210.
- the light of wavelength ⁇ 2 ⁇ is output from the third terminal 2 13 of the optical filter 210, and the light of wavelength; L 2m + i is output at the third wavelength of the optical filter 220. Output from terminal 2 2 3.
- the optical circuit 220 is unnecessary.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 operates not only as a multiplexer but also as a demultiplexer, thereby operating as an optical ADM (Add-Drop Multiplexer). In other words, this multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 is the first
- Terminal 2 1 Wavelength input from 1M to 1M
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 according to the second embodiment.
- This multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 is composed of an optical fiber 11 OA and an optical fiber Optical coupling through the respective optical fibers 114 A and 114 B, and a diffraction grating 113 A is formed in a predetermined range of the optical fins 11 OA between the optical power plug 114 A and the optical power bra 114 B.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 10OA is provided, and a diffraction grating 113B is formed in a predetermined range of an optical fin 110B between the optical power bra 114A and the optical power bra 114B. It is an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100B.
- These optical waveguide type diffraction grating elements 100 A and 100 B are each equivalent to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 described above.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 when light having a wavelength of m + l is input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 110A, the light is branched by the optical power amplifier 114A, and The light passes through the waveguide type diffraction grating elements 100A and 110B, is multiplexed by the optical power bra 114B, and is output from the second end 116A of the optical fiber 11OA.
- the optical fiber 110B when light having a wavelength of 2 m is input to the second end 116B of the optical fiber 110B, these lights are branched by the optical power bra 114B, and the optical waveguide type diffraction grating elements 10OA, 11OB The light is reflected by the optical fiber 110B, multiplexed by the optical power plug 114B, and output from the second end 1116A of the optical fiber 1108.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 operates as a multiplexer, and the light of the wavelength 2m + i input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 1108 and the optical fiber 110B
- the 2m light input to the second end 116B of the optical fiber is multiplexed with the light having a wavelength of 2m , and the multiplexed wavelength is output from the second end 1 16A of the optical fiber 11OA.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 when light having a wavelength of 1 to M is input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 11OA, the light is branched by the optical power bra 114A and the light is guided. Waveguide type diffraction grating element Output to 10 ⁇ A, 11 OB. Of the these light wavelengths; light l 2m is reflected by the diffraction grating device 10 OA, 11 OB, are combined by the optical power bra 1 14A, the first optical Faino 1 10B Output from terminal 115B.
- the light having a wavelength of 2m + i passes through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating elements 100A and 110B, is multiplexed by the optical power bra 114B, and the optical fine It is output from the second end of A 1 16 A. That is, in this case, the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 operates as a demultiplexer, demultiplexes the wavelengths 1 to M input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 110A, the light Hachoe 2m outputs from the first end 1 15B of the optical fiber 110B, wavelength; l 2m + i outputs Ri by the second end 1 16 a of the optical fiber 110 eight light of.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 operates as a multiplexer and also operates as a demultiplexer, thereby operating as an optical ADM. That is, the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 transmits the light having a wavelength of 2 m out of the wavelengths 1 to 2M input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 110A to the first end 115B of the optical fiber 110B. with more outputs (Drop), wavelength responsible for other information; first optical fiber 1 10B the light of m
- Input (Add) from 2 B 1 16B. Then, the wavelength 1 input to the first end 115A of the optical fiber 110 '; the wavelength of 2m + i of M is input to the second end 116B of the optical fiber 110B. The light having a wavelength of 2 m is multiplexed, and the multiplexed light having a wavelength of ⁇ M is output from the second end 116A of the optical fiber 1108.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 according to the third embodiment.
- the demultiplexing module 30 is an optical fiber 1 10 C and the light Faino 1 10D is being optically coupled via an optical power up La 1 14 C, optical Huai Roh 1 U 10 at the illumination power plug 1 14 C
- a diffraction grating 113C is formed in a predetermined range of a fusion portion between C and the optical fin 110D to form an optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100C.
- This optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100C is equivalent to the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device 100 described above.
- the diffraction grating 113C is formed in both the core region of the optical fiber 110C and the core region of the optical fiber 110D.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 when light having a wavelength of 2m + l is input to the first end 115C of the optical fiber 110C, these lights pass through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 1 ⁇ 0C. The signal is output from the second end 116 C of the optical fiber 110 C. Also, when light of a wavelength of 2 m is input to the second end 116D of the optical fiber 110D, these lights are The light is reflected by the waveguide grating device 100 C and output from the second end 1 16 C of the optical fin 110 C.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 operates as a multiplexer, and the light of the wavelength 2m + i input to the first end 115C of the optical fiber 110C and the optical fiber
- the second end of 110D is multiplexed with the light of wavelength / l 2m input to 1 16D and the multiplexed light of wavelengths 1 to M is connected to the second end of optical fiber 110C. Output from 1 16 C.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 when light having wavelengths of 1 to 150 is input to the first end 115 C of the optical fiber 110 C, these lights are converted into the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 1. Reach C. Then, of these lights, light having a wavelength of 2 m is reflected by the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100C and output from the first end 115D of the optical fiber 110D. On the other hand, light having a wavelength of m + 1 is transmitted through the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 C and output from the second end 1 16 C of the optical fiber 110 C.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 operates as a demultiplexer, and separates the wavelengths 1 to M input to the first end 115 C of the optical fin, 110 C;
- the light of wavelength; m is output from the first end 1 15 D of the optical fiber 110 D, and the light of wavelength 2 m + 1 is output to the second end 1 16 C of the optical fiber 110 C. Output more.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 operates not only as a multiplexer but also as a demultiplexer, thereby operating as an optical ADM. That is, the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 30 transmits the light having a wavelength input to the first end 115 C of the optical fiber 110 C to the first end of the optical fiber 110 D. While outputting (dropping) from 115D and inputting (adding) light having a wavelength of m , which is responsible for another signal, from the second end 1 16D of the optical fiber 110D.
- the wavelength input to the first end 1 15 C of the optical fiber 110 C; the wavelength of 2 M + i of M and the second end 1 16 D of the optical fiber 110 D The input light having a wavelength of 2 m is multiplexed, and the multiplexed light having a wavelength of ⁇ M is output from the second end 1 16 C of the optical fiber 110 C.
- any of the above-described multiplexing / demultiplexing modules 10, 20, and 30 is the same as the above-described embodiment. Since it includes the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100 according to the above, it is small and inexpensive. In addition, in the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 100, since the transmittance inside the reflection band is small and the reflectance outside the reflection band is small, the multiplexing / demultiplexing modules 100, 20 and 30 are not used. In any case, even when the difference between the reflection wavelength; m and the transmission wavelength of 2 m + i is small, crosstalk is unlikely to occur, the reception error rate is low, and the light power of the reflection wavelength of 2 m is small. Loss is small.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of the optical transmission system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- an optical fiber transmission line 5 connects the transmission station 2 and the relay station 3
- an optical fiber transmission line 6 also connects the relay station 3 and the reception station 4.
- the relay station 3 is provided with a multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10.
- the transmitting station 2 wavelength-multiplexes the signal light having the wavelengths i to 2M and transmits the signal light to the optical fiber transmission line 5.
- the relay station 3 transmits the wavelength transmitted through the optical fiber transmission line 5! ⁇ ; M signal light is input, these are demultiplexed by the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10, the signal light of wavelength 2m + 1 is sent out to the optical fiber transmission line 6, and the signal light of wavelength; l 2m Transmit to other optical fiber transmission lines.
- the relay station 3 uses the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 to transmit the signal light of the wavelength; m input through another optical fiber transmission line to the optical fiber transmission line 6.
- the receiving station 4 inputs the signal light of the wavelength that has propagated through the optical fiber transmission line 6 to about 2M , demultiplexes these into each wavelength, and receives them.
- the optical transmission system 1 includes the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element 1 according to the present embodiment.
- a multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10 including 00 is used to multiplex or demultiplex signal lights having wavelengths of 1 to 2M. Therefore, even when the difference between the reflection wavelength n and the transmission wavelength m + 1 is small, crosstalk is unlikely to occur, the rate of occurrence of reception errors is low, and the power loss of the reflection wavelength; Is small. Note that a multiplexing / demultiplexing module 20 or 30 may be provided instead of the multiplexing / demultiplexing module 10.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device of the above embodiment has a diffraction grating formed by refractive index modulation on an optical fiber which is an optical waveguide.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a structure in which a diffraction grating formed by refractive index modulation is formed on an optical waveguide formed on a flat substrate may be used.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device has a smaller minimum value of the transmittance in the reflection band, a smaller maximum value of the reflectance outside the reflection band, and a lower reflection / transmission characteristic than the conventional device. Excellent.
- the optical waveguide type diffraction grating element has a diffraction grating formed by refractive index modulation only in one range in the optical waveguide direction in the optical waveguide, the overall length is short and the cost is low.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01967755A EP1335219A4 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | WAVE-GUIDE OPTICAL GRADING DEVICE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, MULTIPLEX / DEMULTIPLEX MODULE AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM |
CA002423065A CA2423065A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | Optical waveguide diffraction grating device, method for fabricating optical waveguide diffraction grating device, multiplexing/demultiplexing module, and optical transmission system |
AU2001288082A AU2001288082A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | Optical waveguide diffraction grating device, method for fabricating optical waveguide diffraction grating device, multiplexing/demultiplexing module, and optical transmission system |
US10/381,017 US20040028330A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | Optical waveguide diffraction grating device, method for fabricating optical waveguide diffraction grating device, multiplexing/demultiplexing module, and optical transmission system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000-285552 | 2000-09-20 | ||
JP2000285552A JP2002090556A (ja) | 2000-09-20 | 2000-09-20 | 光導波路型回折格子素子、光導波路型回折格子素子製造方法、合分波モジュールおよび光伝送システム |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002025333A1 true WO2002025333A1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
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ID=18769602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2001/008193 WO2002025333A1 (fr) | 2000-09-20 | 2001-09-20 | Dispositif de reseau de diffraction de guide d'onde optique, procede de fabrication de ce dispositif, module de multiplexage/demultiplexage et systeme de transmission optique |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040028330A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1335219A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2002090556A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030034059A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1441917A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001288082A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2423065A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW521161B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002025333A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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JP2004093677A (ja) | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-25 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光導波路型回折格子素子、光導波路型回折格子素子製造方法、合分波モジュールおよび光伝送システム |
JP4218606B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2009-02-04 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 光導波路装置 |
US8160411B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-04-17 | Nokia Corporation | Device for expanding an exit pupil in two dimensions |
CN104777535B (zh) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-05-24 | 东南大学 | 一种复用体全息光栅 |
Citations (2)
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US5388173A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-02-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming aperiodic gratings in optical fibers |
US5717798A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-02-10 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical waveguide system comprising a mode coupling grating and a mode discrimination coupler |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5367588A (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 1994-11-22 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Communications | Method of fabricating Bragg gratings using a silica glass phase grating mask and mask used by same |
US5953467A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-09-14 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Switchable optical filter |
GB9722421D0 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1997-12-24 | Univ Southampton | Optical grating |
GB9809583D0 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1998-07-01 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Optical devices |
US6832023B1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-12-14 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Optical fiber gratings with azimuthal refractive index perturbation, method of fabrication, and devices for tuning, attenuating, switching, and modulating optical signals |
SE516534C2 (sv) * | 2000-06-05 | 2002-01-29 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Bragg-gitterassisterad MMIMI-kopplare för reglerbar add/drop- multiplexering |
-
2000
- 2000-09-20 JP JP2000285552A patent/JP2002090556A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-09-20 AU AU2001288082A patent/AU2001288082A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-20 KR KR1020027013771A patent/KR20030034059A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-20 US US10/381,017 patent/US20040028330A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-20 CA CA002423065A patent/CA2423065A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-20 EP EP01967755A patent/EP1335219A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-20 TW TW090123180A patent/TW521161B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-20 WO PCT/JP2001/008193 patent/WO2002025333A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-20 CN CN01809774A patent/CN1441917A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
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US5388173A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-02-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming aperiodic gratings in optical fibers |
US5717798A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-02-10 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical waveguide system comprising a mode coupling grating and a mode discrimination coupler |
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BAO JILONG ET AL.: "Spectra of dual overwritten fiber bragg grating", OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 188, 1 February 2001 (2001-02-01), pages 31 - 39, XP002906708 * |
IBSEN MORTEN ET AL.: "Sinc-sampled fiber bragg gratings for identical multiple wavelength operation", IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 10, no. 6, June 1998 (1998-06-01), USA, pages 842 - 844, XP000783519 * |
MANABU SHIOSAKI ET AL.: "Ta-channel-you fiber grading no kentou", DENSHI JOHO TSUUSHIN GAKKAI SOUGOU TAIKAI KOUEN RONSBUNSHUU, ELECTRONICS(1)C-3-16, 7 March 2001 (2001-03-07), JAPAN, pages 181, XP002906707 * |
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TOSHIKAZU SHIBATA ET AL.: "Kussetsuritsu ni sinc kansuu wo dounyuu shita fibre grating no kaiseki", DENSHI JOHO TSUUSHIN GAKKAI ELECTRONICS SOCIETY TAIKAI KOUEN RONBUNSHUU 1, 7 September 2000 (2000-09-07), JAPAN, pages 149, C-3-24, XP002906706 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002090556A (ja) | 2002-03-27 |
CN1441917A (zh) | 2003-09-10 |
TW521161B (en) | 2003-02-21 |
EP1335219A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
CA2423065A1 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
EP1335219A4 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
US20040028330A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
AU2001288082A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
KR20030034059A (ko) | 2003-05-01 |
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