WO2000067059A1 - Projection lenses having reduced lateral color for use with pixelized panels - Google Patents
Projection lenses having reduced lateral color for use with pixelized panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000067059A1 WO2000067059A1 PCT/US2000/011173 US0011173W WO0067059A1 WO 2000067059 A1 WO2000067059 A1 WO 2000067059A1 US 0011173 W US0011173 W US 0011173W WO 0067059 A1 WO0067059 A1 WO 0067059A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- projection lens
- image
- aperture stop
- lens unit
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/18—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/22—Telecentric objectives or lens systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/16—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers, or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV
Definitions
- This invention relates to projection lenses and, in particular, to projection lenses which can be used, inter alia, to form an image of an object composed of pixels, e.g., an LCD, a reflective LCD, a DMD, or the like.
- Telecentric lenses are lenses which have at least one pupil at infinity.
- having a pupil at infinity means that the principal rays are parallel to the optical axis (a) in object space, if the entrance pupil is at infinity, or (b) in image space, if the exit pupil is at infinity. Since light can propagate through a lens in either direction, the pupil at infinity can serve as either an entrance or an exit pupil depending upon the lens' orientation with respect to the object and the image. Accordingly, the term "telecentric pupil” will be used herein to describe the lens' pupil at infinity, whether that pupil is functioning as an entrance or an exit pupil.
- the telecentric pupil need not actually be at infinity since a lens having an entrance or exit pupil at a sufficiently large distance from the lens' optical surfaces will in essence operate as a telecentric system.
- the principal rays for such a lens will be substantially parallel to the optical axis and thus the lens will in general be functionally equivalent to a lens for which the theoretical (Gaussian) location of the 2-
- the terms “telecentric” and “telecentric lens” are intended to include lenses which have at least one pupil at a long distance from the lens' elements, and the term “telecentric pupil” is used to describe such a pupil at a long distance from the lens' elements.
- the telecentric pupil distance will in general be at least about 10 times the lens' focal length.
- Q-values can be calculated for optical materials and serve as a convenient measure of the partial dispersion properties of the material.
- Hoogland's Q-values are based on a material's indices of refraction at the e-line (546 nanometers), the F' line (480 nanometers), and the C line (643.8 nanometers).
- the wavelengths used herein, both in the specification and in the claims, are the d line (587.56 nanometers), the F line (486.13 nanometers), and the C line (656.27 nanometers).
- V-values are for the d, F, and C lines.
- projection lenses having a positive second lens unit (U 2 ) which has a composite V-value (V ⁇ j2/c) defined by the following formula:
- Vu2/C f 2 ⁇ (Vu2/ ⁇ /fu2/ ⁇ ) ⁇
- fu2 is the focal length of the second lens unit
- fu2/ ⁇ and Vu2/ ⁇ are the focal length and V-value of the i th lens element of the second lens unit, and the summation is over all lens elements of the second lens unit.
- the projection lens of the invention is a zoom lens.
- the properties of the lens e.g., its focal length, back focal length, field of view, aperture stop or pseudo-aperture stop location, telecentricity, etc., are evaluated at the zoom lens' short focal length position.
- Projection lens systems are used to form an image of an object on a viewing screen. Such systems can be of the front projection or rear projection type, depending on whether the viewer and the object are on the same side of the screen (front projection) or on opposite sides of the screen (rear projection).
- projection lenses used with such systems generally need to have a relatively long back focal length to accommodate the prisms, beam splitters, color wheels, etc. normally used with pixelized panels.
- a particularly important application of projection lens systems employing pixelized panels is in the area of microdisplays, e.g., front projection systems which are used to display data and rear projection systems which are used as computer monitors. Recent breakthroughs in manufacturing technology has led to a rise in popularity of microdisplays employing digital light valve devices such as DMDs, reflective LCDs, and the like.
- Projection displays based on these devices offer advantages of small size and light weight.
- a whole new class of ultra portable lightweight projectors operating in front-projection mode and employing digital light valves has appeared on the market.
- Lightweight compact rear- projection systems can also be achieved through the use of these devices.
- these devices To display images having a high information content, these devices must have a large number of pixels. Since the devices themselves are small, the individual pixels are small, a typical pixel size ranging from 17 ⁇ for DMD displays to approximately 8 ⁇ or even less for reflective LCDs. This means that the projection lenses used in these systems must have a very high level of correction of aberrations. Of particular importance is the correction of chromatic aberrations and distortion.
- a high level of chromatic aberration correction is important because color aberrations can be easily seen in the image of a pixelized panel as a smudging of a pixel or, in extreme cases, the complete dropping of a pixel from the image. These problems are typically most severe at the edges of the field.
- a small amount of (residual) lateral color can be compensated for electronically by, for example, reducing the size of the image produced on the face of the red CRT relative to that produced on the blue CRT.
- CRTs cathode ray tubes
- test patterns for distortion and color Users readily perceive and object to even minor levels of distortion or color aberration in the images of such interfaces.
- the invention provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object which consists in order from its image end to its object end of:
- Examples IA, IB, IC, 2A, and 3-7 illustrate this firs aspect of the invention.
- the invention provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object which consists in order from its image end to its object end of:
- A a first lens unit Ui having a negative power and comprising two lens elements Ep and EN, arranged in any order and having focal lengths fui/p and fu ⁇ N, V-values Vu ⁇ /p and VUI N, and Q-values QUI/P and QUI/N, respectively;
- B a second lens unit having a positive power;
- QUI N is greater than 135, and most preferably greater than 145.
- Examples ID, IG, and 3 illustrate this third aspect of the invention.
- A a first lens unit Ui having a negative power
- B a second lens unit U 2 having a positive power and comprising two lens elements E'p and E'N, arranged in any order and having focal lengths fu2/p and fu2/N, V-values VU2/P and VU2/N, and Q-values QU2/P and QU2 N, respectively;
- the invention provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object composed of pixels, said projection lens consisting in order from its image end to its object end of: (A) a first lens unit Uj. having a negative power;
- Vu2/c is the composite V-value of the second lens unit defined above
- F#U2 is the f-number of the second lens unit as traced from the object (pixelized panel) towards the image, and p' is the pixel width divided by fn, where fo is the focal length of the combination of the first and second lens units.
- Vu2/p is greater than 80.
- Examples IA, IC, IE, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate this fifth aspect of the invention.
- the various aspects of the invention can be used separately or preferably in combination.
- retrofocus projection lenses are provided having some and preferably all of the following properties:
- the lateral color blur of the projection lens at its full field for wavelengths in the range from 460 nanometers to 620 nanometers is less than a pixel and preferably less than three-quarters of a pixel (note that the level of lateral color correction can be determined at the object plane or the image plane, a magnified pixel being used when the determination is performed at the image plane);
- the distortion of the projection lens is less than 1.5 percent, preferably less than 1.0 percent, and most preferably less than 0.5 percent;
- the ratio of the lens's back focal length (BFL) to its focal length is greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 1.0, and most preferably greater than 1.5.
- the projection lenses of the invention can be designed using the location of the output of the illumination system as a pseudo-aperture stop/entrance pupil of the projection lens (see the above-referenced Betensky patent). In this way, efficient coupling is achieved between the light output of the illumination system and the projection lens.
- the projection lenses of the present invention are of the retrofocus or the inverted telephoto type and consist of two lens units, i.e., a negative unit (Ui) on the long conjugate side and a positive unit (U2) on the short conjugate side, which are typically separated by an aperture stop or a pseudo-aperture stop.
- this overall lens form to produce an image of a pixelized panel has various advantages.
- telecentricity is readily achieved by locating the lens' aperture stop or pseudo-aperture stop in the front focal plane of the second positive unit.
- Additional advantages are a long back focal length and the ability to handle a wide field of view. Both of these characteristics are particularly useful in rear projection systems, where the lens must have a wide field of view to achieve the smallest possible overall package size, and where there is a need to accommodate beam splitting prisms between the lens and the pixelized panel.
- These prisms may include polarizing beam splitters, as well as color splitting prisms.
- the lenses of the invention achieve a high level of distortion correction by using one or more aspherical surfaces in the first lens unit. Some residual distortion, as well as spherical aberration of the lens' entrance pupil, is corrected through the use of one or more aspherical surfaces in the second lens unit.
- the spherical aberration of the entrance pupil should be minimized to achieve telecentricity for any arbitrary point in the object plane of the lens.
- the aspherical surfaces are formed on plastic lens elements.
- the design strategy for correcting this aberration is as follows: (1) For the negative first lens unit:
- the low dispersion (high V-value) positive elements should be as strongly positive as possible and should have positive Q-values (preferably, large positive Q-values) and the high dispersion (low V-value) negative elements should be as strongly negative as possible with negative Q-values or positive Q-values which are as small as possible.
- a high dispersion material is a material having a dispersion like flint glass and a low dispersion material is a material having a dispersion like crown glass.
- the high and low dispersion materials can be styrene and acrylic, respectively.
- Other plastics can, of course, be used if desired.
- polycarbonates and copolymers of polystyrene and acrylic e.g., NAS
- acrylic e.g., NAS
- cyclic olefin copolymers e.g., Topas 5013 manufactured ⁇ lo-
- Lateral color correction is preferably achieved in the front (first) unit where the chief ray height is significantly larger than that of the axial marginal ray.
- the correction is achieved through the use of high dispersion glasses in positive power elements and low dispersion glasses in negative power elements, i.e., the reverse of the rear unit.
- the height of the chief ray in the rear unit is not insignificant.
- the choice of glasses in that unit can have a substantial effect on the correction the lateral color.
- lateral color can be significantly improved when the rear unit includes at least one positive lens element having a V-value greater than 75 and where the composite V-value of the rear unit Vu2/c satisfies the relationship: where p' and F#U2 are as defined above.
- FIGS. 1-9 illustrate projection lenses constructed in accordance with the invention. Corresponding prescriptions and optical properties appear in Tables 1-9, respectively. Note that Example IH is a comparative example and does not employ any of the aspects of the invention.
- HOYA, OHARA, or SCHOTT designations are used for the various glasses employed in the lens systems. Equivalent glasses made by other manufacturers can be used in the practice of the invention. Industry acceptable materials are used for the plastic elements.
- the designation 490573 used in Tables 4, 5, and 7 represents acrylic plastics having an index of refraction of 1.490 and a V-value at the d line of 57.3.
- the prescription tables are constructed on the assumption that light travels from left to right in the figures. In actual practice, the viewing screen will be on the left and the pixelized panel will be on the right, and light will travel from right to left. In particular, the references in the prescription tables to objects/images and entrance/exit pupils are reversed from that used in the rest of the specification and in the claims.
- the pixelized panel is shown in the figures by the designation "PP" and the aperture stop or pseudo-aperture stop is shown by the designation "AS”.
- the projection lenses of the invention can be focused in various ways, e.g., by moving the entire lens relative to the pixelized panel.
- the projection lens can also have zoom capabilities as illustrated in Examples 4-7.
- Conventional mechanisms known in the art are used to move the lens and/or its component parts during focusing and zooming. , paragraph
- the zoom projection lenses of Examples 4, 5, and 7 were designed using the pseudo-aperture stop/entrance pupil technique of Betensky, U.S. Patent No. 5,313,330.
- the illumination system is used to define the entrance pupil for the projection lens, with the entrance pupil being located at a constant position relative to the pixelized panel for all lens focal lengths and conjugates. The location of this pupil is determined by the substantially parallel light (substantially telecentric light) which passes through the pixelized panel from the illumination system.
- Table 10 summarizes various properties of Examples IA, 2A, 2B, 3,
- each of these lenses has a Vu2/c value which is greater than 0.1/(p'»F#u2).
- each of these examples also includes a positive lens element in its rear unit which has a V-value greater than 75.
- Table 11 summarizes various properties of the lenses of Examples 1-9. As can be seen from this table and from the corresponding prescription tables, the lens systems of the invention have the five desired properties discussed above for projection lenses which are to be used with pixelized panels. A comparison of Examples IA through IG, which employ various aspects of the invention, with Example IG, which does not employ any aspect of the invention, further shows that the lenses of the invention achieve improved lateral color correction.
- the lenses of the invention achieve all of the above desired properties in a manner which allows the lenses to be manufactured at a cost suitable for a consumer item, e.g., a computer monitor. This is especially so when the high Q lens elements are composed of a COC plastic.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000615843A JP2002543468A (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2000-04-26 | Projection lens with low lateral chromatic aberration used in combination with a pixelated panel |
EP00930154A EP1181610A4 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2000-04-26 | Projection lenses having reduced lateral color for use with pixelized panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/304,693 | 1999-05-04 | ||
US09/304,693 US6195209B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Projection lenses having reduced lateral color for use with pixelized panels |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000067059A1 true WO2000067059A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
WO2000067059A8 WO2000067059A8 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
Family
ID=23177580
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2000/011173 WO2000067059A1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2000-04-26 | Projection lenses having reduced lateral color for use with pixelized panels |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6195209B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1181610A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002543468A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100722594B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1131450C (en) |
TW (1) | TW444134B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000067059A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
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US7123426B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2006-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection lens and display device |
US7126767B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2006-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Wide-angle projection lens for front projection display systems |
US7864435B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2011-01-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection display device for multimedia and wall display systems |
US8072687B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2011-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection display device for multimedia and wall display systems |
US7145729B2 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2006-12-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Foldable projection lenses |
US7230770B2 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2007-06-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection lenses having color-correcting rear lens units |
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US7342723B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2008-03-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection lens and portable display device for gaming and other applications |
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US7695146B2 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2010-04-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Projection assembly |
US7173777B1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2007-02-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Projection lens and display device for multimedia and other systems |
WO2007114812A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Tte Technology, Inc. | Wide angle projection lens system and method |
JP2008033339A (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2008-02-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Image display device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW444134B (en) | 2001-07-01 |
KR20020013866A (en) | 2002-02-21 |
US6169636B1 (en) | 2001-01-02 |
EP1181610A2 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
JP2002543468A (en) | 2002-12-17 |
CN1352753A (en) | 2002-06-05 |
WO2000067059A8 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
CN1131450C (en) | 2003-12-17 |
EP1181610A4 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
KR100722594B1 (en) | 2007-05-28 |
US6195209B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
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