WO1999041429A1 - Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution - Google Patents
Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999041429A1 WO1999041429A1 PCT/IB1999/000222 IB9900222W WO9941429A1 WO 1999041429 A1 WO1999041429 A1 WO 1999041429A1 IB 9900222 W IB9900222 W IB 9900222W WO 9941429 A1 WO9941429 A1 WO 9941429A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- alumina
- electrolyte
- channel
- aluminium
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Definitions
- a major drawback of conventional cells is due to the fact that irregular electromagnetic forces create waves in the molten aluminium pool and the anode-cathode distance (ACD) , also called inter-electrode gap (IEG) , must be kept at a safe minimum value of approximately 50 mm to avoid short circuiting between the aluminium cathode and the anode or re-oxidation of the metal by contact with the CO 2 gas formed at the anode surface.
- ACD anode-cathode distance
- IEG inter-electrode gap
- 4,602,990 (Boxall/Gamson/Green/Stephen) disclose aluminium electrowinning cells with sloped drained cathodes arranged with the cathodes and facing anode surfaces sloping across the cell. In these cells, the molten aluminium flows down the sloping cathodes into a median longitudinal groove along the centre of the cell, or into lateral longitudinal grooves along the cell sides, for collecting the molten aluminium and delivering it to a sump.
- US Patent 5,368,702 (de Nora) proposed a novel multimonopolar cell having upwardly extending cathodes facing and surrounded by or in-between anodes having a relatively large inwardly-facing active anode surface area.
- electrolyte circulation was achieved using a tubular anode with suitable openings.
- the active surface of the cathode and of the anode should be at a slope to facilitate the escape of the bubbles of the released gas.
- to have a cathode at a slope and obtain an efficient operation of the cell would be possible only if the surface of the cathode were aluminium-wettable so that the production of aluminium ions would take place on a film of aluminium.
- European Patent Application No. 0 393 816 (Stedman) describes another design for a drained cathode cell intended to improve the bubble evacuation.
- the manufacture of the electrodes is difficult since their active surfaces slope along two orthogonal directions of the cell at the same time. Additionally, such a drained cathode configuration cannot ensure optimal distribution of the dissolved alumina.
- US Patent 5,683,559 (de Nora) proposed a new cathode design for a drained cathode, where grooves or recesses were incorporated in the surface of blocks forming the cathode surface in order to channel the drained product aluminium.
- a specific embodiment provides an enhanced anode and drained cathode geometry where aluminium is produced between V-shaped anodes and cathodes and collected in recessed grooves.
- the V-shaped geometry of the anodes enables on the one hand a good bubble evacuation from underneath the anodes as described in the prior art, and on the other hand it enables the drainage of produced aluminium from cathode surfaces into recessed grooves located at the bottom of the V-shapes.
- areas of the cathodes which are close to the feeding point of alumina into the electrolyte contain greater amounts of alumina than remote areas.
- alumina is electrolysed on the parts of the cathodes close to the dissolution point, whereas remote areas of the cathodes are poorly fed with alumina. This is due to the gradual depletion of the alumina concentration in the electrolyte while the electrolyte is moving between the electrodes where its electrolysis takes place. Consequently, such a gradient of dissolved-alumina concentration over the cathode of a drained cell can cause a non-uniform use of the active surfaces of the cathodes and therefore a non-uniform consumption of the electrodes while increasing the risk of a local anode effect due to a locally insufficient electrolysis of alumina.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a regular flow of the electrolyte containing CO2 gas towards the gap between the anodes and the subsequent return of electrolyte to the bottom at the lowest point of the anode surface where the alumina-rich electrolyte is formed.
- the invention in particular relates to an electrolytic cell for the electrowinning of aluminium from alumina dissolved in a fluoride-based molten electrolyte.
- Such cell comprises:
- a cathode cell bottom comprising at least one sloped active cathode surface, and at least one recessed groove or channel below the bottom of the cathode active surface and extending therealong, the active cathode surface forming a drained cathode on which a layer of molten aluminium is produced and continuously drained into the recessed groove or channel;
- an electrolyte circulation is at least partly driven by gas released during the electrolysis between the anode and cathode active surface.
- the invention is characterized in that the means for feeding alumina are arranged to provide alumina-rich electrolyte into the or each recessed groove or channel which contains the alumina-rich electrolyte along substantially its entire length above the drained layer of aluminium.
- the recessed groove or channel further forms means for supplying the alumina-rich electrolyte to the bottom part of the or each active cathode surface under the effect of the electrolyte circulation produced by gas release.
- the alumina enriched electrolyte is distributed over substantially the whole bottom end of the sloped active surface of the cathode.
- the purpose of this invention is to supply the whole bottom part of the sloped cathode with alumina-rich electrolyte.
- the recessed groove or channel provides a sufficient flow of alumina-rich electrolyte to the active surfaces of the electrodes and additionally protects the supplied alumina-rich electrolyte from being electrolysed and depleted before it reaches the active surfaces where it is then electrolysed.
- the recessed grooves or channels may be of any shape providing therein a sufficient electrolysis-free area for the required flow of alumina-rich electrolyte to the active surfaces of the electrodes. They may for instance be of constant section having a horizontal bottom, and therefore provide the active surfaces of the cathode bottom with a uniform flow of electrolyte from the recessed grooves or channels along the whole length thereof .
- the bottom of the recessed grooves or channels is preferably sloped.
- a preferred geometry for each recessed groove or channel is a sloping bottom and a constant cross-sectional area along its length.
- the bottom of the recessed grooves or channels is sloping, such cross-channels are to be located at the lower end of said sloping bottoms.
- the bottom of the cross-channels is preferably sloping to facilitate aluminium evacuation.
- the junctions between the cross- channels and the recessed grooves or channels can be advantageously used to locate alumina feeding points.
- Alumina can be fed anywhere where it is not subjected to immediate electrolysis but from where the alumina-rich electrolyte can reach the recessed grooves or channels before being exposed to the electrolysing electrical current.
- the sloped active surfaces of the electrodes may be arranged freely provided the following conditions are met. Firstly, the sloping active surfaces should be so designed as to allow the produced gas accumulated in the form of bubbles under the anode active surfaces facing the cathode bottom to move freely along the anode bottom towards the surface and escape from there .
- the length to be covered by the electrolyte between the electrodes should be reasonably short. This also offers the advantage of preventing the accumulation of gas into large bubbles.
- the sloping active cathode surfaces preferably form a series of juxtaposed V-shapes.
- the cathode bottom of a cell according to the invention can be made of blocks having active sloped cathode surfaces, a bottom surface, a front surface, a back surface and two lateral surfaces.
- Such blocks may, for instance, comprise two V-shaped sloping active cathode surfaces and a recessed groove or channel below the bottom of the cathode active surfaces and extending therealong.
- Another possible design is a block comprising two roof- shaped sloping active cathode surfaces, each surface provided with a cut-out or a bevel below the bottom of the cathode active surfaces and extending therealong, so that a recessed groove or channel is formed between two laterally juxtaposed blocks.
- this roof- shaped block can be obtained from the lateral juxtaposition of two part-blocks, each provided with only one sloping active surface and one cut-out or a bevel.
- Such cathode blocks are advantageously provided with a grove or like recess in their bottom and extending therealong for receiving a steel or other conductive bar for the delivery of current.
- the groove is generally parallel to the active and lateral surfaces of the cathode block.
- the cathode blocks are made of carbon or carbonaceous material such as compacted powdered carbon, a carbon-based paste for example as described in US Patent No. 5,413,689 (de Nora/Sekhar) , prebaked carbon blocks assembled together on the shell, or graphite blocks, plates or tiles.
- the cathode is also possible for the cathode to be made mainly of an electrically-conductive carbon-free material, of a composite material made of an electrically-conductive material and an electrically non-conductive material, or of an electrically non-conductive material.
- Carbon-free materials can be alumina, cryolite, or other refractory oxides, nitrides, carbides or combinations thereof.
- Carbon-free conductive materials is preferably chosen among Groups IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVB, VB and the Lanthanide series, in particular aluminium, titanium, zinc, magnesium, niobium, yttrium or cerium, and alloys and intermetallic compounds thereof.
- the composite material's metal preferably has a melting point from 650°C to 970°C.
- the composite material is advantageously a mass made of alumina and aluminium or an aluminium alloy, see US Patent No. 4,650,552 (de Nora/Gauger/Fresnel/Adorian/ Duruz) , or a mass made of alumina, titanium diboride and aluminium or an aluminium alloy.
- the composite material can also be obtained by micropyretic reaction such as that utilising, as reactants, Ti ⁇ 2 , B 2 O 3 and Al .
- the cathode can also be made of a combination of at least two materials from: at least one carbonaceous material as mentioned above; at least one electrically conductive non-carbon material; and at least one composite material of an electrically conductive material and an electrically non-conductive material, as mentioned above.
- a cell according to the invention is preferably provided with dimensionally stable anodes and cathodes.
- the anodes may for instance be made of non- carbon and substantially non-consumable material.
- the anodes of the electrolytic cell can be made of carbon-free material.
- the anodes are preferably made of substantially non-consumable material.
- the method is characterized in that feeding and dissolution of alumina in the electrolyte is followed by feeding the alumina-rich electrolyte into the or each recessed groove or channel along substantially its entire length above the drained layer of aluminium.
- the alumina- rich electrolyte from the recessed groove or channel is then supplied to the bottom part of each active cathode surface under the effect of the electrolyte circulation produced by gas release from where it is distributed over the whole active cathode surface where it is electrolysed.
- Alumina-rich electrolyte can be fed in different types of recessed grooves to provide dissolved alumina to the bottom part of the sloped surfaces.
- the electrolyte can be fed in at least one recessed groove or channel having a horizontal bottom, a sloped bottom or a bottom having a constant cross-sectional area along its length among many other possible shapes.
- Aluminium produced on the active surfaces of the cathodes and drained into the recessed grooves or channels can be advantageously evacuated in at least one cross- channel preferably collecting aluminium from a plurality of recessed grooves, advantageously provided with sloping bottoms to facilitate aluminium drainage thereon. Furthermore, fresh alumina can be fed at the junctions between the recessed grooves or channels and the cross-channels. Thus, alumina is dissolved closely to the recessed electrolyte supply grooves or channels.
- aluminium is preferably produced on sloping active cathode surfaces forming a series of juxtaposed V-shapes for ease of manufacturing the cathode cell bottom.
- the electrolytic cell of the invention can either be obtained from a used conventional cell which is converted to the invention or a new cell specially designed for the purpose of the invention.
- the manufacturing of the cell usually comprises providing channels, grooves, bevels, sloping sections or cut-outs in the top surface of the cathode bottom of the cell before or after assembly of the components of the cell .
- the channels or grooves or sloping sections can be machined in the top surfaces of the cathode bottom of the cell.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of part of a cell bottom formed of cathode blocks having V-shaped top surfaces covered with facing anodes, three such cathodes and two anodes being shown;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the electrolyte circulation between and around a cathode and a facing anode of the type shown in Fig. 1;
- - Figures 3 (a) , (b) and (c) are perspective views of cathode blocks having different types of recessed grooves or channels;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view through part of an aluminium electrowinning cell according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a drained cathode bottom of a cell similar to the cell shown in Figure 4 during operation.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows part of a cell bottom according to a preferred embodiment of the invention formed of an assembly of cathode blocks 10, three cathode blocks being shown, with two facing anodes 30.
- the cathode blocks 10 are generally rectangular and in this example are made of carbon in the form of anthracite or graphite of the normal grade used for aluminium production cathodes .
- the cathode blocks 10 have V-shaped top surfaces 11,12 (which will form the cathode cell bottom) side surfaces 13 (which will be joined together) , a front surface 14, a back surface and a bottom surface.
- the V- shaped top surfaces 11,12 are provided with a sloping recessed groove 20 along their bottom the section of which is of constant area.
- the V-shaped surfaces 11,12 and the recessed grooves 20 are machined.
- the adjacent blocks 10 are joined side-by-side by ramming paste 40, for example an anthracite-based paste, to form a continuous carbon cell bottom.
- ramming paste 40 for example an anthracite-based paste
- the blocks 10 can advantageously be bonded by a resin-based glue, in which case the gap between the adjacent blocks would be much smaller.
- the produced aluminium on the active cathode surfaces 11,12 is gravitationally drained from the active surfaces into the recessed grooves or channels 20 where it is collected and evacuated.
- the produced aluminium flows in the direction opposite the electrolyte motion.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the principle of the flow of the electrolyte between and around the electrodes 10,30.
- Electrolyte circulates from the feeding point PI along the recessed groove or channel 20 from P2 to P3. Along the whole length of the recessed groove or channel 20, electrolyte is drawn up over the edges of the recessed groove or channel to the V-shaped surfaces of the cathodes 11,12. The electrolyte then follows the inter-electrode gap up the V-shaped surfaces 11,12 until it reaches the upper edges of the cathode 10. Finally the electrolyte leaves the inter-electrode gap to return to the feeding point Pi along the sides P4 of the electrodes 10,30.
- the circulation of the electrolyte is propelled by the escaping bubbles generated by gas release at the active anode surfaces 31, 32 during the electrolysis of alumina. Such generated bubbles follow the inclined surfaces of the anodes 31,32 in an ascending motion, providing the necessary forces to move the electrolyte.
- the inter-electrode gap is fed with alumina-rich electrolyte from the recessed groove or channel 20 drawn in by the upward circulation of electrolyte propelled by the escaping gas .
- the recessed groove or channel 20 is fed with alumina-rich electrolyte from the electrolyte at the alumina dissolution point PI in front of the front surface 14 of the cathode.
- concentration of dissolved alumina is substantially uniform in the recessed groove or channel 20 since no electrolysis takes place therein.
- Alumina- depleted electrolyte which has been electrolysed between the electrodes 10,30 is circulated back to the alumina feeding point Pi.
- FIG. 1 shows three similar cathode blocks 10 but provided with different recessed grooves or channels 20, which blocks 10 can be assembled into a cell bottom using glue or ramming paste.
- the third block 10 Fig. 3 (c) similarly to Fig. 3 (b) , has a sloping groove 20 but combined with a variable width to provide a section of constant area along its length, these shapes being given by way of example among many possible shapes.
- the active sloping parts of the cathode surfaces 11,12 extend along the top surface of the cathode block 10. All of the described grooves, channels 20 and sloping surfaces 11,12 can easily be machined in the blocks 10, for instance using a milling cutter. Alternatively, it is possible to provide grooves or bevels or other forms of channel by other methods, for example by extrusion.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows, in longitudinal cross-section and side elevation, an aluminium production cell incorporating a carbon cell bottom formed of cathode blocks 10 similar to those described above.
- a plan view of a similar configuration is shown in Fig. 5.
- the cathode blocks 10 are arranged side-by-side and extend across the cell.
- the blocks 10 are connected together by ramming paste 40, or alternatively are glued together, and the endmost blocks are connected by ramming paste to an insert of carbon or a refractory carbide such as silicon carbide at the cell end (not shown) .
- the bottoms of the blocks have recesses 50 receiving steel conductor bars 51 connected in the blocks by cast iron 52, which conductor bars extend externally to a negative bus bar of the cell, situated along the side of the cell.
- the recessed grooves or channels 20 described in this configuration are located between two cathode blocks 10.
- Such grooves or channels can be obtained from the juxtaposition of two cut-outs 16,17 each located along the lower edge of each cathode top surface 11,12.
- top surfaces 11,12 of the blocks 10 forming the top surface of the carbon cell bottom are advantageously covered with a coating of aluminium-wettable refractory material 61 on which, as shown, there is a layer of drained molten aluminium 60 below a fluoride-based molten electrolyte 62 such as molten cryolite containing dissolved alumina.
- anodes 30, conventionally blocks of prebaked carbon, are suspended in the cell by the usual mechanisms (not shown) enabling their height to be adjusted.
- Oxygen evolving non-carbon anodes may be suspended in the cell instead of the carbon anodes but do not need to be vertically adjustable because they are non- consumable.
- the anodes 30 dip in the molten electrolyte 62 facing the channelled and sloping cathode surfaces 11,12.
- the anode-cathode gap is not shown to scale.
- the cryolite-based electrolyte 62 is usually at a temperature of about 950°C, but the invention applies also to components used in cells with electrolytes well below 900°C, and as low as 700°C.
- the surfaces of the cathode blocks 11,12 can be made dimensionally stable by applying a coating of an aluminium-wettable refractory hard metal (RHM) 61 having little or no solubility in aluminium and having good resistance to attack by molten cryolite.
- RHM aluminium-wettable refractory hard metal
- the coating 61 also covers the ramming paste 40.
- Useful RHM include borides of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, chromium, nickel, cobalt, iron, niobium and/or vanadium.
- Useful cathode materials are carbonaceous materials such as anthracite or graphite.
- the cathode blocks 10 of the present invention have a coating 61 of particulate refractory hard metal boride in a colloid according to the teaching of US Patent 5,651,874 (de Nora/Sekhar) which provides a method of applying refractory hard metal boride to a carbon containing component 10 of a cell for the production of aluminium, in particular by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a cryolite-based molten electrolyte, this method comprising applying to the surface of the component a slurry of particulate preformed refractory boride in a colloidal carrier as specified above, followed by drying, and by heat treatment before or after the component 10 is installed in the aluminium production cell.
- the method of application of the slurry to the cathode blocks 10 of the present invention involving painting (by brush or roller) , dipping, spraying, or pouring the slurry onto the cathode blocks 10 and allowing to dry before another layer is added.
- the coating 61 does not need to be entirely dry before the application of the next layer. It is preferred to heat the coating 61 with a suitable source so as to completely dry it and improve densification of the coating. Heating and drying take place preferably in non- oxidising atmospheres at about 80-200°C, usually for half an hour to several hours and further heat treatments are possible.
- the cathode cell bottom may be treated by sand blasting or pickled with acids or fluxes such as cryolite or other combinations of fluorides and chlorides prior to the application of the coating 61.
- the cathode cell bottom surface may be cleaned with an organic solvent such as acetone to remove oily products and other debris prior to the application of the coating. These treatments will enhance the bonding of the coatings to the cathode cell bottom.
- a final coat of the colloid alone may be applied lightly prior to use.
- the cathode blocks 10 can be painted, sprayed, dipped or infiltrated with reagents and precursors, gels and/or colloids.
- the cathode blocks 10 can be impregnated with e.g. a compound of lithium to improve the resistance to penetration by sodium, as described in US Patent 5,378,327 (Sekhar/Zheng/Duruz) .
- the refractory coating 61 on the cathode blocks 10 may be exposed to molten aluminium in the presence of a flux assisting penetration of aluminium into the refractory material, the flux for example comprising a fluoride, a chloride or a borate, of at least one of lithium and sodium, or mixtures thereof.
- a flux assisting penetration of aluminium into the refractory material
- the flux for example comprising a fluoride, a chloride or a borate, of at least one of lithium and sodium, or mixtures thereof.
- the coating 61 on the carbon blocks 10 making up the cathode cell bottom is covered by a layer of molten aluminium 60.
- the recessed channels or grooves 20 in the surface serve to collect the produced aluminium 60 into a drained aluminium film 63.
- the aluminium layer 60 completely covers the carbon blocks 10 so that the electrolysis takes place between the surface of the aluminium layer 60 and the facing surface of anode 31,32.
- Figure 5 schematically shows a plan view of part of a cell bottom made of a juxtaposition of blocks 10 as described in Figure 3 (c) .
- a cross-sectional view of a similar configuration is shown in Fig. 4.
- two groups of three laterally juxtaposed cathode blocks 10 separated by a cross-channel 25 face each other, so that all the front surfaces 14 of the cathode blocks 10 are located next to the cross-channel.
- the level of the bottom of each recessed groove or channel 20 is such as to allow the drained aluminium evacuated from the recessed grooves or channel 20 to be collected in the cross-channel 25 in form of an aluminium evacuation stream 65.
- the recessed grooves or channels (20) shown in Fig. 5 are similar to those described in Fig. 3(c), however different shapes may be used such as those described in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3 (b) .
- Dotted arrows illustrate the path of released gas bubbles 64.
- the gas release starts at each edge of the recessed groove or channel 20 since the electrolysis takes place only between the inclined surfaces 11,12,31,32 of the cathode 10 and the facing anode 30, said path of gas 64 ending at the outer edge of the facing anode 30 (not shown) where it is released into the cell atmosphere.
- Dashed arrows show the path of the electrolyte 62.
- the electrolyte 62 is fed with alumina at Pi where it is dissolved and distributed in the different recessed channels or grooves 20.
- the alumina-rich electrolyte 62 is drawn by the flow of the released gas 64 over substantially the whole of the cathode active surfaces 11,12 where it is electrolysed.
- the electrolyte 62 has passed the inter-electrode gap, where it is depleted in alumina by electrolysis, the alumina-depleted electrolyte flows back to the alumina feeding point Pi for replenishment of this zone with electrolyte.
- Aluminium 60 is produced on the cathode cell bottom 11,12 by the electrolysis of alumina at the same time as the released gas 64.
- the produced aluminium 60 gravitationally driven, flows down the inclined active cathode surfaces 11,12 and is collected in the recessed grooves or channels 20 from where the drained aluminium 63 is gravitationally driven to the cross-channel 25 where it is evacuated in a larger stream 65.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU22933/99A AU746427B2 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution |
NZ505730A NZ505730A (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell having v-shaped sloped anode faces that cover recessed grooves or channels along the cathode faces |
CA002318893A CA2318893A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution |
EP99902726A EP1055019A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution |
SK1123-2000A SK11232000A3 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution |
US09/636,662 US6436273B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2000-08-11 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with alumina distribution |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IBPCT/IB98/00161 | 1998-02-11 | ||
IBPCT/IB98/00161 | 1998-02-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999041429A1 true WO1999041429A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 |
WO1999041429A8 WO1999041429A8 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
WO1999041429B1 WO1999041429B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
Family
ID=11004674
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1999/000222 WO1999041429A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-02-09 | Drained cathode aluminium electrowinning cell with improved alumina distribution |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6436273B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1055019A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU746427B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2318893A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ505730A (en) |
SK (1) | SK11232000A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999041429A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000063463A2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-10-26 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a v-shaped cathode bottom |
WO2010037220A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
ITVE20110026A1 (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-06 | Tito Monticelli | LATENT CANALIZATION FOR ELECTROLYTIC OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AL. FROM AL2O3 + NA3ALF3. THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE REALIZATION IN THE CATHODIC PART OF A STANDARD BATH / OVEN DEFENSE FROM THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY FIRST CORROSION, AND BY INFILT |
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CN100478500C (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2009-04-15 | 冯乃祥 | Abnormal cathode carbon block structure aluminum electrolysis bath |
CN102022938B (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-02-29 | 长沙理工大学 | Heat pipe based guide type aluminium electrolysis cell |
DE102011076302A1 (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2013-01-03 | Sgl Carbon Se | Electrolysis cell and cathode with irregular surface profiling |
CN102953084A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-06 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Aluminum reduction cell with plate-shaped diaphragm structure |
AU2013204396B2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2015-01-29 | Lynas Services Pty Ltd | Electrolytic cell for production of rare earth metals |
WO2013170310A1 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Lynas Services Pty Ltd | Drained cathode electrolysis cell for production of rare earth metals |
CA2919332A1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Electrolysis tank with slotted floor |
CA3030330C (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2023-01-03 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Advanced aluminum electrolysis cell |
CN110475908B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | 美铝美国公司 | System and method for electrolytic production of aluminum |
WO2023081480A2 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-11 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Advanced aluminum electrolysis cell |
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WO1984003308A1 (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-08-30 | Martin Marietta Corp | Low energy aluminum reduction cell with induced bath flow |
WO1993010281A1 (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-05-27 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cell for the electrolysis of alumina preferably at law temperatures |
WO1996007773A1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with improved carbon cathode blocks |
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ZA824256B (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-05-25 | Alcan Int Ltd | Electrolytic reduction cells |
US4602990A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1986-07-29 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Low energy aluminum reduction cell with induced bath flow |
US5028301A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1991-07-02 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation plating of aluminum wettable cathode coatings during aluminum smelting in drained cathode cells |
NZ232583A (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1991-11-26 | Comalco Alu | Aluminium smelting cell with cathode sloped in primary and secondary directions |
WO1992003597A1 (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-03-05 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Improved aluminium smelting cell |
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1999
- 1999-02-09 CA CA002318893A patent/CA2318893A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-09 SK SK1123-2000A patent/SK11232000A3/en unknown
- 1999-02-09 EP EP99902726A patent/EP1055019A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-09 AU AU22933/99A patent/AU746427B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-09 NZ NZ505730A patent/NZ505730A/en unknown
- 1999-02-09 WO PCT/IB1999/000222 patent/WO1999041429A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
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WO1984003308A1 (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-08-30 | Martin Marietta Corp | Low energy aluminum reduction cell with induced bath flow |
WO1993010281A1 (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-05-27 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cell for the electrolysis of alumina preferably at law temperatures |
WO1996007773A1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with improved carbon cathode blocks |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000063463A2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-10-26 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a v-shaped cathode bottom |
WO2000063463A3 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2001-01-18 | Moltech Invent Sa | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a v-shaped cathode bottom |
AU762338B2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-06-26 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a V-shaped cathode bottom |
WO2010037220A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
US8741185B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2014-06-03 | Hydro-Quebec | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminum production |
AU2009299086B2 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2015-09-03 | Hydro-Quebec | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
ITVE20110026A1 (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-06 | Tito Monticelli | LATENT CANALIZATION FOR ELECTROLYTIC OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AL. FROM AL2O3 + NA3ALF3. THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE REALIZATION IN THE CATHODIC PART OF A STANDARD BATH / OVEN DEFENSE FROM THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY FIRST CORROSION, AND BY INFILT |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2318893A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 |
AU2293399A (en) | 1999-08-30 |
SK11232000A3 (en) | 2001-03-12 |
WO1999041429B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
AU746427B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
US6436273B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
EP1055019A1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
NZ505730A (en) | 2002-05-31 |
WO1999041429A8 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
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