WO1996024456A1 - Poste d'usinage polyvalent et peu encombrant - Google Patents

Poste d'usinage polyvalent et peu encombrant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996024456A1
WO1996024456A1 PCT/CN1996/000011 CN9600011W WO9624456A1 WO 1996024456 A1 WO1996024456 A1 WO 1996024456A1 CN 9600011 W CN9600011 W CN 9600011W WO 9624456 A1 WO9624456 A1 WO 9624456A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
frame
workpiece
tool
shaped
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1996/000011
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wenyuan Shao
Original Assignee
Wenyuan Shao
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wenyuan Shao filed Critical Wenyuan Shao
Priority to US08/875,867 priority Critical patent/US5885199A/en
Priority to EP96902210A priority patent/EP0810048A4/en
Publication of WO1996024456A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996024456A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B23Q39/025Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder
    • B23Q39/027Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder consecutive working of toolheads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23FMAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B23F17/006Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metal cutting machine tool, in particular to a multifunctional machining center capable of completing most or all of a complex workpiece in one loading and unloading process.
  • British patent GB2212753 proposes to install a power transmission mechanism on the tool turret of a turning machining center in order to drive a rotary tool mounted on the turret. In this way, turning, drilling and milling can be completed in one clamping.
  • the tools that can be installed on the turret are limited by the turret diameter and workpiece size, in addition to turning tools, only a small number of rotating tools can be installed, so this machining center can only complete simpler workpieces in one clamping Turning, drilling, milling.
  • the turret-type tool changing mechanism relies on itself and the high precision of the tool to ensure accurate positioning, which is difficult and costly to manufacture, and the adjustment of the tool is more laborious.
  • all the tools on the turret-type tool changing mechanism are positioned on a plane that passes through the center of the workpiece. This makes it difficult to machine holes and profiles that are offset from the center of the workpiece, and it is impossible to process common mechanical parts such as gears with a disc milling cutter.
  • the actual mechanical parts often require more types of machining to be completed after turning, milling, and milling, such as straight, helical cylindrical, bevel gear rolling, inserting, planing, shaving, honing, grinding, splines Hole, or other types of hole broaching, surface hardening, and internal and external circle, plane and curved surface grinding and so on.
  • the above mechanical parts can only be partially processed on one processing center and then sent to the second and third processing centers by an automatic conveying device in order.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-functional machining center with a new layout in response to the above disadvantages.
  • This machining center has a small volume and a simple structure.
  • This plus two center can complete the turning of the workpiece in one clamping, and process holes, screw holes, profiles, grooves, slots, spheres, helical cylindrical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, etc. at any position and angle on it.
  • the unfinished workpiece can be automatically installed on the special mandrel on the workpiece spindle based on the processed round hole, tapered hole and spline hole. For further processing. This special mandrel is automatically machined on the spindle according to the requirements of the inner hole of the workpiece.
  • This new layout of a multifunctional machining center can replace one within a certain range
  • CIMS is a huge system consisting of a turning center, a drilling and milling center, a gear processing machine, a laser processing machine, a grinding center, a coordinate measuring machine, a handling robot, and a control center.
  • the technical gist of the present invention is to replace a turret tool post type tool changing mechanism of an existing turning center with a frame tool post to realize automatic tool change.
  • Each frame edge of the frame-shaped tool rest is parallel to the X or Y axis. All tools and other tools and working devices are installed on the frame edge of the frame tool holder.
  • a guide rail that moves the tool frame relative to the workpiece spindle in the Y direction and its servo system are added.
  • the frame tool holder is used in Y and X. The movement of the two directions relative to the workpiece to achieve automatic tool change, feed movement and automatic change work type.
  • At least one set of rotating tools can be mounted on the frame tool holder .
  • the tools in the group are parallel to each other.
  • Each group of tools that are not parallel to the Z axis is lined in the X or Y direction.
  • Each group of tools that are parallel to the Z axis can be lined up to several lines, or in ⁇ - Arranged in the ⁇ plane. In this way, the limited surface of the frame-shaped knife can install enough tools and tools, and the structure of the transmission mechanism is relatively simple.
  • Various working devices and cutting devices can also be installed.
  • the frame knife holder can be made up of one or more sections of continuous frame, and the connected frames are perpendicular to each other.
  • the shape can be L-shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped, mouth-shaped, Japanese-shaped, mesh-shaped and so on.
  • the rotating tool spindle parallel to the Z axis can be installed with drills, boring tools, taps, reamers, end mills, plus two holes, screw holes, and end profiles on the workpiece that are parallel to the axis.
  • the main shaft can be installed with drill, boring cutter, wire tapping, end milling cutter, machining two holes perpendicular to the axis, screw holes, and machining profile on the outer circle.
  • milling cutters such as cutting mills, Tri-face milling cutter, gear milling cutter for machining seams, grooves, faces, splines, cylindrical or bevel gears on the workpiece.
  • a rotary tool can be installed to machine the hole, screw hole, profile, spherical surface and helical gear on the workpiece. If a tool spindle is equipped with a code disc or a spindle pulse generator, A hob cutter can also be installed to process spline shafts or spur gears.
  • a fully functional frame-type tool post should have at least one set of rotary tool spindles perpendicular to the Z axis, at least one set of rotary tool spindles parallel to the Z axis, and at least one set of rotary tool spindles that can be tilted to the Z axis, but these
  • the rotary tool spindle can be replaced by at least one rotary tool spindle assembled on a rotatable multi-axis box controlled by a servo mechanism.
  • At least one row of rotary tools should be installed on the rotatable frame of the frame-shaped tool holder.
  • the main shaft, or at least one row of rotary tool spindles perpendicular to the Z axis and at least one set of rotary tool spindles parallel to the Z axis are mounted on the fixed frame of the frame-shaped tool rest.
  • a high-frequency hardening wire rod or a laser emitting head can be installed on the frame tool post to automatically harden the workpiece after turning and milling for further fine grinding. If the latter is installed, it can also be cut, punched, engraved, and welded.
  • An external or internal grinding head can be installed on the revolving multi-rotation box, so that the internal and external cylindrical conical surfaces can be ground after the workpiece is quenched, or the plane and profile can be ground at any angle.
  • Z, X, Y, C can be used to interpolate between four axes to grind cams or complex surfaces.
  • a wheel dresser mounted on the bedside box can automatically perform straight or curved dressing on the wheel.
  • a gear insert can be mounted on the fixed frame edge of the frame-shaped tool holder or on the rotatable multi-axis ⁇ for machining internal gears or step gears.
  • a bevel gear planer or bevel gear milling head can be mounted on the swivel multi-axis box to process straight or curved bevel gears.
  • the frame knife holder can also be equipped with a feeding claw or a discharge opening of the feeding mechanism to achieve short Automatic feeding of blanks.
  • a tool measurement sensor is installed on the bedside box, which can automatically measure the installed tool and automatically adjust the position data of the tip or edge to realize automatic tool setting.
  • a second bedside box and a second spindle which is concentric with the first spindle can be arranged on the other side of the frame-shaped tool rest.
  • a workpiece turning manipulator on the frame tool holder, which can clamp the workpiece that has been processed at one end from the workpiece spindle, and then turn the workpiece spindle to grip after turning 180 degrees, so as to realize the processing of both ends of some workpieces.
  • Figure 1 shows a single-spindle turning and milling center with a single row of rotating tool spindles on a frame-shaped tool post.
  • Figure 2 shows a single-spindle turning and milling machining center on a frame-shaped tool post equipped with a rotating tool main axis that is parallel and perpendicular to the workpiece axis.
  • FIG. 3A is a frame-shaped tool post using a spindle, a reducer, and a power assembly.
  • Figure 3B is a frame-shaped tool post with three different multi-axis boxes.
  • Figure 4 shows a frame-shaped tool post with a rotatable multi-axis box controlled by an A-axis servo mechanism.
  • Fig. 5 is a front view and a plan view of a dual-spindle turning and milling machining center.
  • Fig. 6 is a front view and a side sectional view of a dual-spindle multifunctional machining center.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural view of a frame-shaped tool post and a broaching device of the embodiment of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a tooth shaper and a planer attachment.
  • FIG. 9 is a first modified structure of the frame-shaped tool post of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a second modified structure of the frame-shaped tool post 0 of FIG. 7.
  • Fig. 11 is a front view and a side view of a turning and milling machining center suitable for processing a long workpiece.
  • Figure 12 is a front view of a dual-spindle turning and milling machining center with a second spindle mounted on the ram and Side view.
  • Figure 1 is a small, multifunctional work center with a simple frame-shaped tool holder.
  • a vertical Y rail (5) is made at the front of the bed (1)
  • a longitudinal Z rail (2) is made at the top of the bed
  • a sliding ⁇ (3) is made at the bottom of the bedside box (11).
  • the Z rail (2) on the bed slides, and its positioning and movement are controlled by the ⁇ -axis servo mechanism (4).
  • the headboard (11) is provided with a main shaft (12), which is driven by a speed change mechanism or directly by a main motor during turning.
  • the spindle is combined with a C ⁇ indexing servo (16) and driven by man-hours.
  • the spindle is also linked with an 18 C 'axis code s to determine the angle of the main shaft or to process the thread.
  • the main shaft can also be installed without a separate indexing servo mechanism (16), but the main motor and the C 'axis code disc can be used to realize the C axis servo control.
  • the rear part of the main shaft (12) is provided with a bar feeding mechanism (15) to realize automatic feeding.
  • a bar feeding mechanism (15) to realize automatic feeding.
  • (20) is a frame-shaped tool holder.
  • the lower part is provided with an X-direction guide (9), which can slide on the X-direction guide on the upper part of the slide table (8), and is controlled by the X-axis servo mechanism (10) for movement or positioning.
  • the front part of the slide table is provided with a ⁇ -direction slide ⁇ perpendicular to the X-rail, which can slide up and down on the ⁇ -rail (5) on the front of the bed, and is controlled by U-axis servo mechanism (7) for movement or positioning.
  • the bedside box (11) is equipped with a cutter weight sensor (17), which can be rotated (or retracted) around the axis. During processing, they do not spin the processing position, and when measuring, they will face downward. Turn (or reach) the measurement position. Their rotation (or telescoping) can be realized by oil cylinder, air cylinder, or electric device.
  • the tool measuring device (17) is used to automatically measure and determine the position of the cutting edge and the cutting edge, in order to simplify the process of tool installation and adjustment.
  • Each of the above-mentioned linear motion servo mechanisms is composed of a ball screw + stepper motor or a ball screw + servo motor + linear or rotary position feedback device
  • the indexing servo mechanism is composed of a separate pot wheel Pay + stepper motor or composed of indexing worm gear + servo motor + rotary position feedback device
  • the above guide rails and sliding surfaces can be ordinary sliding guide rails with or without plastic veneer, hydrostatic guide rails, or mobile guide rails .
  • the frame-shaped tool holder adopts a U-shaped structure.
  • the bottom frame (31) is provided with an X guide at the bottom and an arc-shaped T-shaped groove is formed at the upper portion.
  • the right frame (40) is also fixed on it.
  • the left frame is a rotatable multi-axis box (32), which is equipped with a row of 5 rotary tool spindles (33).
  • the 5 spindles are driven by the same motor (35), and the rotation of each axis decreases from bottom to top. These spindles are used to install drills, taps, reamers, boring tools, finger milling cutters, etc.
  • the longest spindle (34) can be equipped with a long tool bar (38), which can be equipped with 1-4 milling cutters, such as saw blade milling cutters, three-sided edge milling cutters, gear milling cutters, angle milling cutters, and rollers. Tooth knife and so on.
  • 1-4 milling cutters such as saw blade milling cutters, three-sided edge milling cutters, gear milling cutters, angle milling cutters, and rollers. Tooth knife and so on.
  • straight cylindrical or bevel gears on the workpiece's outer circle or end face In order to be able to roll gears or worm gears with a hob cutter, a Q-axis code disc should be installed on the main shaft (34), or linked with a Q-axis code disc via a transmission mechanism.
  • the code disc can also be a photoelectric or electromagnetic rotary pulse generator.
  • Loosen the nuts (44) and (45), and the multi-axis box (32) can be rotated around the mandrel (36) to process the Z-axis into a certain Angled holes or profiles, or machining helical gears, or hobbing gears with a hob cutter.
  • (37) is a knife bar support, which can be fixed in a T-shaped groove in the upper part of the left frame (40). The angle of the multi-axis box rotation is indicated by an angle indicator (54).
  • the right frame (40) is a turning tool holder, and a row of 7 radial fixed tools (41), such as outer E turning tools, planers, calenders, knurling tools, and external honing tools, are installed from the top.
  • a row of 6 axially fixed tools (42), such as internal turning tools, drills, reamers, taps, dies, inserts, etc. (43) is a workpiece measurement sensor. For real-time measurement of the actual dimensions of the workpiece being machined.
  • This machining center is suitable for processing with bar stock or short stock.
  • a workpiece loading and unloading and turning mechanism hand (19) is installed on the frame-shaped tool rest.
  • the claw moves to the XY direction and clamps a blank in the feeder, and then moves to Align the first spindle, the first spindle chuck opens, Z moves towards the workpiece, and clamps the workpiece.
  • (19) 's paw opens and exits.
  • the manipulator can also be used to grip a workpiece that has been machined at one end, flip it 180 degrees, and then let the workpiece spindle clamp grip to continue the processing of the second end of the workpiece. However, this is only suitable for workpieces processed with short blanks.
  • the robot can also remove the finished product from the spindle chuck and send it to the discharge slot.
  • the manipulator is equipped with at least two hand claws, and each pair is driven by a cylinder to move in opposite directions to clamp the stepped or tapered work ⁇ , and keep the axis of the workpiece with different axis lines unchanged.
  • the manipulator is installed in a turning mechanism (21)
  • the turning mechanism (21) guarantees that the manipulator can accurately turn the workpiece 180 degrees.
  • the overturning mechanism uses an oil cylinder, which can also be driven by an air cylinder or a motor.
  • each tool has a lot of space without any interference between the tool and the workpiece.
  • the overall size of the frame-shaped tool rest depends mainly on the number and spacing of the rotating tool spindles.
  • the distance S1 is related to the maximum diameter D of the tool and the parallel diameter d of the tool.
  • Sl D + d + ⁇
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the sum of the gap between the two tools when the workpiece is located between the two tools. Therefore, the design can be arranged at unequal distances.
  • the distance between the spindles of small diameter high-speed tools can be smaller, and the distance of the spindles of large diameter low-speed tools should be larger.
  • D 60mm
  • d 20mm
  • 5mm
  • Sl 85mm.
  • outer S3 turning tools are arranged in an early row on the frame-shaped tool holder, so they have a high space utilization rate.
  • the radial feeding direction of the outer turning tool is perpendicular to the direction of the tool arrangement.
  • D 60mm
  • B 15mm
  • 5mm
  • S2 50mm.
  • the second arrangement method can be adopted, that is, parallel-arranged oblique prism cylindrical turning tools, grinding the front angle on the top of the high-speed steel prismatic arbor, or installing a carbide blade on the top of the arbor.
  • the radial feed direction is horizontal, which is not easy to observe, but also easy to sharpen and replace the turning tool.
  • a third arrangement can be adopted, that is, two blades are installed back to back to form a V-shaped arrangement.
  • the tool holder can be equipped with two 3 ⁇ 4 high-speed steel prismatic turning tools back to back, and the tool holder can be installed with a carbide blade on the top back to back.
  • S6 60mm.
  • the rotary tool spindle on the frame-shaped tool post in Figure 1 can be driven by a common power that can be automatically shifted through a transmission system, or each spindle can be driven by a separate power with a reducer. Also To make a standard outer diameter of the spindle-reducer-power assembly.
  • the disadvantage of the turning and milling machining center in Figure 1 is that only one of the three machining methods, vertical, parallel, and inclined, can be used to process the rotary tool axis, which is suitable for simpler workpieces.
  • the frame-shaped tool post of the turning and milling center in Figure 2 uses a B-shaped structure with a border on the top (47)
  • a row of 4 rotary tool spindles that are perpendicular to the workpiece axis is provided, and a row of 4 rotary tool spindles that are parallel to the workpiece axis are provided on the middle frame, so that the workpiece needs to be perpendicular and parallel to the workpiece axis.
  • Rotary tools plus two holes and profiles can be completed at once.
  • a tool spindle (34) capable of rotating around the A axis can be installed, and a long tool bar (38) can be installed in the (34) to install a hobbing cutter, a disc milling cutter, etc. For hobbing or milling spiral grooves.
  • a row of 5 external turning tools (41) can be installed on the left frame along the Y axis, and a row of 5 internal turning tools and other internal tools (42) can be installed on the lower side of the middle frame along the X axis.
  • the power motor (35) is installed in the lower part of the frame-shaped tool holder, so it can use a larger power.
  • a horizontal disc-shaped feeding device (22) can be used, which can make the two non-cylindrical blanks (23), such as conical, step-shaped blanks, and so on can be delivered in a vertical state.
  • the robot (19) grips.
  • the feeding device (22) can also be replaced by a conveyor belt.
  • FIG. 3A is a frame-shaped tool post of a main spindle, a reducer, and a power assembly.
  • the upper frame (47) is provided with a row of mounting holes, which are provided with The spindle, the reducer, and the power unit are perpendicular to the workpiece axis.
  • the left frame (52) of the frame-shaped tool holder is equipped with a row of the spindle, the reducer, and the power unit that are parallel to the Z axis.
  • Each component is assembled by a standard spindle assembly (48) or (49), a reduction gearbox (50), and a power (51). When in use, it can be combined according to work needs to achieve the required speed, torque and performance .
  • the power can be an electric motor, or an air motor, or a hydraulic motor.
  • FIG. 3B is a multi-axis revolving cymbal added to the frame-shaped tool rest of FIG. 2 in order to process a complex hole or a surface inclined to the workpiece axis, or a spiral groove or a helical gear.
  • the upper and lower ends of the rotatable multi-axis box (32) cooperate with the fixed part of the frame-shaped tool holder through a coaxial rotary surface, and the clamping mechanism (44), (32) can be rotated about an axis parallel to the Y axis, or locked
  • the indicator (54) is used to indicate the angle at which the multi-axis box deviates from the vertical position to the workpiece.
  • a Q-axis code disc connected to the control system is mounted on the main shaft (34) for mounting on the main shaft.
  • the hob cutter on (34) rolls the gear or spline shaft.
  • the Q-axis code disc can also be linked with the main shaft (34) through a transmission mechanism.
  • the turning tool holder (46) is equipped with an outer! II turning tools (41), (42) are internal hole tools, and (43) are workpiece measurement sensors for measuring workpieces in processing.
  • a rear turning tool holder (57) can be installed on the other side of the frame-shaped tool rest, which is equipped with an external turning tool (55) for turning the workpiece on the second spindle, and an internal turning tool ( 56).
  • the rear turning tool holder (57) is shorter than the front turning tool holder (46). The purpose is to allow the second spindle to extend forward to grip the workpiece to be cut on the first spindle.
  • the four rotating tool spindles on the rotatable multi-axis box (32) and the four axes of the right frame are parallel to the Z-axis rotating tool spindle (33). Both ends are equipped with a taper hole or a tool chuck (58). In order to machine workpieces on both spindles.
  • (176) is a measurement sensor for measuring a workpiece on the second spindle.
  • the turning and milling machining center in Figure 1 and Figure 2 can not only perform general turning, but also use C'-
  • Z-X axis interpolation can turn taper threads;
  • c'-x axis interpolation can turn cams or teeth;
  • the installed rotary tools can mill end face cams using CY (or X) axis interpolation; cylindrical cams can be milled using CZ axis interpolation; and z axis linkage can be used for CY axis interpolation.
  • CY or X
  • CZ axis interpolation cylindrical cams
  • z axis linkage can be used for CY axis interpolation.
  • the spindle C indexing servo mechanism can automatically mill spur gears, spline shafts, etc. If the Z-Y axis interpolation linkage is used, the straight tooth [U bevel gear can be milled automatically.
  • the disadvantages of the turning and milling machining center in Fig. 2 are: if the workpiece axis is perpendicular, or parallel, or inclined, the profile of the hole is more complicated. For example, there are three stepped screw holes with different sizes perpendicular to the workpiece axis. ⁇ 6 rotating tools perpendicular to the Z axis may not be enough. In addition, three or four multi-spindle boxes may have to be installed with three to four sets of the same rotary tool.
  • This disadvantage can be overcome by installing an A-axis servo mechanism on the frame-shaped tool rest for driving the revolving multi-axis box.
  • the A-axis servo mechanism drives the rotation angle of the rotatable multi-axis box according to the control program of the machining center.
  • each tool on the swivel multi-axis box can be used to process each angle of the workpiece, and a swivel multi-axis box can be used instead of two to three multi-axis boxes on the frame-shaped tool holder in Fig. 3B.
  • one, two, or even multiple rows of rotating tools can be arranged around the rotation axis of the rotatable multi-axis box, thereby reducing the volume and increasing the number of available rotating tools several times.
  • the upper frame edge of the frame-shaped tool holder in Figure 4 is a rotatable multi-axis box (32).
  • the left and right ends of the frame are provided with coaxial rotary surfaces, which coincide with the rotary surfaces on the frame, so that they can run parallel to the X axis
  • the axis rotation is controlled by an A-axis servo mechanism (66).
  • a hydraulic (or electric) clamping mechanism (68) is used to lock the multi-axis box (32) at a set angle.
  • the rotatable multi-axis box (32) has a total of six main shafts (33) on which rotary tools are mounted.
  • the axes of the main shafts are parallel to each other and arranged in a line.
  • These spindles are equipped with tool chucks at both ends, so that a total of 12 rotary tools can be installed.
  • Each tool has a vertical, parallel or inclined skin machining of both ends of the workpiece.
  • the multi-axis box (32) equipped with a Q-axis code disc or pulse generator (65) or a transmission mechanism with a Q-axis code disc or pulse Generator linkage.
  • the frame tool holder is an axial tool holder on the left side of the frame. Up to 10 fixed axial tools can be installed on the front and back sides 2), (56).
  • the front tool holder can be equipped with 8 external turning tools (41) and the rear tool holder can be equipped with 6 external turning tools (55).
  • the rear tool holder has fewer tools, and the purpose is to allow the second spindle forward to clamp the workpiece on the first spindle to be cut.
  • (59) is a workpiece measurement sensor, which measures the actual size of the processed workpiece on the two spindles and corrects the positioning data of the tool used.
  • (99) is a spindle clamp library for placing a workpiece spindle chuck or nut, and the latter is used to fix a semi-finished product on a spindle on a second spindle.
  • Figure 5 is a dual-spindle turning and milling machining center using this frame tool post.
  • a vertical Y rail (5) is installed in the middle of the bed (1), and horizontal Z.
  • Z1 rails (2), (70) are installed in the same direction on the left and right.
  • the first bedside box (11) has a sliding surface (3) at the bottom, which can be mounted on the Z rail (2) It slides up, and its positioning and movement are controlled by the Z-axis servo mechanism (4).
  • the bottom sliding surface (71) of the second bedside box (73) can slide on the Z1 guide rail (70), and the Z1 axis servo mechanism ( 72) Control its positioning and movement.
  • (20) is a frame-shaped tool holder, each frame edge of which is parallel to the X and Y axes, and the bottom of the frame has an X-rail (9), which can slide on the X-direction sliding surface at the top of the slide (8).
  • the X-direction servo (10) controls the movement and positioning.
  • a heading sliding surface (6) is installed perpendicular to the X-direction guide rail, which can slide up and down on the heading guide rail (5) in the middle of the bed, and the positioning and mobile.
  • the first headstock is equipped with a first spindle (12). Its axis is parallel to the Z axis.
  • the spindle is driven by a main motor (68) during turning and combined with a C-axis indexing servo (16) during drilling and milling.
  • the first main shaft is also linked with a C'-axis code disc via a transmission mechanism to determine the angle of the main shaft or process the thread.
  • the first spindle can also use a separate indexing servo mechanism (16), and the C axis closed-loop servo control can be realized by the spindle motor and the C 'axis code disc.
  • the rear part of the first spindle is equipped with a bar feeding mechanism (15) to realize automatic feeding, and the second bedside box is provided with a second spindle (76) whose axis is parallel to the Z axis.
  • the motor is driven by the C1-axis indexing servo mechanism (74) during drilling and milling.
  • the second spindle is also linked to a C1 'axis code disc.
  • the second spindle can omit the C1 indexing servo mechanism.
  • the rear part of the second spindle is equipped with a workpiece ejection device (77) for automatically ejecting the completed workpiece from the workpiece holder (76),
  • the first and second headboards are each equipped with a rotating (or retractable) tool measuring sensor (17), (75),
  • this turning and milling machining center has all the capabilities of the former, and because it has several times the available tools, it can process more complex workpieces that the former cannot process. And when machining different parts, the need to change and readjust the tools is greatly reduced.
  • the second spindle is suitable for processing the second end of a workpiece using bar stock and short blanks as raw materials, and has a high accuracy for the positioning of the clamped portion of another part on the first spindle.
  • the required mandrel can be machined on the second spindle first, and then the workpiece with one end (including the inner hole) processed on the first spindle can be inserted into the mandrel of the second spindle, and finally screwed into the frame in advance.
  • the nut in the tool holder clamp library (99) is clamped. All processes can be completed automatically under program control.
  • the turning and milling machining center is also suitable for processing non-rotating small and complex workpieces that can be accommodated by the blank size, such as small boxes, frames, connecting rods, molds, blades, etc.
  • drilling and milling capacity is equivalent to a 5-coordinate drilling and milling plus two centers;
  • Fig. 6 is a multifunctional machining center.
  • functions such as gear shaping, grinding, quenching, hole broaching, and bevel gear planing are added.
  • the frame-shaped tool holder (20) is arranged vertically, and two guide rails (9) are installed at the bottom of the right frame, which can slide in the vertical X-direction ball slider of the slide table (8), and the X-axis servo system (10) Controls the lifting of the frame-shaped tool post.
  • the bottom of the slide table (8) is equipped with a horizontal Y-direction ball slider (6), which can slide on the horizontal Y-direction guide rail (5) in the middle of the bed (1), and the Y-axis servo system (7) controls its movement.
  • the bottom of the first headboard (11) is equipped with a ball slider (3) parallel to the main shaft, which can slide on the horizontal Z guide (2) on the left side of the bed, and the Z-axis servo system (4) controls the first headboard Mobile.
  • the bottom of the second headboard box (73) is equipped with a ball slider (71) parallel to the main shaft, which can slide on the horizontal Z1 guide rail (70) on the right side of the bed, and the Z1 axis servo system (72) controls the second headboard Box of movement.
  • the outside of the bed is equipped with a broaching device (82), (88) is a broaching cycle mechanism.
  • the entire work area is closed by foreign forces (80).
  • (62) is a supply tank for supplying short blanks
  • (63) is a finished product discharge tank.
  • the first and second headboards are equipped with retractable (or rotatable) tool measurement sensors (17), (75), and one of them is also equipped with a retractable (or rotatable) wheel dresser ( 81) for dressing large and small grinding wheels on the tool frame. It will shrink (or rotate) to a position that does not affect the processing without correction.
  • the rotation or contraction of the wheel corrector can be driven by an electric mechanism, hydraulic cylinder, or air cylinder.
  • the broaching device (82) has a dovetail on the outside, which can slide in the Z-direction dovetail guide (85) on the front of the bed.
  • (83) is a combination device that can pull the broaching device (82) and the second headboard.
  • (100) is a hydraulic cylinder
  • (101) is a piston rod
  • (84) is a workpiece support seat
  • (102) is a broach chuck
  • (103) is a chuck jacket
  • (87) is the blade chuck of the broach cycle mechanism.
  • the broaching work process A.
  • the broach chuck (102) is pushed to the leftmost end by the piston rod, the chuck jacket (103) is compressed by the inner surface of the workpiece support (84), and the lock block (102) in the chuck (102) ( 105) Retract so that the head of the broach (86) can freely enter and exit the chuck hole.
  • B. The gripper (60) grasps a workpiece and places it coaxially with the broaching device.
  • the coupling device (83) connects the broaching device with the second headstock and moves it to the workpiece support to contact the workpiece.
  • the blade chuck (87) moves to the right with the broach, so that the head of the broach passes through the workpiece hole and is inserted into the hole of the broach chuck (102).
  • E. The piston pull rod moves to the right, and the collet jacket (103) is pushed out by the spring, so that the lock block (105) is extended inward to prevent the broach from coming out, and broaching is performed until the broach passes the workpiece.
  • F. The gripper removes the workpiece.
  • Broach chuck (102) sends the broach to the left, inserts the tail of the broach into the hole of the tail chuck (87), and compresses the outer sleeve of the chuck to the inner surface of the workpiece support.
  • H. Blade chuck (87) with broach moves to the starting position.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a frame-shaped tool holder and a broaching device used by the same.
  • a gear-shaping head (94) is installed in the rotatable multi-axis box of the frame-shaped tool rest, which is composed of a carcass
  • the sliding column (111) has cutter mounting holes at each end to facilitate the installation of two different Shaper cutters process the workpiece.
  • the indexing worm gear (120) (121) is driven by an S-axis servo motor (95), so as to realize the synchronous development movement of the gear cutter to the C-axis of the workpiece.
  • a bearing (125) (126) is installed between the bright body and the rotatable multi-axis box. The bearing is a linear bearing to allow the filling body to slide relative to the rotatable multi-axis box to form a knife movement, or (125) (126 ) Is an ordinary slewing bearing, but the relative sliding column
  • the axis is eccentrically installed to make the knife move by utilizing the swing of the housing (110).
  • the reciprocating movement of the plunger and the filling of the knife can be driven by an electric mechanism, a hydraulic cylinder, or an air cylinder.
  • the Y-C-S axis interpolation can be used to process non-circular gears, and the S-X axis interpolation can also be used to process short racks. Stop the S-axis servo motor (95), install a single-head insert, and insert the inner key slot.
  • the frame-shaped tool rest is equipped with a quenching device, so that the workpiece can be precision ground and quenched after turning and milling.
  • the quenching device can be a high-frequency quenching wire rod or a laser emitting head.
  • the laser emitting head (91) is mounted on a rotatable multi-axis box.
  • the laser (90) can be mounted on the frame-shaped tool holder, and the laser beam is guided to the laser emitting head (91) by a mirror group and emitted.
  • Various accessories can be added to the laser emitting head, such as adding a reflector, so that the laser beam is emitted at right angles. Can quench the inner hole of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece In addition to quenching the workpiece, it can also perform cutting, drilling, welding, marking, lettering, etc. by modulating the laser power and frequency, and replacing different laser emitting heads.
  • the relative position between the laser emitting head and the work can be controlled by 5 axes, enabling the machining of complex surfaces.
  • a large wheel grinding head (92) and a small grinding wheel grinding head (93) are mounted on the rotatable multi-axis box (32) of the frame-shaped tool post so as to be capable of grinding.
  • the grinding wheel corrector (81) installed on the bedside box can automatically correct the grinding wheel. After the large and small grinding wheel heads are installed, this machining center is equivalent to a five-coordinate CNC grinding machine, except that it can grind the inner and outer cylindrical conical surfaces at one time.
  • CY and CL-Y axis interpolation you can grind outer and inner cams and end cams.
  • CZ or C1-Z1 axis interpolation you can grind cylindrical cams.
  • XY axis interpolation you can grind curved surfaces.
  • XZ axis interpolation, Y axis linkage, or XY axis interpolation, Z axis linkage can be used for planetary grinding of coordinate holes or mold curves.
  • this machining center can also grind more complex regular surfaces.
  • C or C1 axis indexing you can grind splines or gears, use C or C1 axis indexing, CX or CX axis interpolation, you can develop grinding gears, and use C-Z or C1-Z1 interpolation It can grind threads, use CX or interpolation, can grind milling cutters, use CX-Z or C1-X-Z1 interpolation, can grind hobbing cutters, taps, etc.
  • the gripper (60) is used to clamp the blank on the feed trough (62) to the first spindle chuck, or send the semi-finished workpiece on the first spindle to the working position of the broaching device (82), and The broached workpiece is returned to the first spindle chuck or the second spindle chuck or set on a mandrel on the second spindle.
  • (99) is a clamp ⁇ made on a frame-shaped tool holder, which can rotate the center, the outer circle or the inner hole chuck, and various nut assemblies for the hollow two-piece mounting on the special spindle of the second spindle ( 174).
  • Fig. 8 is an embodiment of a mechanically driven gear shaper.
  • the housing (110) is installed in the box body (32) of the rotatable multi-axis box through linear bearings (125 126) at both ends, and the inner and outer rings (127), (128) of (125) or (126) are opposite to each other.
  • a parallel raceway is made, so that the gear insert head can make a straight line without clearance with respect to the multi-axis box (32) to allow the knife to slide.
  • the right end of the sliding column (111) can slide or rotate in the hole of the sliding sleeve (114), and the left end indexing worm gear (122) is connected by a 'ball spline (112)'.
  • the splined sleeve (113) is connected with the sliding column (111) in a conical surface, and the outer diameter of the splined sleeve is adjusted by adjusting the nut (115) and the sleeve (116) to achieve gapless transmission.
  • the indexing worm (120) is linked with an S-axis servo motor (95).
  • the ring (117) is mounted on the slide by a ball (118) to form a two-way thrust bearing.
  • the swing lever (134) can swing around a shaft (136) at one end, and a dial pin (135) at the other end is inserted into the ring groove of the rolling ring (117).
  • the gear shaft (130) is meshed with the power transmission system in the rotatable multi-axis box.
  • a shaft (131) is installed in the eccentric hole of (130), and one end has a disc with an eccentric pin and the other end has a ridge pattern.
  • the eccentric pin is covered with a slider (133), ) Slide in the straight groove of the swing lever (134).
  • Loosen the nut (132) and the shaft (131) can be rotated to adjust the stroke of the spool.
  • the back of the disc at the lower end of the shaft (131) and the concave surface of the gear shaft (130) are provided with tooth patterns to securely fix the shaft (131).
  • the filling body (110) is provided with a small bearing (137), and the elastic member (139) forces the housing (110) to move up, and presses the bearing (137) against the cam on the lower end face of the gear shaft (130).
  • the gear shaft rotates and the slider (111) starts the forward stroke
  • the cam pushes the filling body down a fixed distance (0.5-lmm)
  • the slider starts the reverse stroke
  • the cam surface becomes lower and the spring ( 139) Pull the carcass back to allow the knife to move.
  • the gear shaft (130) When using the cutter at the other end to change gears, the gear shaft (130) should be turned in the opposite direction.
  • One of the embodiments of the bevel gear planing head is to use the indexing mechanism of the shaper head, and add a bevel gear planing attachment to the shaper head to realize the processing of straight bevel gears.
  • (140) is a cradle of a bevel gear planing attachment, which can be installed on the end face of the indexing worm wheel core (122) of the insert head, and the left and right guide rails (145) and (146) left and right sliders are mounted on (147), (148) can slide on the left and right guide rails, and the left and right planer blades (151), (152) are mounted on the left and right sliders through the knife seats (149), (150).
  • Racks are made on the inner sides of the left and right sliders, and both racks mesh with the sun gear (141).
  • the sun gear is installed in the center of the cradle (140) through a bearing (U2), and the other end is made with a large lead screw, which is matched with the bushing (143).
  • (143) is a tapered surface, and is installed in a knife mounting hole at the left end of the sliding column (111) by using an hexagon socket screw (144).
  • the screw sleeve (143) forces the screw and gear (141) to reciprocate, and drives the left and right sliders (147), (148) and the left and right planers (151), (152) to reciprocate through the rack, To achieve incisors.
  • a pusher (not shown) is installed on the multi-axis box (32). Push the pusher by hand or by using the workpiece spindle. That is, the sloping head carcass (110) is pushed away from the cam surface through the inclined surface and fixed.
  • the second embodiment of the bevel gear cutting head is equipped with a common return adapter plate on the rotatable multi-axis box. It is driven by a T-axis indexing servo mechanism.
  • the center of the return adapter plate can be equipped with a power transmission shaft and a bevel gear planer.
  • a tooth attachment or a bevel gear milling attachment can be mounted on the adapter plate and receives power from the power transmission shaft.
  • the third embodiment of the bevel gear cutting head is a common mounting surface on a rotatable multi-axis box.
  • the center of the mounting surface is a power transmission shaft, a bevel gear planing head or a bevel gear milling head (165 ) Can be mounted on it and get power from the power transmission shaft, they each have a T-axis indexing servo mechanism that drives the swing of the cradle.
  • the power can also be obtained from its own power source.
  • the built-in power source can be electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic.
  • the two frame-shaped tool rests of FIGS. 9 and 10 are deformations of the frame-shaped tool rest of FIG. 7.
  • the rotatable multi-axis box is equipped with four rows of 16 rotary tool spindles at 90 degrees apart, and is equipped with a cutting head (166).
  • the cutting head can be equipped with tools at both ends.
  • (168) is a planer, the cutter head is mounted on a knife lifting mechanism, and the knife lifting mechanism can rotate around the axis of the slide column and be fixed at a certain angle. With this planer, the profile can be planed on the workpiece at any angle.
  • (167) is an internal hole inserting tool, which can cut round or tapered key slot, spline slot or various profiles.
  • (165) is a bevel gear planer head, or an arc bevel gear milling head, they have a T-axis indexing servo mechanism that drives its cradle to rotate, and the power of the tool movement can be from a rotatable multi-axis box Obtained internally or from its own power source.
  • (94) is a gear inserting head, and its filling body is mounted on the fixed part of the frame-shaped tool post through a bearing (125 126). The knife motion is formed by the swing of (94).
  • (170) is a stroke adjustment mechanism.
  • (169) is a high frequency quenched coil.
  • (171) is a flexible feeding trough, whose upper end is fixed, and the lower end outlet (173) is installed in a frame shape On the tool post, there is a material ejection mechanism (172) at the rear of the blade (173) for ejecting the blank.
  • (41) is an oblique prismatic turning tool arranged in parallel.
  • the bevel gear cutting head is not installed on the rotatable multi-axis box, but it is equipped with 4 rows of a total of 24 rotary tool spindles, and a laser emitting head (91), and a laser (90) is installed in a frame knife Frame fixing part.
  • the gear head (94) is installed inside the fixed frame through front and rear bearings to prevent foreign matter from entering the inside of the gear head.
  • the sliding head of the gear shaping head is eccentric to the front and rear bearings, so the swing of the gear shaping head can be used to make the knife move.
  • the reciprocating motion of the gear cutter and the swing of the housing are driven by power (177).
  • the turning tool (41) uses a back-to-back V-shaped arrangement.
  • the rotating tool spindle and the gear shaping head are installed on a rotatable multi-axis box. All rotating tools and two gear shaping tools can be rotated to different workpieces to process the two ends of the workpiece.
  • the utilization rate is high, but the increased freedom of the A axis will affect the positioning accuracy of the tool. Therefore, in order to process certain high-precision workpieces, in addition to a rotatable multi-axis box, a rotating tool spindle that is perpendicular to the Z axis and parallel to the Z axis can be installed on the fixed frame, and the gear insert head can also be installed on the fixed frame. . It is even possible to install two or more insert heads to insert internal and external gears or gears with different modules.
  • the structure of the frame tool holder can be EJ-shaped or mesh-shaped.
  • the arrangement of the frame-shaped tool rest on the machine tool can be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. Long workpieces need to be processed with the tip against one end, so to machine longer workpieces, the tool frame should be slid along the Z guide.
  • Figure 11 The frame-shaped tool post (20) of the turning and milling center slides on the Z-rail of the bed through the X-Y cross slider (8) and the Y-Z slide table (163), so it can process longer workpieces.
  • the headboard (11) and the bed are fixed together
  • (16) is the C1 axis indexing servo mechanism of the workpiece spindle (12).
  • the sliding table (163) is controlled by the Z-axis servo mechanism (4), and slides on the Z guide rail (2) of the bed (1).
  • the slide table (163) is provided with a Y-direction vertical guide rail (5) perpendicular to the Z guide rail, and the X-Y cross slider (8) is controlled by a Y-axis servo mechanism (7).
  • the guide rail can be on the slide table (163) (5) Slide up and down.
  • the frame-shaped tool holder (20) can slide on the sliding surface of the X-Y cross slider (8) with its horizontal X-rail (9) on the heel surface, and is controlled by the X-axis servo mechanism (10). Inside of tailstock (73) The side also has a sliding surface, which can slide on the Zl guide rail (70) of the bed, and is controlled to move by the Zl axis servo mechanism (72).
  • the frame-shaped tool holder (20) adopts a U-shaped structure to facilitate the loading and unloading of long workpieces.
  • Eight rotating tools including hobbing tools, can be installed on the rotatable multi-axis box (32), which can be increased to 16 if required. All rotary tools are driven by a motor (35).
  • the rotatable multi-axis box (32) is controlled by the A-axis servo mechanism (66).
  • (99) is the workpiece spindle fixture library. It is a hole made on the frame of the frame-shaped tool post. The rotating center and the inner and outer circles can be placed. Change the fixture. So that the spindle can visually change the workpiece fixture and tip during machining.
  • the second headstock and the second spindle should be used instead of the tailstock. If the second end only needs to be turned, the second spindle C1 axis servo system can be omitted.
  • Figure 12 is a simple dual-spindle turning and milling machining center.
  • the top of the bedside box (11) integrated with the bed is made with a Z1 guide rail parallel to the Z axis, in which a ram (160) is installed, and the outer end of the ram is equipped with a second main shaft (76).
  • the second main shaft can be rigidly linked with the first main shaft through a gear mechanism and a transmission shaft, so the C1 axis indexing servo mechanism is omitted.
  • the ram can be driven by a Z1-axis servo mechanism, but it can also be pushed by an easy-to-pull push-pull mechanism, which pushes the second spindle to the outer processing position, or pulls the second spindle toward the first spindle to grip the workpiece.
  • (16) is the C-axis indexing servo mechanism of the first spindle.
  • (15) is a bar pushing mechanism.
  • the frame tool holder (20) adopts a U-shaped structure.
  • On the left is a rotatable multi-axis box (32).
  • Four groups are installed at a 90-degree interval, and each group has four rotary tool spindles, which can rotate a total of 16 tools.
  • the rotation of (32) is controlled by the servo mechanism (66). All spindles on the swivel multi-axis box (32) are driven by a motor (35).
  • the right frame is equipped with internal and external circular turning tools (55), four in the left row, two in the right row, and eight inward and backward inward hole cutters.
  • (161) is a second spindle clamp clamping cylinder
  • (77) is a workpiece ejection cylinder.
  • the above embodiments are only suitable for processing small diameter workpieces. If the size of the workpiece is large, it should be fixed on the bed with a frame-shaped knife holder, and the bedside box moves along the X, Z, and Z axes.
  • control software should be designed with computer-assisted manual operations and partial automatic processing functions.
  • the integrated machining center shown in FIG. 6 is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Industrial applicability
  • the former can simultaneously process different processes on each machining center, while the present invention can only process the processes in sequence, but considers multiple unloading and moving of semi-finished products
  • the advantages of the present invention for a variety of small-volume workpieces are very obvious.

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Description

小型多功能加工中心 技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属切削机床,尤其是一种可在一次上下料的过 程中完成一个复杂工件的大部或全部加工的多功能加工中心。 背景技术
英国专利 GB2212753提出在车削加工中心的刀具转塔上加装动 力传动机构以便驱动安装在转塔上的旋转刀具。 从而实现一次装夹完 成车,钻,铣加工。 实际上由于转塔所能安装的刀具受到转塔直径及工 件尺寸的限制,除了车削用刀具以外,只能安装少量旋转刀具,因此这 种加工中心只能在一次装夹中完成较简单的工件的车,钻,铣加工。
其次,转塔式换刀机构依靠本身及刀具的高精度来保证精确定位, 制造难度和成本较高,刀具的调整也较费事。
再则,转塔式换刀机构上所有刀具均定位于一个通过工件中心的 平面,这就难以加工偏离工件中心的孔和型面,更无法用盘形铣刀加工 齿轮等常用机械零件。
此外,实际的机械零件,往往在车, ,铣之后还需要更多其它类型 的加工才能完成,如直、斜齿圆柱,圆锥齿轮的滾、插、刨、剃、珩、磨加 工,花鍵孔,或其它型孔的拉削加工,表面淬火,以及内外圆,平面和曲 面的磨削加工等等。
按已有技术,上述机械零件只能在一台加工中心上完成部分加工 后靠自动搬运装置依次送到第二、第三台加工中心来完成。
各种形状的未完成工件在第二第三台加工中心上的再装夹和再定 位,往往是十分复杂的,为其所需的时间和工序管理上的附加工作量一 般是加工整个工件的多倍,而这项任务的自动化,则仍是目前机械制造 工程面临的大难题之一。
确认本 本发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述缺点,提供一种新布局的多功能加工 中心,这种加工中心体积不大,结构简单,不但可以一次安装足够多的 车刀和钻铣刀具,而且能加装激光加二、淬火装置,磨削装置,圆柱圆锥 齿轮的滾、插、包 j、铣装置,以及拉削装置等。
这种加二中心可以在一次装夹中完成工件的全部车削,并在其上 任意位置和角度加工孔、螺孔、型面、槽、缝、球面、直斜圆柱齿轮、圆锥 齿轮、蜗轮、花键,以及艺术图案、文字和三维曲面。 可以在车铣后进行 淬火,再積磨内外圆,平面或曲面,可以把未完成工件以加工好的圆孔、 锥孔、花鍵孔为基准,自动安装到工件主轴上的专用心轴上,进行进一 步加工。 该专用心轴是按工件内孔要求在主轴上自动加工出来的。
这种新布局的多功能加工中心在一定范围内可以代替一个
CIMS,即以车削中心、钻铣中心、齿轮加工机床、激光加工机床、磨削 中心、座标测量机、搬运机器人以及控制中心组成的一个庞大***。
上述目的通过以下技术手段实现:
本发明的技术要点是用一个框形刀架来代替已有车削中心的转塔 刀架式换刀机构以实现自动换刀。 框形刀架的各框边平行于 X或 Y 轴。 所有刀具和其它工具、工作装置均安装在框形刀架的框边上,同时 增加一个使工具框架相对工件主轴在 Y 向移动的导轨付及其伺服系 统,用框形刀架在 Y和 X 两个方向相对工件的移动以实现自动换刀, 进刀运动及自动更换工作类型。
框形刀架上除可安装至少一组径向固定刀具(外圆车刀或刨刀), 至少一组轴向固定刀具(内孔车刀或插刀)外,还可安装至少一组旋转 刀具。 每组刀具至少 2把,组内刀具相互平行,每组不与 Z轴平行的刀 具沿 X或 Y 向 成一行,每组与 Z轴平行的刀具可排成一行到数行, 或在 χ-γ平面内布置。这样框形刀 的有限表面能安装足够多的刀具 和工具,并使传动机构的构造比较简单,还能安装多种工作装置,切削 装置。
框形刀架可以由一段到多段边框连续而成,相连边框相互垂直,其 形状可以是一字形, L形, U形,口字形,日字形,目字形等以此类推。 平行于 Z轴的旋转刀具主轴,可以安装钻头,镗刀,丝攻,铰刀,立 铣刀加二工件上对轴线平行的孔,螺孔,及端面型面,垂直于 Z轴的旋 转刀具主轴,可以安装钻头,镗刀,丝攻,立铣刀,加工二件上对轴线垂 直的孔,螺孔,及在外圆上加工型面,还可以安装益形铣刀,如切断铣 刀,三面刃铣刀,齿轮铣刀在工件上加工缝,槽,面,花鍵,圆柱或圆锥齿 轮等。 对 Z轴倾斜的主轴可以安装旋转刀具加工工件上对轴线倾斜的 孔,螺孔,型面,球面以及加工斜齿轮,螺旋槽,如其上某刀具主轴装有 码盘或主轴脉冲发生器,则还可安装滾齿刀加工花键轴或直斜齿轮。
功能齐全的框型刀架上应具有至少一组对 Z轴垂直的旋转刀具 主轴,至少一组对 Z轴平行的旋转刀具主轴,以及至少一组可对 Z轴 倾斜的旋转刀具主轴,但这些旋转刀具主轴可以用至少一组装在由伺 服机构控制回转的可回转多轴箱上的旋转刀具主轴代替。
由于实际工件在车削后所需的钻铣加工多数为刀具轴线对工件轴 线垂直的和平行的加工,所以从经济和实用考虑,应至少在框形刀架的 可回转边框上安装一排旋转刀具主轴,或者在框形刀架的固定边框上 安装至少一排对 Z轴垂直的旋转刀具主轴和至少一组对 Z轴平行的 旋转刀具主轴。
在框形刀架上可安装高频淬火线圏或激光发射头,以对车铣加工 后的工件自动进行淬火,以便进一步进行精磨加工。如安装后者还可进 行切割,打孔,雕刻,焊接等加工。
在可回转多转箱上可安装外圆磨头或内圆磨头,以便在工件淬火 后精磨内外圆柱圆锥面,或以任意角度磨削平面,型面。利用 Z,X,Y,C 四轴之间连动插补,还可磨削凸轮,或复杂曲面。 用安装在床头箱上的 一个砂轮修整器能自动对砂轮进行直线或曲线修整。
在框形刀架的固定框边或可回转多轴葙上可安装一个插齿头以加 工内齿轮或台阶齿轮。
在可回转多轴箱上可安装一个锥齿轮刨齿头或锥齿轮铣齿头以加 工直齿或弧齿锥齿轮。
框形刀架上还可安装一个供料手爪或供料机构的出料口以实现短 毛坯的自动上料。
在框形刀架上安装工件测量传感器,可以测量工件最终尺寸,或在 试刀后测量工件尺寸,以对刀具位置数据进行进一步校正。
在床头箱上安装一个刀具测量传感器,可以自动对安装后的刀具 进行测量,并自动修定刀尖或刀刃位置数据以实现自动对刀。
为完成工件两端加工。与己有床头箱相对地,在框形刀架的另一面 可安置一个第二床头箱及与第一主轴同心的第二主轴。
或者在框形刀架上安装一个工件翻转机械手,它可从工件主轴上 夹取已完成一端加工的工件,翻转 180度后再让工件主轴夹取,以实现 某些工件的两端加工。
还可以在框形刀架上或床身上安装一个型孔拉削装置以及一个拉 刀自动循环机构,以便在工件加工过程中进行拉削加工。 附图概述
图 1是框形刀架上只有一排旋转刀具主轴的单主轴车铣加工中 心。
图 2是框形刀架上同时装有对工件轴线平行和垂直的旋转刀具主 轴的单主轴车铣加工中心。
图 3A是一种采用主轴一减速器一动力组件的框形刀架。
图 3B是具有三种不同多轴箱的框形刀架。
图 4是可回转多轴箱由 A轴伺服机构控制的框形刀架。
图 5是双主轴车铣加工中心的正视图和俯视图。
图 6是双主轴多功能加工中心的正视图和側剖视图。
图 7是图 6实施例的框形刀架和拉削装置结构图。
图 8是插齿头及刨齿附件结构图。
图 9是图 7框形刀架的第一种变形结构。
图 10是图 7框形刀架 0的第二种变形结构。
图 11是一种适合于加工较长工件的车铣加工中心的正视图和侧 视图。
图 12是在滑枕上安装第二主轴的双主轴车铣加工中心正视图和 侧视图。 本发明的最佳实施方式
在车削后需要用旋转刀具继续加二的工件中,有的是比较简单的, 可能只需 1-4把旋转刀具就能完成 二,这种情况下采用最简单的只 有一组旋转刀具主轴的框形刀架的车铣加工中心也许是合理的。
图 1是一神采用简单框形刀架的小型多功能 ^工中心。
图 1 中,床身(1 )前部制有垂直 Y 导轨(5),床身上部制有纵向 Z 导轨(2),床头箱(11 )的底部制有滑动靣(3) ,可在床身上的 Z导轨(2) 上滑动,且由 τ轴伺服机构(4)控制其定位和移动。
床头箱(11)中装有主轴(12) ,该主轴在车削加工时经变速机构或 直接由主电机驱动。 在钻铣力:工时该主轴与一个 C ^分度伺服机构 (16)结合并由它驱动。 主轴还与一八 C'轴码 s联动以确定主 ¾的角度 或用以加工螺紋。
主轴也可不安装单独的分度伺服机构(16),而由主电机和 C'轴码 盘来实现 C轴的伺服控制。
主轴(12)的后部装有棒料送料机构(15)以实现自动送料。 但也可 不用(15),而利用机械手(19)实现槔料的自动拉出。
(20)是框形刀架,它下部制有 X 向导轨(9 ) ,可以在滑台(8)上部 的 X 向导轨上滑动,并由 X轴伺服机构(10)控制移动或定位。 滑台前 部,与 X导轨垂直地制有 Υ 向滑动靣,可以在床身前部的 Υ导轨(5) 上上下滑动,并由 U轴伺服机构(7)控制移动或定位。
在床头箱(11)上,装有一 刀具洌量传感器(17),它可以绕轴转动 (或伸缩),在加工时它们牌不纺碍加工的位置,而在测量时,它们将向 下转动(或伸到)测量位置。 它们的转动(或伸缩)可以用油缸、气缸、或 电动装置实现。 刀具测量传慼器(17)用于自动测量并确定刀刃和刀尖 的位置,以简化刀具安装调整的过程。
上述各直线运动伺服机构由滾珠丝杠 +步进电机或由滾珠丝杠 + 伺服电机 +直线或回转位置反饋装置构成,分度伺服机构由分离锅轮 付 +步进电机或由分度蜗轮付 +伺服电机 +回转位置反馈装置构成, 上述导轨和滑动面可以是带或不带塑料贴面的普通滑动导轨付, 静压导轨付,或流动导轨付。
图 1右侧是框形刀架(20)的另两个视图。
框形刀架采用 U形结构,下边框(31 )底部制有 X导轨,上部制有 圆弧 T形槽,右边框(40)也固定在其上。 左边框是一个可回转多轴箱 ( 32 ),其上装有一排 5个旋转刀具主轴(33),5个主轴由同一个电机 (35)驱动,各轴转遝自下而上逐级降低,这些主轴用于安装钻头,丝攻, 铰刀,镗刀,指型铣刀等。最上一个主轴(34)上可装一根长刀杆(38),其 上可装 1-4把铣刀,如锯片铣刀,三面刃铣刀,齿轮铣刀,角度铣刀,以 及滚齿刀等。以便在工件外圆或端面上加工沟,槽,平面,以及加工花鍵 轴,直齿圆柱或圆锥齿轮。 为了能用滚齿刀滾削齿轮或蜗轮,主轴(34) 上应安装一个 Q轴码盘,或经传动机构与一个 Q轴码盘联动。 该码盘 也可以是一个光电或电磁的旋转脉冲发生器,松开螺母(44)和(45),多 轴箱(32)可以绕心轴(36)回转,以便加工对 Z轴成某一角度的孔或型 面,或加工螺旋齿轮,或用滾齿刀滾削齿轮。(37)是刀杆支座,它可固定 在左边框(40)上部的 T形槽中,多轴箱回转的角度用一个角度指示器 (54)指示。
右边框(40)是一个车刀架,其上自上而 安装一排 7把径向固定 刀具(41),如外 E车刀,刨刀,压光刀,滾花刀,外圆珩磨工具等。 一排 6 把轴向固定刀具(42) ,如内孔车刀,钻头,绞刀,丝攻,板牙,插刀等。 (43)是一个工件测量传感器。 用于即时测量所加工工件的实际尺寸。
本加工中心适合于用棒料或短毛坯进行加工。 为实现短毛坯自动 上料,在框形刀架上装有一个工件装卸和翻转机构手(19),上料时,手 爪向 X-Y方向移动并夹取供料器中的一个毛坯,再移动到对准第一主 轴,第一主轴卡盘张开, Z向移向工件,把工件夹住。然后(19)的手爪张 开并退出。
该机械手也可用于夹取已加工好一端的工件,把它翻转 180度,再 让工件主轴夹具夹取,以便继续工件第二端的加工.但这只适合于用短 毛坯加工的工件。 该机械手还可从主轴卡盘上取下成品送至出料槽。 该机械手上装有至少两对手爪,每对分別由油缸驱动同步相向移 动以夹住台阶形或锥形工^ ,并保持工件直径不同轴心线不变,机械手 装在一个^转机构(21 )上,翻转机构(21 )保 ϋ机械手将工件准确翻转 180度。 翻转机构用油缸,也可用气缸或电机驱动。
由于刀具平行布置,在保证刀具与工件之间不发生干涉的情况下, 每把刀具^ 空间十分有隈。
框形刀架的外形尺寸主要取决于旋转刀具主轴的数量和间距。 间 距 S1 与工 最大直径 D及刀具平行直径 d有关,一般 Sl = D + d + δΐ ,δΐ是工件位于两刀之间时,与两刀之间隙之和。 因此设计时可按不 等距布置,安装小直径高速刀具的主轴之间距离可小些,而安装大直径 低速刀具的主轴之间距离应大些。 当 D= 60mm , d = 20mm,δ= 5mm 时, Sl = 85mm.
多把外 S3车刀在框形刀架上采取早行排列方式,因而具有较高的 空间利用率,如外圆车刀径向进给方向对刀具排列方向垂直,即采用第 一种排列方式,两刀之间最小距离可为 S2 = D/2 + B + S2,B为车刀的 厚度,δ2是第一把刀在切削工件时,工件与第二把刀之间隙。 当 D = 60mm ,B = 15mm ,δ = 5mm 时, S2 = 50mm。
但如外圆车刀水早排列,用上述方法安装的外圆车刀在切削时不 便于观察。 为便于观察,可采用第二种排列方式,即平行排列的斜立棱 柱形车刀,在高速钢棱柱刀杆的顶部磨出前角,或在刀杆顶部安装硬质 合金刀片。 切削时径向进刀方向为水平方向,不佢便于观察,也便于车 刀的刃磨和更换。 此时两刀之间最小距离应为 S3 = D+B+S。 当 0= 60mm ,B= 15mm , δ = 5mm 时, S3 = 80mm。
如需要安装更多的刀具,可采取第三种排列方式,即每两把刀背对 背安装的方法,形成 V字型排列。 刀座可背对背安装两 ¾高速钢棱柱 车刀,刀杆可在顶部背对背安装 片硬质合金刀片。此时背对背两刀之 间距离为 S4 = D/2 + B + S,靣对靣两刀之间距离为 S5 = D + S ,平均距 离为 56= ( 1«50 + 8 + 25) /2。 在上述条件下 S6 = 60mm。
图 1框形刀架上的旋转刀具主轴可以通过传动***由共同的能自 动变速的动力驱动,也可每个主轴由单独的带减速器的动力驱动。还可 以制成标准外径的主轴一减速器一动力组件。
图 1 的车铣加工中心的缺点是只能在旋转刀具轴线对工件轴线垂 直,平行,倾斜三种加工方式中选择一种进行加工,适于较简单的工件。
考虑到机械零件在车削后所需的钻铣加工大部分是刀具轴线对工 件轴线垂直和平行的加工,所以图 2 车铣中心的框形刀架采用了一种 B字形结构,在其上边框(47 )上设置了一排 4个对工件轴线垂直的旋 转刀具主轴,在中边框上设置了一排 4个对工件轴线平行的旋转刀具 主轴,这样工件上需要用对工件轴线垂直和平行的旋转刀具加二的孔 和型面可以一次完成。 另外在上边框(47 )的右端还可加装一个可绕 A 轴回转的刀具主轴(34),(34)中可安装一个长刀杆(38)以便安装滚齿 刀、盘形铣刀等进行滾齿或铣螺旋槽等加工。 另外在左边框上沿 Y轴 可安装一排 5把外圆车刀(41 ),在中边框的下边沿 X轴可安装一排 5 把内孔车刀和其它内孔刀具(42 ) ,其中可包括插刀。动力电机(35)装在 框形刀架的下部,所以可以采用较大的功率。 由于机械手(19 )可以回 转,所以可釆用水平盘状供料装置(22 ) ,它使非圆柱形的二件毛坯 (23 ),如圆锥形,台阶形的毛坯等都能以垂直状态交机械手(19 )夹取。 供料装置(22 )也可用传送带代替。
与图 2车铣中心的框形刀架类似,图 3A是一种釆用主轴一减速 器一动力组件的框形刀架,其上边框(47)上制有一排安装孔,其中装有 对工件轴线垂直的主轴一减速器一动力组件,框形刀架的左边框(52 ) 装有一排对 Z轴平行的主轴一减速器一动力组件。 每个组件由标准的 主轴总成(48)或(49 ) ,减速箱(50),和动力(51 )装配而成,使用时可按 工作需要进行组合,以达到要求的转速、力矩和性能。动力可以是电机, 或气动马达,或液压马达。
图 3B是在图 2框形刀架的基础上增加了一个可回转多轴葙,以 便加工对工件轴线倾斜的复杂型孔或型面,或加工螺旋槽或螺旋齿轮。 可回转多轴箱(32)的上下端通过同轴的回转面与框形刀架的固定部分 配合,操纵夹紧机构(44)、(32 )可绕对 Y轴平行的轴线转动,或锁定在 某一角度,指示器(54)用于指示多轴箱偏离对工件垂直位置的角度。在 主轴(34)上装有一个与控制***连接的 Q轴码盘,以便用安装在主轴 (34)上的滾齿刀滾削齿轮或花鍵轴。 Q轴码盘也可通过传动机构与主 轴(34)联动。
车刀座(46)上装有外! II车刀(41) , (42)是内孔刀具,(43)是工件测 量传感器,用于测量加工中的工件。
如釆用二主轴,可在框形刀架的另一靣安装后车刀座(57) ,其上装 有用于车削第二主轴上工件的外圆车刀(55 ) ,和内孔车刀(56)。
后车刀座(57)比前车刀座(46)短,目的在允许第二主轴向前伸夹 取第一主轴上将被切断的工件。
可回转多轴箱(32)上的 4个旋转刀具主轴和右边框的 4个轴线对 Z轴平行的旋转刀具主轴(33)的两端都有装刀锥孔或刀具夹头(58), 以便加工两个主轴上的工件。
(176)是用于测量第二主轴上的工件的测量传感器。
图 1 图 2的车铣加工中心除了能完成一般车削加工以外,利用 C'-
Z-X轴插补可车削锥螺紋;利用 c'-x轴插补可车削凸轮或铲齿;
所安装的旋转刀具除了一般型孔型面的加工外,利用 C-Y (或 X) 轴插补可铣削端面凸轮;利用 C-Z轴插补可铣削柱面凸轮;利用 C-Y 轴插补, z轴联动可雕刻三维曲面。
利用主轴 C分度伺服机构能自动铣削直齿圆柱齿轮,花键轴等。 如再配合 Z-Y轴插补联动,还能自动铣削直齿 [U锥齿轮。
利用 Q-C联动,还可用滾齿刀滾削直齿或螵旋齿圆柱齿轮,花鍵 轴,或用蜗轮滾刀加工蜗轮,利用 Q-C-Y联动,还可用飞刀加工蜗轮。
图 2的车铣加工中心缺点是:如对工件轴线垂直的,或平行的,或 倾斜的型孔型面比较复杂,比如工件上有三个不同尺寸的对工件轴线 垂直的台阶螺孔,则 5〜6把对 Z轴垂直的旋转刀具就可能不够用。 另 外,三个多轴箱上可能不得不安装三到四组同样的旋转刀具。
这一缺点可以通过在框形刀架上加装一个用于驱动可回转多轴箱 回转的 A轴伺服机构来克服。 A轴伺服机构按照加工中心的控制程 序,驱动可回转多轴箱的转角。这样可回转多轴箱上的每个刀具可以用 于对工件的每个角度的加工,而可以用一个可回转多轴箱代替图 3B 中框形刀架上的两到三个多轴箱。 另外绕可回转多轴箱的回转轴线可布置一排,两排,甚至多排旋转 刀具,从而縮小了体积,又数倍增加了可用旋转刀具的数量。
图 4框形刀架的上框边是一个可回转多轴箱(32),它的左右两端 制有同轴的回转面,与框架上的回转面吻合,因而可以绕平行于 X轴 的轴线回转,其回转由一个 A轴伺服机构(66)控制。 液压(或电动)夹 紧机构(68)用于把多轴箱(32)锁定在设定角度。
可回转多轴箱(32)上共有 6个安装旋转刀具的主轴(33 ),各主轴 轴线相互平行,而且排成一行。 这些主轴两端都带有刀具夹头,这样共 可安装 12把旋转刀具,每把刀具都皮肤垂直地,平行地或倾斜地对工 件的两端进行加工。
如需要使用更多的旋转刀具,还可以在回转多轴箱上与己有主轴 (33)垂直地安置主轴,这样最多可安装 24把旋转刀具,或可缩短多轴 箱(32)和框形刀架的长度。
为了能用 ¾齿刀加工齿轮,多轴箱(32)上应至少有一个主轴(34) 装有一个 Q轴码盘或脉冲发生器(65)或通过传动机构与一个 Q轴码 盘或脉冲发生器联动。
框形刀架在左框边是一个轴向刀具座,其前后两面各可安装多至 10把固定轴向刀具 2),(56)。
框形刀架的下框边前后是两个径向刀具座,前刀座可安装 8把外 圆车刀(41 ),后刀座可安装 6把外圆车刀(55)。 后刀座上装刀较少,目 的是允许第.二主轴前伸夹住将要切断的第一主轴上的工件。
(59)是工件测量传感器,用以测量两个主轴上的已加工工件的实 际尺寸并对所用刀具的定位数据进行校正。
也可在框形刀架固定框边安装工件测量传感器(43),它们具有更 小的测量误差,但不能测量工件外圆上的孔和凹面。
(99)是主轴夹具库,用于放置工件主轴夹头或螺母,后者用于把半 成品工件固定在第二主轴上的心轴上。
图 5是采用本框形刀架的双主轴车铣加工中心,
图中,床身(1 )中部装有垂直 Y导轨(5),左右装有同向的水平 Z . Z1 导轨(2),(70)。 第一床头箱(11 )底部有滑动面(3),可在 Z导轨(2) 上滑动,且由 Z轴伺服机构(4)控制其定位和移动,第二床头箱(73)底 部滑动面(71 ),可在 Z1导轨(70)上滑动,且由 Z1轴伺服机构(72)控制 其定位和移动。
( 20)是框形刀架,其各框边平行于 X,Y轴,框架底部有 X导轨 (9),可在滑动(8)顶部的 X向滑动面上滑动。 并由 X向伺服机构(10) 控制移动和定位。 滑动(8)两侧,与 X向导轨垂直地装有 Υ向滑动面 (6),可以在床身中部的 Υ导轨(5)上上下滑动,并由 Υ轴伺服机构(7) 控制定位和移动。
第一床头箱中装有第一主轴(12)。 其轴线对 Ζ轴平行。 该主轴在 车削加工时由主电机(68)驱动,在钻铣加工时与一个 C轴分度伺服机 构(16)结合。 第一主轴还经传动机构与一个 C'轴码盘联动用以确定主 轴的角度或加工螺紋。
第一主轴也可不用单独的分度伺服机构(16),而由主轴电机和 C' 轴码盘来实现 C轴闭环伺服控制,
第一主轴的后部装有一个棒料送料机构(15)以实现自动送料, 第二床头箱中装有轴线对 Ζ轴平行的第二主轴(76),该主轴在车 削加工时由主电机驱动,在钻铣加工时由 C1轴分度伺服机构(74)驱 动。 第二主轴也与一个 C1'轴码盘联动。
如工件的第二端只须车削加工,第二主轴可以省略 C1 分度伺服 机构,
第二主轴的后部装有一个工件顶出装置(77),用以把已完成的工 件自动顶出工件夹具(76),
第一和第二床头箱上各装有一个可转动(或可伸缩)的刀具测量传 感器(17),(75),
本车铣加工中心与以上实施例相比,除具有前者全部能力外,由于 具有数倍于前者的可用刀具,能加工前者所不能加工的更为复杂的工 件。 而且在加工不同的另件时,更换和重调刀具的必要性也大为减小。
第二主轴适合于以棒料和以短毛坯为原料的工件第二端的加工, 并对第一主轴上另件己加工部分的装夹定位有较高的精度。
对于一些必须以圆柱孔,圆锥孔,花鍵孔装夹定位来加工第二端的 工件,可以先在第二主轴上加工好所需的心轴,再把第一主轴上加工好 一端(包括内孔)的工件插到第二主轴的心轴上,最后拧入预先放在框 形刀架夹具库(99)中的螺母夹紧。全部过程可在程序控制下自动完成。
本车铣加工中心也适亍加工毛坯尺寸所能包容的非回转小型复杂 工件,如小型箱体,机架,连杆,模具,浆叶等。
其车削能力相当于一台双主轴车削中心;
其钻铣能力相当于一台 5坐标钻铣加二中心;
其测量工件的能力相当于 5坐标测量机。
图 6是一种多功能加工中心,它除了以上各实施例的全部车,钻, 铣加工能力以外,还增加了插齿,磨削,淬火,型孔拉削,锥齿轮刨齿等 功能。
图中,框形刀架(20)垂直布置,其右框底部装有两根导轨(9),可在 滑台(8)的垂直 X向滾珠滑块中滑动, X轴伺服***(10)控制框形刀 架的升降。滑台(8)底部装有水平 Y向滾珠滑块(6),可在床身(1)中部 的水平 Y向导轨(5)上滑动, Y轴伺服***(7)控制其移动。 第一床头 箱(11 )底部装有与主轴平行的滾珠滑块(3),可在床身左側的水平 Z 导轨(2)上滑动, Z轴伺服***(4)控制第一床头箱的移动。第二床头箱 (73)底部装有与主轴平行的滾珠滑块(71 ),可在床身右侧的水平 Z1导 轨(70)上滑动, Z1轴伺服***(72)控制第二床头箱的移动。 床身外侧 装有一个拉削装置(82),(88)是一个拉刀循环机构。整个工件区由外軍 (80)封闭。 (62)是供应短毛坯的供料槽,(63)是成品出料槽。
第一第二床头箱上装有可伸缩(或可转动)的刀具测量传感器 (17),(75),其中一个床头箱上还装有一个可伸缩(或可转动)的砂轮修 整器(81),用于对工具框架上的大小砂轮进行修整。并在不修正时收缩 (或回转)到不影响加工的位置。 砂轮修正器的转动或收缩可由一个电 动机构,液压缸,或气缸驱动。
拉削装置(82)外部制有燕尾,可在床身前部的 Z向燕尾导轨(85 ) 中滑动,(83)是一个结合装置,可把拉削装置(82)和第二床头箱连结以 便用 Z1伺服机构控制拉削装置的轴向位置。 (100)是液压缸,(101 )是 活塞拉杆,(84)是工件支承座,(102)是拉刀夹头,(103 )是夹头外套, (87)是拉刀循环机构的刀尾夹头。 ,
拉削工作过程: A.拉刀夹头(102)被活塞拉杆推到最左端,夹头外 套(103)被工件支座(84)的内表面压缩,夹头(102)内的锁块(105)缩 回,使拉刀(86)头部能自由出入夹头孔。 B.手爪(60)抓住一个工件放 到与拉削装置同轴的位置上。 C.结合装置(83)把拉削装置与第二床头 箱连结,并使其移动到工件支座与工件接触。 D.刀尾夹头(87)带着拉 刀右移,使拉刀头部通过工件孔,并***拉刀夹头(102)孔中。 E.活塞 拉杆右移,夹头外套(103)被弹簧推出,使锁块(105)内伸,制止拉刀脱 出,进行拉削,直到拉刀通过工件。 F.手爪取走工件。 G.拉刀夹头 ( 102)向左送出拉刀,把拉刀尾部***刀尾夹头(87)孔中,并使夹头外 套被工件支座内表面压缩。 H.刀尾夹头(87)带拉刀左移到起始位置。
至此一个工件的拉削循环完成。
图 7是它所用的框形刀架及拉削装置的放大图。
在该框形刀架的可回转多轴箱内装有一个插齿头(94),它由売体
(110),滑柱(111),分度蜗轮付(120),(121),滑柱往复机构等构成,滑 柱(111 ),两端各制有刀具安装孔,以便安装两把不同的插齿刀对工件 进行加工。分度蜗轮付(120) (121)由一个 S轴伺服电机(95)驱动,以便 实现插齿刀对工件 C轴的同步展成运动。 亮体与可回转多轴箱之间装 有轴承(125) (126) ,该轴承为直线轴承,以便使充体相对可回转多轴箱 滑动,以形成让刀运动,或者(125) (126)为普通回转轴承,但相对滑柱
(111)轴线偏心安装,以利用壳体(110)的摆动而形成让刀运动。滑柱的 往复运动和充体的让刀运动可以由电动机构,或液压缸,或气缸驱动。
除了内齿轮,台阶齿轮的加工以外,利用 Y- C-S轴插补,本插齿头 还可以加工非圆齿轮,利用 S-X轴插补,还可以加工短齿条。停住 S轴 伺服电机(95),并安装单头插刀,还可插削内孔鍵槽。
该框形刀架上装有淬火装置,以便对工件在车铣加工后,精磨前进 行淬火。 淬火装置可以是高频淬火线圏,或是激光发射头。
激光发射头(91)安装在可回转多轴箱上。 激光器(90)可安装在框 形刀架上,利用反射镜组把激光束引至激光发射头(91)射出。
激光发射头上可加各种附件,如加一反射镜,使激光束直角射出, 就能淬火工件内孔。
除对工件进行淬火外,通过调制激光功率和频率,及更换不同的激 光发射头还可进行切割,钻孔,焊接,打标,刻字等工作。
激光发射头和工作之间的相对位置可由 5个轴控制,而能实现复 杂表面的加工。
在框形刀架的可回转多轴箱(32)上装有大砂轮磨头(92)和小砂轮 磨头(93) ,以便能进行磨削加工。
大小砂轮磨头可由单独的动力驱动,动力可以是电机或气动马达。 利用床头箱上安装的砂轮修正器(81 ),能对砂轮自动进行修正, 安装大小砂轮磨头后本加工中心相当干一台五座标数控磨床,除 能一次磨削内外圆柱圆锥面外,利用 C-Y和 CL-Y轴插补,可以磨削 外内凸轮,端面凸轮,利用 C-Z或 C1-Z1轴插补,可以磨削柱面凸轮,利 用 X-Y轴插补,可以磨削曲面;利用 X-Z轴插补, Y轴联动,或 X-Y轴 插补, Z轴联动,可以行星磨削座标孔,或模具曲线。
由于利用 Y—Z插补,可以对砂轮进行斜线或曲线修正,这样,结 合 C ,Z ,X ,Y轴插补功能,本加工中心还可磨削更为复杂的规律曲面。
如利用 C或 C1轴分度,可以仿形磨削花鍵或齿轮,利用 C或 C1轴 分度, C-X或 C X轴插补,可以展成磨削齿轮,利用 C- Z或 C1-Z1插 补,可以磨螺紋,利用 C-X或 插补,可以铲磨铣刀,利用 C-X- Z或 C1-X-Z1插补,可以铲磨滚齿刀,丝锥等等。
在可回转多轴箱上还可安装一个锥齿轮刨齿头或一个锥齿轮铣齿 头,以便用展成法加工较精密的锥齿轮。
手爪(60)用于夹取供料槽上(62)上的毛坯送到第一主轴卡盘,或 者把第一主轴上的半成品工件送到拉削装置(82)的工作位置,以及把 经过拉削加工的工件送回第一主轴卡盘或第二主轴卡盘或套装到第二 主轴上的心轴上。
(99)是制在框形刀架上的夹具厍,它可以旋转顶尖、外圆或内孔夹 头,以及各种用于空心二件安装到第二主轴的专用心轴上的螺母组件 (174)。
图 8是机械驱动插齿头的一种实施方案。 壳体(110)通过其两端的直线轴承(125 126)安装在可回转多轴 箱的箱体(32)中,(125)或(126)的内外环(127),(128)相对的一面制有 平行的滾道,使插齿头能相对多轴箱(32)作无隙的直线让刀滑动。滑柱 (111)右端在滑套(114)孔中可以滑动也可以转动,其左端分度蜗轮 (122)间通过 '滚珠花鍵(112)联结。 花键套(113)与滑柱(111)之间以锥 面联接,并通过调整螺母(115)和套(116)来改变花鍵套的外径以实现 无隙传动。 分度蜗杆(120)与一个 S轴伺服电机(95)联动。 环(117) 通过滾珠(118)安装在滑柱上形成一个双向推力轴承。 摆杆(134)可绕 其一端的轴(136)摆动,其另一端有一个拨销(135)插在滾环(117)的环 沟中。 齿轮轴(130)与可回转多轴箱内的动力传动***啮合。 (130)的 偏心孔中装有一个轴(131),其一端有一个带偏心销的圆盘,另一端带 有螵紋,其偏心销上套有一个滑块(133),滑块(133)在摆杆(134)的直 槽内滑动。
松开螺母(132),轴(131 )可以转动以便调节滑柱行程的大小。 轴 (131)的下端圆盘背面和齿轮轴(130)的凹面上都制有齿紋以便把轴 (131)可靠固定。
充体(110)上装有一个小轴承(137) ,弹费(139)强迫壳体(110)上 移,并把轴承(137)压向齿轮轴(130)下端面的凸轮上。 当齿轮轴转动, 滑杆(111)开始正向行程时,凸轮把充体下推一固定距离(0. 5-lmm) , 而当滑杆开始反向行程时,凸轮面变低,弹簧(139)把売体拉回,实现让 刀运动。
用另一端的刀具插齿时,齿轮轴(130)的转向应相反。
锥齿轮刨齿头的实施方案之一是利用插齿头的分度机构,在插齿 头上附加一个锥齿轮刨齿附件来实现直齿锥齿轮加工。
图 8中,(140)是锥齿轮刨齿附件的摇台,可它安装在插齿头的分 度蜗轮芯(122 )的端面,其上装有左右导轨(145 ),(146 )左右滑块 (147) , ( 148)可在左右导轨上滑动,左右刨刀(151 ) , (152)通过刀座 (149),(150)安装在左右滑块上。 左右滑块的内侧面都制有齿条,两个 齿条都与中心齿轮(141 )啮合。 中心齿轮通过轴承(U2 )装在摇台 ( 140)中心,其另一端制有一个大导程螺杆,与螵套(143)配合,螺套 (143)外是锥面,用内六角螺钉(144)安装在滑柱(111 )左端的装刀孔 中。
当滑柱往复运动时,螺套(143)迫使螺杆及齿轮(141 )往复转动,并 经齿条带动左右滑块(147),(148)并左右刨刀(151 ),(152)往复运动, 实现切齿。
刨齿时必须停住插齿头的让刀运动,为此在多轴箱体(32)上装有 一个推杆(图中未画出),用手或利用工件主轴推动此推杆,推杆即通过 其上的斜面把插齿头売体(110)推离凸轮面并固定。
锥齿轮切齿头的实施方案之二是在可回转多轴箱上装有一个公用 的回转接盘,它由一个 T轴分度伺服机构驱动,回转接盘的中心可装 一个动力传动轴,一个锥齿轮刨齿附件或一个锥齿轮铣齿附件可安装 在回转接盘上并从动力传动轴荻得动力。
锥齿轮切齿头的实施方案之三是在可回转多轴箱上制有一个公用 的安装面,安装面的中心有一个动力传动轴,一个锥齿轮刨齿头或一个 锥齿轮铣齿头(165)可安装在其上并从动力传动轴获得动力,它们各带 有一个驱动摇台回转的 T轴分度伺服机构。
第二,第三方案中,动力也可从自带的动力源获得。 自带的动力源 可以是电动的,或液压的,或是气动的。
图 9和图 10的两种框形刀架是图 7框形刀架的变形。
图 9中,可回转多轴箱上相隔 90度地装有 4排,共 16个旋转刀具 主轴,并装有一个插削头(166) ,该插削头滑柱两端都可安装刀具。 (168)是一把刨刀,刀头装在一个抬刀机构上,抬刀机构能绕滑柱轴线 回转并固定在某角度。 利用该刨刀能在工件上以任意角度刨削型面。 (167)是一把内孔插刀,可以插削圆孔或锥孔鍵槽,花鍵槽或多种型面。 (165)是一个锥齿轮刨齿头,或是一个弧齿锥齿轮铣齿头,它们带有一 个驱动其摇台回转的 T轴分度伺服机构,刀具运动的动力可从可回转 多轴箱内部获得,或从自带的动力源获得。 (94)是一个插齿头,其充体 通过轴承(125 126)装在框形刀架的固定部分。 让刀运动利用(94)的 摆动形成。 (170)是滑柱行程调整机构。 (169 )是高频淬火线圈。 (171)是一个可弯曲的供料槽,其上端固定,下端出口(173)安装在框形 刀架上,(173)后部有一个顶料机构(172),用于把毛坯顶出。 (41)是平 行排列的斜立棱柱形车刀。
图 10中,可回转多轴箱上不安装锥齿轮切齿头,但装有 4排,共 24个旋转刀具主轴,另外装有一个激光发射头(91 ),激光器(90)装在 框形刀架固定部分。插齿头(94)通过前后轴承安装在固定框架内部,可 防止杂物进入插齿头内部。插齿头的滑柱对前后轴承偏心,因而可利用 插齿头的摆动形成让刀运动。 插齿刀往复运动和壳体的摆动由动力 (177)驱动。 车刀(41 )采用背对背 V型排列的型式。
上述实施例,还可以根据工业生产实际的不同要求进行变更,得出 不同的实用布局方案。
如图 7的框形刀架上,旋转刀具主轴和插齿头都安装在可回转多 轴箱上,所有旋转刀具和两把插齿刀都可回转到不同工件对工件两端 进行加工,刀具利用率较高,但增加的 A轴自由度对刀具的定位精度 会有影响。 因此为加工某些高精度的工件,可以除可回转多轴箱之外, 在固定边框上安装对 Z轴垂直的和对 Z轴平行的旋转刀具主轴,插齿 头也可安装在固定边框上。 甚至安装两个或两个以上插齿头以插削内 外齿轮或不同模数的齿轮。
为安装更多的刀具和切削头,框形刀架的结构可以釆用 EJ字形,或 目字形。
框形刀架在机床上的布置可以是水平的,或垂直的,或倾斜的。 较长的工件要用顶尖顶着一端进行加工,所以为加工较长的工件, 应使工具框架沿 Z导轨滑动。
图 11车铣中心的框形刀架(20)通过 X-Y十字滑块(8)和 Y- Z滑 台(163)床身的 Z导轨上滑动,因此能加工较长的工件。
图中,床头箱(11 )和床身固定在一起,(16)是工件主轴(12 )的 C1 轴分度伺服机构。 滑台(163)由 Z轴伺服机构(4)控制,在床身(1)的 Z 导轨(2)上滑动。滑台(163)上有对 Z导轨垂直的 Y向铅垂导轨(5),X- Y十字滑块(8)由 Y轴伺服机构(7)控制,可在滑台(163)上的导轨(5 ) 上上下滑动。 框形刀架(20)以其恻面的水平 X导轨(9)可在 X- Y十字 滑块(8)的滑动面中滑动,并受 X轴伺服机构(10)控制。 尾架(73)的内 侧面也制有滑动面,可在床身的 Zl导轨(70)上滑动,并由 Zl轴伺服机 构(72)控制移动。
框形刀架(20)采用 U形结构以便于长工件的装卸,可回转多轴箱 (32)上可安装 8把旋转刀具,包括滾齿刀,如需要可增至 16把。所有旋 转刀具由电机(35)驱动。 可回转多轴箱(32)由 A轴伺服机构(66)控制 回转,(99)是工件主轴夹具库,它是制在框形刀架边框上的孔穴,其中 可放置旋转顶尖和内外圆可换夹具。 以使主轴能在加工过程中目动更 换工件夹具和顶尖等。
如工件的第二端也要加工,则要用第二床头箱及第二主轴代替尾 架。 如第二端只需车削加工,则可以省略第二主轴 C1轴伺服***。
图 12是一种简易的双主轴车铣加工中心。
图中,和床身一体的床头箱(11 )的顶部制有与 Z轴平行的 Z1 导 轨,其中安装了一个滑枕(160) ,滑枕的外端装有第二主轴(76),第二主 轴可以通过齿轮机构和传动轴与第一主轴刚性联动,因而省略了 C1轴 分度伺服机构。 滑枕可由一个 Z1轴伺服机构驱动,但也可由一个筒易 的推拉机构推动,该推拉机构或把第二主轴推向外端加工位置,或把第 二主轴拉向第一主轴以夹取工件,(16)是第一主轴 C轴分度伺服机 构。 (15)是棒料推送机构。
为了减小主轴轴线到滑枕底部的距离,以提高第二主轴的刚性,框 形刀架(20)采用了 U型结构。 其左边是可回转多轴箱(32),其上间隔 90度地安装了 4组,每组 4个旋转刀具主轴,共可旋转刀具 16把。 (32)的回转由伺服机构(66)控制。 可回转多轴箱(32)上所有主轴由电 机(35)驱动。 右边框装有内外圆车刀(55 )左排四把,右排两把,前后向 内孔刀具各八把。(161)是第二主轴夹具夹紧油缸,(77)是工件顶出缸。
以上各实施例均只适合于加工直径较小的工件,如工件尺寸较大, 应釆用框形刀架固定在床身上,床头箱沿 Χ ,Υ ,Ζ三轴移动的布局。
以上所有实施方案,均可在电脑程序伺服控制下实现批量工件的 自动加工,为了便于单件复杂工件的加工,控制软件上应设计有电脑辅 助人工操作和部分自动加工的功能。
图 6所示的集成加工中心即为本发明最佳实施例。 工业应用性
本发明的优点是:
(1)篥己有车削中心、铣削加工中心、送料机器人以及淬火机床、拉 床、磨床、齿轮机床等的功能于一身,为一单机 CIMS。
(2)不需专门的换刀机构,即可使用足够多的刀具对工件进行多种 工序加工,不需昂贵的上料机器人即可实现短毛坯的自动上料和成品 的自动出料,体积小,构造简单,造价低。
与由多台加工中心组成的 CIMS相比,前者能在各台加工中心上 同时进行不同工序的加工,而本发明只能依次进行各工序的加工,但考 虑半成品的多次卸下、搬动、重装夹而带来的麻烦,本发明对多种小量 工件的优点就十分明显。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种机床,由床身、用于夹持工件并驱动其回转的工件主轴及其 床头箱、工件主轴的 C轴分度伺服机构、用于安装刀具、二具和切削装 置的框形刀架、以及实现所述床头箱和所述框形刀架之间的相对运动 的 Z轴、 X轴、 Y轴导轨付及其驱动机构等组成,其特征在于:所述框 形刀架上至少装有下列之一的旋转刀具主轴-
A,在所述框形刀架的能绕对 X或 Y轴平行的轴线回转的边框上 沿回转轴相互平行地装有至少一排、每排至少两把旋转刀具主轴,
B,在框形刀架的固定边框上相互平行地装有至少一排、每排至少 两个对 Z轴垂直的旋转刀具主轴,和至少一组、每组至少两个对 Z轴 平行的旋转刀具主轴,对 Z轴垂直的旋转刀具主轴沿 X或 Y轴排成一 行,对 Z轴平行的旋转刀具主轴可沿 X或 Y轴排成一行或数行或在 X-Y平面内排列,
C,以上两项的组合。
2.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述框形刀架上具有能 相互平行地安装至少一排、每排至少两把径向固定刀具(外圆车刀或刨 刀),和至少一组、每组至少两把轴向固定刀具(内孔车、钻、攻、纹刀或 插刀)的刀座,径向固定刀具沿 X或 Y轴排成一行,轴向固定刀具可沿 X或 Y轴排成一行或数行或在 X- Y平面内排列。
3.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述框形刀架上至少有 一个装有旋转刀具主轴的边框,即多轴箱,与框形刀架整体之间以回转 面连结,因而可回转,回转轴线平行于 X或 Y轴,框形刀架上还装有下 列之一的机构:
A,一个驱动可回转多轴箱(32)回转和定位的 A轴伺服机构(66), 和一个锁定可回转多轴箱的自动夹紧机构(68),
B,一个角度指示器(54)和一个手动夹紧机构(44)。
4.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述框形刀架上至少有 一个旋转刀具主轴装有一个 Q轴码盘(65)或与一个 Q轴码盘(65)连 动。
5.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述框形刀架上制有安 装孔,其中装有标准外径的主轴一减速器一动力组件,它由主轴组件 (48)和(49)、减速器(50)、动力(51)装配而成,动力为电机或气动马达 或液压马达。
6.按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于:所述 框形刀架上还装有至少一种下列工作装置-
A,用于支承长刀杆的刀杆支座(37) ,
B,用于安装砂轮的主轴(92)或(93),
C,上下料机械手,
D,激光发射头(91) ,
E,高频淬火线圈(169),
F,存放可换主轴夹具(174)的夹具库(99) ,
G,一个毛坯供料装置(171)的出料口(173),
H,插削头(166),
I,插齿头(94),其上装有一个驱动其分度机构的 S轴伺服机构 (95),
J,工件测量传感器,其安装位置为: a.—个工件测量传感器(59)安 装在可回转多轴箱(32)上, b.框形刀架固定部分(53)朝第一主轴方向 安装一个工件测量传感器 3) , c,框形刀架固定部分(53)朝第二主轴 方向安装一个工件测量传感器(176),d ,以上各项的任意组合。
7.按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于:与已 有床头箱相对地,在框形刀架的对面安置有一个第二床头箱及主第一 主轴同心的第二主轴,其安装形式为下列之一:
(A) 第二床头箱直接或间接地装在 Z导轨(2)或与 Z导轨平行的 Z1导轨上。
(B) 第二床头箱装在一个可在第一床头箱上的对 Z导轨平行的 Z1导轨滑动的滑枕(160)的前部。
8.按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在子:所述 床头箱上还装有可回转或可伸缩的下列之一的工具:
A.刀具测量传感器(17),B.砂轮修整器(81),C.以上各项的任意 组合。
9.按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于: 在床身或框形刀架上还装有一个型孔拉削装置以及一个拉刀自动 循环机构。
10.按权利要求 1或 6所述的机床,其特征在于:
所述插齿头滑柱(111)两端都制有装刀结构。
11.按权利要求 1或 6所述的机床,其特征在于:
所述插齿头的滑柱(111)和蜗轮芯(122)之间以滾珠花键连接,外 花键套(113)与滑柱(111)或内花键套与蜗轮芯(122)之间的接合面为 锥面。
12.按权利要求 1或 6所述的机床,其特征在于:
所述插齿头的充体(110)通过轴承(125) (126)安装到框形刀架的, 让刀运动通过下列措施之一实现: A.轴承(125),(126)为直线轴承,其 内外环(127) (128)相对的一面上制有平行滚道, B.轴承(125) (126)为 回转轴承,插齿头売体(110)上安装轴承(125) (126)的表面对滑柱 (111)轴线偏心。
13.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述可回转多轴箱上 装有锥齿轮切削装置,其构成为下列之一:
A.—个直齿维齿轮刨齿头或一个弧齿锥齿轮铣齿头(165)安装在 可回转多轴箱上的安装面上,并从装在该安装面中心的一个动力轴上, 或从单独的动力源获得动力。 该直齿锥齿轮刨齿头或弧齿锥齿轮铣齿 头上各装有一个用于驱动其摇台回转的电脑控制 T轴分度伺服机构。
B.在可回转多轴箱上装有一个由 T轴伺服机构驱动的分度转盘, 一个直齿锥齿轮刨齿附件或一个弧齿锥齿轮铣齿附件安装在上述分度 转盘上,动力从装在该分度转盘中心的一个动力轴上或从单独的动力 源荻得, A和 B项所述的单独的动力源可以是电机、液压马达或气动 马达,
C.一个可卸的直齿锥齿轮刨齿附件(140)-(153)装在插齿头(94) 的蜗轮芯(122)上,带有刨刀的左右滑块经齿条与齿轮(141 )联动, ( 141 )右端的大导程螺杆插在螺套(U3)孔中,螺套(143 )装在滑柱 (111)左端装刀孔中。
14.按权利要求 6所述的机床,其特征在于:所述机械手装在一个 回转机构(21)上。
15.按权利要求 6所述的机床,其特征在于:所述机械手上装有至 少两对分别由动力驱动同步相向动作的手爪。
16.按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述框形刀架由一段 到多段边框直角连接形成,其形状为一字形, L形, U形,口字形,曰字 形,目字形,以此类推。
经修改的权利要求
国际局收到曰: 1996年 7月 5日 (05.07.96);
对原始权利要求 1-4, 6和 16进行了修改, 增加权利要求
5, 其它权利要求不变(共 3页)
1. 一种机床,由床身,用于夹持工件并由动力驱动其高速回转的工件主轴 及装有该主轴的床头箱,成排地装有多把固定和旋转刀具的刀架,以及实现所述 床头箱和所述刀架之间沿平行于工件主轴中心线的 Z ¾ ,以及沿垂直于 Z轴并 相互垂直的 X轴、 Y轴相对运动的导轨付及其伺服驱动机构等组成,利用工件 主轴相对刀架在垂直于 Z轴的平面内的移动使工件能进入任一所选刀具的切 削平面而实现自动换刀,其特征在于:所述床头箱装有驱动工件主轴分度或低速 回转的 C轴伺服机构,所述刀架由固定边框和可回转部分(32)构成,固定边框 上装有至少一排对工件轴线平行的轴向固定刀具(42 )和至少一排对工件轴线垂 直或倾斜的径向固定刀具(41 ) ,回转部分(32)通过回转靣安装在固定边框上,因 而能相对固定边框回转,其回转轴 A轴平行于 X或 Y轴,其上装有旋转刀具主 轴(33)或(34),(33)或(34 )的轴线对 A轴垂直,并装有能把回转部分(32)锁定 在任意角度的锁定机构(44)或(68) ,以便加工任意角度的斜面斜孔或斜齿轮。
2. 按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述刀架的所述回转部分装有 至少一排旋转刀具主轴,其排列方向平行于 A轴,这些旋转刀具主轴按间隔 SI = D+d +Sl排列, D为工件最大直径, d为相邻两把刀具的平均直径,δΐ为工件 在上述刀具之间时与两把刀具的间隙之和,所述刀架上还装有 Α轴伺服机构, 以便驱动所述回转部分回转任意角度。
3. 按权利要求 1所述的机床,其特征在于:所述刀架的所述固定边框上还 装有至少一排对工件轴线平行的旋转刀具主轴和至少一排对工件轴线垂直的旋 转刀具主轴,这些旋转刀具主轴沿 X或 Y轴并按间隔 Sl = D+d +Sl排列,D为 工件最大直径, d为相邻两把刀具的平均直径, δΐ为工件在上述刀具之间时与两 把刀具的间隙之和。
4. 按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的杌床,其特征在于:所述刀架上 装***盘(65),它与至少一个旋转刀具主轴联动,该码盘通过控制电路和 C轴 伺服机构使工件主轴同步回转,以便用展成法滾削齿轮等。
5. 按杈利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于:所述刀架上 装有至少一个长刀杆支座(37) ,它与某旋转刀具主轴同轴,以便安装数把盘套型 刀具加工齿轮等工件。
6. 按权利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于:所述刀架上
-24- 修改页 (条约第 19条) 还装有至少一种下列工作装置:
A ,上下料机械手,
B,激光发射头(91) ,
C,高频淬火线團(169) ,
D,存放可换主轴夹具(174)的夹具库(99),
E,一个毛坯供料装置(171)的供料口(173) ,
F,插削头(166),
G,插齿头(94) ,其上有一个驱动插齿刀回转的 S轴分度伺服机构(95) , H,工件测量传感器(43)和 /或(176) ,
I ,以上各项的任意组合。
7. 按杈利要求 1或其下任一项杈利要求的机床,其特征在于:与 已有床头 箱相对地,在框形刀架的对面安置有一个第二床头箱及与第一主轴同心的第二 主轴,其安装形式为下列之一:
(A)第二床头箱直接或间接地装在 Z导轨(2)或与 Z导轴平行的 Z1 导轨 上;
(B)第二床头箱装在一个可在第一床头箱上的对 Z导轨平行的 Z1导轴滑 动的滑枕(160)的前部。
8. 按杈利要求 1或其下任一项权利要求的机床,其特征在于:所述床头箱 上还装有可回转或可伸缩的下列之一的工具:
A,刀具测量传感器(17) , B,砂轮修整器(81), C,以上各项之任意组合。
9. 按权利要求 1或其下任一项杈利要求的机床,其特征在于:在床身或框 形刀架上还装有一个型孔拉削装置以及一个拉刀自动循环机构。
10. 按权利要求 1或 6所述之机应,其特征在于:所述插齿头的滑柱(111 ) 两端都制有装刀结构。
II. 按杈利要求 1或 6所述之机床,其特征在于:所述插齿头的滑柱(111) 和蜗轮芯(122)之间以滾珠花键连接,外花鍵套(113)与滑柱(111)或内花键套与 蜗轮芯(122)之间的接合面为锥面。
12. 按杈利要求 1或 6所述之机床,其特征在于: 所述插齿头的売体(110) 通过轴承(125),(126)安装到框形刀架内,让刀运动通过下列措施之一实现: A , 轴承(125) , (126)为直线轴承,其内外环(127) (128)相对的一面上制有平行滾 道,Β,轴承(125) (126)为回转轴承,插齿头亮体(110)上安装轴承(125) (126)的 表面对滑柱(111)轴线偏心。
-25- 修改页 (条约第 19条)
13. 按权利要求 1所述之机床,其特征在于:所述刀架的可回转部分上装有 锥齿轮切齿装置,其构成为下列之一:
A. —个直齿锥齿轮刨齿头或一个弧齿锥齿轮铣齿头(165)安装在刀架可 回转部分的安装面上,并从装在该安装面中心的一个动力轴上,或从单独的动力 源获得动力。 该直齿锥齿轮刨齿头或弧齿锥齿轮铣齿头上各装有一个用于驱动 其摇台回转的电脑控制 T轴分度伺服机构;
B. 在刀架可回转部分上装有一个由 T轴伺服机构驱动的分度转盘,一个 直齿锥齿轮刨齿附件或一个弧齿锥齿轮铣齿附件安装在上述分度转盘上,动力 从装在该分度转盘中心的一个动力轴上或从单独的动力源获得,Α和 B项所述 之单独的动力源可以是电机,液压马达或气动马达;
C. 一个可卸的直齿锥齿轮刨齿附件(140)—(153)装在插齿头(94)的蜗轮 芯(122)上,带有刨刀的左右滑块经齿条与齿轮(141 )联动,(141 )右端的大导程 螺杆插在螺套(143)孔中,螺套(143)装在滑柱(111)左端装刀孔中。
Η. 按权利要求 1或 6所述之机床,其特征在于,所述机械手装在一个回转 机构(21)上。
15. 按权利要求 1或 6所述之机床,其特征在于,所述机械手上装有至少两 对分别由动力驱动同步相向动作的手爪。
16. 按杈利要求 1所述之机床,其特征在于,所述刀架是一段边框或由多段 边框直角连接形成框形,其形状为 L形,U形,口字形,日字形,目字形,以此类 推。
-26- 修改页 (条约第 1 9条)
PCT/CN1996/000011 1995-02-06 1996-02-06 Poste d'usinage polyvalent et peu encombrant WO1996024456A1 (fr)

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US08/875,867 US5885199A (en) 1996-02-06 1996-02-06 Compact machining center for multifunction
EP96902210A EP0810048A4 (en) 1995-02-06 1996-02-06 COMPACT MACHINING CENTER FOR DIFFERENT OPERATIONS

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CN95100746A CN1072541C (zh) 1995-02-06 1995-02-06 小型集成加工中心

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Cited By (16)

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EP0832716A2 (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-04-01 Nuova Trasmissione S.r.l. Numeric-control machine tool for turning and hobbing mechanical parts
EP0832716A3 (en) * 1996-09-26 1999-02-03 Nuova Trasmissione S.r.l. Numeric-control machine tool for turning and hobbing mechanical parts
US6079090A (en) * 1996-09-26 2000-06-27 Nuova Trasmissione S.R.L. Numeric-control machine tool for turning and hobbing mechanical parts
EP1291101A2 (de) * 2001-09-10 2003-03-12 Index-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Hahn & Tessky Werkzeugmaschine mit Werkstückspindel und Mehrfachwerkzeugträger
EP1291101A3 (de) * 2001-09-10 2003-05-02 Index-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Hahn & Tessky Werkzeugmaschine mit Werkstückspindel und Mehrfachwerkzeugträger
CN112846781B (zh) * 2021-01-11 2023-04-21 福建合盈机械有限公司 一种轴类零件加工用组合机床
CN112846781A (zh) * 2021-01-11 2021-05-28 张振兴 一种轴类零件加工用组合机床
CN112893943A (zh) * 2021-02-20 2021-06-04 周利鹏 一种可内部弧形加工的装置
CN112893943B (zh) * 2021-02-20 2024-04-19 深圳深联精工五金科技有限公司 一种可内部弧形加工的装置
CN113369558A (zh) * 2021-05-12 2021-09-10 苏州天钜格勒玛机床有限公司 一种高效精密立式加工中心
CN114346330A (zh) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-15 东莞市欣源昊五金技术有限公司 可自动让刀和复位的插齿、插槽动力头
CN114346330B (zh) * 2022-01-21 2022-12-06 东莞市欣源昊五金技术有限公司 可自动让刀和复位的插齿、插槽动力头
CN114536071A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-05-27 意特利(滁州)智能数控科技有限公司 一种换刀机构
CN114536071B (zh) * 2022-04-02 2023-01-24 意特利(滁州)智能数控科技有限公司 一种换刀机构
CN116262319A (zh) * 2022-12-08 2023-06-16 浙江杭机股份有限公司 一种磨铣复合加工中心
CN116262319B (zh) * 2022-12-08 2023-10-20 浙江杭机股份有限公司 一种磨铣复合加工中心

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