US9379441B2 - Very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system - Google Patents
Very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- US9379441B2 US9379441B2 US13/898,530 US201313898530A US9379441B2 US 9379441 B2 US9379441 B2 US 9379441B2 US 201313898530 A US201313898530 A US 201313898530A US 9379441 B2 US9379441 B2 US 9379441B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to antennae used in mobile/portable fixed and/or military applications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a broad band antenna system that provides an instantaneous bandwidth of about 500 Megahertz (MHz) between 30-512 MHz and additionally 300 to 2700 MHz high gain antenna function with an instantaneous bandwidth of 2500 MHz with a relatively low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and high gain, using one vehicular antenna mounting position.
- the antenna system provides a “VHF” portion and a L-Band portion that utilizes a low loss coaxial transmission line to pass through the VHF portion for connection to the antenna.
- electromagnetic communication systems employ broad bandwidth techniques, such as the so-called frequency-agile or frequency-hopping systems in which both the transmitter and receiver rapidly and frequently change communication frequencies within a broad frequency spectrum in a manner known to both units.
- antennas having multiple matching and/or tuning circuits must be switched, whether manually or electronically, with the instantaneous frequency used for communications.
- the user therefore has to use a plurality of antennas distributed all over the vehicle platform to be able to use the entire radio frequency spectrum.
- a method is needed to encompass all these antenna functions in a single antenna system occupying a single antenna mounting location.
- the challenge is to vertically stack one on top of the other, feed signals to each, and electrically isolate the entire assemblage of co-located antenna elements.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,855,693 entitled Wide Band Biconical Antenna With A Helical Feed System which is also incorporated herein by reference, describes an antenna with a 300 to 2700 MHz antenna function utilizing a helical feed system.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna system comprising a first antenna portion operating over a first range of frequencies, a second antenna portion operating over a second range of frequencies, and an antenna matching network receiving a transmission line comprising a single conductor and a coaxial cable, the coaxial cable having an inner conductor insulated from an outer conductor, wherein the first antenna portion is fed by the single conductor and the outer conductor, and the second antenna portion is fed by the inner conductor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna system made in accordance with the concepts of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is a detailed view of a coaxial cable used in the antenna system
- FIG. 2 is a detailed view of an antenna matching network utilized in the antenna system according to the concepts of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of a wide band tactical vehicular antenna system made in accordance with the concepts of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plot of both gain and VSWR for 30 to 512 to Hz for a first antenna portion of the antenna system according to the concepts of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plot of both gain and VSWR for 500 to 2500 Hz for a second antenna portion of the antenna system according to the concepts of the present invention.
- a very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system according to the concepts of the present invention is designated generally by the numeral 10 .
- the antenna system 10 is envisioned to be used with military vehicles or the like but it will be appreciated that the concepts of the disclosed antenna may be incorporated into any antenna system used on any type of platform.
- the antenna disclosed herein may be employed for ground-to-ground, ground-to-air communications and for satellite communication.
- the antenna system 10 includes three major components.
- An antenna matching network 12 is coupled to the electronic communications equipment (not shown) which is configured to emit and receive signals as appropriate. Extending from the network 12 is a VHF/UHF antenna portion 14 from which further extends a L-Band antenna portion 16 .
- the “VHF/UHF” portion of the antenna may use parallel inductor/capacitor or inductor/resistor networks and/or ferrite beads so as to obtain a desired performance.
- the antenna system provides for allowing a low loss coaxial transmission line to pass through a combination of networks consisting of either capacitor/inductor, resistor/inductor, or ferrite beads for connection to the L-Band antenna portion.
- the VHF/UHF band includes frequencies ranging from 30 to 512 MHz and the L-Band includes frequencies ranging from 500 to 2500 MHz.
- the above frequency bands may be enlarged or narrowed as needed for a particular end use.
- the antenna matching network 12 receives two inputs.
- the first input is a VHF/UHF input 20 and the second input is an L-Band input 22 .
- the input 20 is an insulated conductor 26 while the input 22 is a coaxial cable 30 .
- the coaxial cable 30 as seen in FIG. 1A , has an inner conductor 32 surrounded by an insulator 34 .
- an outer conductor 36 which may be in the form of a braid as shown as FIG. 1A , surrounds the insulator 34 .
- the outer conductor 36 may or may not have an insulating jacket that encloses the entire cable 30 . Skilled artisans will appreciate that the insulated conductor 26 and the coaxial cable 30 pass into the antenna matching network 12 .
- the antenna matching network 12 provides a housing 40 which includes a conductive ground portion 42 split or separated from an output portion 44 by a housing insulator 46 .
- the housing insulator 46 may be made of fiberglass or other insulating materials such that electrical signals cannot pass from the ground portion 42 to the output portion 44 .
- Maintained within the housing 40 is an unbalanced-unbalanced (unun) matching transformer 50 which connects the inputs 20 and 22 and their associated conductors to an output that will be discussed.
- the transformer 50 is a Guanella 1:4 unun transmission line transformer. The transformer 50 transforms the feed point impedances of the antenna to impedances that meet the VSWR operational requirements of the antenna system 10 .
- the transformer 50 includes a ferrite core 52 which is torroidal in shape.
- the ferrite core 52 has an opening 56 extending therethrough.
- a ground wire 62 is included within the antenna matching network 12 .
- the conductor 26 from the VHF/UHF input 20 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 36 of the input 22 .
- the ground wire 62 is also connected to the ground portion 42 .
- the ground wire 62 is inserted into the opening 56 and wrapped a selected number of times around the ferrite core 52 , connected to the outer conductor 36 as seen in FIG. 2 , and then re-connected to the ground portion 42 .
- the coaxial cable 30 and the electrically connected conductor 26 are inserted into the opening 56 and wrapped around the ferrite core 52 a selected number of times so as to obtain the desired electrical performance.
- the coaxial cable 30 then extends out the output portion 44 through an output port 64 .
- a coaxial output conductor 70 which is constructed the same as conductor 30 , extends from the output port 64 into the first antenna portion 14 .
- the output conductor 70 includes an inner conductor 72 , which effectively carries the L-Band signal, an insulator 74 surrounding the inner conductor 72 , and an outer conductor 76 surrounding the insulator 74 which carries the VHF/UHF band signal on its outer surface. It will be appreciated that the L-Band frequencies are effectively hidden from the operation of the VHF/UHF band and as such have no effect one way or the other on the operation of the first antenna portion 14 .
- the inner conductor 32 of the coaxial cable 30 is accessed via the “L-Band input Port” which allows an L-Band signal to transport to the top “L-Band Output Port”
- the outer conductor surface 36 of this same coaxial cable 30 provides for the original transformer function.
- the input VHF/UHF signal is applied to the VHF/UHF Input Port and attaches to the outside surface of the coaxial shield or outer conductor 36 with a simple solder junction.
- the “transformed” VHF/UHF signal on the outer conductor 36 is available at the top of the transformer windings and is attached to the top insulated conductor housing 44 of the housing body 40 .
- the top and bottom of the transformer housing 40 is separated by a necessary insulator 46 that isolates the bottom grounded portion 42 of the antenna 10 from the top of the impedance transformer 50 , this is necessary for the proper functioning of the VHF/UHF portion 14 of the antenna 10 .
- the passage of the L-Band signal and its attendant coaxial cable is “invisible” to the transformer 50 .
- the shock spring 80 serves to provide strain relief to the first and second antenna portions 14 , 16 so as to allow the antenna portions 14 , 16 to sway or be deflected during operation and to maintain the integrity of the connection between the various conductors and the associated electronic equipment.
- the VHF/UHF portion 14 of the antenna system 10 includes a hollow radiator 84 which is a tube-like configuration that internally receives the output conductor 70 .
- the radiator 84 is electrically conductive and may be made of a material such as brass.
- the outer conductor 76 is electrically connected to the radiator 84 and an electrical connection may be maintained internally within the tube by a secure solder connection and/or other mechanical-type connection that maintains electrical conductivity.
- the tank circuit 90 includes a cylindrically-shaped insulator 92 which is constructed of a non-conductive material.
- the output conductor 70 exits the radiator 84 and is helically wrapped a selected number of times around the insulator 92 so as to effectively form an inductor 94 .
- the inductor 94 is created by forming a coiled outer conductor 76 . Inclusion of a capacitor 96 with the inductor 94 creates the tank circuit 90 , wherein the capacitor 96 is connected in parallel across the coils formed around the cylindrical insulator 92 .
- the output conductor 70 is then received in another linear radiator 98 which is also constructed in a manner similar to the radiator 84 .
- Skilled artisans will appreciate that the coaxial cable leaving the top of the transformer housing passes through the tank circuit 90 .
- the coaxial cable 30 which contains the L-Band signal is used to form the inductor part of the tank circuit 90 by the use of its outside shield 36 as in the case of the transformer 50 described above.
- Tank circuits are used to isolate portions of the antenna when specific frequency bands are used. Skilled artisans will appreciate that the L-Band signals are not affected by the tank circuit 90 aside from a slight loss in the coiling of the conductor 70 .
- the outer conductor 36 of the coaxial cable 30 is also soldered to the entry and exit points of the radiators it traverses.
- a linear radiator 98 extends axially from the tank circuit 90 and is electrically connected to a heat dissipating ferrite/powder iron network 100 .
- the network 100 includes at least one ferrite core 102 axially disposed over the linear radiator 98 .
- the medium 104 may be configured in any number of ways and includes but is not limited to a heat-conductive paste, a heat-conductive tape, a ceramic tube comprising Beryllium-Oxide, or other such material that intervenes the space between the inside of the toroidal core and the outside of the antenna element to carry the heat to the radiator 98 which is usually a brass tube, which acts as an effective heat-sink over the entire length of the antenna.
- the heat dissipating medium also assists in positioning the core in a desired linear position from the transformer 50 .
- the proper heat dissipating medium type and thickness or gap is selected through an “iterative selection process” that minimizes parasitic side-effects while maximizing heat transfer effectiveness.
- the medium 104 may extend along the length of the radiator past the ends of the core or cores 102 . The extended length is believed to assist in further dissipating heat generated by the core 102 during operation of the antenna.
- an additional and separate outer heat dissipative medium 106 may be disposed over the core or cores 102 and the medium 104 .
- the medium 106 covers the outer diameter or surface of the core or cores 102 .
- the medium 106 is an adhesive and encapsulant-lined dual-wall shrink tube such as provided by Tyco Raychem.
- the tubing positions and protects the network from impact forces experienced with a tactical antenna of this type in its application.
- the outer heat dissipative medium 106 may be employed.
- the aforementioned iterative process consists of putting candidate networks with the associated heat dissipative structure into a transmission line test fixture connected to a Vector-Network Analyzer (VNA) calibrated to measure the “S21” transmission parameter.
- VNA Vector-Network Analyzer
- the fixture establishes a “stable” TEM01 radiation mode in the presence of the candidate network, allowing “curve-fitting” or matching of the candidate network to an ideal (computer-generated) transmission scatter parameter S21 of an “ideal” resistor-inductor.
- VNA Vector-Network Analyzer
- the refined optimization process described above has effectively eliminated the need for expensive solid brass heat sinks that are deployed over the length of the antenna 10 in the design of the prior art, and thus the need for labor intensive soldering to affix these heat sinks to the brass tubes making up the antenna 10 .
- This antenna 10 is thus simpler to build and very cost effective compared to the prior art.
- the antenna 10 provides near exact matching of the prior art antenna system if needed by the end user as shown in this application or, improved, performance over the prior art by allowing the optimization of sub-bands of frequencies within the overall bandwidth.
- the lower VHF band can be optimized compared to the higher UHF or visa-versa for both gain and VSWR (Matching) by establishing “target” antenna current profiles from antenna modeling software that model a desired far-field radiation pattern.
- the network 112 is configured in much the same manner as the network 100 and includes at least one ferrite core 114 and an inner heat dissipating medium 116 .
- An outer heat dissipating medium 118 may be disposed over the core or cores 114 and the medium 116 . In some embodiments, just the medium 118 may be disposed over the cores 114 .
- the networks 100 and 112 may be spaced apart and positioned a predetermined distance from one another so as to achieve the desired operational performance through precise antenna current control.
- any number of cores 102 , 114 could be used to obtain the desired operational performance.
- two cores of TDK (Garden City, N.Y.) HF 40 T are used for the network 100 and two cores of TDK HF 40 T are used for the network 112 .
- five cores of Amidon (Costa Mesa, Calif.) FT-61 are used for the network 100 and four cores of FT-61 are used for the network 112 .
- the composition of the ferrite beads is basically an iron oxide combined with a binder of compounds such as nickel, manganese, zinc or magnesium that make up each bead. Use of particular materials is selected based upon the desired operational properties of the antenna 10 .
- Axially extending from the network 112 is another linear radiator 120 .
- the linear radiators 84 , 98 , 110 , and 120 are typically brass tubes.
- the brass tube radiators have an outer diameter of 0.500 inches with a 0.014 inch wall thickness.
- the radiators 84 , 98 , 110 and 120 could be constructed of a plurality of wires or conductors braided or spirally served around a core of dielectric material.
- a “top hat” 122 extends radially from an end of the radiator 120 .
- the top hat 120 includes a shortened axially extending conductive tube 121 extending from a distal end of the radiator 120 that terminates at a plurality of radially extending conductive arms 126 .
- the tube and arms may be encapsulated by a radome and/or protective tubing. In one embodiment 6 arms are utilized, but any number of arms could be provided.
- Positioning of the networks is obtained by the frictional interface between the radiators, the selected heat dissipative medium and the core. Network positioning may also be achieved by use of adhesives or mechanical clamping devices. And, as previously noted, the mediums 106 / 118 can serve to position and protect their respective networks. Indeed, either or both of the inner and outer heat dissipative mediums create an envelope around the ferrite/powder iron networks extending above and below the networks contacting the linear radiator at the terminus of the networks.
- Positioning of the networks may be adjusted so as to obtain a desirable VSWR and/or gain characteristic of the antenna 10 .
- the assembly is inserted into a radome and a foam material is received therein.
- the foam material expands and holds the networks and any other components in place.
- Various methods may be used to encase the components in the foam material. If desired, ferrules or other retaining features may be used to secure the positioning of the networks.
- the networks 100 and 112 along with their positional placement along the radiators provide the effective electrical lengths and current distribution changes needed to obtain the desired bandwidth of the antenna portion 14 .
- the effective impedance of the networks 100 and 112 change instep and instantaneously in a way to limit the antenna current(s) that exist above those networks. Therefore, as the frequency of operation increases, the electrical height of the antenna 10 effectively decreases.
- positional adjustment of the networks within the antenna matching network 12 and changes to the values in the tank circuit 90 , and the networks 100 and 112 correspondingly adjust the antenna's performance within the desired operating band.
- additional networks could be positioned along the length of the antenna. In one embodiment, the network 100 is positioned about 30 inches from the mounting plane and network 112 is positioned about 42 inches from the mounting plane. Accordingly, a change of network values and their placement along the antenna portion 14 could be adjusted such that the radiator pattern maximum load could be elevated (not along the line of sight) for ground to satellite communication.
- the antenna portion 16 Extending from the first antenna portion 14 or the VHF/UHF portion is the L-Band antenna portion 16 .
- the antenna portion 16 is connected to the antenna portion 14 by a connector 130 .
- the inner conductor 72 has passed through the portion 14 and is now utilized to radiate from the antenna portion 16 .
- the inner conductor 72 feeds the antenna portion 16 .
- the antenna portion 16 includes multi-element biconnical arrays in the form of a proximal array 132 a and a distal array 132 b .
- a conductor 131 which electrically extends from the connector 130 , feeds into a splitter 138 which provides for a proximal feed 140 and distal feed 142 .
- the proximal feed 140 is directed into the proximal array 132 a while the distal feed 142 is directed into the distal array 132 b .
- Skilled artisans will appreciate that the feeds 140 and 142 are substantially the same lengths so as to provide a desired electrical performance for the L-Band antenna portion of the antenna.
- an alternative embodiment is designated generally by the numeral 10 ′.
- This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except for the configuration of the networks 100 and 112 .
- the networks are replaced by inductor/resistor networks.
- antenna portion 14 includes a linear radiator 98 extending axially from the tank circuit 90 and which is electrically connected to an inductor-resistor network 100 ′.
- the network 100 ′ includes an inductor 150 and a resistor 152 connected in parallel.
- the inductor 150 has a value of 0.39 ⁇ H and a Q value of about 93 at 25 MHz.
- the preferred value for the resistor 50 is 250 ohms rated at 20 watts, VSWR 1.15:1, frequency DC to 3.0 GHz, and capacitance 1.2 pf.
- Extending vertically from network 100 ′ is another linear radiator 110 which has connected to its opposite end an inductor-resistor network 112 ′.
- the network 112 ′ includes an inductor 154 and a resistor 156 connected in parallel.
- the inductor 154 has a value of 0.57 ⁇ H and a Q of 92 at 25 MHz.
- the resistor 156 has a value of 150 ohms rated at 20 watts, VSWR of 1.15:1, frequency DC to 3.0 GHz, and capacitance 1.2 pf.
- Vertically extending from the network 112 ′ is another linear radiator 120 .
- the L-Band portion 16 extends from the radiator 120 and operates the same as in the previous embodiment.
- the gain and VSWR characteristics are provided for the first and second antenna portions 14 , 16 as shown.
- coaxial cable 30 in the antenna matching network 12 does not alter the original performance of the 50:200 (1:4) Ohm Guanella (current) transformer 50 , which is configured for “Un/Un,” Unbalanced source (transmitter) to Unbalanced load (antenna.).
- the Guanella transformer 50 is in fact a “transmission line” transformer where its windings are wound in “pairs,” like the pairs of parallel conductors that make up a twin lead transmission line.
- One of the conductors making up the pair is actually a coaxial line which is electrically independent in signal path function (L-Band) and internal to the coaxial cable, while the (VHF/UHF) signal path is trapped between the pairs of conductors making up the transformer 50 where the outside shield braid of the coaxial cable 30 acts to function as one of the parallel wire conductors.
- the original prior art matching transformer consists of “paired” windings.
- the novel transformer has one member of this pair be an appropriate sized coaxial cable. Again, the shield of this coaxial cable acts as a barrier to keep L-Band signals inside while the outside of the shield acts as one pair of the twin pair for VHF/UHF signal transport.
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US13/898,530 US9379441B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system |
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US201261649706P | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | |
US13/898,530 US9379441B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Very wide band tactical vehicular antenna system |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU2680609C1 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-02-25 | Акционерное общество "Концерн "Созвездие" | Method of reducing influence of metal constructions on parameters of closely spaced fm band antennas |
RU2758484C2 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-10-28 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Shipboard vhf receiving antenna system |
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US8725214B1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-05-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of tuning a frequency agile electrically small tactical AM broadcast band antenna system |
US10310491B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2019-06-04 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Radiating element and engineered magnetic material |
US10404294B1 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-09-03 | Harris Global Communications, Inc. | Wireless communication device with efficient broadband matching network and related methods |
US20210143547A1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-13 | Skywave Antennas, Inc. | Ultra-wideband antenna |
CN113013574B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2023-02-17 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Matching device for VHF (very high frequency) frequency band folded dipole antenna and folded dipole antenna |
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RU2680609C1 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-02-25 | Акционерное общество "Концерн "Созвездие" | Method of reducing influence of metal constructions on parameters of closely spaced fm band antennas |
RU2758484C2 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-10-28 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Shipboard vhf receiving antenna system |
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US20130307748A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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