US560217A - ihlder - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. D. IHLDER.

ELECTRIC AUTOMATIC STOP ECE ELEVATORS. No. 560,217. Patented May 19, 1896.

ANDREW B GRAHAM PHOYO'LITNQWASMINGTDKDC (No Model.) 2 Sheets-.Sheet 2. J. D. IHLDER. ELECTRIC AUTOMATIC STOP FOR ELEVATORS. No. 560,217.

Patented May 19, 1896.

ANDREW H GRAMM PHDTG LIYHO WASNINGTON DC UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN D. IHLDER, or YONKERS, NEw YORK, ASSIGNOR TO OTIS BEoTHEEs & COMPANY, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC AUTOMATIC STOP FOR ELEVATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,217, dated May 19, 1896. Application filed July 27, 1895. Serial No. 557,392. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: matic stop is brought into operation it will Be it known that I, JOHN D. IHLDER, a citicontrol a circuit of the clevator-motorin such zen of the United States, residingat Yonkers, a manner that it will cause the armature of \Vestchester county, State of New York, have the motor to send a current through the cir- 5 invented certain new and useful Improvecuit which will tend to stop the armature, ments in Electric Automatic Stops, of which and consequently the elevator connected to the following is a specification. be operated from the armature of the eleva- This invention relates to electric automatic tor-motor. This circuit is controlled in the stop devices for use in connection with elecpresentinstance byamake-and-break switch,

10 trio elevators; audit has for its object to prowhich is operated by the automatic stop devide means whereby the elevator or the movice, and this operation may be accomplished tor operating the elevator maybe stopped or in various ways, some of which will be specontrolled automatically when through any cifically set forth hereinafter, and the parts cause the operator fails to properly man ipuare so arranged that the ordinary operations 15 late the controlling devices; and to these ends of starting and stopping the elevator-motor it consists in the various features of construcdo not interfere with the operation of the aution and arrangement of parts having the tomatic device, and vice versa the automatic mode of operation substantially as hereindevice does not interfere with the operations after more particularly set forth. of the ordinary starting and stopping appa- 2o \Vhile the invention is more particularly ratus.

applicable to use in connection with electric With this general statement of the invenclevators, the general principles of the intion it will now be described in connection vention may be applied and adapted for use with the embodiment shown in the accompain other connections without departing from nying drawings, wherein- 2 5 the spirit of the invention, although it is de A represents an electric motor of any ordisigned more especially and is shown herein nary construction, and the shaft A is conin connection with an electric elevator. nected to the armature of the motor and is In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is provided with a worm A engaging a worm- So a side view showing one general arrangement wheel A, connected to a winding-drum A,

30 of electric elevator devices sufficient to illuswhich operates in the usual manner. Contrate the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan nected with the motorA is some suitable cirview thereof. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic repcuit-controlling device for stopping, starting, rcsentation of the circuits and apparatus conand reversing the motor, which is indicated 8 5 nected therewith, and Fig. l is a sectional at B, the details of which are not shown, as

3 5 view of the mechanical automatic stop dethey may be varied and are well known, and vice. this controlling mechanism is operated from It is well known that in the operation of the car through the medium of a hand-rope B ordinary hydraulic or other elevators which or equivalent device, connected in the pres- 0 are controlled by the operator on the car it ent instance to a lever B operating the shaft 0 is common to provide some means which will 13 of the controller.

automatically stop the movement of the car The apparatus is shown as being provided as, for instance, at the extremes of its up or with a suitable mechanical brake device C, down motion-if, for instance, the operator which maybeof any well-known construction, 5 fails to properly manipulate the controlling and which in the present instance is operated 5 devices, so that accidents can be prevented by a shipper-bar D, and this shipper-bar is from the car moving too far and the present shown as mounted to reciprocate in the bearinvention has for its object to provide means in gs (l (I, being moved by a lever 13*, connected whereby the same results may be accomwith the hand-rope and controlling device. 109 plished in connection with electrically-oper- So far the apparatus is shown as a typical 5o ated elevators. construction to which the invention is ap- The invention is shown as embodied in an plied, and of course it can be varied without apparatus arranged so that when the autoaffecting the present invention.

Arranged in connection with the apparatus above described is' a switch E, and it is shown in the present instance as mounted on the controlling apparatus, although it may be otherwise arranged in any convenient manner, and this switch is controlled by an electromagnet E and is preferably in the form of a double break-switch having two arms E E of conducting material, although it may be provided with a single arm, as IE and operate as a single break-switch. It is shown in the present instance as .having'spring terminals e e e 6 and in dotted lines are shown the terminals 6 6 which cooperate with the arm E also shown in dotted lines. The present construction also embodies a'make-andbreak switch F, operatingin' connection with the terminals ff, and this make-and-break switcher brush-F 'iscontrolled by a'cam F. This cam-is operated by a disk Gr, having'in the present-instance a pin or projection g, arranged to engage the cam-F when thedisk is operated in the manner hereinafter set forth, and this disk isloose uponitssupport and is provided withsome means for causing it to maintain: its normal position, as the weight V or equivalent device, whichalso tends to restore it to its'normal position when moved, as hereinafter set forth.

forms apart'of an automatic mechanical stop, (best shown in Fig. 4,) which is ofthe wellknownconstruction and-consists, essentially,

of a drum G, loosely mounted on-the shaft A said drum; but when the bar'reaches either extrem e of the-screw-threaded portion, so that one or: the other of its clutch I members engages with one or the other of the clutch m embers'Gr G*, the bar and'consequentlythe drum G will rotate with the shaft, and this' carries the disk Gwith it, causing it to rotate to bring the pin 9 into a-positionto operate the cam F and the brush F, connected thereto, to make or break the circuit.

The diskG is also provided with another pin or projection g which is arranged to en gage a similar pin or projection orequivalent device it on the pin-ion H, which pinion e11- gages-a=rack on the shipp'erbar D and is moved with said bar to the right or left as said 'bar is moved by the opcratortostart and- These pins g and hare so arra-nged'that in the ordinary movements of stop the motor.

the shipper-bar D in startingand stopping the motor they do not impinge-upon each other, so that the disk G is not moved in the ordinary operations of the elevator mechanism;

but when under the conditions hereinafter This'disk G is in the present instance connectedwith and set forth these pins do come together the automatic stop device controls the circuit of the motor to prevent accidents, as will appear later.

In the preferred construction of the invention there is also provided a circuit-breaker 1, shown in the present instance in the form of a disk, having alternate conducting and nonconducting surfaces, as I 1 against which bear the terminals M of the circuit, and this disk is operated so as to partially rotate in accordance with the movements of the shipper-bar D, and in the present instance it is attached to apinion 1 which engages a rack on the shipper-bar D, so as to move therewith. The brake device C is also shown as being mechanically controlled by the shipper-bar D, the arm 0 of which engages a notch in the shipper-bar, so'that'when the bar is in the normal condition the brake is applied; but when it is moved to the rightor left in starting the motor the'brake ismechanically lifted and is restored into operative position by a weight, spring, or other equivalent device when the shipper-bar is moved'to stop the motor.

Such being the general construction and arrangement of the mechanical parts, the cireuits will be best understood by reference to Fig. 3, wherein themotor A is convention- 'allyshown, in-which a a are the armatureb'rushes, Z) b" are the terminals of'a reversing switch K, and Srepresents'th'e shunt fieldmagnet coils, WhileS represents the series field-magnet coils. R is a resistance in the armature-circuitgwhich may be automatically controlled in the well-known way, and R is an auxiliary resistance in the control-circuit of the motor, and PM represent, respectively,

the plusand minus terminals connected with the feeding-circuit of the motor.

While the metor' itself may be variously wound and connected, it is herein shown as a compound-wound motor, and the circuits thereof may be traced as starting from the positive binding-post P, through the con- .ductorI, through the shunt field-magnet coils S 'andto the minus pole M, while a shunt or branch conductor 1 leads to the binding-post b of the circuit-reverser K, and thence to one of the brushes a a, through the armature to the other brush and back through the terminal b in one or the other direction, according to the position of the circuit-reverser, and by the conductor 2, through the series field-magnet coils S", through the resistance R'to theminusbinding-post M, as is usual in this class of motors.

Connected to the conductor 1,which is 0011- nected'b'y-the branch 1 to the terminal b of the circuit-reverser K, is a conductorf), leading th'rough the auxiliaryresistance R to the spring-contact e on the switch E, and connected to the spring-contact e on the switch is a conductor 4, which leads to the conductor 2 at'a point between the armature-coils and the series field-magnet coils, so that the current may pass through the series fieldmagnet coils, and bya conductor5 to the contact-piece e on the switch, and the contactpiece 6 is connected by a conductor (3 to the binding-post b of the circuit-reversin g switch, so that when the switch E is closed there are two closed circuits, one including the armature through 1 3 R e e L 2 Z) a a b 1 and the other the series field-magnet coils of the motor through 5 e E e 0 2 S, and the motor will send a current through the armature-circuit which will tend to stop the motor, it being practically short-circuited on itself. In some instances it is preferred to leave the series field-magnet coils out of the short circuit controlled by said switch, and this can readily be accomplished by connecting the brushes a a in a circuit including the conductor 7, connected to the contact-pieces e a, controlled by the connector E of the switch, and in this way the armature alone of the motor is shortcircuited, there being preferably a resistance R included in this circuit,which may be ad justed to meet the requirements of any particular case.

The electromagnct E is operated in the present instance bya circuit controlled by the automatically-opcrated disk G and the circuit-breaker I, and this circuit is shown as connected to the main circuit in any way, as to the conductor 1, and passing thence through the conductor 8, which includes the coils of the electromagnet E, to a point 9, where it branches, one portion or branch passing by the conductor 10 through the switch F, and thence to the minus binding-post, while the other branch passes by conductor 11 through the terminals 1' 1', controlled by the circuitbreaker I, to the conductor 10, and thence to the minus binding-post, and it will thus be seen that there are in fact two circuits or two branches of the same circuit controlling the electromagnet E, and as long as either one of these branch circuits is closed the magnet E will be energized, so as to hold the switch E open; but when both of these branch circuits are broken the switch IE will be closed to short-circuit the motor in the manner before indicated. From this description it will be apparent to those skilled in the art how the parts operate to perform the functions intended, and it will be seen that in the ordinary condition, as represented in the diagram, the motor is represented as stationary and the circuit-breakerin a position to break the circuit of the magnet E,while the automatic switch F is in a position to close the circuit of the magnet E, and the switch E is shown as being open.

As is usual with this class of mechanism the operator in the car, by means of the hand rope B or similar device, closes the circuit through the motor and through the armature in one or the other direction, as the case may be, in order to cause the elevator to move up or down, and the shipper-bar D is moved in a corresponding direction by an arm 13*, connected with the ordinary controlling devices,

and this shipper-bar operates to rotate the circuit-breaker I to close the circuit-through the contactst' t" by its connection with the pinion I engaging the shipper-bar, and the pinion II is also rotated, but not sufficient to cause its pin h to engage the pin g on the disk G, and the motor may be started and stopped, as usual, without affecting the automatic stopping device, as it will be seen that one of the branch circuits through the magnet E is closed even though the circuitbreaker I makes and breaks the branch controlled thereby, as it does when the shipperbar is moved the ordinary distance for startin g and stopping the motor.

It will be understood that as the elevator traverses up and down the bar G moves back and forth on the shaft A without its clutch portions engaging either of the clutch portions G G; but if, for instance, through neglect or otherwise the motor should not be stopped when the cage reaches the end of its upward or downward motion the bar G would engage one of the clutches G or G", as the case might be, and rotate the drum G, and

this would rotate the disk G, so as to cause its pin g to engage the cam F and break the circuit of the magnet E at the switch F, and, further, the pin g of the disk would engage the pin h on the pinion II and rotate the same, which would in turn move the shipper-bar to its normal position, breaking the branch circuit through the terminals 2' i and the circuitbreaker I, thus deenergizing the magnet E, allowing the switch E to operate and close the short circuit of the armature or armature and series field, as the case maybe, thereby tending to stop the motor. It will be understood by those familiar with the operation of the stop-motion gear that this will produce a comparatively slow motion of the shipper-bar D and not an instantaneous or rapid throw of the bar, and consequently of the circuit-controlling device B. If this circuit-controlling device is arranged to break the circuit of the shunt field-magnet coils when it is in its off position, it is evident that this circuit of the shunt fieldmagnet coil will not be broken until the shipper-bar has reached its normal or central position, while it will further be seen that as soon as the shipper-bar commences to move to its normal position under the influence of the stop-motion gear the circuit of the magnet E is broken and the switch E is closed, and the armature and series field-magnet coils of the motor are shortcircuited. This causes the armature to operate as a brake under the influence of the shunt field-magnet circuit until the shipperbar practically reaches its normal position, when, if the controlling device B is so arranged, the shunt field-magnet coils will be cut out. Even then the magnetism of the motor disappears slowly, so that for practical purposes I have found it immaterial whether the shunt field-magnet circuit is TOO brokenor not at the controlling device. In practice it may be arranged so that after the stop-motion gear commences to operate the car may trave1,.say, ten feet while the pinions H and 1 are moving to their normal or central position. It'will be seen that almost as soon as the parts engage, or within the first or open position, and, .as before stated, if this is arranged (as it often is) to open the shunt field-circuit it will be opened at this time when the car has practically stoppedyb'ut there will still remain the magnetism of the motor to operate 011 the armature, and, further, it will be seen that when the shipper-bar reaches this position the brake G is automatically applied to stop the car, if ithas not already stopped. It will be understood, of course, that if the shunt field-magnet circuit is not broken at the controlling device 13, as it is arranged in some instances, there is always'a strong field for the armature'to operate in as a brake. To avoid a too sudden re duction of the speedof the armature under these conditions, it is preferable to provide the auxiliary resistance R or R to limit the current which can be produced in the armature of the motor and cause it to stop gradually. Under these conditions the stop-motion or disk G will continue to carry the pin 9 a certain distance beyond the position necessary to operate the cam F before the car comes to rest, and if now the car is started in the opposite direction by the operator moving the shipper-bar in the reverse direction the pinion H is turned, separating the pins h and g and the automatic stop will gradually release the disk G, and the weight \V will bring it back to its normal position,which will close the switch F in this movement. This motion, however, is somewhat slow, depending on the inertia of the car with which the automatic stop works in unison, and the car must therefore travel a certain distance before the pin Q will arrive at a position to close the switch F by moving the cam F and thus closing the circuit through the electromagnet E to operate the switch E, and as long as the clectromagnet is not attracted the switch E remains closed and the elevatormotor can only rotate slowly, while using a great amount of power. This undesirable feature in an automatic stop, however, is overcome by means of the circuit-breakerI, arranged in a branch circuit of the magnet E, which branch circuit is closed by the operator whenever the shipper-bar D is moved 'sufliciently far from its normal position to cause the terminals 2' z" to bear on the conducting. portions of the disk or circuit-breaker I,

and the electromagnet E is therefore rendered operative'as soon as the shipper-bar has been moved the proper distance in starting the car in the right direction, even from its extreme position at top or bottom, after its travel has been arrested by the automatic ,stop device, as before set forth.

From this general description and illustration of the invention the principles thereof iwill be readily understood by those skilled in the art, and it will be seen that it maybe adapted for many and various purposes and used with various devices, and, further, it will be seen that the automatic stop mechanismmay be used alone without the circuit- .breaker, although it is preferable to use the two together tocontrol-the circuit of the switch-magnet, which in turn controls the short circuit of the motor-armature or armature and series field-magnet coils.

In Fig. 3 I have indicated a conventional ,circuit-reverser in order to better explain the circuits, and the circuit-reverser (of whatever form) used would naturally be placed on or in the circuit-controlling. device B, although of course it might be placed anywhere else so far as this invention is concerned. In line 1, Fig. 3, leadingfrom'the main, I have indicated a plug or cut-out such as is ordinarily @employed in working circuits derived from main distributing=circuits, and this of course can be of any form and may include one or both of the connectors with the mains or not.

hat is claimed-is- 1. The combination with an electric motor and a short circuit therefor, of a switch controlling said circuit, and an automatic stop device controlling said switch, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a motor and a short circuit therefor, of a switch controlling said short circuit, .and a magnet controlling said switch, the circuit of which magnet is controlled by an automatic stop device, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a motor and a short circuit therefor, of a switch controlling said circuit, a magnet controlling the switch, an automatic stop device controlling the magnet, and a circuit-breaker also controlling the magnet, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a motor and a short circuit therefor, of an electromagnetic switch controlling the circuit, an automatic stop device controlling the switch arranged in one branch of the circuit thereof, and a circuit-breaker also controlling the switch arranged in another branch of the circuit thereof, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a motor and a short circuit therefor, of'an electromagnetic switch, an automatic stop device controlling said switch, and a shipper-bar connected with said automatic stop device and arranged so that the shipper-bar may operate under normal conditions without operating the automatic stop device, substantially as described.

0. The combination with a motor and a short circuit therefor, of an electromagnetic switch, an automatic stop device controlling the switch, a circuit-breaker also controlling the switch, and a shipper-bar connected with both the circuit-breaker and automatic stop device, substantially as described.

'7. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor and starting and stopping device therefor, of a short circuit connected with the motor, a switch controlling the short circuit, a circuit breaker controlling the switch, and a shipper-bar connected with the control mechanism of the motor for controlling the circuit-breaker, substantially as described.

8. In an electricelevator, the combination with the motor and starting and stopping device therefor, of a short circuit connected with the motor, a switch controlling the short circuit, an automatic stop device controlling the switch, and a shipper-bar connecting the automatic stop device and starting and stopping device of the motor, substantially as described.

9. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor and starting and stopping device therefor, of a short circuit for the motor, an electromagnetic switch controlling the short circuit, an automatic stop device controlling the switch, a circuit-breaker also controlling the switch, and a shipper-bar connected with both these devices and with the starting and stopping mechanism, substantially as described.

10. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor and starting and stopping device therefor, of a short circuit for the motor, a switch controlling the motor, an automatic stop device controlling the switch, and connections between the automatic stop device and the ordinary starting and stopping devices, substantially as described.

11. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor and starting and stopping device therefor, of a short circuit controlling the motor, an electromagnetic switch controlling the circuit, an automatic stop device controlling said switch arranged in one branch of said electromagnetic switch, a circuitbreaker arranged in another branch of said electromagnetic switch, and a shipper-bar connected with the ordinary starting and stopping devices, substantially as described.

12. In an'electric elevator, the combination with the motor and the circuit controlling the same, of an automatic stop device comprising a switch controlling the circuit, a disk controlling the switch, a pinion, a shipper-bar, and connections between the disk and pinion, substantially as described.

13. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor and the circuit controlling the same, of an automatic stop device comprising a switch controlling the circuit, a cam connected to the switch, a disk having a pin engaging the cam, a pinion, a shipper-bar connected to the pinion, and connections between the pinion and disk whereby the shipper-bar is operated, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN D. IHLDER.

lVitnesses JAMES S. FITCH, O. B. WARING.

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