US3454345A - Fuel igniting and flame sensing resistor with fuel feed control - Google Patents
Fuel igniting and flame sensing resistor with fuel feed control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3454345A US3454345A US620037A US3454345DA US3454345A US 3454345 A US3454345 A US 3454345A US 620037 A US620037 A US 620037A US 3454345D A US3454345D A US 3454345DA US 3454345 A US3454345 A US 3454345A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- resistor
- flame
- igniting
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
- H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
- H01C7/048—Carbon or carbides
Definitions
- a flame ignitor and sensor made as an electrical resistor for continuously sensing the presence or absence of a flame and made of silicon carbide granules bonded by silicon oxy-nitride and used in conjunction with ignition and supervisory circuitry for igniting fuel from a burner and montoring the continuance of the burning of the fuel.
- This invention relates generally to resistors and more particularly to a new and improved ignition and supervisory resistor for igniting a fuel and monitoring the continuance of ignition by continued sensing of the flame ignited.
- Resistors which are exposed to high temperatures usually have a very short life. These resistors are attacked by oxidation and accordingly it is the practice to protect resistors, for example incandescent wires, from oxygen. Incandescent wires are protected from oxygen in incandescent lamps by partial evacuation of the envelope etc. The possibility of disintegration of such resistors is even greater when the resistor is introduced into a flame or allowed to remain therein. The possibility of disintegration increases because additional disintegration phenomena occur due to the combustion gases. Furthermore, the sudden increase of temperature to which these flame sensing resistors are subjected causes thermal stresses, particularly thermal shock, which greatly contribute to their destruction and disintegration. Accordingly resistors for introduction into or sensing of flames are generally made of chemically or thermally resistant rare metals. Nevertheless the life of these resistors is relatively short.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric resistor for use in gas or oil-fired installations.
- a feature of the resistor in accordance with the invention is that it is made of silicon carbide bonded by means of a bonding agent which provides a strong mechanical adhesion of the carbide granules not hitherto achieved.
- the mechanical adhesion of the granules continues even though the resistor is subjected to large temperature swings and changes and protects the silicon carbide granules from oxidation and other chemical effects.
- the bonding agent, silicon oxy-nitride, according to the invention does not impair the electrical properties of the silicon carbide and results in a resistance substance of excellent electrical properties which have a long operating life even when introduced directly into a flame and allowed to remain therein for long periods of time.
- bonding agent and resistor material are formed in the shape of a.
- thin rod resistor having a resistance such that direct connections to alternating current means, for example 220 volts is permissible.
- Silicon carbide which is electrically conductive, has
- resistors made in the manner of the invention are unaifected by oxidation and other chemical affects in a flame and is extremely resistant to thermal influence particularly thermal shock.
- Resistors made in the manner of the invention have a specific resistance in an unheated or cold state in the order of ohms cm. and in a heated state when energized in the order of 2 to 3 ohms cm.
- resistors according to the invention have a negative coefiicient of electrical resistance.
- the resistor in accordance with the invention may be used as an incandescent ignitor for igniting a fuel, for example oil or gas, and the negative temperature coeflicient of the resistor can be used to render the resistor incandescent and in the absence of ignition and the existence of a flame the negative temperature coeflicient can be used to reduce electric current in a supervisory circuit for cutting off fuel supply to a burner.
- a fuel for example oil or gas
- Still another feature of the resistor is that it can be used in a multiplicity of applications such as ignition apparatus, flame sensing and apparatus for measuring flame temperature and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a resisttor, connected to ignition circuitry, according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a resistor according to the invention and ignition and supervisory or monitor circuitry for flame sensing and monitoring.
- a burner 1 is provided with a fuel from a fuel supply source, not shown, under pressure, for example oil or gas.
- the fuel to the burner or nozzle 1 is of course controlled by means not shown and is ignited by an ignition resistor 2 made in accordance with the invention.
- the ignitor or resistor 2 comprises a thin rod bent in a U-shaped configuration and consists of silicon carbide granules (SiC) bonded by silicon oxynitride (Si ON or Si ON).
- the resistor material has already been used as a ceramic lining for furnaces, crucibles etc. and is sold by Norton International Inc. for example, under the trade name Crystolon 63 Silicon Carbide.
- the resistor 2 is in position for having the fuel discharged from the burner impinge thereon for ignition therefrom when the resistor is rendered incandescent by application of current thereto by closing of a switch 3 to apply current from terminals 4, connected to a current source, not shown.
- a switch 3 When the switch 3 is closed the element 2 can be made to glow and the controlled discharge of fuel from the burner can take effect once the element is heated. The current may then be interrupted once the fuel from the burner 1 is ignited and is burning.
- a burner 11 has the application of fuel, for example gas or oil, thereto controlled by a normally closed electromagnetic valve 12 connected to control provision of fuel from a fuel source, not shown.
- a resistor 13 constructed in the manner of the resistor 2 is positioned adjacent the burner and is in series with an operating coil 14 of the electromagnetic valve 12 and a switch 15 connected to terminals 16 of alternating current mains of a network, not shown.
- the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 is provided with an operator 17, shown diagrammatically, for manually opening the valve 12 at the beginning of the operation of the system if desired.
- an ignition and flame monitoring system comprising, an ignition and flame monitoring resistor in the discharge path of fuel from said burner, an ignition and flame supervisory electrical circuit including said resistor rendering said resistor incandescent to cause ignition of said fuel to cause it to burn, said resistor comprising a negative resistance resistor comprising a siliconoxynitride bonded silicon carbide composition, a switch in said circuit to control supply of .4 energizing current to said resistor and said circuit including electrically energized means responsive to current flow in said supervisory circuit under control of current flow determined by the resistance of said resistor initiating turning off flow of fuel to said burner when the resistance of said resistor increases to a selected value in response to the absence of a flame being sensed by said resistor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DED0049516 | 1966-03-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3454345A true US3454345A (en) | 1969-07-08 |
Family
ID=7051948
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US620037A Expired - Lifetime US3454345A (en) | 1966-03-05 | 1967-03-02 | Fuel igniting and flame sensing resistor with fuel feed control |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3454345A (fr) |
AT (1) | AT271635B (fr) |
BE (1) | BE694526A (fr) |
CH (1) | CH470736A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE1590287A1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK117908B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1513048A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1113846A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL6702368A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO120841B (fr) |
SE (1) | SE311393B (fr) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3540817A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1970-11-17 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric ignition system |
US3584987A (en) * | 1969-04-25 | 1971-06-15 | Harper Wyman Co | Fuel burner ignition |
US3594107A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1971-07-20 | Robershaw Controls Co | Electric ignition system using a ptc ignitor as a sensing means |
US3609072A (en) * | 1969-07-30 | 1971-09-28 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric igniter system |
US3826605A (en) * | 1972-08-16 | 1974-07-30 | Eaton Corp | Direct burner ignition system |
US3875477A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-04-01 | Norton Co | Silicon carbide resistance igniter |
US3974106A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1976-08-10 | Norton Company | Ceramic electrical resistance igniter |
US4337498A (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1982-06-29 | Tokai Konetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Small ignition device comprising string-like silicon carbide heating element affixed to terminal supports |
US4405299A (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-09-20 | Honeywell Inc. | Burner ignition and flame monitoring system |
US4486651A (en) * | 1982-01-27 | 1984-12-04 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Ceramic heater |
US4525622A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1985-06-25 | Isuzu Motor, Ltd. | Ceramic glow plug |
US4644133A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1987-02-17 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Ceramic heater |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2919273C2 (de) * | 1979-05-12 | 1982-10-28 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Anordnung zur trägheitslosen oder besonders schnellen Temperaturmessung |
GB2200949A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1988-08-17 | Lucas Ind Plc | I.C. engine pre-combustion chamber cup |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2095253A (en) * | 1937-10-12 | Igniter fob fuel burning systems | ||
US2596729A (en) * | 1947-11-05 | 1952-05-13 | See Walter George | Fuel ignition system |
US2968530A (en) * | 1957-03-20 | 1961-01-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Silicon-oxygen-nitrogen composition of matter |
US3193399A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1965-07-06 | Norton Co | Siliconoxynitride bonded silicon carbide article and method |
US3248346A (en) * | 1961-10-19 | 1966-04-26 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidation-proof materials containing molybdenum disilicide |
US3282324A (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1966-11-01 | Ram Domestic Products Company | Automatic fuel ignition and heat detection system |
-
1966
- 1966-03-05 DE DE19661590287 patent/DE1590287A1/de active Pending
-
1967
- 1967-02-13 AT AT139367A patent/AT271635B/de active
- 1967-02-15 GB GB7193/67A patent/GB1113846A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-02-16 DK DK84167AA patent/DK117908B/da unknown
- 1967-02-16 NL NL6702368A patent/NL6702368A/xx unknown
- 1967-02-20 CH CH261867A patent/CH470736A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-02-23 BE BE694526D patent/BE694526A/xx unknown
- 1967-03-02 SE SE2880/67A patent/SE311393B/xx unknown
- 1967-03-02 US US620037A patent/US3454345A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-03-03 FR FR97403A patent/FR1513048A/fr not_active Expired
- 1967-03-03 NO NO167125A patent/NO120841B/no unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2095253A (en) * | 1937-10-12 | Igniter fob fuel burning systems | ||
US2596729A (en) * | 1947-11-05 | 1952-05-13 | See Walter George | Fuel ignition system |
US2968530A (en) * | 1957-03-20 | 1961-01-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Silicon-oxygen-nitrogen composition of matter |
US3193399A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1965-07-06 | Norton Co | Siliconoxynitride bonded silicon carbide article and method |
US3248346A (en) * | 1961-10-19 | 1966-04-26 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidation-proof materials containing molybdenum disilicide |
US3282324A (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1966-11-01 | Ram Domestic Products Company | Automatic fuel ignition and heat detection system |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3540817A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1970-11-17 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric ignition system |
US3594107A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1971-07-20 | Robershaw Controls Co | Electric ignition system using a ptc ignitor as a sensing means |
US3584987A (en) * | 1969-04-25 | 1971-06-15 | Harper Wyman Co | Fuel burner ignition |
US3609072A (en) * | 1969-07-30 | 1971-09-28 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric igniter system |
US3826605A (en) * | 1972-08-16 | 1974-07-30 | Eaton Corp | Direct burner ignition system |
US3875477A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-04-01 | Norton Co | Silicon carbide resistance igniter |
US3974106A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1976-08-10 | Norton Company | Ceramic electrical resistance igniter |
US4337498A (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1982-06-29 | Tokai Konetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Small ignition device comprising string-like silicon carbide heating element affixed to terminal supports |
US4525622A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1985-06-25 | Isuzu Motor, Ltd. | Ceramic glow plug |
US4405299A (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-09-20 | Honeywell Inc. | Burner ignition and flame monitoring system |
US4486651A (en) * | 1982-01-27 | 1984-12-04 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Ceramic heater |
US4644133A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1987-02-17 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Ceramic heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1513048A (fr) | 1968-02-09 |
SE311393B (fr) | 1969-06-09 |
DK117908B (da) | 1970-06-15 |
NL6702368A (fr) | 1967-09-06 |
BE694526A (fr) | 1967-07-31 |
NO120841B (fr) | 1970-12-14 |
DE1590287A1 (de) | 1970-06-18 |
GB1113846A (en) | 1968-05-15 |
CH470736A (de) | 1969-03-31 |
AT271635B (de) | 1969-06-10 |
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