US3407541A - Piston grinding attachment - Google Patents

Piston grinding attachment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3407541A
US3407541A US487156A US48715665A US3407541A US 3407541 A US3407541 A US 3407541A US 487156 A US487156 A US 487156A US 48715665 A US48715665 A US 48715665A US 3407541 A US3407541 A US 3407541A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
spindle
piston
axis
master cam
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Expired - Lifetime
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US487156A
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Ralph E Price
Harold E Balsiger
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Landis Tool Co
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Landis Tool Co
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Priority to US487156A priority Critical patent/US3407541A/en
Priority to DE1577401A priority patent/DE1577401C3/en
Priority to DEL42969U priority patent/DE1949588U/en
Priority to GB40760/66A priority patent/GB1141374A/en
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Publication of US3407541A publication Critical patent/US3407541A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/08—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section
    • B24B19/10—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section for grinding pistons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for grinding non-circular workpieces, particularly automotive pistons having a form generally referred to as tapered elliptical.
  • the degree of taper i' changes progressively between arcuately spaced points on the skirt of the piston.
  • the small diameter at the head end of the skirt is smaller than the small diameter atthe open end of the skirt.
  • the piston In order to form this type of piston by a grinding or other machining operation, the piston must be oscillated toward and from the cutting tool about a predetermined point with relation to the piston, preferably a point on its Y axis.
  • this type of piston has been ground on more or less conventional grinding machines provided with an attachment whereby the swivel table is oscillated about the vertical swivel stud provided for swivelling the table for taper grinding.
  • the piston is rotatably Asupported im saidtable between a headstock center and a footstock center in, a position longitudinally spaced from the axis of the swivel stud. Oscillation of the piston about said swivel stud axis by an eccentric or master cam during a grinding operation, provides the desired taper on the skirt of the piston. This is a progressively varying taper and, therefore, :at each degree of rotation, the skirt of the oscillating piston is at a different angle to the face of the grinding wheel.
  • the oscillation of the piston toward and from a grind ⁇ I ing wheel is in atsubstantially horizontal plane between two-positions, in one of which the surface of the piston skirt may be parallel or at a slight angle to the face of the grinding wheel, and'in the other position, at a greater angle to the face of the grinding wheel.
  • the range ofi oscillation is determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum diametersof the master cam.
  • Another object ⁇ is to provide a compact attachment for machining tapered elliptical workpieces.
  • Another object i's'to provide apparatus in which only the work drive spindle and its immediate support are oscillated.
  • FIG. 2 is a right handI end elevation.
  • FIG. 3. is aplan view. i
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sketch showing the relation between the master cam, follower, workpiece and grinding wheel.
  • This invention provides a simplified mechanism for grinding a tapered elliptical form on a workpiece vwhile utilizing fewer and lighter parts than previous apparatus used for this purpose. It utilizes the apparatus disclosed in co-pending application, Ser. No. 285,985, filed June 6, 1963, now U.S. Patent 3,247,619, granted Apr. 26, 1966, to which reference may be made to details of structure and operation.
  • the apparatus disclosed in this application is modified in a novel manner to provide the oscillating movement necessary to produce the tapered elliptical form on the workpiece.
  • the vertical mechanical pivot which is an essential element of the old apparatus is eliminated, but its function is retained in the stationary or non-oscillating point on the piston axis.
  • the relatively large llat oscillating bearing surface of the'work table on the carriage of the old-type machine is replaced by the relatively small cylindrical cradle pivot shaft of the above mentioned application.
  • the modification of the device disclosed in the application consists in mounting the cradle pivot shaft at an angle instead of parallel to the work drive spindle.
  • the angle of the pivot shaft must be such that the axis of the pivot shaft intersects the axis of the piston at a predetermined point about which the piston oscillates towardand from the grinding wheel to produce the required taper on the piston skirt.
  • the work drive or headstock spindle 10 is rotatably supported in bearings 11 in spindle housing 12.
  • Spindle housing 12 is mounted for longitudinalv adjustment on a cradle 13.
  • Cradle 13 is arranged to be supported by pivot shaft 14 in pivot shaft base 15.
  • Pivot shaft base 15 is arranged.. to support pivot shaft 14 at a predetermined angle relative to spindle 10.
  • Base 15 is mounted for longitudinal movement with cradle 13 :between bed 16 and spindle housing 12 to provide ⁇ for slight adjustment of point X where axis P of pivot shaft v14 intersects the axis S of spindle 10 and workpiece W.
  • This adjustment provides for accurate positioning of pivot point X at assembly and also for pistons of different taper within the range of adjustment.
  • the means for rotatably supporting workpiece W in operative relation with grinding wheel 25 consists of a chuck 40 arranged to grip the head portion of workpiece W in such a manner that the gripping force is not transmitted to the portion of the workpiece being ground.
  • Chuck 40 is the sole means for supporting workpiece W during a grinding operation, thus eliminating the need for-a conventional footstock support member which applies a holding ypressure to the portion of thevworkpiece being ground with the result that the workpiece is deformed during a grinding operation with a correspondingerror in the contour of the finished workpiece.
  • Rotation of spindle 10, master cam 20 and workpiece W by motor 30 causes said parts to oscillate in a manner determined by the angular position of pivot shaft 14 so that the left or head end of workpiece W moves through a greater distance toward and from grinding wheel 25 than its right or open end.
  • the surface of workpiece W is parallel to the face of grinding wheel 25 or at a slight angle thereto, depending on the location of the zone of oscillation.
  • the angular relation between workpiece W and grinding wheel 25 changes progressively so that at each degree of rotation, workpiece W is ground to a different taper.
  • the maximum taper is produced when workpiece W reaches the limit of its oscillation toward grinding wheel 25.
  • a work support comprising (c) a housing,
  • (h) means to grind a tapered elliptical surface on said workpiece comprising (i) a support for said spindle mounted for oscillation about an axis at an angle to the axis of said spindle,
  • Z is the distance from the small end of the piston skirt to the point of intersection of said axes;
  • A is the lift or difference in radius between the n major and minor axes at the small end of the pist-on skirt;
  • f B is the lift or difference in radius yat thelarge end of the piston skirt, and
  • L is the distance between the points at which the dimensions A and B are measured. 5.
  • a machine for grinding a non-cylindrical workpiece comprising (a) a work support for holding a workpiece in operative relation to a grinding wheel,
  • said support including workpiece holding means on a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in a housing,
  • (c) means for oscillating said housing and spindle including a master cam on the spindle and engaging, by its periphery, a cam follower, and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Description

Oct. 29, 1968 R. E. PRICE ET Al. 3,407,541
y PISTON GRINDING ATTACHMENT I Filed sept. l14., 1965 4 sheets-sheet 1 mma/2S AATTORNEY R. E. PRICE ET AL PIsToN GRINDING ATTACHMENT Oct. 29, 1968 y 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 14, 1965 INVENTORS RALPH E. PWCE c3\ HAROLD EBALSIGER ORNEY Oct. 29, 1968 R. E. PRICE ET AL 3,407,541
PISTON GRINDING ATTACHMENT Filed sept. 14, 1965 4 sheets-Sheet s IIIIII INVENToRs ORNEY Oct. 29, 1968 R. E. PRICE ETAL PISTON GRINDING ATTACHMENT 4 sheets-shed A4:
Filed sept. 14, 1965 m w m/ MN5) Y mp@ .W me v D L T wwf n L Ann RHY/ United States Patent() 3,407,541 PISTON GRINDING ATTACHMENT Ralph E. Price and Harold E. Balsiger, Waynesboro, Pa., assignors to Landis Tool Company,-Waynesboro, Pa. FiledSept. 14, 1965, Ser. No. 487,156
8 Claims. (Cl. 51-101) `ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE differs from the conventional piston grinder, in that, the
axis of oscillation intersects the axis of rotation of the work drive spindle and` workpiece :and the oscillating 'Y 'movement of the workpiece occurs about the intersection of the two axes as well as about the axis of oscillation. It is this angular relation between the two axes which provides the tapered portion of the contour of the workpiece.
.- The present invention relates to apparatus for grinding non-circular workpieces, particularly automotive pistons having a form generally referred to as tapered elliptical.
In a tapered elliptical piston, the degree of taper i' changes progressively between arcuately spaced points on the skirt of the piston. The small diameter at the head end of the skirt is smaller than the small diameter atthe open end of the skirt.
In order to form this type of piston by a grinding or other machining operation, the piston must be oscillated toward and from the cutting tool about a predetermined point with relation to the piston, preferably a point on its Y axis.
In thelpas't, this type of piston has been ground on more or less conventional grinding machines provided with an attachment whereby the swivel table is oscillated about the vertical swivel stud provided for swivelling the table for taper grinding. The piston is rotatably Asupported im saidtable between a headstock center and a footstock center in, a position longitudinally spaced from the axis of the swivel stud. Oscillation of the piston about said swivel stud axis by an eccentric or master cam during a grinding operation, provides the desired taper on the skirt of the piston. This is a progressively varying taper and, therefore, :at each degree of rotation, the skirt of the oscillating piston is at a different angle to the face of the grinding wheel. t
The oscillation of the piston toward and from a grind` I ing wheel is in atsubstantially horizontal plane between two-positions, in one of which the surface of the piston skirt may be parallel or at a slight angle to the face of the grinding wheel, and'in the other position, at a greater angle to the face of the grinding wheel. The range ofi oscillation is determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum diametersof the master cam.
The principal disadvantage of this attachment is that it requires movement of a relatively large mass consistingl t of the swivel table, headstock and footstock mounted thereon about a mechanical pivot, and the corresponding forces required to overcome as well as to resist inertia.
Itis, therefore, wan object of the present invention to provide improved means for oscillating a workpiece relaice Ratented Oct. 29, 1968 tive to a cutting tool to produce a tapered elliptical form on said workpiece..A
Another object `is to provide a compact attachment for machining tapered elliptical workpieces.
. Another object i's'to provide apparatus in which only the work drive spindle and its immediate support are oscillated.
FIG. l is a front=elevation, partly in section.
FIG. 2 is a right handI end elevation.
FIG. 3.is aplan view. i
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sketch showing the relation between the master cam, follower, workpiece and grinding wheel. l A' This invention provides a simplified mechanism for grinding a tapered elliptical form on a workpiece vwhile utilizing fewer and lighter parts than previous apparatus used for this purpose. It utilizes the apparatus disclosed in co-pending application, Ser. No. 285,985, filed June 6, 1963, now U.S. Patent 3,247,619, granted Apr. 26, 1966, to which reference may be made to details of structure and operation.
The apparatus disclosed in this application is modified in a novel manner to provide the oscillating movement necessary to produce the tapered elliptical form on the workpiece. The vertical mechanical pivot which is an essential element of the old apparatus is eliminated, but its function is retained in the stationary or non-oscillating point on the piston axis. The relatively large llat oscillating bearing surface of the'work table on the carriage of the old-type machine is replaced by the relatively small cylindrical cradle pivot shaft of the above mentioned application. The modification of the device disclosed in the application consists in mounting the cradle pivot shaft at an angle instead of parallel to the work drive spindle. The angle of the pivot shaftmust be such that the axis of the pivot shaft intersects the axis of the piston at a predetermined point about which the piston oscillates towardand from the grinding wheel to produce the required taper on the piston skirt. E v
' The reduction in the mass to be oscillated is due in large part of the elimination of a footstock and swivel table which, in turn, is due to the use of `an improved chuck, whereby the workpiece is supported only at the head end. Supporting the workpiece only at the head end also eliminates deformation of the workpiece which oc- `lcurs when the workpiece is supported between a headstock anda footstock. t
In the drawings, the work drive or headstock spindle 10 is rotatably supported in bearings 11 in spindle housing 12. Spindle housing 12 is mounted for longitudinalv adjustment on a cradle 13. Cradle 13 is arranged to be supported by pivot shaft 14 in pivot shaft base 15.
Pivot shaft base 15 is arranged.. to support pivot shaft 14 at a predetermined angle relative to spindle 10. Base 15 is mounted for longitudinal movement with cradle 13 :between bed 16 and spindle housing 12 to provide` for slight adjustment of point X where axis P of pivot shaft v14 intersects the axis S of spindle 10 and workpiece W.
The location of point X relative to workpiece W along with the lift or drop of a master cam, determines the amount or degree of taper to be ground on said workpiece.
This adjustment provides for accurate positioning of pivot point X at assembly and also for pistons of different taper within the range of adjustment.
Spindle 10 is driven through a suitable belt and pulley arrangement by the motor 30t Master cam 20 on spindle i 10 has a contour which-includes a lift substantially greater than thatfto be applied to workpiece W. Follower roller 21 is supported on a pivoted arm 50 for contact with the master cam 20. Arm 50 is pivoted at a point (not shown) near its upper end so that the oscillating movement of the follower roller Z1 in response to the rotation of master cam 20 is substantially reduced. This reduced movement is transmitted through a leaf spring 51 and a liexible member 52 to bracket 53 attached to cradle 13. Cradle 13 is mounted vfor oscillation on shaft 14. Thus, any error in the contour of master cam 20 is reduced by the lever ratio in arm 50 before it is transmitted to workpiece W.
The means for rotatably supporting workpiece W in operative relation with grinding wheel 25 consists of a chuck 40 arranged to grip the head portion of workpiece W in such a manner that the gripping force is not transmitted to the portion of the workpiece being ground. Chuck 40 is the sole means for supporting workpiece W during a grinding operation, thus eliminating the need for-a conventional footstock support member which applies a holding ypressure to the portion of thevworkpiece being ground with the result that the workpiece is deformed during a grinding operation with a correspondingerror in the contour of the finished workpiece.
The location of the intersection of the axis of workpiece W and the axis of oscillation of the workpiece and spindle 10, is determined by the following equation:
AL Z-A-B where B is the lift or difference in radius at the large end 2 of the piston skirt, and v L is the distance between points 1 and 2 at which dimensions A and B are measured.
Operation Rotation of spindle 10, master cam 20 and workpiece W by motor 30 causes said parts to oscillate in a manner determined by the angular position of pivot shaft 14 so that the left or head end of workpiece W moves through a greater distance toward and from grinding wheel 25 than its right or open end.
At one limit of oscillation, the surface of workpiece W is parallel to the face of grinding wheel 25 or at a slight angle thereto, depending on the location of the zone of oscillation. As workpiece W moves toward grinding wheel 2S about the swivel point X (FIG. 4), the angular relation between workpiece W and grinding wheel 25 changes progressively so that at each degree of rotation, workpiece W is ground to a different taper. The maximum taper is produced when workpiece W reaches the limit of its oscillation toward grinding wheel 25.
' We claim:
1. In a machine for grinding non-cylindrical workpieces,
(a) a grinding wheel,
(b) a work support comprising (c) ahousing, l
(d) a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing,
(e) means on said spindle for rotatably holding a workpiece in operative relation with said grinding wheel, (f) a master cam on said spindle, (g) a follower roller for engaging the contour of said master cam, l
(l1) a cradle for supporting said housing and spindle for oscillation in responsse to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(i) the axis of oscillation of said cradle being at an angle to the axis of said spindle. 2. In a machine for grinding non-cylindrical workpieces,
(a) a grinding wheel,
' (b) a work support comprising (c) a housing,
4 (d) a work drive lspindle rotatably'mounted in said housing,
(e) means on said spindle for rotatably holding a workpiece in operative relation with said grinding wheel,
(f) a master cam on said spindle,
(g) a follower roller for engaging the contour ot said master cam,
(h) and'means -for grinding a tapered elliptical surface on said workpiece comprising (i) a cradle for supporting said housing and spindle for oscillation in response to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller, y i
(j) the axis of oscillation of said cradle intersecting the axis of said spindle at a predetermined position relative to said workpiece.
3. In a machine for grinding non-cylindrical workpieces, (a) a grinding wheel,
(b) a work support comprising (c) ahousing,
(d) a Work drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing,
(e) means on said spindle for rotatably holding a workpiece in operative relation with said grinding wheel,
(f) a master cam on said spindle,
(g) a follower roller for engaging the contour master cam,
(h) a cradle for supporting said housing and spindle for oscillation in response to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(i) the axis of oscillation ofsaid cradle being at an angle less than ninety degrees to the axis of said spindle.
n 4. In a machine for grinding non-cylindrical workpieces,
(a) a grinding wheel,
(b) a work support housing,
(c) a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing,
(d) means on said spindle for rotatably supporting a workpiece in operative relation with said grinding wheel,
(e) a master cam on said spindle,
(f) a follower roller for engaging the contour of said master cam,
(g) means for oscillating said housing and spindle in response'to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(h) means to grind a tapered elliptical surface on said workpiece comprising (i) a support for said spindle mounted for oscillation about an axis at an angle to the axis of said spindle,
(1) said axes intersecting at a point determined by the of said equation where:
Z is the distance from the small end of the piston skirt to the point of intersection of said axes; A is the lift or difference in radius between the n major and minor axes at the small end of the pist-on skirt; f B is the lift or difference in radius yat thelarge end of the piston skirt, and L is the distance between the points at which the dimensions A and B are measured. 5. In a machine for machining tapered, non-cylindrical workpieces, 1-
(a) a tool, n (b)v a work support comprising (c) ahousing, y l (d) awork drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing, .v n' (e) means on said spindle for rotatably holding a workpiece at one end only in operative relation with said tool,
(f) a master cam on said spindle,
(g) a follower roller for engaging the contour of said master cam,
(h) a cradle for supporting said housing and spindle for oscillation in response to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(i) the axis of oscillation of said cradle intersecting the axis of said workpiece.
6. In a machine for machining tapered, non-cylindrical workpieces,
(a) a tool,
(b) a Work support comprising (c) a housing,
(d) a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing,
(e) means on said spindle for rotatably holding a workpiece at one end only in operative relation with said tool,
(f) a master cam on said spindle,
(g) a follower roller for engaging the contour of said master cam,
(h) a cradle for supporting said housing and spindle for oscillation in response to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(i) the axis of oscillation of said cradle intersecting the axis of said workpiece at a point in space which determines the taper to be produced on said workpiece.
7. In a machine for grinding non-cylindrical Workpieces,
(a) a grinding wheel,
(b) a work support housing,
(c) a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in said housing,
(d) means on said spindle for' rotatably supporting a workpiece in operative relation with said grinding wheel,
(e) a master cam on said spindle,
(f) a follower roller for engaging the contour of said master cam,
(g) means for oscillating said housing and spindle in response to rotation of said master cam against said follower roller,
(h) and means to grind a tapered elliptical surface on said workpiece comprising (i) a support for said spindle mounted for oscillation about an axis at an angle less than ninety degrees to the axis of said spindle.
8. A machine for grinding a non-cylindrical workpiece comprising (a) a work support for holding a workpiece in operative relation to a grinding wheel,
('b) said support including workpiece holding means on a work drive spindle rotatably mounted in a housing,
(c) means for oscillating said housing and spindle including a master cam on the spindle and engaging, by its periphery, a cam follower, and
(d) a pivot shaft pivotally supporting the master cam and spindle,
(e) the axis of the pivot shaft -being at an angle to the axis of the spindle.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 138,825 5/1873 Weiss 51--101 2,037,796 4/1936 Johnston et al. 51-101 2,179,213 11/1939 Green 51-101 2,559,534 7/1951 Green 51-101 2,599,987 6/1952 Green 51-101 3,247,619 4/1966 Price et a1. 51-101 LESTER M. SWINGLE, Primary Examiner.
US487156A 1965-09-14 1965-09-14 Piston grinding attachment Expired - Lifetime US3407541A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US487156A US3407541A (en) 1965-09-14 1965-09-14 Piston grinding attachment
DE1577401A DE1577401C3 (en) 1965-09-14 1966-09-13 Device for processing, in particular grinding, non-cylindrical workpieces
DEL42969U DE1949588U (en) 1965-09-14 1966-09-13 DEVICE FOR MACHINING, IN PARTICULAR GRINDING NON-CYLINDRICAL WORKPIECES.
GB40760/66A GB1141374A (en) 1965-09-14 1966-09-13 Improvements in and relating to grinding machines

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US487156A US3407541A (en) 1965-09-14 1965-09-14 Piston grinding attachment

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US3407541A true US3407541A (en) 1968-10-29

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DE (2) DE1577401C3 (en)
GB (1) GB1141374A (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US138825A (en) * 1873-05-13 Improvement in machines for milling pipe-tips
US2037796A (en) * 1933-03-29 1936-04-21 Ohio Units Inc Abrading or cutting apparatus
US2179213A (en) * 1938-09-16 1939-11-07 Norton Co Piston grinding apparatus
US2559534A (en) * 1950-06-13 1951-07-03 Norton Co Piston grinding machine
US2599987A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-06-10 Norton Co Piston grinding machine
US3247619A (en) * 1963-06-06 1966-04-26 Landis Tool Co Machine for grinding pistons automatically

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US138825A (en) * 1873-05-13 Improvement in machines for milling pipe-tips
US2037796A (en) * 1933-03-29 1936-04-21 Ohio Units Inc Abrading or cutting apparatus
US2179213A (en) * 1938-09-16 1939-11-07 Norton Co Piston grinding apparatus
US2599987A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-06-10 Norton Co Piston grinding machine
US2559534A (en) * 1950-06-13 1951-07-03 Norton Co Piston grinding machine
US3247619A (en) * 1963-06-06 1966-04-26 Landis Tool Co Machine for grinding pistons automatically

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1577401C3 (en) 1974-09-19
GB1141374A (en) 1969-01-29
DE1949588U (en) 1966-11-10
DE1577401A1 (en) 1970-02-12
DE1577401B2 (en) 1974-02-14

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