US3348037A - Catoptrical-dioptrical device for electric lighting - Google Patents

Catoptrical-dioptrical device for electric lighting Download PDF

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Publication number
US3348037A
US3348037A US476867A US47686765A US3348037A US 3348037 A US3348037 A US 3348037A US 476867 A US476867 A US 476867A US 47686765 A US47686765 A US 47686765A US 3348037 A US3348037 A US 3348037A
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United States
Prior art keywords
prisms
bulb
rays
straight
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US476867A
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English (en)
Inventor
Taltavull Ignacio Goytisolo
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US3348037A publication Critical patent/US3348037A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0071—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source adapted to illuminate a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/03—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type
    • F21S8/033—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade
    • F21S8/036—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F21S8/088—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device mounted on top of the standard, e.g. for pedestrian zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/10—Pendants, arms, or standards; Fixing lighting devices to pendants, arms, or standards
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/14—Adjustable mountings
    • F21V21/30—Pivoted housings or frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source

Definitions

  • An enclosure for a ligh bulb comprises a system of stepped prisms arranged in parallel planes to the equatorial plane of the light.
  • the enclosure comprises a plurality of intercoupled moulded prisms located in contiguous zones to said equatorial plane, the inner sectional surfaces of said prisms on which the luminous rays from said bulb fall having a straight generatrix Vand being essentially parallel to the vertical axis of said bulb, the outer upper surfaces of said prisms from which the luminous rays are totally reflected being flat and inclined to the vertical, and the outer lower surfaces of said prisms being of convex formation, so that the rays reflected from said upper surfaces emerge from said lower surfaces to cross one another and deviate from the longitudinal axis of said bulb without incidence on said prisms located on a lower plane, the lowest part of said enclosure forming an annular body of substantially concave form comprising two superimposed zones, the upper zone of said zone being a single
  • the present invention relates to an optical device, for directing the light coming from an electric lamp, composed of systems of stepped prisms of a transparent material that forms a surface of revolution around the axis of symmetry of the light source, the systems of prisms being made up of one, two or more moulded pieces of transparent plastics material Vor of glass and operating by total reflexion and by refraction.
  • the invention consists in a catoptrical-dioptrical device for electric lighting comprising, in combination with a stand or support of a light source, a plurality of concave moulded pieces or parts of transparent material that may be co-axially joined at their edges to form a block, cons tituting a system of stepped prisms formed by surfaces of revolution centred on the axis of symmetry of the lamp, with straight and curved generatrices, the said prisms being situated in parallel planes with respect to the equator of the lamp, of which prisms those situated above have larger dimensions than the rest of the prisms and are so arranged that light rays proceeding from the lamp and falling on the inner surfaces of the prisms are conducted to the outer faces of the prisms where the rays suffer total.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a lighting fitting embodying the invention and seen partly in section and partly from the outside, including one form of my device consisting of moulded transparent plastics pieces, one cylindrical part, and means for fixing the device to the lamp, and in which the trajectories of the light rays through the device are shown, the prisms in this case providing an intensive curve of light distribution;
  • FIGURE 2 represents the fitting of FIGURE 1 seen from the top
  • FIGURE 3 shows in detail the profile of the section of a totally reflecting prism of the device
  • FIGURE 4 shows the mounting of the fitting on a vertical surface, for which purpose it is provided with a jointed support to facilitate the directing of the light beam;
  • FIGURE 5 shows the fitting adapted for installing in the open.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a lighting fitting including a lightdirecting device embodying the invention and consisting of three moulded pieces 1, 5, and 6 of a transparent plastics material, each having the form of a body of revolution.
  • the three pieces are coaxial and on their axis a filament lamp 8 is supported in a suitable holder.
  • the bottom piece 1 is below the equatorial plane of the lamp corresponding to the plane of the filament, and it consists of a large upper prism 2 and the whole of which is situated below the said equatorial plane, and of several small lower prisms such as 3 and 4 forming a stepped surface, the whole piece ending in a lower opening 20.
  • Each of the upper moulded pieces 5 and 6 is formed by a single large prism situated on the equatorial zone of the lamp or above it at a height varying according to circumstances.
  • Each of the pieces is designed so that it is individually easy to mould, ease of manufacture being the reason why the apparatus consists of various parts put together to form one whole unit.
  • the detail of the section in FIGURE 1 shows the shape of the prism 2 of the piece 1, which produces total reflexion and diverging emission;
  • the inner face of prism 2 is a truncated cone with a straight generatrix line inclined at a certain angle from the vertical, the outside face also .being a truncated cone with a generatrix inclined at a different angle and in the opposite direction to the vertical, and there is a lower face with a generatrix line partly straight and partly concave, the curved part of the generatrix being a circular curve having its centre in the lower part of the drawing.
  • the shape is such that a rayl R1 issuing from the light source is refracted at the inner face, sustains total internal reflexion on the outer face,
  • each of them has an inner face which is a frusto-conical surface with a straight generatrix somewhat inclined towards the vertical; as to the outer face, it may be a truncated cone Y of straight generatrix inclined towards the vertical, but at a greater angle, or else a surface of revolution with a curved generatrix; the lower face is a surface having a convex generatrix that may consist'of circular arcs ofV different radius and with centres in the upper part of the figure, or else the generatrix may be a mixture of straight and curved lines.
  • the prisms are such that the rays S1, S2, T1, T2, are refracted at the inner surface, suffer total reflexion at the outer surface, and are refracted at the lower surface, emerging as the rays S1', S2', T1', T 2'; the rays issuing from the same prism cross soon after leaving it, in order that the rays leaving the inner part of the prism do not fall on the prism immediately below.V
  • the cylindrical shade 7 collects the light flux coming from the upperV part of the lamp, and enables the producing of a certain amount of indirect lighting, it may be coloured, transparent .or translucent, thus serving the purpose of an element of decoration. It also produces Va cooling current for the apparatus and the lamp by acting as a chimney. This current is illustrated in the drawing by the arrows F1, F2.
  • the shade 7 can also be in other suitable shapes, especially the lfrusto-conical form.
  • the prisms 2, 5 and 6, that work by total reection are the ones that collect the greater amount of the light ilux, ⁇ the light distribution in the emitted beam depends on their relative dimensions and their geometrical'shape, especially at the bottom, that is to say, where the rays issue by refraction, for which reason the lower faces may be more Vor less convex in the prisms 5 and 6, thus producing a converging emission, and concave or at formed prism 2, so as to obtain a diverging emission of the rays of light fro mthe same prism, the prisms shown in the drawings being merely examples of the various forms that may be adopted. It must be borne in mind that from each of light from the same prism, the prisms shown in the superposing of which cones produces a total cone of light, thus producing a distribution of light according to the direction given it and the form required.
  • a piece 12 that serves as a means of union between the shade 7 and the stand or support of the lamp is fixed by a nut 13 situated at a determined point on a screwed spigot 14 and is fastened by a lock-nut 15; by adjusting the position of piece 12 on spigot 14 it becomes possible to place the centre of the lamp 8 at the right height so that the centre of emission of the light from the light source is in the very best place.
  • the piece -6 is attached to the shade 7 by means of a bolt 9 that joins the-lower part of the shade 7 to an edge flange 10V of the piece 6.
  • the piece 5 is joined to 6 by the surface of contact with a flange 11, and the same occurs between pieces 1 and 5, it thus being possible to use as a joining element a solvent or a special cement for plastic material, or else a similar type of bolt to that joining pieces V6 and 7.
  • Three spider arms 16 support the shade 7 from the central piece 12.
  • FIGURE 3 shows in detail the shape of the upper prismatic variant 5 of FIGURE 1 and the trajectory of the luminous rays through it when it is a question of giving it a shape that permits the maximum reduction of the amount of material in the piece.
  • FIGURE 4 l shows the fitting' supported by an articulated device 22 including an arm 23 articulated to a piece 24 which is fixed in the screwed spigot 14, by means of which articulation the inclination of the axis of the fitting can be varied, and'in this way the light beam be sent in the desired direction.
  • FIGURE 5 shows the fitting adapted for outdoor use and for this purpose there has been added toit a cover 21 affording protection from the rain.
  • a supportfor said bulb and an enclosure for said bulb of transparent material comprising a system of stepped prisms arranged in parallel planes to that of the equatorial plane of said bulb consisting of a plurality of intercoupled moulded prisms located in contiguous zones to said equatorial plane, the inner sectional surfaces ofV Said having a straight generatrix and being essentially parallel to the vertical axis of said bulb, the outer upper surfaces of said prisms from which the luminous rays are totally reected being flat and inclined to the vertical, andthe outer lowerV surfaces of said prisms being of convex formation, so that the rays'rellected from said upper surfaces emerge from said lower surfaces to cross one an- ⁇ other and deviate from the longitudinal axis of said bulbwithout incidence on said prisms located on a lower plane, the lowest part of said Venclosure forming an annular body of substantially concave form comprising two superimposed zones, the upper zone of said zones being a single prism whose inner sectional surface
  • each of said prisms comprise a prism of revolution and are pro-V vided with a flange at their inner surfaces to overlap and be secured to a neighbouring prism to form ablock.
  • a catoptrical-dioptrical device having a lamp bulb, a support for said bulb, and an enclosure for said bulb of transparent material comprising a system of stepped prisms arranged in parallel planes to that of the equatorial plane of said bulb consisting of a plurality of intercoupled moulded prisms located in contiguous zones to said equatorial plane, the inner sectional surfaces of said prisms on which the luminous rays from said bulb fall having a straight generatrix and being essentially parallel to the vertical axis of said bulb, the outer upper surfaces of said prisms from which the luminous rays are totally reflected are convex and traced by points corresponding to a logarithmic spiral, and the outer lower surfaces of said prisms being of convex formation, so that the rays reflected from said upper surfaces emerge from said lower surfaces to cross one another and deviate from the longitudinal axis of said bulb without incidence on said prisms located on a lower plane, the lowest part of said enclosure forming

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
US476867A 1964-11-30 1965-08-03 Catoptrical-dioptrical device for electric lighting Expired - Lifetime US3348037A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES0306890A ES306890A1 (es) 1964-11-30 1964-11-30 Dispositivo catoptrico-dioptrico para aparatos de iluminacion

Publications (1)

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US3348037A true US3348037A (en) 1967-10-17

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ID=8442575

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US476867A Expired - Lifetime US3348037A (en) 1964-11-30 1965-08-03 Catoptrical-dioptrical device for electric lighting

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3348037A (xx)
AT (1) AT265430B (xx)
BE (1) BE672837A (xx)
CH (1) CH441504A (xx)
DE (1) DE1472502A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES306890A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6515349A (xx)
NO (1) NO115206B (xx)
SE (1) SE332401B (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646338A (en) * 1968-07-31 1972-02-29 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Lighting fitting
US4196544A (en) * 1978-04-10 1980-04-08 General Mills, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling plant growth with artificial light
EP0260047A2 (en) * 1986-09-10 1988-03-16 THORN EMI plc Improved spotlight arrangement
US4755921A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-07-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Lens
US5565221A (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-10-15 Dbm Reflex Enterprises Inc. Spacing means for reflex pin block
US20240117949A1 (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-11 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Fresnel projection lens with integrated function for satisfying overhead sign values

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3112973A1 (de) * 1981-04-01 1982-10-21 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt "optisches system einer aussenleuchte"
DE4309733A1 (de) * 1993-03-25 1994-12-15 Hoffbauer Herner Glas Leuchtenkörper aus durchscheinendem Werkstoff

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US538193A (en) * 1890-07-21 1895-04-23 Nand fredureau
FR581751A (fr) * 1923-08-20 1924-12-05 Georges Grimmeisen Et Cie Réflecteur pour lampe d'éclairage
US1551274A (en) * 1925-08-25 Highway-lighting unix
GB376831A (en) * 1931-04-17 1932-07-18 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in illumination appliances
FR786724A (fr) * 1934-03-10 1935-09-09 Dispositif de réflecteurs pour lampes électriques pour l'éclairage direct, indirect et semi indirect
US2062772A (en) * 1935-12-23 1936-12-01 Chase Companies Inc Lighting fixture
DE749999C (de) * 1940-12-21 1944-12-08 Elektrische Tischleuchte mit einem die Gluehlampe umgebenden Spiegel und einem aeusseren Huellglas
US2656453A (en) * 1949-05-16 1953-10-20 L J Segil Co Inc Fixture for annular fluorescent lamps
US2697777A (en) * 1953-01-19 1954-12-21 Rosa Ercole Lamp adapter

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1551274A (en) * 1925-08-25 Highway-lighting unix
US538193A (en) * 1890-07-21 1895-04-23 Nand fredureau
FR581751A (fr) * 1923-08-20 1924-12-05 Georges Grimmeisen Et Cie Réflecteur pour lampe d'éclairage
GB376831A (en) * 1931-04-17 1932-07-18 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in illumination appliances
FR786724A (fr) * 1934-03-10 1935-09-09 Dispositif de réflecteurs pour lampes électriques pour l'éclairage direct, indirect et semi indirect
US2062772A (en) * 1935-12-23 1936-12-01 Chase Companies Inc Lighting fixture
DE749999C (de) * 1940-12-21 1944-12-08 Elektrische Tischleuchte mit einem die Gluehlampe umgebenden Spiegel und einem aeusseren Huellglas
US2656453A (en) * 1949-05-16 1953-10-20 L J Segil Co Inc Fixture for annular fluorescent lamps
US2697777A (en) * 1953-01-19 1954-12-21 Rosa Ercole Lamp adapter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646338A (en) * 1968-07-31 1972-02-29 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Lighting fitting
US4196544A (en) * 1978-04-10 1980-04-08 General Mills, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling plant growth with artificial light
US4755921A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-07-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Lens
EP0260047A2 (en) * 1986-09-10 1988-03-16 THORN EMI plc Improved spotlight arrangement
EP0260047A3 (en) * 1986-09-10 1989-08-16 Thorn Emi Plc Improved spotlight arrangement
US5565221A (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-10-15 Dbm Reflex Enterprises Inc. Spacing means for reflex pin block
US20240117949A1 (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-11 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Fresnel projection lens with integrated function for satisfying overhead sign values

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1472502A1 (de) 1969-07-10
NL6515349A (xx) 1966-05-31
AT265430B (de) 1968-10-10
BE672837A (xx) 1966-03-16
ES306890A1 (es) 1965-05-16
CH441504A (de) 1967-08-15
NO115206B (xx) 1968-09-02
SE332401B (xx) 1971-02-08

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