US2820122A - Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout - Google Patents
Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2820122A US2820122A US519580A US51958055A US2820122A US 2820122 A US2820122 A US 2820122A US 519580 A US519580 A US 519580A US 51958055 A US51958055 A US 51958055A US 2820122 A US2820122 A US 2820122A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- circuit
- electrode
- arcs
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
- H01H33/187—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet comprising a hollow annular arc runner and a central contact between which a radially drawn arc rotates
Definitions
- This invention relates to circuit interrupters and more particularly to magnetic blowout, in which the disconnecting are, disposed between concentric electrodes, performs a rapid rotation within a narrow space defined by insulating members spaced close together.
- the invention has as a principal object to eliminate these disadvantages and to construct simple and less cumbersome circuit breakers having the greatest possible assurance of operation at high voltages built into them as well as considerable breaking power.
- the breaking arcs are subjected to magnetic blow-out fields which are distributed in an appropriate way in order to displace their roots at angular velocities which are very unequal to effect significant elongations of these arcs within a minimum time.
- means to cool the arcs by a good thermal contact with a narrow arc chute to suitably shift the phase of the magnetic field and to eliminate the production of undesirable gaseous pressures which could slow down or stop the rotation of arcs as well as to suitably shift the phase of the magnetic blow-out fields in relation to the current flowing through the circuit-breaker.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section view of an interrupter unit according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connections.
- Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of an embodiment of the circuit-breaker which contains two interrupting members in series and Fig. 4 is a variant of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1 there is shown in vertical section, an interrupting element which contains an internal ring-shaped conductor 1, forming the fixed electrode of the device and cooperating with a movable contact which may have the shape of an arcuate plate 2 carried by a pivoting .arm 3.
- the movable contact 2 is shown in its open posi- Fig. 1.
- the inner electrode incloses an axial core 6 terminated by two pole pieces 7 of appropriate shape and cross-section.
- a blow-out coil 8 one end of which is connected with the inner ring 1 and the other, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, forms an outer connection of the interrupting element.
- the pole pieces 7 disposed along the axis of the device are given a shape and size producing a reinforced field strength near the inner electrode 1 and a relatively reduced field strength near the outer electrode 4. This arrangement offers many important advantages in addition to a more effective utilization of the coil 8.
- the invention has the following particular features:
- FIG. 2 there are shown schematically two interrupters designated by A and B. Each of them is provided with a respective blowout coil, 8A and 8B, and a movable breaking electrode 2A or 2B, the latter cooperating with the corresponding inner electrodes 1.
- the connections 14 and 15 provided with fixed contacts 13A and 13B are connected by contacts of short circuit element 12A and 12B.
- a disconnecting switch S is preferably provided to suppress electrostatic stresses in the opened device.
- the required distribution of the magnetic blowout fields can beobtained, for example, if the pole'pieces 7 have suitable diameters, sizes and thicknesses. An excessive extension of the arc length must be avoided, because, in
- the movable contacts can have the form of two forks as One, called the principal fork, comother includes breakingbranchesZA and 2B cooperating with the two fixed electrodes or rings 1. If the circuitbreaker is closed, the current arrives'through the con- 8A, the ring 1, the branches 2A and 2B of the breaking fork and finally through the coil SE to the contact MB.
- the principal fork is fittedwith a link mechanism of anyv suitable form.
- a link mechanism of anyv suitable form.
- it. can be constructed as a shoulder 16 which is carried by an insulating stern 16A.
- the piece 16 carries away at great velocity the breaking fork 2A2B, which is suddenly separated from the ring electrodes, striking the two arcs which rotate simultaneously and are blown by the coils 8A and 8B.
- the narrow deionization chambers or are chutes are provided with ventilation means such as the draught chimneys or ventilation holes in the outer electrode referred to in the two aforementioned patents.
- the elongated rotating arcs of the described form act like the vanes of a centrifugal pump-in producing in the presence of the above openings a free centrifugal flow of fresh air inside of the interruption elements. Hence the high gaseous pressures which. may seriously brake the quick rotation of the arcs are eliminated; and this circulation efliciently contributes to cooling and to the definite extinction of the breaking arcs.
- the escape apertures 18A of both interruption elements A and YB are preferably oriented in opposite directions, as shown,
- the apertures 18 are preferably disposed in different angular positions in order to be spaced far away each from the other, .contrariwise to Fig. 3 whereboth apertures 18 are shown in the same radial plan to simplify illustration.
- the extinction of the arcs is improved by means of an impedance, such as a resistance R, represented in Fig. l and connected to complet for example, the secondary turn which is formed by the outer electrode 4.
- an impedance such as a resistance R, represented in Fig. l and connected to complet for example, the secondary turn which is formed by the outer electrode 4.
- R an impedance
- a secondary current which is induced in the element i produces a component of the magnetic field which is shifted by 90 electrical degrees in relation to the current ibeing' interrupted.
- the insulating disks 10 and 11 of the arc chutes are arranged in such a way that they can be easily dismounted to facilitate maintenance and cleaning. Also there can be provided means which allow rotation of these disks from time to time in order to equalize their wear, if any.
- the construction according to Figs. 2 and 3 involves a disconnecting switch S which is installed to suppress electrostatic stresses in the device after opening its contacts.
- the opening is effected in three stages: first, the separation between the elements 13A and 12A which insert the blowout coils, is performed, whereupon the current passes through the fixed contacts 13B, elongated for this purpose, secondly, the blown break .is carried out by the displacement of the movable 'contacts 2A and 2B; finally, the separation effected between 13B and 12B secures a complete disconnection of the current.
- the fixed contacts and the mechanical system providedfor operation in the desired order can be locatedbetween the two breaking chambers or arc chutes A and B instead of being disposed externally thereof as shown in Figs. 2 and 4.
- the means according to the invention provide circuit breakers with magnetic blowout having reduced dimensions. A great simplicity, good insulation and quick and .efiicient circuit breaking characteristics with a practically uniform distribution of thermal insulating partition walls of the arc chutes.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus for interrupting electrical currents of relatively high potential and large current value comprising, two stationary, concentric spaced, substantially cylindrical, conductive electrodesginsulating members extendingtransversely of the longitudinal .axis of said electrodes and spaced providing relatively large, cooling and arc-deionizing surfaces cooperating with said electrodes in defining at least one narrow substantially confined space between adjacent insulating members; ci'rcuit interrupting means including means for establishing an arc between said electrodes; and means comprising electro-magnetic means for producing a magnetic field having thermal contact with the large deionizing surfaces so as to be readily extinguished.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said concentric electrodes comprise split rings thereby precluding secondary currents from being induced in at least-the inner electrode when said arc -is established.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus including impedance means shunting the split in the outer ring electrode thereby to allow a secondary current to be induced in said outer ring electrode, said impedance means having a selected value for shifting the phase of said secondary current thereby to generate a phase-shifted component in said magnetic field and to maintain the rotation of the arc column by said component when the current being interrupted is passing through its zero value.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said magnetic field has a value for maintaining the leading end of the arc angularly spaced from the trailing end of said are thereby to preclude restriking the are.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said insulating members are provided with apertures for venting gas pressure in said narrow space and disposed for cooperating with said rotating arc in establishing a centrifugal fresh air flow in said narrow space.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus for interrupting electrical currents of relatively high potential and large current value comprising, two stationary, concentric, spaced, substantially cylindrical, conductive electrodes; at least two insulating discs extending transversely of the longitudinal axis of said electrodes and spaced providing relatively large, arc-cooling surfaces cooperating with said electrodes defining at least one narrow space between adjacent discs thereby forming a narrow circular arc chute, with the periphery of the inner electrode and means for moving said contacting means radially away from said inner electrode and for cooperating with said contracting means in establishing an are between said electrodes; and means including at least one coil for producing an electromagnetic field having a greater intensity close to the inner electrode than it has near the outer electrode, whereby the arc flattened by said cooling surfaces is stretched longitudinally by rotation on the surfaces of said electrodes at diiferent speeds and readily extinguished, the angular velocity of the arc root on the inner electrode surface being greater than the angular velocity of the arc root on the inner surface of the outer electrode,
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which the insulating discs defining said are chute space are provided with apertures positioned to cooperate with said rotating arc to produce a centrifugal air flow in said chute for providing fresh air therein and for simultaneously venting gaseous pressures formed by the arc.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said insulating discs are rotatably mounted thereby to allow selective rotation thereof in order to equalize their wear.
- a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said means for producing the electromagnetic field include means for rotating the arc roots at different angular velocities without the angular difference in positions of said are roots attaining 360 thereby precluding restriking the arc.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR955704X | 1954-07-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2820122A true US2820122A (en) | 1958-01-14 |
Family
ID=9487702
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US519580A Expired - Lifetime US2820122A (en) | 1954-07-16 | 1955-07-01 | Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2820122A (it) |
BE (1) | BE539076A (it) |
DE (1) | DE955704C (it) |
FR (1) | FR1109180A (it) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3128359A (en) * | 1960-01-06 | 1964-04-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Circuit interrupters having arc extinguishing means |
US3234345A (en) * | 1960-04-11 | 1966-02-08 | Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard | Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin |
US3542985A (en) * | 1967-01-27 | 1970-11-24 | Asea Ab | Circuit breaker for high voltage direct current |
US4109122A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1978-08-22 | Hazemeijer B.V. | Vacuum switch with intermittently energized electromagnetic coil |
US4393289A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1983-07-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Circuit breaker |
US4980528A (en) * | 1987-10-31 | 1990-12-25 | Northern Engineering Industries Plc | Arc interrupter |
FR2834121A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-27 | Alstom | Disjoncteur limiteur de courant |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1261579B (de) * | 1959-12-03 | 1968-02-22 | Weber A G | Niederspannungsschaltgeraet fuer Wechselstrom |
NL159524B (nl) * | 1975-04-02 | 1979-02-15 | Hazemeijer Bv | Elektrische schakelaar, vonkbrug of dergelijke voorzien van een boogblusinrichting met spiraal- of schroefgewijs gekromde boogvoetgeleiders. |
US4401870A (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1983-08-30 | Hydro-Quebec | Modular suction-gas-cooled magnetic blast circuit breaker |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US967280A (en) * | 1910-02-04 | 1910-08-16 | Gen Electric | Magnetic blow-out. |
US1015442A (en) * | 1907-02-23 | 1912-01-23 | Clinton J Hixson | Circuit-interrupter. |
FR693293A (fr) * | 1928-12-29 | 1930-11-18 | Merlin Gerin | Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs électriques |
US2051478A (en) * | 1933-04-25 | 1936-08-18 | Weldon O Hampton | Arc extinguishing apparatus |
US2109226A (en) * | 1936-01-30 | 1938-02-22 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Circuit breaker |
US2150564A (en) * | 1935-09-28 | 1939-03-14 | Trumbull Electric Mfg Co | Circuit breaker |
-
0
- BE BE539076D patent/BE539076A/xx unknown
-
1954
- 1954-07-16 FR FR1109180D patent/FR1109180A/fr not_active Expired
-
1955
- 1955-06-25 DE DEF17790A patent/DE955704C/de not_active Expired
- 1955-07-01 US US519580A patent/US2820122A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1015442A (en) * | 1907-02-23 | 1912-01-23 | Clinton J Hixson | Circuit-interrupter. |
US967280A (en) * | 1910-02-04 | 1910-08-16 | Gen Electric | Magnetic blow-out. |
FR693293A (fr) * | 1928-12-29 | 1930-11-18 | Merlin Gerin | Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs électriques |
FR719593A (fr) * | 1928-12-29 | 1932-02-11 | Merlin Gerin | Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'extinction des arcs électriques |
US2051478A (en) * | 1933-04-25 | 1936-08-18 | Weldon O Hampton | Arc extinguishing apparatus |
US2150564A (en) * | 1935-09-28 | 1939-03-14 | Trumbull Electric Mfg Co | Circuit breaker |
US2109226A (en) * | 1936-01-30 | 1938-02-22 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Circuit breaker |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3128359A (en) * | 1960-01-06 | 1964-04-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Circuit interrupters having arc extinguishing means |
US3234345A (en) * | 1960-04-11 | 1966-02-08 | Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard | Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin |
US3542985A (en) * | 1967-01-27 | 1970-11-24 | Asea Ab | Circuit breaker for high voltage direct current |
US4109122A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1978-08-22 | Hazemeijer B.V. | Vacuum switch with intermittently energized electromagnetic coil |
US4393289A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1983-07-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Circuit breaker |
US4980528A (en) * | 1987-10-31 | 1990-12-25 | Northern Engineering Industries Plc | Arc interrupter |
FR2834121A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-27 | Alstom | Disjoncteur limiteur de courant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE539076A (it) | |
DE955704C (de) | 1957-01-10 |
FR1109180A (fr) | 1956-01-23 |
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