US2820122A - Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout - Google Patents

Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout Download PDF

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Publication number
US2820122A
US2820122A US519580A US51958055A US2820122A US 2820122 A US2820122 A US 2820122A US 519580 A US519580 A US 519580A US 51958055 A US51958055 A US 51958055A US 2820122 A US2820122 A US 2820122A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
circuit
electrode
arcs
electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US519580A
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English (en)
Inventor
Teszner Stanislas
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Forges et Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Jeumont SA
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/187—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet comprising a hollow annular arc runner and a central contact between which a radially drawn arc rotates

Definitions

  • This invention relates to circuit interrupters and more particularly to magnetic blowout, in which the disconnecting are, disposed between concentric electrodes, performs a rapid rotation within a narrow space defined by insulating members spaced close together.
  • the invention has as a principal object to eliminate these disadvantages and to construct simple and less cumbersome circuit breakers having the greatest possible assurance of operation at high voltages built into them as well as considerable breaking power.
  • the breaking arcs are subjected to magnetic blow-out fields which are distributed in an appropriate way in order to displace their roots at angular velocities which are very unequal to effect significant elongations of these arcs within a minimum time.
  • means to cool the arcs by a good thermal contact with a narrow arc chute to suitably shift the phase of the magnetic field and to eliminate the production of undesirable gaseous pressures which could slow down or stop the rotation of arcs as well as to suitably shift the phase of the magnetic blow-out fields in relation to the current flowing through the circuit-breaker.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section view of an interrupter unit according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connections.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of an embodiment of the circuit-breaker which contains two interrupting members in series and Fig. 4 is a variant of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown in vertical section, an interrupting element which contains an internal ring-shaped conductor 1, forming the fixed electrode of the device and cooperating with a movable contact which may have the shape of an arcuate plate 2 carried by a pivoting .arm 3.
  • the movable contact 2 is shown in its open posi- Fig. 1.
  • the inner electrode incloses an axial core 6 terminated by two pole pieces 7 of appropriate shape and cross-section.
  • a blow-out coil 8 one end of which is connected with the inner ring 1 and the other, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, forms an outer connection of the interrupting element.
  • the pole pieces 7 disposed along the axis of the device are given a shape and size producing a reinforced field strength near the inner electrode 1 and a relatively reduced field strength near the outer electrode 4. This arrangement offers many important advantages in addition to a more effective utilization of the coil 8.
  • the invention has the following particular features:
  • FIG. 2 there are shown schematically two interrupters designated by A and B. Each of them is provided with a respective blowout coil, 8A and 8B, and a movable breaking electrode 2A or 2B, the latter cooperating with the corresponding inner electrodes 1.
  • the connections 14 and 15 provided with fixed contacts 13A and 13B are connected by contacts of short circuit element 12A and 12B.
  • a disconnecting switch S is preferably provided to suppress electrostatic stresses in the opened device.
  • the required distribution of the magnetic blowout fields can beobtained, for example, if the pole'pieces 7 have suitable diameters, sizes and thicknesses. An excessive extension of the arc length must be avoided, because, in
  • the movable contacts can have the form of two forks as One, called the principal fork, comother includes breakingbranchesZA and 2B cooperating with the two fixed electrodes or rings 1. If the circuitbreaker is closed, the current arrives'through the con- 8A, the ring 1, the branches 2A and 2B of the breaking fork and finally through the coil SE to the contact MB.
  • the principal fork is fittedwith a link mechanism of anyv suitable form.
  • a link mechanism of anyv suitable form.
  • it. can be constructed as a shoulder 16 which is carried by an insulating stern 16A.
  • the piece 16 carries away at great velocity the breaking fork 2A2B, which is suddenly separated from the ring electrodes, striking the two arcs which rotate simultaneously and are blown by the coils 8A and 8B.
  • the narrow deionization chambers or are chutes are provided with ventilation means such as the draught chimneys or ventilation holes in the outer electrode referred to in the two aforementioned patents.
  • the elongated rotating arcs of the described form act like the vanes of a centrifugal pump-in producing in the presence of the above openings a free centrifugal flow of fresh air inside of the interruption elements. Hence the high gaseous pressures which. may seriously brake the quick rotation of the arcs are eliminated; and this circulation efliciently contributes to cooling and to the definite extinction of the breaking arcs.
  • the escape apertures 18A of both interruption elements A and YB are preferably oriented in opposite directions, as shown,
  • the apertures 18 are preferably disposed in different angular positions in order to be spaced far away each from the other, .contrariwise to Fig. 3 whereboth apertures 18 are shown in the same radial plan to simplify illustration.
  • the extinction of the arcs is improved by means of an impedance, such as a resistance R, represented in Fig. l and connected to complet for example, the secondary turn which is formed by the outer electrode 4.
  • an impedance such as a resistance R, represented in Fig. l and connected to complet for example, the secondary turn which is formed by the outer electrode 4.
  • R an impedance
  • a secondary current which is induced in the element i produces a component of the magnetic field which is shifted by 90 electrical degrees in relation to the current ibeing' interrupted.
  • the insulating disks 10 and 11 of the arc chutes are arranged in such a way that they can be easily dismounted to facilitate maintenance and cleaning. Also there can be provided means which allow rotation of these disks from time to time in order to equalize their wear, if any.
  • the construction according to Figs. 2 and 3 involves a disconnecting switch S which is installed to suppress electrostatic stresses in the device after opening its contacts.
  • the opening is effected in three stages: first, the separation between the elements 13A and 12A which insert the blowout coils, is performed, whereupon the current passes through the fixed contacts 13B, elongated for this purpose, secondly, the blown break .is carried out by the displacement of the movable 'contacts 2A and 2B; finally, the separation effected between 13B and 12B secures a complete disconnection of the current.
  • the fixed contacts and the mechanical system providedfor operation in the desired order can be locatedbetween the two breaking chambers or arc chutes A and B instead of being disposed externally thereof as shown in Figs. 2 and 4.
  • the means according to the invention provide circuit breakers with magnetic blowout having reduced dimensions. A great simplicity, good insulation and quick and .efiicient circuit breaking characteristics with a practically uniform distribution of thermal insulating partition walls of the arc chutes.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus for interrupting electrical currents of relatively high potential and large current value comprising, two stationary, concentric spaced, substantially cylindrical, conductive electrodesginsulating members extendingtransversely of the longitudinal .axis of said electrodes and spaced providing relatively large, cooling and arc-deionizing surfaces cooperating with said electrodes in defining at least one narrow substantially confined space between adjacent insulating members; ci'rcuit interrupting means including means for establishing an arc between said electrodes; and means comprising electro-magnetic means for producing a magnetic field having thermal contact with the large deionizing surfaces so as to be readily extinguished.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said concentric electrodes comprise split rings thereby precluding secondary currents from being induced in at least-the inner electrode when said arc -is established.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus including impedance means shunting the split in the outer ring electrode thereby to allow a secondary current to be induced in said outer ring electrode, said impedance means having a selected value for shifting the phase of said secondary current thereby to generate a phase-shifted component in said magnetic field and to maintain the rotation of the arc column by said component when the current being interrupted is passing through its zero value.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said magnetic field has a value for maintaining the leading end of the arc angularly spaced from the trailing end of said are thereby to preclude restriking the are.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said insulating members are provided with apertures for venting gas pressure in said narrow space and disposed for cooperating with said rotating arc in establishing a centrifugal fresh air flow in said narrow space.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus for interrupting electrical currents of relatively high potential and large current value comprising, two stationary, concentric, spaced, substantially cylindrical, conductive electrodes; at least two insulating discs extending transversely of the longitudinal axis of said electrodes and spaced providing relatively large, arc-cooling surfaces cooperating with said electrodes defining at least one narrow space between adjacent discs thereby forming a narrow circular arc chute, with the periphery of the inner electrode and means for moving said contacting means radially away from said inner electrode and for cooperating with said contracting means in establishing an are between said electrodes; and means including at least one coil for producing an electromagnetic field having a greater intensity close to the inner electrode than it has near the outer electrode, whereby the arc flattened by said cooling surfaces is stretched longitudinally by rotation on the surfaces of said electrodes at diiferent speeds and readily extinguished, the angular velocity of the arc root on the inner electrode surface being greater than the angular velocity of the arc root on the inner surface of the outer electrode,
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which the insulating discs defining said are chute space are provided with apertures positioned to cooperate with said rotating arc to produce a centrifugal air flow in said chute for providing fresh air therein and for simultaneously venting gaseous pressures formed by the arc.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said insulating discs are rotatably mounted thereby to allow selective rotation thereof in order to equalize their wear.
  • a circuit interrupting apparatus in which said means for producing the electromagnetic field include means for rotating the arc roots at different angular velocities without the angular difference in positions of said are roots attaining 360 thereby precluding restriking the arc.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US519580A 1954-07-16 1955-07-01 Circuit breakers with magnetic blowout Expired - Lifetime US2820122A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR955704X 1954-07-16

Publications (1)

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US2820122A true US2820122A (en) 1958-01-14

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US (1) US2820122A (it)
BE (1) BE539076A (it)
DE (1) DE955704C (it)
FR (1) FR1109180A (it)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3128359A (en) * 1960-01-06 1964-04-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters having arc extinguishing means
US3234345A (en) * 1960-04-11 1966-02-08 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin
US3542985A (en) * 1967-01-27 1970-11-24 Asea Ab Circuit breaker for high voltage direct current
US4109122A (en) * 1976-03-03 1978-08-22 Hazemeijer B.V. Vacuum switch with intermittently energized electromagnetic coil
US4393289A (en) * 1976-12-30 1983-07-12 Texas Instruments Incorporated Circuit breaker
US4980528A (en) * 1987-10-31 1990-12-25 Northern Engineering Industries Plc Arc interrupter
FR2834121A1 (fr) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-27 Alstom Disjoncteur limiteur de courant

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1261579B (de) * 1959-12-03 1968-02-22 Weber A G Niederspannungsschaltgeraet fuer Wechselstrom
NL159524B (nl) * 1975-04-02 1979-02-15 Hazemeijer Bv Elektrische schakelaar, vonkbrug of dergelijke voorzien van een boogblusinrichting met spiraal- of schroefgewijs gekromde boogvoetgeleiders.
US4401870A (en) * 1981-11-10 1983-08-30 Hydro-Quebec Modular suction-gas-cooled magnetic blast circuit breaker

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US967280A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
US1015442A (en) * 1907-02-23 1912-01-23 Clinton J Hixson Circuit-interrupter.
FR693293A (fr) * 1928-12-29 1930-11-18 Merlin Gerin Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs électriques
US2051478A (en) * 1933-04-25 1936-08-18 Weldon O Hampton Arc extinguishing apparatus
US2109226A (en) * 1936-01-30 1938-02-22 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
US2150564A (en) * 1935-09-28 1939-03-14 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Circuit breaker

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1015442A (en) * 1907-02-23 1912-01-23 Clinton J Hixson Circuit-interrupter.
US967280A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
FR693293A (fr) * 1928-12-29 1930-11-18 Merlin Gerin Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs électriques
FR719593A (fr) * 1928-12-29 1932-02-11 Merlin Gerin Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'extinction des arcs électriques
US2051478A (en) * 1933-04-25 1936-08-18 Weldon O Hampton Arc extinguishing apparatus
US2150564A (en) * 1935-09-28 1939-03-14 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Circuit breaker
US2109226A (en) * 1936-01-30 1938-02-22 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3128359A (en) * 1960-01-06 1964-04-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters having arc extinguishing means
US3234345A (en) * 1960-04-11 1966-02-08 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin
US3542985A (en) * 1967-01-27 1970-11-24 Asea Ab Circuit breaker for high voltage direct current
US4109122A (en) * 1976-03-03 1978-08-22 Hazemeijer B.V. Vacuum switch with intermittently energized electromagnetic coil
US4393289A (en) * 1976-12-30 1983-07-12 Texas Instruments Incorporated Circuit breaker
US4980528A (en) * 1987-10-31 1990-12-25 Northern Engineering Industries Plc Arc interrupter
FR2834121A1 (fr) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-27 Alstom Disjoncteur limiteur de courant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE539076A (it)
DE955704C (de) 1957-01-10
FR1109180A (fr) 1956-01-23

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