US20060275141A1 - Method of feeding an inert gas and a system therefor - Google Patents
Method of feeding an inert gas and a system therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060275141A1 US20060275141A1 US11/421,567 US42156706A US2006275141A1 US 20060275141 A1 US20060275141 A1 US 20060275141A1 US 42156706 A US42156706 A US 42156706A US 2006275141 A1 US2006275141 A1 US 2006275141A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- gas
- inert gas
- pressure
- storage tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
- F04B49/022—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
- F04B49/03—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of compressing an inert gas sent from an inert gas source by a piston-reciprocating compressor and a system therefor.
- An inert gas such as N 2 gas in a cylinder or produced in a N 2 gas generator is compressed by a booster compressor and forwarded to a high-pressure storage tank or part for use.
- An ordinary piston-reciprocating compressor is generally employed as a booster compressor.
- An inert gas is compressed by a piston-reciprocating compressor.
- a supply valve between the inert gas source and the compressor is closed, pressure of a gas in a compression chamber on a piston becomes less than atmospheric pressure, so that air in a crank case under the piston likely invades into the compression chamber through the outer circumferential surface of the piston.
- the inert gas is diluted by air, so that the density of the inert gas in the compression chamber is reduced.
- the supply valve is left open to let the inert gas source to communicate with the compression chamber even when the compressor stops, so that the compression chamber of the compressor does not become negative pressure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- a sucking conduit 3 from an outlet hole 2 is connected to an inlet 10 of a piston-reciprocating compressor 9 having a piston 8 which reciprocates in a cylinder by a motor, via a supply valve 5 such as a two-way electromagnetic valve.
- a release conduit 12 from an outlet 11 of the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 is connected to a high-pressure storage tank 14 via a check valve 13 .
- a relief valve such as a two-way electromagnetic valve 16 is connected to the conduit 12 .
- a pressure switch 23 of the high-pressure storage tank 14 is connected to a controller 22 via a connecting line 24 .
- a discharge valve 26 is connected to a discharge hole 25 of the high-pressure storage tank 14 .
- the supply valve 5 is opened with instructions from the controller 22 , the relief valve 16 is closed after opening during a certain time, and the piston 8 is reciprocated in the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 by the motor 6 .
- the inert gas from the inert gas source 1 via the sucking conduit 3 is compressed by the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 and forwarded to the high-pressure storage tank 14 via the check valve 13 .
- the pressure switch 23 detects it.
- the controller 22 instructs the supply valve 5 to close and to stop the motor 6 to allow the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 to stop.
- the low-density inert gas in the release conduit 12 is released for certain time.
- released inert gas from the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 becomes more than a certain density to make the controller 22 instruct to allow the relief valve 16 to close.
- the piston-reciprocating compressor 9 does not suck external air, but allows high-density inert gas from the inert gas source 1 to go to the high-pressure storage tank 14 via the check valve 13 .
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a three-way electromagnetic valve 28 is provided instead of the two-way electromagnetic valve 16 and the check valve 13 in FIG. 1 .
- a supply valve 5 in a sucking conduit 3 is opened and the three-way electromagnetic valve 28 of a release conduit 12 is opened for a certain time, and then closed.
- the supply valve 5 is opened and the three-way electromagnetic valve 28 is opened, so that low-density inert gas in the sucking conduit 3 and the compression chamber is released from the release conduit.
- release is stopped by switching the three-way electromagnetic valve 28 to allow it to communicate with the storage tank 14 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
An inert gas is fed from an inert gas source to a piston-reciprocating compressor and compressed therein. The compressed gas is sent to a high-pressure storage tank. Pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank is detected. When it reaches an upper limit, the piston-reciprocating compressor is stopped by a controller. At the same time, the gas is not fed from the inert gas source into the piston-reciprocating compressor and the gas from the compressor is released to outside. Meanwhile, when the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank reaches to a lower limit, the compressor starts. At the same time, the inert gas source is allowed to communicate with the compressor, and the gas which reaches to a desired density after the gas is released is sent from the compressor to the tank.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of compressing an inert gas sent from an inert gas source by a piston-reciprocating compressor and a system therefor.
- An inert gas such as N2 gas in a cylinder or produced in a N2 gas generator is compressed by a booster compressor and forwarded to a high-pressure storage tank or part for use.
- An ordinary piston-reciprocating compressor is generally employed as a booster compressor.
- An inert gas is compressed by a piston-reciprocating compressor. When a supply valve between the inert gas source and the compressor is closed, pressure of a gas in a compression chamber on a piston becomes less than atmospheric pressure, so that air in a crank case under the piston likely invades into the compression chamber through the outer circumferential surface of the piston.
- The inert gas is diluted by air, so that the density of the inert gas in the compression chamber is reduced.
- To prevent such state, the supply valve is left open to let the inert gas source to communicate with the compression chamber even when the compressor stops, so that the compression chamber of the compressor does not become negative pressure.
- However, in this case, a compressed gas in the compression chamber leaks into the crank case on the outer circumferential surface of the piston and is uselessly lost.
- In view of the disadvantages above, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of preventing density of an inert gas in a high-pressure storage tank from lowering without losing the inert gas and a system therefor.
- The features and advantages will become more apparent from the following description with respect to embodiments as shown in accompanying drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. - In an inert gas source 1 such as an inert gas generator of N2 gas or an inert gas cylinder which is filled with N2 under pressure, a sucking
conduit 3 from anoutlet hole 2 is connected to aninlet 10 of a piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 having apiston 8 which reciprocates in a cylinder by a motor, via asupply valve 5 such as a two-way electromagnetic valve. - A release conduit 12 from an
outlet 11 of the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 is connected to a high-pressure storage tank 14 via acheck valve 13. Between theoutlet 11 and thecheck valve 13, a relief valve such as a two-wayelectromagnetic valve 16 is connected to theconduit 12. - A
pressure switch 23 of the high-pressure storage tank 14 is connected to acontroller 22 via aconnecting line 24. - A
discharge valve 26 is connected to adischarge hole 25 of the high-pressure storage tank 14. To fill the high-pressure storage tank 14 with an inert gas, thesupply valve 5 is opened with instructions from thecontroller 22, therelief valve 16 is closed after opening during a certain time, and thepiston 8 is reciprocated in the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 by themotor 6. - The inert gas from the inert gas source 1 via the sucking
conduit 3 is compressed by the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 and forwarded to the high-pressure storage tank 14 via thecheck valve 13. When pressure in the high-pressure storage tank 14 reaches an upper limit, thepressure switch 23 detects it. Thecontroller 22 instructs thesupply valve 5 to close and to stop themotor 6 to allow the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 to stop. - There is a little time lag between closing of the
supply valve 5 and full stop of the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9. During the time lag, a compression chamber on thepiston 8 of the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 is decompressed to allow air to come into the compression chamber during a sucking stroke where the piston goes down. So air is mixed with the inert gas in the compression chamber and the suckingconduit 3, so that the density of the gas is reduced. - In this state, when the piston-reciprocating
compressor 9 is operated again, density-reduced inert gas is sent to the high-pressure storage tank 14 within the time for recompression. So at the same time with or right after the recompression of the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9, thesupply valve 5 is opened by the instructions of the controller, so that high-density inert gas in the inert gas source 1 is sent to the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 and low-density inert gas in therelease conduit 12 is released via therelief valve 16. - The low-density inert gas in the
release conduit 12 is released for certain time. Thus, released inert gas from the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 becomes more than a certain density to make thecontroller 22 instruct to allow therelief valve 16 to close. - Hereinafter, the piston-reciprocating
compressor 9 does not suck external air, but allows high-density inert gas from the inert gas source 1 to go to the high-pressure storage tank 14 via thecheck valve 13. - When an upper limit of pressure of inert gas in the high-
pressure storage tank 14 is detected by thepressure switch 23, thesupply valve 5 is allowed to close via thecontroller 22 and themotor 6 is stopped to allow thepiston 8 to stop. -
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a three-wayelectromagnetic valve 28 is provided instead of the two-wayelectromagnetic valve 16 and thecheck valve 13 inFIG. 1 . - To compress an inert gas in a piston-reciprocating
compressor 9, asupply valve 5 in a suckingconduit 3 is opened and the three-wayelectromagnetic valve 28 of arelease conduit 12 is opened for a certain time, and then closed. - When the pressure in a
storage tank 14 reaches a certain level, the piston-reciprocatingcompressor 9 is stopped and asupply valve 5 is closed by acontroller 22. The three-wayelectromagnetic valve 28 is still opened. - When the piston-reciprocating
compressor 9 starts to compress a gas again, thesupply valve 5 is opened and the three-wayelectromagnetic valve 28 is opened, so that low-density inert gas in the suckingconduit 3 and the compression chamber is released from the release conduit. When the density of the inert gas becomes a certain level, release is stopped by switching the three-wayelectromagnetic valve 28 to allow it to communicate with thestorage tank 14. - The foregoing merely relates to embodiments of the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of claims wherein:
Claims (7)
1. A method of feeding an inert gas, comprising the steps of:
feeding the inert gas from an inert gas source to a piston-reciprocating compressor;
compressing the gas in the piston-reciprocating compressor;
sending the compressed gas to a high-pressure storage tank;
detecting pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank when the pressure reaches an upper limit, to stop the piston-reciprocating compressor and feed of the inert gas into the piston-reciprocating compressor while the gas from the piston-reciprocating compressor is released to outside; and
detecting pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank when the pressure reaches to a lower limit, to start the piston-reciprocating compressor and to allow the inert gas source to communicate with the piston-reciprocating compressor while the gas is supplied from the piston-reciprocating compressor into the high-pressure storage tank when the gas reaches a desired density after the gas is released.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the inert gas comprises N2.
3. A high-pressure inert gas feeding system comprising:
an inert gas source feeding an inert gas;
a sucking conduit having a supply valve and connected to the inert gas source;
a piston-reciprocating compressor having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet being connected to the sucking conduit, said compressor compressing the inert gas;
a release conduit connected to the outlet of the piston-reciprocating compressor and having a relief valve;
a high-pressure storage tank connected to the release conduit and receiving the high-pressure inert gas; and
a controller connected to the high-pressure storage tank, the supply valve of the sucking conduit, the piston-reciprocating compressor and the relief valve of the release conduit, said controller closing the supply valve, stopping the piston-reciprocating compressor and opening the relief valve to allow the gas to flow to outside when the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank reaches an upper limit, while said controller opens the supply valve, starting the piston-reciprocating compressor and shutting the relief valve after density of the gas reaches a desired level to allow the release conduit to communicate with the high-pressure storage tank when the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank reaches a lower limit.
4. A system according to claim 3 wherein the inert gas comprises N2.
5. A system according to claim 3 wherein the relief valve comprises a two-way electromagnetic valve, said system further comprising a check valve in the release conduit between two-way electromagnetic valve and the high-pressure storage tank.
6. A system according to claim 3 wherein the relief valve comprises a three-way electromagnetic valve.
7. A system according to claim 3 wherein a pressure switch is connected to the high-pressure storage tank to detect the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure storage tank to send it to the controller.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005-164130 | 2005-06-03 | ||
JP2005164130A JP2006336574A (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Method and device for raising pressure of inert gas and feeding inert gas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060275141A1 true US20060275141A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
Family
ID=37483841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/421,567 Abandoned US20060275141A1 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-06-01 | Method of feeding an inert gas and a system therefor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060275141A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006336574A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100814054B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100419334C (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102252164A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-23 | 王志望 | Device for preventing air negative pressure from exceeding limit |
US20150239058A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | MHIW b.v. | Method and apparatus for metal shield-gas welding |
EP2358975A4 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2017-04-12 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Vessel compressor methods and systems |
US9718082B2 (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2017-08-01 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Inline dispense capacitor |
WO2017186416A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-11-02 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Piston compressor with a closing device for the outlet line |
US10354872B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-07-16 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-precision dispense system with meniscus control |
US10403501B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-09-03 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-purity dispense system |
US10712663B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2020-07-14 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-purity dispense unit |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5188742B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-04-24 | 株式会社日立産機システム | Gas pressure compressor |
CN101698268B (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2012-05-16 | 宁波金凤焊割机械制造有限公司 | Friction type intersecting line cutting machine |
JP5692649B2 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2015-04-01 | 株式会社エイエムアイ・テクノ | Pressure production method |
CN102312871A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2012-01-11 | 山西晋西压力容器有限责任公司 | Mechanical pressure conversion container |
KR101460521B1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-11-20 | 신학섭 | Booster for charge of nitrogen |
CN111336709B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-12-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Air charging clamp for refrigerator and air charging method for refrigerator |
RU201616U1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-23 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Ухта" | NITROGEN COMPRESSOR UNIT WITH GAS-PISTON DRIVE |
RU202563U1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-25 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Краснодарский Компрессорный завод» | Mobile nitrogen compressor station |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5388413A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1995-02-14 | Major; Thomas O. | Portable nitrogen source |
US20030099549A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-05-29 | Kuei-Hsien Shen | Air compressor control system |
US6634598B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-10-21 | Kenneth Susko | On-board fuel inerting system |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US4317556A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1982-03-02 | Dietrich Iii Arthur G | Turbine skid base |
JP2508695B2 (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1996-06-19 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for operating a plurality of compressors in parallel |
JPH0552184A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-03-02 | Nabco Ltd | Pressure air supply device |
JPH0599158A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-04-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Control device for compressor compressed air |
CN2260228Y (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-08-20 | 机械工业部第七设计研究院 | Apparatus for filling or recovering gas SF6 of oil-free type |
US6168048B1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2001-01-02 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Methods and systems for distributing liquid chemicals |
JP2000230700A (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-22 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Gas charging device |
JP3538571B2 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2004-06-14 | 日東工器株式会社 | Automatic backwash blower |
JP2001082329A (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-27 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | High pressure gas generating device |
US6785980B1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2004-09-07 | Haldex Brake Corporation | Compressed air supply system |
-
2005
- 2005-06-03 JP JP2005164130A patent/JP2006336574A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-06-01 US US11/421,567 patent/US20060275141A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-02 KR KR1020060049876A patent/KR100814054B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-02 CN CNB200610083688XA patent/CN100419334C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5388413A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1995-02-14 | Major; Thomas O. | Portable nitrogen source |
US20030099549A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-05-29 | Kuei-Hsien Shen | Air compressor control system |
US6634598B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-10-21 | Kenneth Susko | On-board fuel inerting system |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2358975A4 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2017-04-12 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Vessel compressor methods and systems |
CN102252164A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-23 | 王志望 | Device for preventing air negative pressure from exceeding limit |
US9718082B2 (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2017-08-01 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Inline dispense capacitor |
US20150239058A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | MHIW b.v. | Method and apparatus for metal shield-gas welding |
WO2017186416A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-11-02 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Piston compressor with a closing device for the outlet line |
US10354872B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-07-16 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-precision dispense system with meniscus control |
US10403501B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-09-03 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-purity dispense system |
US10712663B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2020-07-14 | Tokyo Electron Limited | High-purity dispense unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006336574A (en) | 2006-12-14 |
CN100419334C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
CN1873286A (en) | 2006-12-06 |
KR100814054B1 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
KR20060126400A (en) | 2006-12-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ANEST IWATA CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OGAWA, YOSUKE;IIDA, TOSHIO;REEL/FRAME:017714/0532 Effective date: 20060425 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |