US20030071636A1 - Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030071636A1 US20030071636A1 US09/981,471 US98147101A US2003071636A1 US 20030071636 A1 US20030071636 A1 US 20030071636A1 US 98147101 A US98147101 A US 98147101A US 2003071636 A1 US2003071636 A1 US 2003071636A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- inductor
- circuit
- resistor
- network
- current
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to electronic circuits, and more particularly to methods and apparatuses for near losslessly measuring inductor current.
- FIG. 1 A typical conventional way to measure inductor current is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- a sampling resistor 10 is connected in series with an inductor 12 and its internal resistance 14 .
- the voltage Vo across sampling resistor 10 is measured by an op-amp 16 . From this voltage Vo and the resistance value Rs of sampling resistor 10 , the inductor current i L can be derived to be Vo/Rs.
- This method suffers from significant losses due to the additional power consumed by sampling resistor 10 , which in turn causes inefficiency in the circuit performance.
- FIG. 2 Another conventional way to measure inductor current is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- a RC network 20 composed of a resistor 22 and a capacitor 24 is used to measure the inductor current i L .
- Vc the voltage across capacitor 24
- This voltage Vc is taken as the voltage across the inductor 12 , from which the inductor current i L is derived from the expression Vc/Rs.
- the present invention provides an improved measuring circuit for measuring a current of an inductor with minimum losses and errors.
- the measuring circuit comprises an op-amp having first and second input terminals and an output terminal, with the second terminal for connecting a first end of the inductor; a RC network connected between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the op-amp; and a scaling resistor having a first end connected to the first input terminal of the op-amp and a second end for connecting to a second end of the inductor.
- the RC network comprises a resistor and a capacitor connected to each other in parallel. According to the invention, by setting the RC constant of the RC network to be equal to the ratio of the inductor value over its internal resistance value, the inductor current can be derived independent of the frequencies of AC signals.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical conventional way to measure inductor current
- FIG. 2 illustrates another conventional way to measure inductor current
- FIG. 3 shows a measuring circuit according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a measuring circuit according to second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an application of the second embodiment of the invention in a buck converter.
- FIG. 3 shows a current measuring circuit 30 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Circuit 30 includes an op-amp 32 , a RC network 34 comprising a resistor 36 and a capacitor 38 , and a resistor 42 .
- RC network 34 is connected in a feedback loop of op-amp 32 .
- Resistor 42 is a scaling resistor used for selecting the appropriate gain of circuit 30 .
- the inductor voltage V L across inductor L and its internal resistor R L are first determined.
- i L V S ⁇ R 2 /(R 1 ⁇ R L ).
- V L /R 2 V S /Z 1
- FIG. 4 shows a current measuring circuit 50 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- This embodiment is suitable for measuring the current of an inductor which has neither terminal grounded.
- a buffer circuit 51 with a unity gain is added to the first embodiment in FIG. 3.
- Buffer circuit 51 includes an op-amp 52 and four resistors 54 - 57 of the same resistance value R 3 .
- Buffer circuit 51 provides an output voltage V S ′ with a ground reference, which is equivalent to the output voltage V S of op-amp 32 .
- the ground reference is required in many applications.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an application of current measuring circuit 50 of the second embodiment of the invention in a buck converter 60 .
- a controller 62 controls, via transistors 62 and 64 , the charging and discharging phases of converter 60 , based on the value of the inductor current as measured by measuring circuit 50 .
- the invention may also be used in a converter with a boost topology.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention generally relates to electronic circuits, and more particularly to methods and apparatuses for near losslessly measuring inductor current.
- In switching regulators and particularly multi-phase and other advanced power converters, current through inductors must be accurately measured in order for the control circuitry to timely provide control signals for controlling the operation of the devices. A typical conventional way to measure inductor current is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- As shown in FIG. 1, a
sampling resistor 10 is connected in series with aninductor 12 and itsinternal resistance 14. The voltage Vo acrosssampling resistor 10 is measured by an op-amp 16. From this voltage Vo and the resistance value Rs ofsampling resistor 10, the inductor current iL can be derived to be Vo/Rs. This method, however, suffers from significant losses due to the additional power consumed bysampling resistor 10, which in turn causes inefficiency in the circuit performance. - Another conventional way to measure inductor current is illustrated in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, a
RC network 20 composed of aresistor 22 and acapacitor 24 is used to measure the inductor current iL. In this method, the voltage acrosscapacitor 24, Vc, is measured. This voltage Vc is taken as the voltage across theinductor 12, from which the inductor current iL is derived from the expression Vc/Rs. This approach, however, generates significant errors because the load resistance is not taken into account. Practically, this is never the case. - Therefore, there is a need for an improved way of measuring inductor current with minimum losses and errors.
- The present invention provides an improved measuring circuit for measuring a current of an inductor with minimum losses and errors. According to one embodiment of the invention, the measuring circuit comprises an op-amp having first and second input terminals and an output terminal, with the second terminal for connecting a first end of the inductor; a RC network connected between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the op-amp; and a scaling resistor having a first end connected to the first input terminal of the op-amp and a second end for connecting to a second end of the inductor. In a specific embodiment, the RC network comprises a resistor and a capacitor connected to each other in parallel. According to the invention, by setting the RC constant of the RC network to be equal to the ratio of the inductor value over its internal resistance value, the inductor current can be derived independent of the frequencies of AC signals.
- Other objects and attainments together with a fuller understanding of the invention will become apparent and appreciated by referring to the following description and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- The invention is explained in further detail, and by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical conventional way to measure inductor current;
- FIG. 2 illustrates another conventional way to measure inductor current;
- FIG. 3 shows a measuring circuit according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 4 shows a measuring circuit according to second embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 5 illustrates an application of the second embodiment of the invention in a buck converter.
- Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
- FIG. 3 shows a
current measuring circuit 30 according to a first embodiment of the invention.Circuit 30 includes an op-amp 32, aRC network 34 comprising aresistor 36 and acapacitor 38, and aresistor 42. RCnetwork 34 is connected in a feedback loop of op-amp 32.Resistor 42 is a scaling resistor used for selecting the appropriate gain ofcircuit 30. - To measure the inductor current iL, the inductor voltage VL across inductor L and its internal resistor RL are first determined. In a DC mode, the voltage VL can be derived from VS/VL=R1/R2, where VL=iL·RL. Thus, iL=VS·R2/(R1·RL).
- In an AC mode, the inductor voltage can be derived from VS/VL=Z1/R2, where Z1=R1/(1+j ω R1·C1) is the total impedance of the
RC network 34. In rewriting the expression VS/VL=Z1/R2, the following equation is obtained: - V L /R 2=V S /
Z 1 - where VL=iL (j ωL+RL)=iL (j ω L+RL)·RL/RL=iL·RL (1+j ω L/RL), Thus,
- i L ·R L(1+j ω L/R L)/R 2=V S/(
R 1/(1+j ω R 1·C 1)) - or,
- i L ·R L(1+j ω L/R L)/R 2=V S(1+
j ω R 1·C 1)/R 1 - In the above expression, if R1·C1 is chosen to be equal to L/RL, then
- i L ·R L /R 2=V S /
R 1 - or,
- i L =V S ·R 2/(
R 1·R L). - This expression is true for both DC and AC modes. Thus, iL can be obtained with this expression, independent of any frequencies of the AC signals. With the present invention, the inductor current iL can be accurately measured with minimum losses since no additional resistor is used in series with the inductor.
- FIG. 4 shows a
current measuring circuit 50 according to a second embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is suitable for measuring the current of an inductor which has neither terminal grounded. In this embodiment, abuffer circuit 51 with a unity gain is added to the first embodiment in FIG. 3.Buffer circuit 51 includes an op-amp 52 and four resistors 54-57 of the same resistance value R3.Buffer circuit 51 provides an output voltage VS′ with a ground reference, which is equivalent to the output voltage VS of op-amp 32. The ground reference is required in many applications. - FIG. 5 illustrates an application of
current measuring circuit 50 of the second embodiment of the invention in abuck converter 60. As illustrated in FIG. 5, acontroller 62 controls, viatransistors converter 60, based on the value of the inductor current as measured by measuringcircuit 50. The invention may also be used in a converter with a boost topology. - While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/981,471 US6646450B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current |
PCT/IB2002/003902 WO2003034577A1 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2002-09-20 | Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current |
JP2003537186A JP2005506622A (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2002-09-20 | Method and apparatus for measuring inductor current with little loss |
EP02801438A EP1442511A1 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2002-09-20 | Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/981,471 US6646450B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030071636A1 true US20030071636A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
US6646450B2 US6646450B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
Family
ID=25528397
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/981,471 Expired - Lifetime US6646450B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Method and apparatus for near losslessly measuring inductor current |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6646450B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1442511A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005506622A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003034577A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2861179A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-22 | Thales Sa | Current measurement within switched inductance includes circuit mirroring current, enabling measurement without power dissipation |
EP1884784A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-06 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Circuit and method for detecting electric current |
CN100429851C (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-10-29 | 上海复旦微电子股份有限公司 | Input detecting circuit for earth-leakage protector with self-diagnosing function |
WO2011058375A1 (en) * | 2009-11-14 | 2011-05-19 | Gigle Networks Limited | Current measuring apparatus |
EP2601533A1 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2013-06-12 | Sensus Spectrum LLC | Method and system of measuring current in an electric meter |
US20150349634A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Inductor current measurement compensation for switching voltage regulators |
CN105896969A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2016-08-24 | 拜伦赛有限公司 | A system and circuit for achieving bidirectional hysteretic current mode control with constant hysteresis |
EP2361579B1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2017-07-26 | Covidien LP | Enhanced lossless current sense circuit |
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US8008901B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2011-08-30 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Regulated power supply with multiple regulators sharing the total current supplied to a load |
US7042207B1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-05-09 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Inductive measurement system and method |
JP4626766B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2011-02-09 | 日本電気株式会社 | Communication system and communication control method |
US7106035B2 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2006-09-12 | Intersil Americas Inc. | Inductor current sensing scheme for PWM regulator |
FR2902946B1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-08-29 | Excem Sas | MULTI-INPUT AND MULTI-OUTPUT AMPLIFIER USING MUTUAL INDUCTION IN THE FEEDBACK NETWORK |
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US9203300B2 (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2015-12-01 | Alex Mevay | Systems and methods for controlling power converters |
IT201900012984A1 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-01-26 | Eldor Corp Spa | Electronic monitoring circuit to detect the change in power or current absorbed by at least one electronic circuit to be tested and electronic system to test the operation of at least one electronic circuit |
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US5181155A (en) | 1990-08-30 | 1993-01-19 | Beg Mirza A | Overcurrent trip circuit |
US5481178A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1996-01-02 | Linear Technology Corporation | Control circuit and method for maintaining high efficiency over broad current ranges in a switching regulator circuit |
DE19814681B4 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2008-11-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Current Mode Switching Regulators |
CA2333616A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-11 | Airpax Corporation, L.L.C. | Ac current sensor having high accuracy and large bandwidth |
JP2000193687A (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-14 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Current detection circuit and dc/dc converter provided with current detection circuit |
US6222745B1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digitally synthesized multiple phase pulse width modulation |
-
2001
- 2001-10-16 US US09/981,471 patent/US6646450B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-09-20 EP EP02801438A patent/EP1442511A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-09-20 WO PCT/IB2002/003902 patent/WO2003034577A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-09-20 JP JP2003537186A patent/JP2005506622A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2861179A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-22 | Thales Sa | Current measurement within switched inductance includes circuit mirroring current, enabling measurement without power dissipation |
WO2005038472A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-28 | Thales | Device for non-dissipative measurement of current in an inductive resistor |
US20070075711A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2007-04-05 | Flavien Blanc | Device for non-dissipative measurement of the current in an inductor |
US7394264B2 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2008-07-01 | Thales | Device for non-dissipative measurement of the current in an inductor |
EP1884784A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-06 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Circuit and method for detecting electric current |
US20080031020A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Circuit and method for detecting electric current |
CN100429851C (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-10-29 | 上海复旦微电子股份有限公司 | Input detecting circuit for earth-leakage protector with self-diagnosing function |
CN102918402A (en) * | 2009-11-14 | 2013-02-06 | 博通欧洲有限公司 | Current measuring apparatus |
WO2011058375A1 (en) * | 2009-11-14 | 2011-05-19 | Gigle Networks Limited | Current measuring apparatus |
US9116171B2 (en) | 2009-11-14 | 2015-08-25 | Broadcom Europe Limited | Current measuring apparatus |
EP2361579B1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2017-07-26 | Covidien LP | Enhanced lossless current sense circuit |
EP2601533A1 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2013-06-12 | Sensus Spectrum LLC | Method and system of measuring current in an electric meter |
CN105896969A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2016-08-24 | 拜伦赛有限公司 | A system and circuit for achieving bidirectional hysteretic current mode control with constant hysteresis |
EP2673648A4 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2018-04-04 | Balancell (PTY) LTD | Hysteretic current mode controller for a bidirectional converter with lossless inductor current sensing |
US20150349634A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Inductor current measurement compensation for switching voltage regulators |
US9627969B2 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2017-04-18 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Inductor current measurement compensation for switching voltage regulators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1442511A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
US6646450B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
JP2005506622A (en) | 2005-03-03 |
WO2003034577A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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