US1322409A - Automobile-starter and electric generator. - Google Patents

Description

W. H. COLLIER. AUTOMOBILE STARTER AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9.1913.

Patented N 0v. 18, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

M F R wi/lmwoe $1 4%? w. H COLLIER. AUTOMOBILE STARTER AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. I913.

Patented N 0v. 18, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MN MN ww o WII LIAM H. COLLIER, 0E NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.

AUTOMOBILE-STARTER AND ELECTRIC GENERATGR.

Specification 0'1 Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

Application filed June 9, 1913'.- sderial no. 772,650.

To all whom it may concern."

' Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. COLLIER, a citizen of, the United States of America, and a resident of Nashville, in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented a certain new and useful Automobile-Starter and Electric Generator, of.

axial line, with the crank shaft of the automobile engine. I do not limit myself, however to this particular location of the start mg motor or to the connection of the starting motor to the crank shaft of the auto- ,mobile engine; since obviously the starting motor may be arranged to drive any other suitable shaft of the engine; nor do I limit myself to, the use of an electric motor as the starting motor, though I consider the use of an electric motor preferable for many reasons, one of which is that, this motor may be used, once the automobile engine is started, as an electric generator. My invention further comprises improved and simplified gearing, whereby, during the starting of the engine, the starting motor transmits its power to the engine through reducing gearing of high gear ratio, and whereby, as soon as such engine commences to operate and reaches a predetermined speed in its operation, the starting motor is driven by the engine at crank shaft speed and becomes an electric generator. My invention further comprises means whereby the starter and generator is protected against injury in the event of back firing of the engine; and means whereby the engine may be turned over by hand when so desired, together with I other features all as hereinafter described out in the apout of mesh during the starting of such engines; to locate the starting motor, with reference to the engine, in a better position; to convert the starting motor, automatically, and without attention from the operator, into an electric generator immediately the engine begins operation as an internal combustion engine; to. provide improved and simplified gearing and other mechanism whereby during the starting of the engine the starting motor operates through reducing gearing of high gear ratio, and whereby as soon as such engine commences operation, as in internal combustion engine, the starting motor is driven by that engine at the speed of the shaft of the engine to which that motor is connected, such motor then becoming an electric generator; to protect such starting motor and generator against injury from back firing or other backward rotation of the engine; to provide for the turning over of the engine by hand, and without the use of the starting motor, when desired; to provide for the efficient protection and lubrication of the gearing; and, in general, to produce a compact, simple and highly eiiicient combined starting and generating unit.

I will now proceed to describe my inven-.

tion with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will then point out the novel features in claims. In'said drawings:

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a portion of the crank case and associated parts of an automobile engine, and a longitudinal section of a combined starting motor and generator and gearing therefor, constituting one embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 shows a transverse section through the gearing on the line w-w of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a transverse section through the centrifugal clutch mechanism on the line g/3 Of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail View showing side by side, but spaced apart somewhat forclearness of illustration, the internal gear 18, the slotted ratchet Wheel 28 and the eccentric 16 having the pin or key 29 adapted to pass through the slot of that ratchet wheel into engagement with ratchet teeth of the gear 18; the gears 18 and 28 being shown in section.

Fig. 5 shows the side View of the slotted ratchet wheel 28.

Fig. 6 is a detail section of a'portion of the expansion ring 24, showing the means for expanding that ring. L

The electric automobile starters now commonly used usually comprise an electric motor upon the armature shaft of which there is a small pinion adapted to be moved into and out of mesh with gear teeth provided on the face of the engine fly-wheel; and this pinion must be moved into mesh with the fly-wheel gear when the engine is tobe started, and must be moved out of mesh as soon as the engine has commenced to run. Such location of the starter is disadvantageous for various reasons obvious to those skilled in the art. In some cases the startingmotor is combined structurally with the fly-wheel of the engine; a construction wh ch necessarily involves a heavy motor, which is in'efiicient because of the low speed at which it operates when starting the engine. The engine fly-wheel mobiles, located at the rear of the engine, in these prior types of starters referred to the starting motor must be correspondingly located. One other form of electric starter now known is mounted at the front of the engine, but with its armature shaft at right angles tothe crank shaft of the engine, being arranged to drive the said crank shaft through worm gearing. All of these prior constructions are extremely disadvantageous, for reasons well recognized by machine designers and engineers.

According to the present embodiment of my invention the starting motor becomes in effect a structural part of the engine itself, indistinguishable from the engine itself to the ordinary. observer; and this is in practice no small advantage, since the ordinary users dislike devices which are obviously attachments to engines, having the appearance of afterthoughts, and in particular, dislike attachments which require the throwing in and out of gears. In principle my starter is applicable either at the front or at the rear of the engine, and-is applicable either to the crank shaft of the engine, or to any other shaft drivingly connected to the crank shaft; but since the space at the rear of the engine proper is, commonly, occupied by a fiy-wheel and clutch mechanism, and since the front of the engine is commonly relatively clear, I usually prefer to attach my starter at thefront of the engine, with its driving shaftin axial line with the crank shaft of the engine.

. In the drawings, 1 designates a portion of the crank casing of an, internal combustion engine, preferably, the front portion of such casing; 2 designates the crank shaft of the engine. The crank case 1 isprovided with a substantially cylindrical integral forward extension 3 within which the starting motor and generator is located. In principle, any

being in most cases, in autoform of motor adapted to communicate rotary motion toa shaft may be employed as the starting motor; but as I prefer to use .the starting motor as an electric generator as well, I prefer to employ an electric motor as the starting motor. 4. designates, schematically, the field of such starting motor and generator, and 5 the armature thereof, 6 the commutator thereof, and "I one of the commutator brushes. I do not limit myself to particular details of construction of the combined starting motor and generator, and hence do not illustrate in detail the construction of such starting motor and generator. The front of the cylindrical extension 3 of the engine crank case is closed by asuitable end cap 8; and the combined starting motor and generator is'isolated from the in terior of the main portion of the crank case 1 by a partition 9 secured to the front cap 8 by through bolts 10. 11 designates'the armature shaft of the starting motor and generator; which shaft passes through a suitable packing box 12 of partition 9 and, at its front end, is supported by ball bearings 13; roller bearings 9 are also provided for this shaft,in partition 9.

The engine crankshaft 2 carries aninternal gear 14:, shown further in Figs. 2 and 3; upon the hub of which internal gear I customarily mount an external gear .15, which'form's no portion of the starter and generator, but is used for driving certain mechanism of the engine, not shown. Gear l4 is drivingly' connected to crank shaft 2 by means of apin l6. i

The armature shaft ll' is provided at its rear end with a cylindrical extension 16 which is slightly eccentric to the: axis of shaft 11, the end of-this eccentric 1(5 .fi tting within a recess 17 in the end of the. .crank shaft 2; said recess being concentric with the crank shaft, so that, the eccentricbears against the side of this recess at one point only, if at all. Upon the eccentric 1.6..is mounted an external as shown particularly in Figs. 2 and, adapted to coact with the teeth of the internal gear 1%; gear lSh-aving, however,,a less number of teeth than the internal gear gear 18-ha.\-'ing teeth,

14. In the present instance gear 18,has-one less tooth than gear 14, though in principle the gear 18 might have still fewer teeth than the gear 1i. Gear 18 is mounted to permit shaft 11 to rotate with respect to it, and for that purpose I have indicated bearing rollers 19 interposed between gear 18 and eccentric 16, a retaining plate 20- b'eing provided for these rollers.

Suitable pawls 21 shown more clearly in Fig. 3,";l18b2t117l86l by the gear 18. being provided with pivot pins 22 bywhich they are ivotally connected tosaidgear wheel. The partition 9 of the motor casing is provided with a re'arwardly projecting flange stationary with respect to flange 23; but. as

hereinafter described, said ring 2 1 may slip with reference to flange 23, in the event. of back firing of the engine, or of backward rotation of the crank shaft 2, due to any other cause.

The rear ends 21" of pawls 21 are adapted to engage suitable recesses 24 provided in the inner face of ring 24L The front ends 21 of pawls 21 are extended to form centrifugal weight. masses, and these ends are curved, as shown, for compactness of structure, and in order that the centers of gravity of said pawls 21 may be a suitable distance from the axes of the pivot pins 22. A suitable spring 26, passing through holes 27 (Fig. 1) in the ends of the pivot pins 22, tends to resist the action of centrifugal force on the pawls 21 and also acts as a cotterto hold said pawls in place in the gear wheel 18.

Sail pawls 21 are also provided with teeth 21 adapted to engage teeth of a ratchet wheel 28, when said pawls are moved outward by centrifugal force. This ratchet wheel is also mounted upon the eccentric 16 and is keyed to that eccentric by means of a pin 29. When the pawls 21 are in engagement with ratchet wheel 28' the armature shaft 11 is driven by the engine crank shaft 2 at the speed of that crank shaft.

The operation of the starter is as follows:

The circuit of the motor being closed, the

armature 5 starts to rotate, and it may be assumed'that this rotation is in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig, 3; that is to say, in a clockwise direction, as viewed from the front of the machine; thereby the shaft 11 is caused to rotate, and the eccentric 16 of that shaft tends to move the gear 18 eccentrically within the gear 14. Gear 18 having a less number of teeth than gear 14, the effectof this attempted eccentric movement of the gear 18 would be to cause said gear to rotate slowly anticlockwise, except that the engagement of the rear ends 21 of the pawls 21 carried by that gear, with the recesses 2+1 of the ring 24, pie

. vents such anticlockwise rotation of gear 18. The only other thing that can happen is forward or clockwise rotation of gear 1 1 and shaft 21; and this is what occurs; the crank shaft being rotated in a forward direction, very slowly, as compared with the speed of rotation of the starter armature. Such rotation of the crank shaft of the engine should start the engine in operation, and as soon as the engine starts operation, the gear 14 then rotated rapidly forward, carries the gear 18 forward with it; and as soon as this gear 18 reaches a considerable rotative speed, the resulting centrifugal ac' tion of the outer weighted ends 21 of 'the pawls 21 carries such ends 21 outward against the action of the spring 26, bring ing the teeth 21 of said pawls into engagement with the ratchet wheel 28, and so driving the armature 5; the starting motor then becoming an electric generator.

It will be seen that the change from operation of the starting motor as a motor to operation as a generator, is entirely automatic; that no shifting of gears is required. lVhen the rotation of the crank shaft of the engine, 2, is stopped, the pawls 21 are moved in again by the spring 26; and if, when the parts stop motion, the rear ends 21 of pawls 21 should not stop exactly opposite recesses 21 of ring 24, on the next operation of the motor as a starter, the gear 18 will rotate backward or anticlockwise until the rear ends 21 of the pawls 21 engage appropriate recesses 24s, after which the forward rotation of gear 11 and crank shaft 2 will begin.

For turning the engine over by hand, when this is desired, 1 provide the front end of the armature shaft 11 with a pin or key 30 adapted to be engaged by slots in the hub of a suitable starting crank placed over the end of the shaft 11, in the customary manner. Axial pressure on this. starting crank then forces the shaft 11 to the left (as viewed in Fig. 1) against the tension of spring 31, until the key 29 engages the ratchet teeth 32 (Fig. 4) on the face of gear 18; the key 29 passing through the slot 33 of gear 28 into engagement with said ratchet teeth. Rotation of such starting crank then rotates the gear 18 directly, causing corresponding rotation of the engine crank shaft.

Should the engine back fire, or should the crank shaft 2 start to rotate backward, with considerable force, for any other reason, the thrust of the pawls 21 against the ring 24 will cause that ring to move backward within the flange 23. In practice, the screw 25 is set up to such extent that'the ring 24 will not move backward during the ordinary starting of the engine, but will Slip, backward in case any extraordinary thrust is applied to it.

Engines of the sort to which this starter is particularly intended to be applied, viZ.. automobile and motor boat engines and the ject to the interior of this extension chamber;

like, arev commonly provided with closed crank cases, and such closed crank cases commonly contain lubricant which, during the operation of the engine, is splashed aboutthroughout the crank case, lubricating thoroughly all parts therein. By reason of the fact that the gears l land 18 are located in this crank case, they will be subthorough lubrication. But the starting motor is completely protected by the partition 9 which effectually seals the interior of the crank caseextension 3, preventing oil from the crank case from IEBELChFIIIg e plateBt covering the recess within which the bearing rollers 9 are located, and the packing 12, prevent oil from working in material quantity through the bearing of shaft 11 in partition 9. into the motor-compartment.

that I claim is 1. The combination with the engine crank case provided with a chamber adapted to receive a motor, and the engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor within said chamber and having a rotatable member in line with said engine crank shaft, and means for drivingly conv,necting said shaft and rotatable member comprising gearing, located within said crank and said rotatable motor member, and comprising means permitting said motor to v drive said engine crank shaft through said gearing at a high ratio of motor speed to crank shaft speed, and permitting the engine crank shaft to drive the motor through said gearing at a lower speed ratio.

2. The combination with the engine crank case provided with a chamber adapted to receive a motor, and the engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor within said chamber and having a rotatable member in line with said engine crank shaft, means for drivingly connecting said crank shaft androtatable member, comprising gearing, located within said crank case, and connecting said crank shaft and said rotatable motor member, and comprismg means permitting said motor to drive said engine crank shaft through said gearing atv a high ratio of motor speed to crank shaft speed, and permitting the engine crank shaft to drive the motor through said gearing at'a lower speed ratio, and means isolating said chamber from the main portion of the crank case. I

3. The combination with an engine crank case provided, at its end distant from the fly wheel end of said crank case, with a chamber adapted to receive a motor, and an enginecrank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor within said chamber and having a rotatable member in .line with said engine crank shaft, and means case, and connecting said crank shaft chamber adapted to receive a combined electric motor and generator, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a combined electric motor and generator within said chamber and havirrg a rotatable member in line with said engine crank shaft, and means for drivingly connecting said crank shaft and rotatable motor member, comprising gearing located within said crank case, and connecting said crank shaft and said rotatable motor member and comprising means permitting said combined motor and generator to drive said crank shaft, through said gearing, at a high speed ratio of motor to crankshaft, and permitting the crank shaft to drive said rotatable motor member, through said gearing, at a lower speed ratio.

5. The combination with an engine crank case provided, at its end distant from the fly wheel end ofsaid crank case, with aa rotatable member in line withsaid enginecrank shaft, and means for drivingly connecting said crank shaft and rotatablehnotor member, comprising gearing located within said crank case, and connecting said crank shaft and said rotatablemotor member and comprising means permitting said combined motor and generator to drive said crank shaft, through said gearing, at a high speed ratio of motor to crank shaft, and permitting the crank shaft to drive said rotatable motor member, through said gearing, at a lower speed ratio, said gearing being located within the crank case, and means isolating the chamber containing said combined motor and generator from the main portion of the crank case.

6. The combination with an engine crank case provided, at its end distant from the fiy wheel end of said crank case, with an integral extension chamber adapted to receive a motor, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a combined electric motor and generator within said chamber and having a rotatable member in line with said engine crank shaft, and means for drivingly connecting said shaft and rotatable motor member.

7. The combination with an engine crank case provided at its end distant from the fly wheel end of the engine with an integral extension chamber adapted to receive a motor, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor Ill Within said chamber and having a rotatable member in line with said engine shaft, and means for drivingly connecting said shaft and rotatable member.

8. The combination with an engine crank case provided at its end distant, from the fly wheel end of the englne with an integral extension chamber adapted to receive an electric generator, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case,

of an electric generator within said chamber and having a rotatable member in line with said engine shaft, and means for drivingly connecting said shaft and rotatable member.

9. The combination with an engine crank case provided at its end distant from the fly wheel end of said crank case with an ex tension'chamber adapted to receive a motor, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor within said chamber and having a rotatable driving member, the axis of which is in line with the axis of said crank shaft, and gearing within said crank case connecting said shaft and rotatable member.

10. The combination with an engine crank case provided at its end distant from the fiy wheel end of said crank case with an ex tension chamber adapted to receive a motor, and an engine crank shaft rotatably mounted within said crank case, of a motor within said chamber, a partition isolating said chamber from the main portion of the crank case, said motor having a rotatable member projecting through an aperture in said partition into said main portion of the crank case, the axis of said member being in line with the axis of said crank shaft, and gearing within said crank case connecting said shaft and rotatable member.

11. The combination of two rotatable members, an internal gear carried by one said member and an intermeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one

- of said members having an eccentric on whlch the gear earned by said member-1s mounted,' one of said gears havlng a less number of teeth than the others, and means, controlled by centrifugal force, preventing rotation of the gear mounted on said eccentric when the said eccentric is rotated as a driving member, and locking such gear to the member carrying it when such gear is driven by the other gear.

12. The combination of two rotatable members, an internal gear carried by one said member, the other said member having an eccentric, an external gear mounted on saideccentric and intermeshing with said internal gear and having a less number of teeth than said internal gear, and means, controlled by centrifugal force, preventing backward rotation of said external gear when said external gear is moved b said eccentric, and locking said externa gear said member and an intermeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having an eccentric on which the gear carried by said member is mounted, one of said gears having a less number of teeth than the other, a pivoted pawl carried by the gear so mounted on said eccentric, means adapted to be engaged by said pawl to prevent rotation of the corresponding gear when the eccentric is rotated as a driving member, and a ratchet carried by that rotatable member which is provided with the eccentric and pawl, said pawl beingarranged to move, under the infiuence of centrifugal force, into engagement with said ratchet, when the gear carrying such pawl is driven by the other gear.

14:. The combination of two rotatable members, an internal gear carried by one said member, and an intermeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having an eccentric on which the gear carried by said member is mounted, one of said gears having a less number of teeth than the other, two pivoted pawls carried by the gear so mounted on said eccentric, and located opposite one another, means adapted to be engaged by said pawls to prevent rotation of the corresponding gear when the eccentric is rotated as a driving member, and a ratchet carried by that rotatable member which is provided with the eccentric and pawls, said pawls being arranged to move, under the influence of centrifugal force, into engagement with said ratchet, when the gear carrying such pawls is driven by the other gear.

15. The combination of two rotatable members, an internal gear carried by one said member, and an intermeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having an eccentric on which the gear carried by said member is mounted, one of said gears having a less number of teeth than the other, two pivoted pawls carried by the gear so mounted on said eccentric, and located opposite one another, means adapted to be engaged by said pawls to prevent rotation of the corresponding gear when the eccentric is rotated as a driving member. and a ratchet carried by that rotatable member which is provided with the eccentric and pawls, said pawls being arranged to move, under the influence of centrifugal force, into engagement with said ratchet, when the gear carrying such pawls is. driven by the other gear, and sprin means tending to resist action of centrifugal force upon said pawls.

16. The combination of two rotatable members, gear mechanism operatively interposed between said'members, one of said members provided with two alternat ve means, other than said other member. for driving it, said gear mechanism comprising means whereby the first named of said members, when driven by one of said alternative driving means, may drive the other said member through such gearing with speed reduction and when driven by the other of said alternative driving meansmay drive such other member directly. v

17. The combination of two rotatable members, gear mechanism operativcly inter posed betweeen said members. one of said members provided with two alternative means, other than said other member. for driving it, said gear mechanism comprising means whereby the first named ofsaid members, when driven by one of. said alternative driving means, may drive the other said member through such gearing with speed reduction and when driven by the other of said alternative driving means may drive locked.

18. The combination with an engine shaft rotatably mounted, a support therefor. and a motor in fixed relation to said support and having a rotatable member in line with said engine shaft, said rotatable member provided with an eccentric, intermeshing external and internal gears, one mounted on the engine shaft and the other on said eccen tric, a pawl pivoted to the gear so mounted on said eccentric, a member which said pawl is adapted to engage to prevent backward rotation of the gear carrying it, said member adapted to yield in the event of extraordinary backward thrust, and a ratchet carried by the rotatable member of the said motor, said ratchet adapted to be engaged bysaid pawl, said pawl adapted to move under the influence of centrifugal force into engagement with said ratchet.v Y

,19. The combination of an engine shaft rotatably mounted, a support therefon, a motor mounted in fixed relation to said engine shaft and having a rotatable. memer in line with said shaft and provided wi h an eccentric, a gear carried by said en ine shaft, an external gear rotatably mounted upon said eccentric and meshing with said internal gear, a pivoted pawl carried by saidvexternal gear, an adjustable friction member with which said pawl is adapted to engage to prevent backward rotation of its gear, a support for said friction member, said pawl adapted tomove Tout ward under the influence of centrifugal force out of engagement with said friction member, and a ratchet carried by the rotatable member of said motor with which said pawl will engage when it moves out under the influence of. centrifugal force.

such other member through the gearing 20, The combination of an engine shaft rotatably mounted, asupport forsaid shaft, a motor mounted in fixed relation to said support, and havin arotatable niember in line with saidengine shaft, and provided with an eccentric, an internahgear mounted upon said engine shaft, an external gear mounted'upon said eccentric, means for pre venting backward rotation of said external gear, during (ll'lVlIlg OPIfitlOll of'said motor, and for clutching said external to the rotatable member of the motor during driving rotation of the engine shaft, said rotatable member of the motor being mov able axially, and provided with a key, said externalgear provided with means adapted to be engaged by said key when said motor drivin member is moved axially.

I 21. he combinationof an engine shaft rotatably mounted, a support thereforfa motor mounted in fixed relation to saiden gine shaft and having a rotatable member in line with said engine shaft, and provided with an eccentric, an'internal ear carried by the engine shaft, an externa gear intermeshing' therewith and mounted to rotate on said eccentric and to 'permitfsaid eccentric to move axially with relation to said external gear, a ratchet wheel also mounted on said eccentric and adapted to permit said eccentric to move axiallywithiespect to it, said eccentric provided with a key, prevent ng rotation of said ratchet wheel with respect to said eccentric, and said ex ternal gear provided ,with means adapted to be engaged by said key when said eccentric is moved axially, and a pawl pivoted to said external gear and normally out of engagement with-said ratchet wheel but ranged to be moved into engagement therewith by centrifugal force, and means adapted to be engaged by said pawl to prevent backward rotation' of' said external ear. v

22. The combination with an engine shaft rotatably mounted, of a motor having rorotatably mounted, of a motor having" a rotatable member in line with said shaft, gearing drlvingly connecting said shaft and ,rotatable motor member and comprising means affording a large speed ratio when the motor member drives. the shaft and affording a lower speed ratio when the shaft drives the motor member, said rotatable motor member arranged also for longitudinal motion, and means operated by longitudinal motion of such motor member in one direction, for connecting said motor member to said shaft for low speed-ratio drive from the motor member tosaid shaft.

24. The combination with an engine shaft rotatably mounted, of a motor having a. rotatablemember in line with said sha ft, gearing drivingly connecting said shaft and rotatable motor member and COIHPIISlHg means affording a large speed ratio when the motor member drives the shaft and affordinga lower speed ratio when the shaft drives the motor member, said rotatable motor member arranged also for. longitudinal motion, and means operated by longitudmal motion of such motormember in one direction, for connecting said motor member to saidshaft for direct drive from the motor'member to said shaft.

25. The combination of two rotatable members, gear mechanism adapted to drivingly connect said members, one of said members provided with two alternative means for driving it, said gearmechanism comprising means whereby said first named termeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having'aneccentric on which the gear car-.

ried by said member is mounted, one of said gears'having a less. number of teeth than the other, said gear mechanism comprising means whereby one of said membersmay drive the other saidmember through such gearing with speed reduction through the caring, such longitudinally movable memerprovided with means whereby, when moved longitudinally in'one direction, it engages oneof said gears directly for direct drive to the other said member through the gearing locked.

27. Th combination of two rotatable members, one of such members arranged also for longitudinal. motion, an internal gear carried by onesaid member and an intermeshing external "gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having an eccentric-on which the gear carried by said member is mounted, one of said gears having a less number of teeth than the other, said gear mechanism comprising means whereby one of said members may drive the the other said member directly through the gearing locked. I

28. The combination of two rotatable members, one of whichis also longitudinally movable, gear mechanism adapted to drivingly connect said members, and comprising an internal gear carried by one said member and an intermeshing external gear carried by the other said member, one of said members having-an eccentric on which the gear carried "by said member is mounted, one of said gears having a less number-of teeth than the other, a pivoted pawl carried by the gear so mountedon said eccentric, and a ratchet carried by that rotatable member which is provided with the eccentric and pawl, said ratchet having a slot,

said longitudinally movable member having.

a key adapted to pass through such slot of the ratchet when such member is moved longitudinally in one direction, and one of said gears having means arranged to be engaged by such key when the latter is moved longitudinally through the slot of the ratchet.

29. The combination with an'engine having a rotatably mounted engine shaft, of

a starting motor comprising a rotatably.

mounted member, gearing. functionally interposed between said shaft and rotatable member and adapted to drivingly connect said shaft and member with speed reduction from said member to said shaft, and means thrown into and out of action by longitudinal motion of said rotatable member for connecting said shaft and rotatable member without speed reduction.

3O.-The combination of a rotatable member, a second member rotatably mounted thereon, a third member also rotatably mounted thereon, means for drivingly connecting said second and third members, said third member having a slot, said first mem ber arranged for longitudinal motion and provided with clutching means adapted to pass through such slot, said second member having means adapted to engage such cl-utching'means when the latter is passed ed both for rotation and slight longitudinal motion, a gear rotatably mounted upon said member, a further member rotatably mounted upon said member, said gear-and further member provided, the one with ratchet teeth and the other with a pawl whereby said gear and further member may be connected drivingly, said rotatably and longitudinally movable member and said gear provided with engaging means adapted to be brought into engagement by movement of said longitudinally movable member in one direction.

32. In a motor-generator for use with internal combustion engines, the combination with the engine shaft and an internally toothed gearmounted thereon, an armature shaft mounted concentric with and having a crank-pin extending toward the engine shaft, an externally toothed gear on the crank-pin meshing with the internal gear, an

abutment ring having pockets, and pawls equal speed and,the second drive the first mounted on the external gear and adapted to engage in said pockets to prevent said external gear from revolving backward.

I 33. In a motor-generator for use with in ternal comustion engines, the combination with the engine shaft, and a motor driven auxiliary shaft shiftable longitudinally upon its axis, means connecting said shafts whereby the first may drive the second at at reduced speed, andmeans whereby ,the second, when longitudinally shifted, may drive the first at equal speed.

34, In a motor-generator for use with internal combustion engines, the combination of the engine shaft, an armature shaft of an externally toothed gear rotatably mounted I on the crank pin, a fixed member having pockets, a pawl pivotally mounted on the externally toothed gear and having one end adapted to engage in saidpockets to prevent the external gear from rotating backward.

, 36. The combination. of a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an internally toothed gear secured to the driven shaft, an externally toothed gear rotatably mounted on the crank-pin, a ratchet wheel also mounted on the crank-pin, a fixed member having pockets therein, a pawl pivoted on the externally toothed gear and having a portion adapted to be received by the pockets in the fixed member to prevent backward rotation of the externally toothed ear whereby a rotation of the driving shaft causes a rotation of the driven shaft at a reduced speed, means on the pawl for engaging with the teeth on the ratchet wheel when the speed of the driven shaft exceeds a predetermined amount, means for either rotatably connecting the driving shaft directly to the externally toothed gear to drive the latter therefrom or for connecting the driving shaft to the ratchet wheel to be driven therefrom.

37. The combination of a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an internally toothed gear secured .to the driven shaft, a crank-pin rigidly connected to the driving shaft, an externally toothed gear. rotatably mounted on the crank-pin, a ratchet wheel also mounted on the crank pin, a fixed member having pockets therein, a pawl pivoted on the externally toothed gear and having a portion adapted to be received by the pockets in the fixed member to prevent backward rotation of the externally toothed gear whereby rotation of the driving shaft causes a rotation of the driven shaft at a reduced speed, means on the pawl for engaging with the teeth on the ratchet wheel when the speed of the driven shaft exceeds a predetermined amount, means for rotatably connecting the driving shaft directly to the externally toothed gear to drive the latter therefrom, means whereby the driving shaft is automatically disconnected from direct connection with the externally toothed gear whenever the speed of the latter exceeds that of the driving shaft.

38; The combination of a driving shaft and a driven shaft, an internally toothed gear secured to the driven shaft, a crank pin rigidly connected to the driving shaft, anexternally toothed gear rotatably mounted on the crank-pin, a fixed member having pockets therein, a pawl pivoted on the externally toothed gear and having a portion adapted to be received in the pockets in the fixed member to prevent backward rotation of the externally toothed gear, whereby a rotation of the driving shaft causes a rotation of the driven shaft at a reduced speed, a ratchet wheel mountedon the crank-pin, means on the pawl for engaging with the teeth on the ratchet Wheel when the speed of the driven shaft exceeds a predetermined amount, a pin projecting from the driving shaft, said ratchet, wheel having formed therein a slot with the edges of which the pin engages when the driving shaft is in one position of adjustment, whereby the driving shaft may be driven from the driven shaft and at the same speed as the latter, means on the externally toothed gear with which the pin engages to form a direct connection, when the driving shaft is in another p0sition of adjustment whereby the driven shaft may be driven from the driving shaft at the same speed as the latter, and means whereby the driving shaft is automatically thrown out of direct connection with the driven shaft when the speed of the latter ex- 10 ceeds that of'the driven shaft.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

WILLIAM H. COLLIER. Witnesses I J. T. BERRY, F. R. CHEATHAM.

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