US11833A - Barton h - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. f

BARTON H. JENKS, OF BRIDESBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 11,833, dated October 24, 1854.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, BARTON H. JENKs, of Bridesburgh, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power Looms for leaving Plain and Fancy Fabrics, of which the following `is a full,clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings of the same, which make part of this specification, and in which- Figure l, represents a top view of the loom showing especially the cam shaft, treadles, lay, shuttle boxes, and mechanism for operating the shuttle boxes and shuttles, with the lay forward, in the position it occupies at the moment the weft thread is beaten up into the front angle of the shed. Fig. 2, represents an elevation of the front side of the loom, the breast beam being shown in red lines, in order that the'mech` anism behind it may appear. Fig. 3, represents an elevation of that side of the loom, which is seen at the right hand, in the front elevation. Fig. 4, represents an elevation of the left side of the loom. Fig. 5, represents a vertical section through the loom at the line X X of Fig. 1.l Fig. 6 represents anelevation of theback of the lay, shuttle boxes, shuttle benders and protector. Fig. 7, represents an elevation of the inner side of the rotating and sliding cam, and slotted lever, by means of which the shuttle boxes are raised and lowered. Fig. 8, represents a section o-f the cam and lever taken at the line X X of Fig. 7. Fig. 9, represents the skeleton shuttle box, and its lifting rod, detached from the lay. Fig. l0, represents one of the shift-ing cams, and mechanism for adjusting the same, detached from the loom and dissected. Fig. 11, represents a plan of the shifting cams which operate the harness treadles, detached from the loom, and shown in connect-ion with the mechanism that adjusts them, a portion of the cam shaft and sections of the treadles beneath them, the cams in this view being shown in a different position from that in which they are represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 12, represents a section showing a supplementary wiper on the cam shaft and a supplement-ary shoe on the picker treadle for the purpose of separat-ing the shuttle from the picker, preparatory to moving the shuttle boxes, this device being a substitute for the recoil spring shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 13, represents a modified construction and arrangement of the wiper and shoe for the same purpose as that shown in Fig. 12.

The frame of the loom, the yarn and cloth beams, the mechanism for letting olf the yarn, and that for taking up the Woven cloth, the heddles, treadles, crank shaft, driving gear, picker sticks, and pickers are of the usual, or may be of any approved construction, and therefore I do not deem a particular description of them to be necessary, more especially, as they will be hereinafter described in connection with my improvements, so far as may be necessary toa proper understanding of the application and connectio-n of that which is new to that which is old.

The heddles are not shown in the drawings, but they are 'suspended in the usual manner in pairs by straps passing-over the rolls (a) one heddle of each pair being attached to one end of the strap, and the other to the other end so as to counterbalance each other, and to; cause the depression of one to elevate the other; the elevation and depression of the heddles is elfected by connecting them with treadles (b) by means of cords or straps, there being as many treadles as heddles, so that the relative order` of moving the heddles may be more readily varied. The treadles are held up at a point half way between the extremes of the range of motion by counterweights or springs, and depressed by a pair of cams, the depression of two treadles by the cams, causes the two others suspended by the opposite endsof the same straps, simultane` ously to rise, and as each treadle must be depressed in its turn according to a determined o-rder of succession, in order to work the heddles so as to produce regular and symmetrical figures, it is highly im.

portant that the mechanism by which this movement of the treadles is effected, should be cert-ain and regular in its operation, and not liable to derangement. The device which I have contrived for this purpose consists of a pair of cams (A, A) mounted on the cam-shaft (B) in such manner that they are free to slide thereon toward and from each other, a distance equal to half the width of the space occupied by the treadles. This sliding movement is for the pur` pose of enabling each of the cams to traverse across one half of the treadles so as to depolygonal, and the eye of the cam of ycorvre-V sponding form to permit them to slide but not to turn on each other.

The particular movement required of the cams in the example represented in the drawings, is that they shall slide suddenly toward each other, when that part of their circumferences having the least eccentricity is next the treadles, and stand in that position until the cam shaft, by turning causes that part of their cir'cumferences having the greatest eccentricity to bear down the treadles, and then by continuing to turn, again to bring that part of their circumferences, having the least eccentricity, adjacent to the treadles to permit them to rise again. At this point the cams are required to diverge or separate suddenly to bring them over the two treadles next outside of the two middle ones and to stay in that position until the twov treadles beneath them have been operated in the same manner as the two middle treadles. The cams are then inthe same manner as before required to diverge until they stand over the two treadles outside `of the two last mentioned,r

and operate them, as they operated the others; when they must again diverge to operate in like manner the two outside treadles.

. rEhe cams have now by moving a step at each revolution of the cam shaft been brought in succession over, and have operated each treadle, between the middle and outside, vand have reached the point of greatest divergence, and must by a single step be brought back to the middle in time to operate the middle treadles, and then by short steps, as before, operate the remainder in succession to the outer treadles thus moving over and actuating the treadles in regular succession. rIhese intermittentmovements of the cams along the shaft, during their continuous revolution with the same, is effected by means of two sectional screw threads (l and 2) of unequal pitch on the cylindrical hub (A2) of each cam, the thread (l) which causes the cams to diverge being only one fourth the pitch o-f the thread (2) which causes them to approach. The thread which causes the divergence of the cams remains in connection with its nut (3), which is also a section screw, during four consecutive revolutions of the shaft (B). when its connection with its nut is intermitted for,

one revolution, during which time the other screw with the wide pitch is brought into gear with vits nut (t) and as it moves the cam in the opposite direction from that in in gear so that it, is in action one revolution,

and intermits four, while the other thread intermits one revolution .and acts during four,

The relative action and intermittence of the two screw threads must in all cases correspond to the relative pitch, if one is of three times as wide pitch as the other, one must connect with its nut during one revolution, and disconnect during three. This movement would be ,adapted to six heddles and six treadles. Other variations in the relative pitches of the screw threads would adapt them to working a greater or less number of heddles. In order to facilitate those changes, the screw threads may be made removable from the hub `of the cam, and that partof the hub to which they are attached may be detachable from the other part of the hub, in order to adapt the same loom to working different numbers of heddles, as may be required in the fabrication of different kinds of cloth. In this instance the periphery is made in segments as shown more fully in Fig. l0, where also the vibrating sectional nut is shown separate from the cam. The semi-cylindrical segment or stave (2) having the screw thread of longest pitch formed in it, is shown separate from the rest of the cam.; By making this segment removable, it is'obvously easy to adapt the cam to working a greater or less number of treadles by simply substituting for the segment or stave (2) that happens to be in use, another with a screw'thread of different pitch. This method of adapting the cam to working a vvariable number of treadles saves the labor of taking one cam off the cam shaft, andrputting on another, and also the labor of unfastening, refastening, and adjusting various parts necessarily disturbed in taking off one cam, Vand putting on another, which was always necessary in making the changes above indicated, with cams as heretofore constructed. The two cams do not actupon their respective treadles simultaneously,nor do they's'lide from or toward the middle of the shaft simultaneously, they act and slide alternately as one cam opens the shed for the Vshuttle from one side of the loom, and the other for the shuttle from the other side. The vpoint of` greatest eccentricity of each cam is therefore on the i opposite sides of the cam shaft, and each revolution therefore of this shaft will open two sheds, and as it is fitted with two wipers corresponding to the two cams, to actuate the two pickers, it will cause two weft threads to be thrown across the web at each revolution, and as the lay must beat up each weft thread, into the front angle of the shed or fell of the cloth, the crank shaft (C) which actuates the lay must turn twice for every revolution of the cam shaft (B).

The two sectional threads (1 and 2) are placed on the opposite sides of the hub, and each must act while the cam has its side of least eccentricity next the treadles, the nuts are placed on opposite sides of the hub, and connected by a yoke that turns o n a pivot, this renders the action of the thread much more certain, and the danger of breaking is diminished as the act of throwing one nut out of gear will bring the other into gear. The sectional threads of the nut of narrow pitch are formed on a bar (5) attached to one extremity of the yoke (D) and the threads (3) and bar (5) resemble a cogged rack; on the end of the bar, a projection or knob (6) is placed, against which an inclined wiper or projection (7) on the cylinder (A2) is broughtI7 immediately after the cam has reached its extreme `point of divergence and operated the outside treadle; this wiper (7) forces the nut (3) out of gear with the thread (l) and it at the same time forces the sectional nut (fl) on the opposite extremity of the yoke into gear with the wide pitch thread (2) which is formed by cutting a groove into the surface of the cylinder; this groove is enlarged at each end` to allow the foot or enlarged extremity (2) of the nut thread (4) to pass, but is narrow between these points, so as to permit the foot of 'the nut thread to slide over it without entering. When the foot emerges from the end of the thread groove (2) opposite where it entered, it rises to the surface of the cylinder whose radius is so much greaterthan that of the groove, that it will turn the yoke (D) far enough to bring the thread (l) again into gear with the nut where it will remain until the cam (A) has revolved four times, and brought the wiper (7) into the proper position to throw the nut (3) out of gear, and the end (1) of the groove (2) ready to meet and receivethe foot (2) of the nut (4L) and by turning it, move the cam (A) back to the proper position to gear again with the nut The yoke (D) and the cylinder (A2), detached and dissected, are shown in Fig. l0. The rib (8) which connects with the narrow pitch thread (l) (at the point Q) is for the purpose of holdingthe cam steadily over the treadle while actuating the same. The rib (8) is parallel to a plane at right angles to the axis of the cam, and performs its oflice by turning between the threads of the nut (3), in this way the sectional nut (3) in connection with this rib, and the sectional thread (l) performs the duties of moving the cam into the proper position, and then holding it there, until it is ready again to change its position. Thus these complicated intermittent movements of the cams are performed with great certainty and precision and by the simplest means.

'The form and arrangement of the sectional screws, nuts, and yoke, it is obvious may be varied to a very great extent, and still they will perform the duty of changing the cam and admit of the screw threads being removed and replaced by others substantially as they now' do. Several modifications have been essayed by me, some more, and others less advantageous and perfect; but as the form which I have represented, is in my opinion the best, I deem it unnecessary to describe others. This loom is fitted with a shuttle box (E) to carry a series of shuttles with a variety of colors or qualities of weft thread, which by mechanism provided for the purpose are brought in succession, and in. the required order, on a level with the race to be thrown through the shed and woven into the web. These shuttles with the different kinds of weft are arranged one above another on a series of shelves (e) aiiixed to upright bars (e) supported on a cross bar (e2) which rests upon the upper end of a rod (e3) whose lower end has a shoe (et) aiiixed to it which rests upon a lever (g) that turns on a fulcrum (g) to raise and lower the rod (e3) and with it the shuttle boxes. The inner sidesof the upright bars (c) of the shuttle box frame are grooved and they fit on ribs or guides upon the edge of the ribs (f) on the stationary back check (F) which is aiiixed to the lay asin the case of stationary shuttle boxes. The front cheek of the shuttle boxes is also in this example aflixed to the lay so that the moving part of the shuttle box is reduced to the mere shelves and upright pieces `which connect them together, thus avoiding all necessity for moving the heretofore heavy and cumbrous box with back and front cheeks, binding levers, &c., the great weight of which has prevented looms for weaving fancy fabrics from being worked fast, without subjecting' them continually to such heavy shocks, and jars, as would rapidly tear them to pieces. This frame of shelves I prefer to make of cast iron rendered malleable `and without joints; when made in this manner and of this material it comi plans, which must always be madeJ much heavier than `these in order to obtain the requisite strength.

Sometimes the front stationary cheek is dispensed with and instead, a flange (9) is turned upon the whole length of the front edge of the shelves, instead of being formed on a portion of it only as represented in the drawings. This arrangement permits the picker rods to be placed nearer the shuttle which causes the picker to work easier, as the directions of the force and resistance then act nearer the same line. The shuttle boxes are raised or lowered at each revolution of the cam shaft one shelf, or left standing any number of revolutions required, so that the shuttle in the shelf opposite the race may be thrown to the opposite side of the loom and back at least once before another change is made. This move-l ment of the shuttle box is effected by a cam (G) on the cam shaft controlled and -regulated by a pattern wheel This cam acts upon the shuttle box through the slotted lever (g) which embraces it, and has pins (10) projecting into each side of the slot (11) for the cam to engage with alternately to raise or lower the lever, to elevate or depress the shuttle box, or if the cam be held between the pins (10) so as not to engage with either,y then it may revolve without either raising or lowering the shuttle boxes. This cam has a sliding motion on its shaft by which it is brought into gear'with Vthe pins (10) alternately, or held between them, each side of the cam has a spiral groove(11 sunk in it, to admit one of the pins (10) and the groove on one side winds around the center to the right, and the other to the left, so that when the lever is engaged on one side of the cam, it will be drawn up toward its axis, and when engaged on the other side will be forced down from its axis. From this it is plain that by changing the cam from side to side of the slot, the motion of the lever will be changed from up to down and vice versa.

The grooves inthe sides of the cam are not regular spirals, for if they were they would keep the shuttle boxes constantly moving up or down, which would interfere with the proper receiving and discharging of the shuttle, to avoid this each convolution of the grooves is concentric with the shaft, except about one eighth of its length which is eccentric, and gives an easy and smooth, but rapid motion to the lever, while the lay is about reaching its back stroke, and commencing its forward one; by this means the movement of the shuttle box does not take place, either when the shuttle is about leaving or entering its box. In order that the lever may stand in such a position that the pins (10) will be in a proper position to enter the grooves of the cam when the latter is changed from side to side vof the slot or from the middle of the slot back to either side, the end of the lever has a notched segment (12) `attached to it into the notches of which a spring detent enters and presses with sufcientforce to support the weight of the lever; the notches` are in such a position respectively, that they hold the pins opposite the concentric part of the grooves in the side of the cam, which insures the proper connection of the cam and lever at all times, the former is moved toward it as the movement of the cam into or outy of gear with the lever takes place only while the concentric part of the groove is opposite the pins.

p The hub of the cam has a groove formed in it, and is embraced by a forked shifting lever (14) which has pins intruding between the forks into the groove; this shifting lever is affixed to a shaft (15) mounted in bearings on the side of the frame, and extending forward to the periphery of the pattern or pin wheel On the forward end of the shaft (15) an arm (16) projects over the side of the pattern wheel, and this'arm has a toe (17) which rests against the rim of the wheel on the circle in which the pins are placed.A vThe toe is inclined onone side, so that as the wheel (H) turns, the pins (2') will push out the toe as they pass, Iby pressing against its inclined side. This will move the arm (16) that carries the toe, and partially revolve the shaft (15) and move the arm or shifting lever (14) on its opposite end, which being connected at its lower extremity to the hub of the cam, the latter will receive a movement corresponding to that which is imparted tothe arm (16). The cam is constantly pulled inward by `a spring (1S) acting on the shifting arm (14); So that 'the instant the pin which raises the toe to push the cam (G) outward, passes and releases the toe, the cam is drawn in again by the spring (18) until arrested by the toe (17) striking upon a shorter pin, or resting against the rim of the wheel It will be noticed that there are pins (z' and 71) on the wheel one twice the length of the other, it will also be noticed that these pins are placed in holes which are equidistant,but only a portion of them have pins in them. This wheel is turned by a cam (I) on the cam shaft (B) which acts upon a lever (j) and vibrates it; the front end of this lever has `a' ratchet (j) hinged toit, which takes .into'the teeth on the petime one of them passes under it, until the wheel is turned again. Now as the long pins are of such a length as to turn the arm far enough to bring the cam (Gr) into gear with the pin (10) on the outside of the slot (g2) in the lever and the short pins of the proper length to hold the cam in the middle of the slot clear of both the pins (10), and as the face of' the rim, where there are no pins to prevent the toe from resting thereon, permits the toe (17) to move in far enough to bring the cam into gear with the pin (10) on the inside of the slot of the lever (g), it is plain that the raising, lowering, and standing of the shuttle boxes is determined as the toe (17) is caused to rest on a long or short pin, or on the face of the wheel, now by disposing long and short pins,

and spaces without pins in succession, and in just proportion around the rim ot the wheel, the shuttle boxes will be raised, lowered, and stand still at the proper times, so as to put into the web the vproper relative quantities of the different kinds of wett. The pattern pins are adapted to the holes (i2) in the rim of the wheel, so that they can readily be inserted or withdrawn to vary the pattern. To prevent the pattern Wheel from turning farther than the ratchet finger j) pushes it, the loop of a friction strap or band (19) is passed tightly around the projecting end of the hub of t-he wheel. And to prevent the wheel from turning back a pawl (20) is arranged to drop behind the ratchet teeth as they pass under it.

It often happens that broad stripes of any kind of weft are required in combination with several narrow stripes of weft of other kinds, and it is necessary to make a pattern wheel very large to work such patterns or designs as this; and some designs run into such great extremes that they can not be worked by a pattern wheel of thiskind within any practicable dimensions. To remedy this deflect in the pattern wheel, I have devised what I denominate a multliplier, which I have shown in connection with the pattern wheel on the right side of the loom. This multiplier is a small ratchet wheel (J) with teeth of the same pitch as those upon the periphery `of the pattern wheel, except on one side where there is a deep notch (21) occupying the space of about three teeth. This ratchet wheel is placed in such a position that the ratchet finger (7") which turns the pattern wheel (I-I) will traverse equal distances above and below the radius which extends from the center of that wheel through the axis ot the ratchet wheel. The periphery of the ratchet wheel (J) is made to project beyond that of the pattern or pin wheel a distance fully equal to the depth of its teeth, in order, that the ratchet finger (j) whose edgeis wide enough to extend across the face ofA both the pattern and ratchet wheel, may when engaged with the ratchet wheel, not be engaged with the teeth of the pattern wheel, thus allowing the pattern wheel to remain at rest until the ratchet wheel has been turned one tooth at a time, a complete revolution, or rather a revolution `all but t-he width of the notch (21) in its periphery. As soonv as the ratchet finger (j) reaches the notch (21) it again drops into gear with the periphery of the pattern wheel, and turns the same one notch at a time until one of the pins (22) on its back comes around into contact with the pin (23) near the notch (21) in the ratchet wheel, and turns the latter far enough for the notchf to pass the range of motion of the finger (j) when the latter again takes into the teeth of the ratchet, and is `raised out of gear with the teeth of the pattern wheel. Now as it is only when the pattern wheel is turned so as to vibrate the toe (17) in and out, and change the position of the cam that the shuttle boxes are changed, it is plain that when the proper shuttle for a broad stripe is brought opposite to the race it may be kept there for any required length of time, by having a ratchet wheel of the proper size at that time brought into gear with the finger by a pin (22) in the proper place on the back of the wheel and in case the ratchet wheel has not teeth enough to make a stripe of the requiste breadth that is easily remedied by having a pin (22) in the proper `place on the back of the pattern wheel, and a blank space, or a space of pins, as the case may be, on the face of the wheel under the toe (17) of the length required to hold the toe in the proper position until the pins (22) turn the ratchet wheel (J) by its pin (23) until the notch (21) passes the range of motion of the ratchet finger i (j), when the latter will again be thrown out of gear with the pattern wheel, by engaging with the ratchet wheel, and .the pause or interval between the changes of the shuttle-box will be doubled; and if need be, trebled by putting the finger (7") and ratchet wheel (J) again in gear before the pattern wheel is turned so as to change the position of the toe. By this means the blank spaces between the pins (z') on the pattern wheel (I-I) may be shortened, and the stripes, checks, or other figures and design at the same time increased in breadth to any required extent, thus uniting the here-` ilo ject of this shuttle box motion is to give the power loom an increased capacity for weaving checks and plaids; and it does this by rendering it safe to run the loom at a speed of about two hundred picks per minute. Heretofore it was not safe to run anywhere near this speed because the shuttles could not without great'danger of breaking the machinery be changed fast enough. At a speed like this, the power loom will, as a matter of course, entirely supersede the ordinary hand loom check weaving which from defects in the power loom has hitherto been extensively carried on by hand espe` cially in Great Britain. This shuttle box motion although especially designed for plaid looms, is adapted to the weaving of fabrics of any description that require two shuttles for the weft thread.

The pattern wheel (H) is for the purpose of regulating the order in which the two Y shelf shuttle box (fE), is raised .and lowered and held in any given position. The cam (K), effects 'this through the medium of the lever (L), turning on a fulcrum (Z), and lifting rod (c3). On the front extremity of this lever (L) the shoe of the lifting rod (e3) rests, and the opposite end of the lever is fitted with a lateral pin (r) which carries a slide which traverses two spiral grooves, starting from a common point, one winding to the left, and the other to the right round a common center, and the divergent end of'each when ithas nearly rcompleted a convolution, say when it has reached about rthree hundred and twenty degrees rapidity, but not abruptly, turns in toward the beginning of the other spiral, and meets it, thus forming an endless groove `of two intersecting convolutions. Although I have designated these convolutions as spiral, they are not regular geometrical spirals, but, except for about one sixth of a circle, including an equal distance on` bot-h sides of where these grooves intersect they are concentric with the axis of the cam, and give no motion to the lever (L) or shuttle box (E) the latter is only moved, when by the revolu'- tion of the cam (K) the slide( 7") passes through the eccentric portions of the grooves, from one convolution to another, and when this is from the inner convolution to the outer, the rear end of the lever is de pressed, and its front extremity with the shuttle box resting thereon raised; on the contrary when the slide passes from the outer to the inner groove of the cam, the rear end of the lever is raised, and the front with the shuttle boxes depressed.

The relative length of the two ends of the lever (L) and the distance through which the slide (r) moves, in passing from one groove to another are such that the'shuttle box is raised and depressed the proper distance to bring the two shelves (e) alternately opposite the race. The position .of the shelves are thus changed at every revolution of the cam shaft (B) whileV the cam (K) is kepty clutched to the shaft, and turns with the same; but whenever it is required to keep one of the shelves opposite the race during more than one revolution of the cam shaft, the toe (17) is allowed to rest against a blank space on the side of the rim of the wheel (H) when the shaft (15) to which the arm (16) of the toeY is affixed, turns far enough to move the arm (14:) on its rear end far enough toward the side of the loom to draw in the clutch bolt (24) and uncouple the shaft (B) and cam (K). The clutch being constantly pulled from the cam by the spring (25) acting on the arm `(14) the instant the pin (i) releases the toe (17) the clutch is drawn by the spring out of gear with the cam uncoupling it with the shaft. A spring detent (26) dropping at the same time into the notch (27) on the periphery of the cam to preventit from being turned by the friction between its eye and the shaft. As the wiper or cam (1') on the cam shaft (B) which actuates the click or linger (j) through the lever (L) only acts when the notch (27) of the cam (K) is up, and in gear with the detent, the shuttle box is always held stationary, when in its highest or lowesty positions, but not in any intermediate one. As the toe (17) cam in connection with the cam vperform allrits functions by occupying two positions, it is only necessary to have pins of one length for it to rest upon, when not bearing against the face of the wheel. If the toe (17) were required to occupy more than Vv'the three positionsyexempliied bythe arrangement shown at the left side of the loom, pins (2') of more than two diiferent lengths would have to Abe inserted in the wheel. With these modifications of devices for working the shuttle boxes, by the combination of a cam and pattern wheel, any skillful'constructor of looms for weaving fancy fabrics will easily be able to vary the mechanism to adapt it to special circumstances and purposes.

yThe cheeks of the lay heretofore, have beenl fitted with as many spring swells, or shuttle binders, as there were shelves or shuttle. boxes.` This added greatly to the weight, bulk, and complexityof the boxes. Instead of a binder for each shuttle box, I have one which is common to all the boxes, on either lside of the loom, and the cheek is perforated for the face (28) of the binder (M) to pass throughand project into the box which for the time being is on a level with the race. Each binderis mounted on one end of a rod (29) that lies in bearings on the back of the lay. Near the middle of the rod, two arms are affixed, which project forward beneath the lay; the longer one (30) has its front extremity turned upward to an angle of about 20. so that as the lay moves forward it may strike on a roller, or on a bar (31) and be raised up to turn the rod (29) and retract the swells from the shuttle box into the perforation in the side of the cheek, and thus permit the shuttle boxes to be raised or lowered without obstruction. Instead of this arrangement of the shuttle binder cn the back of the lay, it may be placed in front; in which case, the cheek, if any is used, would have to be placed on the front of the lay also. The binder itself may be formed of a spring plate bent into the proper shape and so arranged upon the lay or cheek that it will constantly tend to press into the shuttle box, and the office of the arm connected with it, will be to draw it out of the shuttle box preparatory to the changing of the same, and also to turn the rod (29) and move the finger (37) when the shuttle is properly boxed so as not to strike the unshipper; and to bring the finger into the position required to strike the unshipper when the shuttle fails t'o enter the box properly.

If the shuttle is not properly boxed the short or slotted arm (32) will be depressed by the spring and will hold down the arm (34;) whose wrist pin (35) is engaged in a slot in the arm (32) this will turn the shaft (36) on which'the arm (34) is aflixed so as to raise a finger (37) which this shaft also carries, and which projects forward, so that in this raisedposition its front extremity will strike the lever (38) and turn it on its fulcrum, this movement of the lever will unlatch a spring shipper (39) which will throw off the driving belt from the fast to the loose pulley and thus stop the loom. By this arrangement the rod (29) with its arms is made to perform the ordinary duty of a protector to unship the belt and stop the loom when a shuttle fails to box prop- 'erly, and also to perform the additional oiiice of holding the swell (M) back from the range of motion of the shuttle boxes, while they are being raised and lowered, and again releasing it as soon as the shuttle boxes are in position and ready for the swell to perform its duty, allowing it to be pressed forward into the shuttle box by the spring (33) which by pressing upon the arm (32) constantly tends to turn the rod (29) and force the face (2S) of the swell forward into the box; under such an` arrangement as this, one swell can be adapted to all the shuttle boxes, on either side of the loom, however numerous they may be, and will work more satisfactorily than the series of swells heretofore used.

When the shuttle is thrown into its box,

it enters with great momentum, which causes it to drive back the picker (s) before it, force back the swell or binder (M) and only stops when it has driven the picker and is itself forced tightly into the cavity in the picker, for the reception of the end of the shuttle. It is plain that with the shuttle and picker thus firmly interlocked, the shuttle boxes can not be raised, and a mode of detaching the shuttles from the picker, preparatory to raising or lowering the shuttle box is to attach a wiper (N) F ig. (12) to the cam shaft at the proper position to strike a shoe (41) on the picker treadle (P) and move the latter slightly to start the picker and shuttle forward say an inch, and' then let the picker fallback again, this eifectually forces the shuttle from the picker by a certain and positive motion. Another method of accomplishing' this object it to attach a shoe (42) Fig. 13, to the picker treadle, and a wiper (Q) to the cam shaft, the shoe and wiper being of such form and arranged in such` manner that the treadle will be depressed at the time the shuttle is entering the shuttle box, far enough to hold the picker forward an inch more or less, but after the shuttle has entered the box, and its motion has been arrested by striking the picker, the latter shall be released `and permitted to retreat again to the outer extreme of its rangeof motion leaving the end ofthe shuttle free so that the shuttle box may be raised or lowered without obstruction. As the jarring of the shuttle boxes and shuttles by the motion of the lay, sometimes causes the ends of the shuttles in those boxes which are above and below the race, to protrude so far, that in raising or lowering the boxes, the shuttles would come in contact with the upper or lower side of the picker and arrest the motion of the boxes prematurely, or break some part of the mechanism.` To prevent this accident I have placed a plate ('w) a short distance without the range of motion of the shuttle boxes, to prevent the ends of the shuttles from protruding too far, and in the range o-f motion of the picker I make a notch 'in this plate, that the picker may pass behind it, and be thus placed entirely out of the reach of any of the parts which are moved in raising and lowering the shuttle boxes.

On the front side of therace board, an arm (4:32 is hinged which is connected to a spring 4.4) that constantly tends to pull it into a position at right angles to the lay, so that when the latter moves forward to beat up the weft, this arm would be brought into contact with the inner end of the lever (38) beneath the breast beam, turn it and set free the spring lever (39) which unships the main driving belt and the loom would be stopped. As the stoppage lof the loom in this manner is only desirable when there is some derangement in the mechanism, this arm is ordinarily turned back against the spring, butt-on, or lever longer stroke than usual, as in the event ofthe picker string breaking. When the picker stick strikes the lower arm of the button it turns it, to move its upper arm from over the end ofthe arm (43) which under the action of the spring (44) instantly flies out, and on the lay moving forward strikes the lever (38) and unships the loom before the picker stick strikes another blow; in this way the loom is protected from injury from the detachment of the picker stick from the picker. To arrest the picker stick after it has set the protector free, it meets a pin projecting from the side of the race board. A. cord might be extended from a latch of any kind, for holding the arm (48) against the race board (R) to the back of the breast beam, in such position that the picker stick would strike it, and opening the latch set the protector free, in case the picker string should break, or the range of motion of the picker stick happen from any cause to be increased.

Instead of a single cam plate (G) with spiral grooves on each side, and a forked lever to embrace the plate, two plates might be used with their adjacent sides fitted with the respective scrolls, and a lever with a cross head between them so arranged that it could vibrate from one cam to the other, or stand between them, or they might be alternately brought into gear with it, these changes it is obvious do not affect the mode of operation of the contrivance.

Having thus described my improvements Y in looms and some of the modifications 2. I claim the method herein described of rendering the pattern or pin wheel capable of working larger patterns, than it could heretofore work without increasing itsl size, by means of ay multiplier, whether the same be constructed, arranged, and connected with the wheel as herein described or otherwise, provided the wheel has its 4. I claim arranglngand operating theY Y shuttle binder independent of the shuttle boxes in such manner that it shall be with drawn from the shelves at the proper time to allow the boxes to be moved without obstruction from it.

5. I claim the method herein described of clearing the shuttle from vthe picker, preparatory to raising or lowering the shuttle boXesby moving the shuttle from the outer end of the box a short distance by a slight forward movement of the picker or holding the picker slightly in advance of its eX- treme back position. until the shuttle is in place and then allowing it to retreat back from the end of the shuttle, substantially as set forth, whereby the picking mechanism detaches itself rfrom the shuttle, before the shuttle boX moves, insteadof making this clearance dependent upon the motion of the lay or other parts of the loom as heretofore. I am aware that the clearance of the shuttle has been effected heretofore by striking against a recoil-spring, and by moving laterally against an inclined plane, therefore I confine my claim to the method of clearing by the motion of the picker itself.

6. I claim the construction of the shifting cam for working the treadle with its two screw threads kand nuts of unequal pitch, formed on separate sections of the cam; the sections which contains the thread of longest pitch being removable so that a corresponding piece with a thread of different pitch may be substituted to adapt the cam to operating a variable number of treadles, and likewise to facilitate repairs.

In testimony whereof, I 4have hereunto subscribed my name.

e BARTON HQ JENKs.

Witnesses:

EDwD. J. ANDERSON, JNO. P. OFFERMAN.

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