TWI690111B - Protection element and its battery pack - Google Patents

Protection element and its battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI690111B
TWI690111B TW107111796A TW107111796A TWI690111B TW I690111 B TWI690111 B TW I690111B TW 107111796 A TW107111796 A TW 107111796A TW 107111796 A TW107111796 A TW 107111796A TW I690111 B TWI690111 B TW I690111B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
electrode
protection element
terminal electrode
fusible conductor
insulating
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TW107111796A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201838227A (en
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陳葆萱
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陳葆萱
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Publication of TWI690111B publication Critical patent/TWI690111B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H01H85/17—Casings characterised by the casing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提出一種保護元件及其電池包，保護元件包括：絕緣外殼體；多個端電極，包括第一端電極、第二端電極以及第三端電極，該些端電極分別貫穿絕緣外殼體，且分別被絕緣外殼體所支撐；彈性元件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該彈性元件的二端分別電氣連接該第一端電極與該第二端電極，用以在該保護元件的第一端電極與第二端電極之間提供第一雙向的電流路徑；可熔導體，配置在絕緣外殼體內；以及第一熱產生組件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該可熔導體與該第一熱產生組件二者彼此電氣串聯於該第一雙向的電流路徑與該第三端電極之間。 The invention provides a protective element and a battery pack thereof. The protective element includes: an insulating outer casing; a plurality of terminal electrodes, including a first terminal electrode, a second terminal electrode, and a third terminal electrode, the terminal electrodes respectively penetrate the insulating outer casing, And are respectively supported by the insulating outer shell; the elastic element is arranged in the insulating outer shell, and the two ends of the elastic element are electrically connected to the first end electrode and the second end electrode, respectively, for the first end of the protection element A first bidirectional current path is provided between the electrode and the second terminal electrode; a fusible conductor, arranged in the insulating housing; and a first heat generating component, arranged in the insulating housing, the fusible conductor and the first heat generating The two components are electrically connected in series with each other between the first bidirectional current path and the third terminal electrode.

Description

保護元件及其電池包 Protection element and its battery pack

本發明是有關於一種保護元件及其電池包，且特別是有關於一種具備過電流、過電壓或過溫度保護功能的保護元件以及可承受高充放電電流的保護元件及其電池包。 The present invention relates to a protection element and its battery pack, and in particular to a protection element with over-current, over-voltage or over-temperature protection function, and a protection element and battery pack that can withstand high charge and discharge current.

先前的保護元件，其端電極大都配置於基板上，且將可熔導體配置在端電極上，未來應用於馬達相關的瞬間工作電流都相當的高，甚至高於50A，設置於基板上的端電極與基板都無法承受如此大異常電流的流通，甚至，端電極與基板都會因可熔導體於熔斷的瞬間，所產生的高熱以及高壓而被熔融或斷裂。另，可熔導體若要能承受30A~100A之間的工作電流或額定電流，其截面積(厚度與寬度)都必須加大，該可熔導體熔斷後分開成兩部分的距離，也必須有足夠的空間，確保斷開後可熔導體的絕緣電阻在安全範圍內。 In the previous protection devices, the terminal electrodes are mostly arranged on the substrate, and the fusible conductors are arranged on the terminal electrodes. In the future, the instantaneous working current applied to the motor is quite high, even higher than 50A, and the terminal is provided on the substrate. Neither the electrode nor the substrate can withstand the flow of such a large abnormal current. Even the end electrode and the substrate will be melted or broken due to the high heat and high pressure generated by the fusible conductor at the moment of fusing. In addition, if the fusible conductor can withstand the working current or rated current between 30A~100A, its cross-sectional area (thickness and width) must be increased. After the fusible conductor is fused, it must be separated into two parts. There is enough space to ensure that the insulation resistance of the fusible conductor after disconnection is within a safe range.

因此，為了因應市場未來大額定電流的需求，保護元件的端電極必須加大其截面積且使用導電性較佳的金屬材料(如：金屬片)，並且提出避免保護元件的端電極印刷在絕緣基板上 以及避免可熔導體截面積(厚度與寬度)加大後所產生絕緣電阻不夠大的問題與保護元件動作的速度或時間變慢，同時確保本身的安全性與穩定性。 Therefore, in order to meet the market's future demand for large rated current, the terminal electrode of the protection element must increase its cross-sectional area and use a metal material with better conductivity (such as a metal sheet), and it is proposed to avoid the terminal electrode of the protection element printed on the insulation The problem of insufficient insulation resistance caused by the increase of the cross-sectional area (thickness and width) of the fusible conductor on the substrate and the slow speed or time of the protection element action, while ensuring its own safety and stability.

為了解決上述的問題，本發明提出一種保護元件以及電池包。保護元件包括：絕緣外殼體；多個端電極，包括第一端電極、第二端電極以及第三端電極，該些端電極分別貫穿絕緣外殼體，且分別被絕緣外殼體所支撐；彈性元件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該彈性元件的二端分別電氣連接該第一端電極與該第二端電極，用以在該保護元件的第一端電極與第二端電極之間提供第一雙向的電流路徑；可熔導體，配置在絕緣外殼體內；以及第一熱產生組件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該可熔導體與該第一熱產生組件二者彼此電氣串聯於該第一雙向的電流路徑與該第三端電極之間。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a protection element and a battery pack. The protection element includes: an insulating outer shell; a plurality of terminal electrodes, including a first terminal electrode, a second terminal electrode, and a third terminal electrode, the terminal electrodes respectively penetrate the insulating outer shell and are respectively supported by the insulating outer shell; the elastic element , Disposed in the insulating housing, the two ends of the elastic element are electrically connected to the first end electrode and the second end electrode, respectively, to provide a first between the first end electrode and the second end electrode of the protection element A bidirectional current path; a fusible conductor arranged in the insulating housing; and a first heat generating component arranged in the insulating housing, the fusible conductor and the first heat generating component are electrically connected in series with each other in the first bidirectional Between the current path and the third terminal electrode.

本發明提出一種電池包，包括：至少一電池元件；上述的保護元件，其中該保護元件與該至少一電池元件串聯連接以形成至少一充放電電流路徑；開關電路，耦接到該第三端電極；以及偵測控制電路，用以偵測該至少一電池元件的電壓或溫度，依據所偵測到的電壓或溫度而決定該開關電路的狀態。 The present invention provides a battery pack including: at least one battery element; the above-mentioned protection element, wherein the protection element is connected in series with the at least one battery element to form at least one charge-discharge current path; a switching circuit is coupled to the third terminal Electrodes; and a detection control circuit for detecting the voltage or temperature of the at least one battery element, and determining the state of the switching circuit according to the detected voltage or temperature.

888、888a、888b、888c‧‧‧保護元件 888, 888a, 888b, 888c ‧‧‧ protection element

1‧‧‧充電裝置或電子裝置 1‧‧‧Charging device or electronic device

2‧‧‧充放電控制電路 2‧‧‧Charge and discharge control circuit

4‧‧‧電池元件 4‧‧‧Battery components

5‧‧‧偵測控制電路 5‧‧‧detection control circuit

6‧‧‧多孔洞的陶瓷結構 6‧‧‧Porous ceramic structure

7(1)‧‧‧第一熱產生組件 7(1)‧‧‧The first heat generating component

7a、7b‧‧‧發熱體電極 7a, 7b‧‧‧Heating body electrode

7c‧‧‧第一發熱體 7c‧‧‧First heating element

7z‧‧‧吸附電極 7z‧‧‧adsorption electrode

8‧‧‧可熔導體 8‧‧‧ Fusible conductor

9(1)、9(2)‧‧‧焊料或焊錫 9(1), 9(2) ‧‧‧ solder or solder

10‧‧‧絕緣基板 10‧‧‧Insulated substrate

16‧‧‧絕緣層 16‧‧‧Insulation

18‧‧‧開口 18‧‧‧ opening

19‧‧‧絕緣外殼體 19‧‧‧Insulated shell

19a‧‧‧絕緣外殼體蓋體 19a‧‧‧Insulating shell cover

19b‧‧‧絕緣外殼體基體 19b‧‧‧Insulating shell substrate

19x1、19x2、19x3、19x4、19x5、19x6‧‧‧絕緣外殼體的六個面 19x1, 19x2, 19x3, 19x4, 19x5, 19x6

588‧‧‧電池包 588‧‧‧Battery pack

S‧‧‧開關電路 S‧‧‧Switch circuit

S1‧‧‧彈性元件 S1‧‧‧Elastic element

Ic‧‧‧充電電流或充電電流的路徑 Ic‧‧‧charging current or charging current path

Id‧‧‧放電電流或放電電流的路徑 Id‧‧‧discharge current or path of discharge current

11‧‧‧第一端電極 11‧‧‧First electrode

21‧‧‧第二端電極 21‧‧‧Second terminal electrode

31‧‧‧第三端電極 31‧‧‧The third electrode

圖1為本發明之一種保護元件的剖面示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element of the present invention.

圖1A為保護元件的等效電路圖。 Fig. 1A is an equivalent circuit diagram of a protection element.

圖1B為保護元件的彈性元件恢復原始位置之剖面示意圖。 FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elastic element of the protection element returning to its original position.

圖1C為保護元件的可熔導體被熔斷之剖面示意圖。 1C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fusible conductor of the protection element being fused.

圖1D為保護元件保護動作後的等效電路圖。 FIG. 1D is an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element after protection operation.

圖1E為保護元件的等效電路圖。 FIG. 1E is an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element.

圖1F為凸出體的剖面示意圖。 FIG. 1F is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protrusion.

圖1G為彈性元件動作的剖面示意圖。 FIG. 1G is a schematic cross-sectional view of the action of the elastic element.

圖1H為保護元件的等效電路圖。 Figure 1H is an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element.

圖1I為本發明之一種保護元件的剖面示意圖。 FIG. 1I is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element of the present invention.

圖2為本發明之一種保護元件的剖面示意圖。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element of the present invention.

圖2A為本發明之一種保護元件的剖面示意圖。 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element of the present invention.

圖2B為本發明之一種保護元件的剖面示意圖。 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element of the present invention.

圖2C為本發明之一種保護元件的外觀示意圖。 2C is a schematic view of the appearance of a protection element of the present invention.

圖2D為本發明之一種保護元件的外觀示意圖。 2D is a schematic view of the appearance of a protection element of the present invention.

圖3為本發明之一種電池包的電路構成的例圖。 FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a circuit configuration of a battery pack of the present invention.

為使能更進一步瞭解本發明之特徵和技術內容，請參閱以下相關的實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。另外，凡可能之處，在圖式及實施方式中使用相同標號的元件/構件代表相同或類似部分。此外，圖示是以示意方式繪示，會有各尺寸的比率與實際不同的情形，應參酌以下的說明自行判斷。實施例說明如下： In order to further understand the features and technical contents of the present invention, please refer to the following related embodiments and make detailed descriptions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows. In addition, wherever possible, elements/components using the same reference numerals in the drawings and embodiments represent the same or similar parts. In addition, the illustration is drawn in a schematic way, and the ratio of each size may be different from the actual one. You should refer to the following description to judge for yourself. The embodiment is described as follows:

【保護元件888】 【Protection element 888】

圖1繪示為本發明第一實施例的一種保護元件888的剖面示意圖。圖1A繪示為保護元件888的等效電路圖。請同時參考圖1以及圖1A。本實施例的保護元件888包括：絕緣外殼體19、；三個端電極、彈性元件S1、焊料9、可熔導體8、吸附電極7z以及第一熱產生組件7(1)。 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element 888 according to the first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element 888. Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A at the same time. The protection element 888 of this embodiment includes: an insulating outer casing 19; three terminal electrodes, an elastic element S1, a solder 9, a fusible conductor 8, an adsorption electrode 7z, and a first heat generating component 7(1).

【絕緣外殼體19】 【Insulation shell 19】

絕緣外殼體19包含絕緣外殼體蓋體19a與絕緣外殼體基體19b。絕緣外殼體19的成分包含聚合物(polymer)與陶瓷材料等其中之一者或兩者的組合。其中，該陶瓷材料包含碳化矽SiC、氧化鋁、氮化鋁、氮化矽Si3N4、石墨等其中任一者或其中的兩者以上的組合。其中，聚合物包含耐熱性良好的工程塑膠中的任一種或二種以上的組合。第一實施例之保護元件888的絕緣外殼體19的主成分為聚合物(polymer)，包含聚苯硫醚(Polyhenylenesulfide)。絕緣外殼體19在成形為圖1的形狀(或其他形狀，如圖2C、圖2D)時，可以分成絕緣外殼體基體19a與絕緣外殼體基體19b兩部分，分別成型。其中，絕緣外殼體蓋體19a也可以同時使用嵌入成型的製程，將第一端電極11、第二端電極21、第三端電極31以及絕緣外殼體蓋體19a一體化成型。絕緣外殼體19具有左面部19x1、右面部19x2、上面部19x3、底面部19x4、前面部19x5以及後面部19x6等六個面部(如圖2C)。 The insulating outer case 19 includes an insulating outer case cover 19a and an insulating outer case base 19b. The components of the insulating housing 19 include one or a combination of polymers and ceramic materials. The ceramic material includes any one of silicon carbide SiC, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride Si3N4, graphite, or a combination of two or more thereof. Among them, the polymer includes any one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of engineering plastics having good heat resistance. The main component of the insulating outer case 19 of the protection element 888 of the first embodiment is a polymer, which includes polyhenylenesulfide. When the insulating outer shell 19 is formed into the shape of FIG. 1 (or other shapes, as shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D), the insulating outer shell base 19a and the insulating outer shell base 19b can be divided into two parts and formed separately. The insulating outer shell cover 19a may also use an insert molding process to integrally form the first terminal electrode 11, the second terminal electrode 21, the third terminal electrode 31, and the insulating outer shell cover 19a. The insulating outer case 19 has six face parts including a left face part 19x1, a right face part 19x2, an upper face part 19x3, a bottom face part 19x4, a front part 19x5, and a back part 19x6 (see FIG. 2C).

【端電極、吸附電極7z】 【Terminal electrode, adsorption electrode 7z】

上述三個端電極(即第一端電極11、第二端電極21、第三端電極31)貫穿絕緣外殼體蓋體19a且由絕緣外殼體蓋體19a支 撐。每一個端電極(即第一端電極11、第二端電極21)的其中一端(第一端)配置(外露)於絕緣外殼體19外，另一端(第二端)配置或浮設於絕緣外殼體19內或延伸至絕緣外殼體19內。更進一步來說，第三端電極31的第二端配置在絕緣外殼體基體19b上。第一端電極11的第二端與絕緣外殼體基體19b之間具有間隙，且第二端電極21的第二端與絕緣外殼體基體19b之間也具有間隙。除此之外，由於該些端電極以及吸附電極7z並非以印刷製程而是以其他製程(如：壓合製程)成型，設計者可根據實際應用或設計需求而調整該些端電極的厚度與密度，以降低該些端電極的內阻。本發明所有的端電極以及吸附電極7z的材料包含以金、銀、銅、錫、鉛、鋁、鎳、鈀、白金等中任一種作為主成份或其部分的組合作為主成分的材料所製成的片狀或長條狀的金屬。另，外露在絕緣外殼體19外的部分端電極以及吸附電極7z的表面可以鍍上一層或多層較不易氧化或較穩定的金屬材料如：鎳、錫、鉛、鋁、鎳、金等。如此一來，該些端電極或吸附電極7z可避免大電流流經第一端電極11與第二端電極21時產生高溫而使第一端電極11與第二端電極21被熔融。本發明的所有端電極都可採用類似於上述說明的方式來實現。需說明的是本實施例的第三端電極31的第二端與絕緣外殼體基體19b之間也可以具有間隙，第一端電極11與第二端電極21的第二端也可以配置在絕緣外殼體基體19b上(視不同之需要而調整設計)。另，流經吸附電極7z的電流值小於流經第一端電極11與第二端電極21的電流值，因為第一熱產生組件7(1)的電阻值大於彈性元件S1 之電阻值。 The above-mentioned three terminal electrodes (i.e., the first terminal electrode 11, the second terminal electrode 21, and the third terminal electrode 31) penetrate the insulating housing cover 19a and are supported by the insulating housing cover 19a. One end (first end) of each end electrode (ie, the first end electrode 11 and the second end electrode 21) is arranged (exposed) outside the insulating outer casing 19, and the other end (second end) is arranged or floated on the insulation The outer casing 19 extends into the insulating outer casing 19. Furthermore, the second end of the third terminal electrode 31 is disposed on the insulating housing base 19b. There is a gap between the second end of the first terminal electrode 11 and the insulating housing base 19b, and there is also a gap between the second end of the second terminal electrode 21 and the insulating housing base 19b. In addition, since the terminal electrodes and the adsorption electrode 7z are not formed by printing processes but by other processes (such as a pressing process), the designer can adjust the thickness and thickness of the terminal electrodes according to actual application or design requirements Density to reduce the internal resistance of these terminal electrodes. The materials of all terminal electrodes and adsorption electrodes 7z of the present invention include materials made of any one of gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, palladium, platinum, etc. as a main component or a combination of parts thereof as a main component Into a sheet or strip of metal. In addition, the surface of the part of the terminal electrode exposed outside the insulating housing 19 and the adsorption electrode 7z may be coated with one or more layers of metal materials that are less susceptible to oxidation or more stable, such as nickel, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, gold, etc. In this way, the terminal electrodes or the adsorption electrodes 7z can prevent the high current from flowing through the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 to generate a high temperature and cause the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 to be melted. All terminal electrodes of the present invention can be implemented in a manner similar to that described above. It should be noted that there may also be a gap between the second end of the third terminal electrode 31 and the insulating housing base 19b in this embodiment, and the second ends of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 may also be arranged in the insulating On the outer shell base 19b (adjust the design according to different needs). In addition, the current value flowing through the adsorption electrode 7z is smaller than the current value flowing through the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21, because the resistance value of the first heat generating element 7(1) is greater than the resistance value of the elastic element S1.

【彈性元件S1與焊料】 【Elastic element S1 and solder】

焊料包含焊料9(1)與焊料9(2)，焊料9(1)將彈性元件S1的第一端固定在第二端電極21上，且電氣連接第二端電極21，焊料9(2)將彈性元件S1的第二端固定在第一端電極11上，且電氣連接第一端電極11，用以在該保護元件的第一端電極與第二端電極之間提供第一雙向的電流路徑(充電電流的路徑Ic與放電電流的路徑Id)。本發明專利說明書中所述之電氣連接，都可適用以上述焊料9(1)、9(2)為電氣連接的方法之一。焊料9(1)、9(2)的材料包含以錫為主成分的有鉛或無鉛組合物。彈性元件S1之構成材料並無特別限制，較佳地，彈性元件S1是具有強彈性、強拉伸力、高硬度、高導電的導體或金屬材料，且彈性元件S1之構成材料最好與焊料9或金屬有很好的結合性。請參考圖1G，原始狀態的彈性元件S1是保持在水平狀態，彈性元件S1是可以藉由外力向下或向上折彎，當外力移除後，彈性元件S1會回復原始水平狀態。本實施例將彈性元件S1的第一端向下折彎，並藉由焊料9(1)將彈性元件S1的第一端固定在第二端電極21上且電氣連接第二端電極21。當焊料9(1)部分熔融時，彈性元件S1的技術特徵是藉由本身的彈性，強制脫離第二端電極21(即回復至原始水平狀態)，使彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間呈現開路狀態(open circuit)，等同於彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間的電流路徑被斷開，焊料9(2)的熔點或液化點可以高於焊料9(1)的熔點或液化點。本發明的所有彈性元件S1都適用上述的說明。需特別說明的是：為提升或加強將彈性元件S1的第一端固定在第二端電極21上，請參考圖1F，本實施例的保護元件888可另包括至少一 凸出體Sa，配置在彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間，焊料9(1)也配置在彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間，填滿凸出體Sa以外的空間，調整Sa的高度可以增加或減少耗料的用量，並確保彈性元件S1不會將焊料9(1)全部擠出，造成焊接不良，無法將彈性元件S1的第一端適當的固定在第二端電極21上。凸出體Sa可以是將彈性元件S1或第二端電極21本身沖壓而成或業界熟知的任何技術而製成，也可是外加任何形狀的固體。凸出體Sa可以適用於本發明所有的保護元件。需特別說明的是：本實施例也可將彈性元件S1的第一端向下折彎並藉由焊料9(1)將彈性元件S1的第一端固定在第一端電極11上，且電氣連接第一端電極11。焊料9(2)將彈性元件S1的第二端固定在第二端電極21上，且電氣連接第二端電極21。焊料9(2)的熔點或液化點可以高於焊料9(1)的熔點或液化點。當然，第一端電極11與第二端電極21的高度也需配合調整。 The solder includes solder 9(1) and solder 9(2). The solder 9(1) fixes the first end of the elastic element S1 to the second terminal electrode 21 and is electrically connected to the second terminal electrode 21 and the solder 9(2) The second end of the elastic element S1 is fixed on the first end electrode 11 and electrically connected to the first end electrode 11 to provide a first bidirectional current between the first end electrode and the second end electrode of the protection element Path (the path I c of the charging current and the path I d of the discharging current). The electrical connection described in the patent specification of the present invention can be applied to the solder 9(1) and 9(2) as one of the electrical connection methods. The materials of the solders 9(1) and 9(2) include lead-containing or lead-free compositions containing tin as a main component. The constituent material of the elastic element S1 is not particularly limited. Preferably, the elastic element S1 is a conductor or metal material with strong elasticity, strong tensile force, high hardness, and high conductivity, and the constituent material of the elastic element S1 is preferably a solder 9 or metal has a good combination. Please refer to FIG. 1G, the original elastic element S1 is maintained in a horizontal state, and the elastic element S1 can be bent downward or upward by external force. When the external force is removed, the elastic element S1 will return to the original horizontal state. In this embodiment, the first end of the elastic element S1 is bent downward, and the first end of the elastic element S1 is fixed on the second terminal electrode 21 and electrically connected to the second terminal electrode 21 by solder 9(1). When the solder 9(1) is partially melted, the technical feature of the elastic element S1 is to forcibly disengage the second terminal electrode 21 (that is, return to the original horizontal state) by its own elasticity, so that the elastic element S1 and the second terminal electrode 21 Open circuit (open circuit), equivalent to the current path between the elastic element S1 and the second end electrode 21 is disconnected, the melting point or liquefaction point of the solder 9 (2) may be higher than the melting point of the solder 9 (1) or Liquefaction point. The above description applies to all elastic elements S1 of the present invention. It should be particularly noted that: to enhance or strengthen the first end of the elastic element S1 fixed to the second end electrode 21, please refer to FIG. 1F, the protection element 888 of this embodiment may further include at least one protrusion Sa, configured Between the elastic element S1 and the second terminal electrode 21, the solder 9(1) is also arranged between the elastic element S1 and the second terminal electrode 21, filling the space other than the protrusion Sa, adjusting the height of Sa can increase or Reduce the amount of consumable materials and ensure that the elastic element S1 will not squeeze out all the solder 9(1), resulting in poor soldering, and the first end of the elastic element S1 cannot be properly fixed on the second end electrode 21. The protruding body Sa may be made by stamping the elastic element S1 or the second terminal electrode 21 itself or any technique well known in the industry, or it may be a solid of any shape. The protrusion Sa can be applied to all the protection elements of the present invention. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first end of the elastic element S1 can also be bent downward and the first end of the elastic element S1 can be fixed on the first end electrode 11 by solder 9(1), and the electrical Connect the first end electrode 11. The solder 9 (2) fixes the second end of the elastic element S1 to the second end electrode 21 and electrically connects the second end electrode 21. The melting point or liquefaction point of the solder 9(2) may be higher than that of the solder 9(1). Of course, the heights of the first terminal electrode 11 and the second terminal electrode 21 also need to be adjusted.

【第一熱產生組件7(1)】 [The first heat generating component 7(1)]

第一熱產生組件7(1)配置在該絕緣外殼體19內，並且配置在第三端電極31上，包括二個發熱體電極7a、7b以及第一發熱體7c，且三者形成所謂三明治的結構，第一發熱體7c被夾在二個第一發熱體電極7a、7b之間(例如：晶片型的正溫度係數電阻PTC Resister)，第一發熱體7c的其中一端電氣連接發熱體電極7a，另一端電氣連接發熱體電極7b。需特別說明的是，本實施例中的發熱體電極7b是藉由焊錫或焊料9固定在第三端電極31上，並且電氣連接第三端電極31。第一熱產生組件7(1)由第三端電極31支撐。第一發熱體7c是電阻值相對較高的元件(相較於可熔導體8)，且具有電流通過就會發熱的特性，其材料包括二氧化釕(RuO2)、氧 化釕、氧化鋅、釕、銅、鈀、白金、碳化鈦、碳化鎢、鉑、鉬、鎢、碳黑、有機結合劑或無機結合劑等其中之一為主成分或其中部分組合物為主成分的陶瓷元件。第一發熱體電極7a、7b可以是單層金屬或多層金屬結構，其各層的材料包括銅、錫、鉛、鐵、鎳、鋁、鈦、鉑、鎢、鋅、銥、鈷、鈀、銀、金、羰基鐵、羰基鎳、羰基鈷等其中之一或其部分組合成的合金。 The first heat generating component 7(1) is arranged in the insulating outer casing 19 and is arranged on the third terminal electrode 31, including two heating body electrodes 7a, 7b and a first heating body 7c, and the three form a so-called sandwich The structure of the first heating element 7c is sandwiched between two first heating element electrodes 7a, 7b (for example: wafer-type positive temperature coefficient resistance PTC Resister), one end of the first heating element 7c is electrically connected to the heating element electrode 7a. The other end is electrically connected to the heating element electrode 7b. In particular, the heating element electrode 7b in this embodiment is fixed to the third terminal electrode 31 by solder or solder 9 and electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31. The first heat generating component 7(1) is supported by the third terminal electrode 31. The first heating element 7c is an element with a relatively high resistance value (compared to the fusible conductor 8), and has the property of generating heat when passing current, and its materials include ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, and ruthenium , Copper, palladium, platinum, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, platinum, molybdenum, tungsten, carbon black, organic binders or inorganic binders, etc. The main component or a part of the composition of the main component of the ceramic element. The first heating body electrodes 7a, 7b may be a single-layer metal or multi-layer metal structure, and the materials of each layer include copper, tin, lead, iron, nickel, aluminum, titanium, platinum, tungsten, zinc, iridium, cobalt, palladium, silver , Gold, iron carbonyl, nickel carbonyl, cobalt carbonyl, etc. one or a part of the alloy.

【可熔導體8】 【Fusable conductor 8】

可熔導體8配置在絕緣外殼體19內。絕緣外殼體19具有保護絕緣外殼體19內的元件的功用，包含如：彈性元件S1、可熔導體8、第一端電極11、第二端電極21、第三端電極31的第二端以及第一熱產生組件7(1)等。可熔導體8可以是多層結構，具有低熔點導體層與高熔點導體層，其中低熔點導體層與高熔點導體層的熔點不相同。當然，可熔導體8也可是單層結構，只包含單一熔點的金屬導體層(低熔點導體層或高熔點導體層)。可熔導體8中的低熔點導體層的材料包含以錫為主成分的有鉛或無鉛金屬合金。可熔導體8中的高熔點導體層的材料包含以銀、銅、錫、鉍、銦、鋅、鋁等部分組成的合金。本發明的所有可熔導體都適用上述的說明。可熔導體8的兩端分別電氣連接第二端電極21與第一熱產生組件7(1)，以在第二端電極21與第一熱產生組件7(1)之間形成雙向的電流路徑。當然，可熔導體8的兩端也可以改成分別電氣連接第一端電極11與第一熱產生組件7(1)。需特別說明的是，本實施例中的可熔導體8的一端是藉由焊錫或焊料固定在第二端電極21的表面， 並且電氣連接第二端電極21，另外一端是藉由焊錫或焊料固定在吸附電極7z上，並且電氣連接吸附電極7z。吸附電極7z配置在可熔導體8與發熱體電極7a之間，並且電氣連接可熔導體8與發熱體電極7a。吸附電極7z的優點是當可熔導體8的體積變大時，部分被熔融的可熔導體8可以吸附在較大面積的吸附電極7z上(相較於發熱體電極7a)。需說明的是，本實施例之保護元件888也可以不包括吸附電極7z，直接將可熔導體8的另外一端藉由焊錫或焊料固定在發熱體電極7a上，發熱體電極7a也可以調整其面積大小，其效果並不影響本發明之保護元件888的基本功能。另，需特別說明的是：本發明的所有保護元件中的可熔導體8與第一熱產生組件7(1)二者彼此電氣串聯於第一雙向的電流路徑(Ic、Id)與第三端電極31之間。因為只需將第一端電極11、第二端電極21、可熔導體8、第一熱產生組件7(1)以及第三端電極31做不同的連結或耦接或電氣連接的組合即可(請參考圖1A、圖1E、圖1H以及圖1I)。 The fusible conductor 8 is arranged in the insulating outer case 19. The insulating outer shell 19 has the function of protecting the elements in the insulating outer shell 19, including, for example: the elastic element S1, the fusible conductor 8, the first end electrode 11, the second end electrode 21, the second end of the third end electrode 31, and The first heat generating component 7(1) and the like. The fusible conductor 8 may be a multi-layer structure having a low melting point conductor layer and a high melting point conductor layer, where the melting points of the low melting point conductor layer and the high melting point conductor layer are different. Of course, the fusible conductor 8 may also have a single-layer structure and only include a single-melting-point metal conductor layer (low-melting-point conductor layer or high-melting-point conductor layer). The material of the low-melting-point conductor layer in the fusible conductor 8 includes a lead or lead-free metal alloy mainly composed of tin. The material of the high-melting-point conductor layer in the fusible conductor 8 includes an alloy composed of silver, copper, tin, bismuth, indium, zinc, aluminum, and the like. The above description applies to all fusible conductors of the present invention. Both ends of the fusible conductor 8 are electrically connected to the second terminal electrode 21 and the first heat generating component 7(1) to form a bidirectional current path between the second terminal electrode 21 and the first heat generating component 7(1) . Of course, both ends of the fusible conductor 8 can also be changed to electrically connect the first terminal electrode 11 and the first heat generating component 7(1), respectively. It should be particularly noted that one end of the fusible conductor 8 in this embodiment is fixed to the surface of the second terminal electrode 21 by solder or solder, and is electrically connected to the second terminal electrode 21, and the other end is solder or solder. It is fixed to the adsorption electrode 7z and electrically connected to the adsorption electrode 7z. The adsorption electrode 7z is disposed between the soluble conductor 8 and the heating element electrode 7a, and electrically connects the soluble conductor 8 and the heating element electrode 7a. The advantage of the adsorption electrode 7z is that when the volume of the soluble conductor 8 becomes larger, the partially melted soluble conductor 8 can be adsorbed on the adsorption electrode 7z with a larger area (compared to the heating electrode 7a). It should be noted that the protection element 888 of this embodiment may not include the adsorption electrode 7z, and the other end of the fusible conductor 8 is directly fixed to the heating element electrode 7a by solder or solder, and the heating element electrode 7a can also be adjusted. The size of the area does not affect the basic function of the protection element 888 of the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that the fusible conductor 8 and the first heat generating component 7(1) in all the protection elements of the present invention are electrically connected in series with each other in the first bidirectional current path (Ic, Id) and the third Between the end electrodes 31. Because only the first terminal electrode 11, the second terminal electrode 21, the fusible conductor 8, the first heat generating component 7(1) and the third terminal electrode 31 need to be connected, coupled or electrically connected in different combinations (Please refer to FIGS. 1A, 1E, 1H, and 1I).

【保護元件888的動作說明】 【Description of operation of protection element 888】

請參閱圖1A、圖1B、圖1C以及圖1D，當低於額定電流值的電流流經彈性元件S1時，保護元件888不會動作，維持保護元件888的原始狀態。 Please refer to FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C and FIG. 1D. When a current lower than the rated current flows through the elastic element S1, the protection element 888 will not operate, maintaining the original state of the protection element 888.

請參閱圖1B，狀況一：當高於額定電流值的電流流經彈性元件S1時，彈性元件S1會因本身發熱而將焊料9(1)熔融(請參考圖1B)，當焊料9(1)部分熔融時，彈性元件S1的第一端是藉由本身的彈性，強制脫離第二端電極21(即回復至原始水平狀態)，使彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間呈現開路狀態(open circuit)，等同於彈性元件S1與第二端電極 21之間的電流路徑被斷開。 Please refer to FIG. 1B, condition 1: when current higher than the rated current flows through the elastic element S1, the elastic element S1 will melt the solder 9(1) due to its own heat (please refer to FIG. 1B), when the solder 9(1 ) When the part is melted, the first end of the elastic element S1 is forced to detach from the second end electrode 21 (that is, return to the original horizontal state) by its own elasticity, so that the elastic element S1 and the second end electrode 21 are in an open state (open circuit), which is equivalent to the current path between the elastic element S1 and the second terminal electrode 21 being disconnected.

請參閱圖1B以及圖1C，狀況二：當第一熱產生組件7(1)發熱時，第一熱產生組件7(1)所產生的熱能經由發熱體電極7a以及吸附電極7z傳遞到可熔導體8、第二端電極21以及焊料9(1)。因第二端電極21的熔點高於可熔導體8與焊料9(1)，並且可熔導體8與焊料9(1)的熔點相似，但，可熔導體8的體積大於焊料9(1)的體積，所以，焊料9(1)先被熔融(請參考圖1B)。當焊料9(1)部分熔融時，彈性元件S1的第一端是藉由本身的彈性，強制脫離第二端電極21(即回復至原始水平狀態)，使彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間呈現開路狀態(open circuit)，等同於彈性元件S1與第二端電極21之間的電流路徑被斷開。一端時間之後，可熔導體8被熔斷，部分被熔融的可熔導體8吸附在吸附電極7上(請參考圖1C)，因此，第二端電極21與第一熱產生組件7(1)或第三端電極31之間的電流路徑被斷開。需說明的是：可熔導體8的熔點或液化點可以高於焊料9(1)的熔點或液化點，或者是，可熔導體8的熔點或液化點可以低於焊料9(1)的熔點或液化點，只需確保焊料9(1)先被熔融，一段時間之後，可熔導體8才被熔斷即可。 Please refer to FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C. Condition 2: When the first heat generating element 7(1) generates heat, the heat energy generated by the first heat generating element 7(1) is transferred to the fusible via the heating element electrode 7a and the adsorption electrode 7z Conductor 8, second terminal electrode 21, and solder 9(1). The melting point of the second terminal electrode 21 is higher than that of the soluble conductor 8 and the solder 9(1), and the melting point of the soluble conductor 8 and the solder 9(1) is similar, but the volume of the soluble conductor 8 is larger than that of the solder 9(1) Volume, so the solder 9(1) is melted first (please refer to Figure 1B). When the solder 9(1) is partially melted, the first end of the elastic element S1 is forced to disengage from the second end electrode 21 (that is, return to the original horizontal state) by its own elasticity, so that the elastic element S1 and the second end electrode 21 There is an open circuit between them, which is equivalent to the current path between the elastic element S1 and the second end electrode 21 being disconnected. After one end of time, the fusible conductor 8 is fused, and part of the melted fusible conductor 8 is adsorbed on the adsorption electrode 7 (please refer to FIG. 1C). Therefore, the second end electrode 21 and the first heat generating component 7(1) or The current path between the third terminal electrodes 31 is disconnected. It should be noted that the melting point or liquefaction point of the fusible conductor 8 may be higher than the melting point or liquefaction point of the solder 9(1), or the melting point or liquefaction point of the fusible conductor 8 may be lower than the melting point of the solder 9(1) Or the liquefaction point, it is only necessary to ensure that the solder 9(1) is melted first, and the fusible conductor 8 is melted after a period of time.

圖2繪示為本發明第二實施例的一種保護元件888a的剖面示意圖。圖1A繪示為保護元件888a的等效電路圖。本實施例之保護元件888a與第一實施例的保護元件888相似，兩者主要的差異是：本實施例之保護元件888a還包括絕緣基板10以及絕緣層16。其中，第一熱產生組件包括二個發熱體電極7a、7b以及第一發熱體7c，第一熱產生組件7(1)配置在絕緣基板10上，第一發熱體7c的其中一端 電氣連接發熱體電極7a，另一端電氣連接發熱體電極7b。絕緣層16配置在第一發熱體7c上。其中，發熱體電極7a又延伸至絕緣層16表面上，並且電氣連接吸附電極7z。需說明的是，本實施例之保護元件888a也可以不包括絕緣層16，只需將第一發熱體7c與發熱體電極7a、7b分別配置在絕緣基板10上而不重疊即可(未繪示)，其果效與圖1D的保護元件888a相似。其他有關結構與動作的相關說明與第一實施例之保護元件888相似，請自行參閱，在此不再贅述。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element 888a according to a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element 888a. The protection element 888a of this embodiment is similar to the protection element 888 of the first embodiment. The main difference between the two is that the protection element 888a of this embodiment further includes an insulating substrate 10 and an insulating layer 16. The first heat generating component includes two heating element electrodes 7a, 7b and a first heating element 7c. The first heat generating element 7(1) is disposed on the insulating substrate 10, and one end of the first heating element 7c is electrically connected to generate heat The body electrode 7a has the other end electrically connected to the heating body electrode 7b. The insulating layer 16 is arranged on the first heating element 7c. The heating element electrode 7a extends to the surface of the insulating layer 16 and is electrically connected to the adsorption electrode 7z. It should be noted that the protection element 888a of this embodiment may not include the insulating layer 16, and only the first heating element 7c and the heating element electrodes 7a and 7b are arranged on the insulating substrate 10 without overlapping (not shown) Shown), the effect is similar to the protection element 888a of FIG. 1D. Other related descriptions of the structure and operation are similar to the protection element 888 of the first embodiment, please refer to it by yourself, and it will not be repeated here.

圖2A繪示為本發明第三實施例的一種保護元件888b的剖面示意圖。圖1A繪示為保護元件888b的等效電路圖。本實施例之保護元件888b與第二實施例的保護元件888a相似，兩者主要的差異是：本實施例之保護元件888b的第一熱產生組件7(1)配置在絕緣基板10內，並且第一熱產生組件7(1)的發熱電極7a延伸至絕緣基板10的表面，該發熱電極7a耦接或電氣連接吸附電極7z，第一熱產生組件7(1)的發熱電極7b延伸至絕緣基板10的表面，該發熱電極7b耦接或電氣連接第三端電極31。其他有關結構與動作的相關說明與第二實施例之保護元件888a相似，請自行參閱，在此不再贅述。 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element 888b according to a third embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element 888b. The protection element 888b of this embodiment is similar to the protection element 888a of the second embodiment, the main difference between the two is that the first heat generating component 7(1) of the protection element 888b of this embodiment is disposed in the insulating substrate 10, and The heating electrode 7a of the first heat generating component 7(1) extends to the surface of the insulating substrate 10, the heating electrode 7a is coupled or electrically connected to the adsorption electrode 7z, and the heating electrode 7b of the first heat generating component 7(1) extends to the insulation On the surface of the substrate 10, the heating electrode 7b is coupled or electrically connected to the third terminal electrode 31. Other related descriptions of the structure and operation are similar to the protection element 888a of the second embodiment, please refer to it by yourself, and it will not be repeated here.

圖2B繪示為本發明第四實施例的一種保護元件888c的剖面示意圖。圖2C為本發明之保護元件888c的外觀示意圖。圖1A繪示為保護元件888c的等效電路圖。本實施例之保護元件888c與第二實施例的保護元件888a相似，兩者主要的差異是：本實施例之保護元件888c的絕緣外殼體基體19b具有多孔洞陶瓷結構6，保護元件888c的絕緣外殼體蓋體19a具有開口18，開口18可以是一個或多個(請參 考圖2B、2C)。絕緣外殼體19，其特徵是：絕緣外殼體基體19b，其主要成份是由陶瓷粉體所組成，藉由燒結的製程將之燒結成型，並在陶瓷顆粒之間產生間隙或孔洞。其中，該陶瓷材料包含碳化矽SiC、氧化鋁、氮化鋁、氮化矽Si3N4、石墨等其中任一者或其中的兩者以上的組合。絕緣外殼體蓋體19a的主成分為聚合物(polymer)，包含聚苯硫醚(Polyhenylenesulfide)。上述開口18或孔洞陶瓷結構，其技術特徵是：當保護元件888c的額定電壓值與額定電流值較高時(如：大於30A或50A或100A以上)，可熔導體8被熔斷的瞬間，氣體所產生的高壓，可經由絕緣外殼體19的多孔洞且互通的結構6或開口18較均勻地排洩出去。需特別說明的是，多孔洞陶瓷結構6或開口18可以配置在絕緣外殼體19六個面中的至少其中一面，也可以是任何其中一面的局部或部分的。絕緣外殼體基體19b的多孔洞陶瓷結構6(請參考圖2B)，也可以是局部或部分的，或者是，如本實施例中之絕緣外殼體基體19b全部都是多孔洞陶瓷結構6。當然，也可以將多孔洞陶瓷結構6與開口18對調實施，例如，絕緣外殼體基體19b具有開口18，絕緣外殼體蓋體19a具有多孔洞陶瓷結構6(請參考圖2D)。本實施例之開口18或多孔洞陶瓷結構6也可以適用於本發明之其他保護元件的結構中。其他有關結構與動作的相關說明與第一實施例之保護元件888相似，請自行參閱，在此不再贅述。 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a protection element 888c according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. 2C is a schematic view of the appearance of the protection element 888c of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the protection element 888c. The protection element 888c of this embodiment is similar to the protection element 888a of the second embodiment, the main difference between the two is that: the insulation outer shell base 19b of the protection element 888c of this embodiment has a porous ceramic structure 6, and the insulation of the protection element 888c The outer housing cover 19a has an opening 18, which may be one or more (please refer to FIGS. 2B and 2C). The insulating outer shell 19 is characterized by an insulating outer shell base 19b whose main component is composed of ceramic powder, which is sintered by a sintering process and creates gaps or holes between the ceramic particles. The ceramic material includes any one of silicon carbide SiC, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride Si3N4, graphite, or a combination of two or more thereof. The main component of the insulating housing cover 19a is a polymer and contains polyhenylenesulfide. The technical characteristics of the above opening 18 or hole ceramic structure are: when the rated voltage value and the rated current value of the protective element 888c are high (eg, greater than 30A or 50A or 100A or more), the instant the fusible conductor 8 is fused, the gas The generated high voltage can be discharged more uniformly through the porous hole of the insulating outer shell 19 and the interconnected structure 6 or the opening 18. It should be particularly noted that the porous ceramic structure 6 or the opening 18 may be arranged on at least one of the six faces of the insulating outer shell 19, or may be a part or part of any one of the faces. The porous ceramic structure 6 (see FIG. 2B) of the insulating housing base 19b may also be partial or partial, or, as in the present embodiment, the insulating housing base 19b is all porous ceramic structure 6. Of course, the porous ceramic structure 6 and the opening 18 can also be reversed, for example, the insulating outer shell base 19b has the opening 18, and the insulating outer shell cover 19a has the porous ceramic structure 6 (please refer to FIG. 2D). The opening 18 or the porous ceramic structure 6 of this embodiment can also be applied to the structure of other protection elements of the present invention. Other related descriptions of the structure and operation are similar to the protection element 888 of the first embodiment, please refer to it by yourself, and it will not be repeated here.

圖3繪示為本發明實施例的一種電池包588的電路圖。電池包588包括：電池元件4、充放電控制電路2、偵測控制電路5、開關電路以及上述之保護元件888或888a或888b或888c或 888d或888e或888f或888g。電池元件4具有四個電池元件4-1、4-2、4-3、4-4(但本發明不限於此)。充放電控制電路2負責控制充放電電流(Ic、Id)的開啟與關閉。開關電路S的初始狀態為斷路，可分別依據輸入信號，使開關電路S短路或導通。偵測控制電路5分別偵測電池元件4中每個電池元件4-1、4-2、4-3、4-4的電壓值或溫度值，並輸出信號給充放電控制電路2或開關電路S。保護元件888的端電極11、21串聯連接於電池元件4與充放電控制電路2之間，形成充放電路徑(即充電電流Ic與放電電流Id的路徑)。開關電路S的其中一端耦接到第三端電極31。本實施例的可充放電電池包588中的充放電控制電路2，可依據外接的是充電裝置1或電子裝置1以及偵測控制電路5所輸出的信號來開啟與關閉充放電的電流。當高於額定電流值的充電電流Ic流經可熔導體8或高於額定電流值的放電電流Id流經可熔導體8時，可熔導體8會熔斷，以斷開充電電流Ic或放電電流Id的路徑，以達到保護電池元件4或電池包588的過電流保護功能。另，當偵測控制電路5偵測到電池元件4-1、4-2、4-3、4-4中的任何一個發生異常(如：過充或過溫)時，則會送出信號給開關電路S，以將開關電路S切換至短路狀態或導通狀態，致使電流可流經第一發熱體7c或第一發熱體7c以及第二發熱體7c2。第一發熱體7c因通電發熱而熔斷可熔導體8或第一發熱體7c以及第二發熱體7c2同時通電發熱而熔斷可熔導體8，以斷開充電電流Ic與放電電流Id，達成可充放電電池包588的過充或過電壓或過溫保護的功能。 FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack 588 according to an embodiment of the invention. The battery pack 588 includes a battery element 4, a charge and discharge control circuit 2, a detection control circuit 5, a switching circuit, and the above-mentioned protection elements 888 or 888a or 888b or 888c or 888d or 888e or 888f or 888g. The battery element 4 has four battery elements 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 (but the invention is not limited thereto). The charge and discharge control circuit 2 is responsible for controlling the turn-on and turn-off of the charge and discharge currents (Ic, Id). The initial state of the switch circuit S is an open circuit, and the switch circuit S can be short-circuited or turned on according to the input signal, respectively. The detection control circuit 5 detects the voltage value or temperature value of each battery element 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 in the battery element 4, and outputs a signal to the charge and discharge control circuit 2 or the switch circuit S. The terminal electrodes 11 and 21 of the protection element 888 are connected in series between the battery element 4 and the charge and discharge control circuit 2 to form a charge and discharge path (that is, a path of the charge current I c and the discharge current I d ). One end of the switch circuit S is coupled to the third terminal electrode 31. The charging and discharging control circuit 2 in the rechargeable battery pack 588 of this embodiment can turn on and off the charging and discharging current according to the signals output from the charging device 1 or the electronic device 1 and the detection control circuit 5. When the charging current I c higher than the rated current value flows through the fusible conductor 8 or the discharge current I d higher than the rated current value flows through the fusible conductor 8, the fusible conductor 8 will fuse to disconnect the charging current I c Or the path of the discharge current I d to achieve the overcurrent protection function of protecting the battery element 4 or the battery pack 588. In addition, when the detection control circuit 5 detects that any of the battery elements 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 is abnormal (such as: overcharge or overtemperature), it will send a signal to The switching circuit S to switch the switching circuit S to a short-circuit state or a conducting state, so that a current can flow through the first heating body 7c or the first heating body 7c and the second heating body 7c2. The first heating element 7c melts the fusible conductor 8 due to energization and heating, or the first heating element 7c and the second heating element 7c2 are simultaneously energized and heat to melt the fusible conductor 8 to cut off the charging current I c and the discharging current I d to achieve Rechargeable battery pack 588 overcharge or overvoltage or overtemperature protection function.

雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，故本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準，凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所為之類似變化，均包含於本發明之專利範圍內。 Although the present invention has been disclosed as above by the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone who has ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined in the appended patent application, and any changes within the spirit of the patent application scope of the present invention and similar changes in the application of the specification and drawings of the present invention shall be included in the patent of the present invention. Within range.

888‧‧‧保護元件 888‧‧‧Protection element

7(1)‧‧‧第一熱產生組件 7(1)‧‧‧The first heat generating component

7a、7b‧‧‧發熱體電極 7a, 7b‧‧‧Heating body electrode

7c‧‧‧第一發熱體 7c‧‧‧First heating element

7z‧‧‧吸附電極 7z‧‧‧adsorption electrode

8‧‧‧可熔導體 8‧‧‧ Fusible conductor

9(1)、9(2)‧‧‧焊料或焊錫 9(1), 9(2) ‧‧‧ solder or solder

11‧‧‧第一端電極 11‧‧‧First electrode

21‧‧‧第二端電極 21‧‧‧Second terminal electrode

31‧‧‧第三端電極 31‧‧‧The third electrode

19‧‧‧絕緣外殼體 19‧‧‧Insulated shell

19a‧‧‧絕緣外殼體蓋體 19a‧‧‧Insulating shell cover

19b‧‧‧絕緣外殼體基體 19b‧‧‧Insulating shell substrate

S1‧‧‧彈性元件 S1‧‧‧Elastic element

Claims (11)

一種保護元件，包括：絕緣外殼體；多個端電極，包括第一端電極、第二端電極以及第三端電極，該些端電極分別貫穿該絕緣外殼體，且分別被該絕緣外殼體所支撐；彈性元件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該彈性元件的二端分別電氣連接該第一端電極與該第二端電極，用以在該保護元件的第一端電極與第二端電極之間提供第一雙向的電流路徑；可熔導體，配置在該絕緣外殼體內；以及第一熱產生組件，配置在該絕緣外殼體內，該可熔導體與該第一熱產生組件二者彼此電氣串聯於該第一雙向的電流路徑與該第三端電極之間，當流經該彈性元件的電流高於額定電流值時，該彈性元件會發熱以讓該彈性元件的一端通過該彈性元件的彈性脫離該第二端電極，致使該彈性元件與該第二端電極之間呈現開路狀態。 A protection element includes: an insulating outer shell; a plurality of terminal electrodes, including a first terminal electrode, a second terminal electrode, and a third terminal electrode, the terminal electrodes respectively penetrate the insulating shell, and are respectively covered by the insulating shell Support; the elastic element is arranged in the insulating housing, the two ends of the elastic element are electrically connected to the first end electrode and the second end electrode respectively, for the first end electrode and the second end electrode of the protection element Provides a first bidirectional current path; a fusible conductor arranged in the insulating housing; and a first heat generating component arranged in the insulating housing, the fusible conductor and the first heat generating component are electrically connected in series with each other Between the first bidirectional current path and the third terminal electrode, when the current flowing through the elastic element is higher than the rated current value, the elastic element will heat to allow one end of the elastic element to pass through the elasticity of the elastic element Disengagement from the second terminal electrode causes an open circuit between the elastic element and the second terminal electrode. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，還包括第一焊料，該第一焊料將該彈性元件的第一端固定在該第二端電極上或該第一端電極上。 The protection element as described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes a first solder, which fixes the first end of the elastic element to the second end electrode or the first end electrode. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的保護元件，其中，該第一焊料與該可熔導體具有相同的熔點或液化點，或者是，具有不相同的熔點或液化點。 The protection element according to item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the first solder and the fusible conductor have the same melting point or liquefaction point, or have different melting points or liquefaction points. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的保護元件，其中，該第一焊料的體積小於該可熔導體的體積。 The protection element according to item 3 of the patent application scope, wherein the volume of the first solder is smaller than the volume of the fusible conductor. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，其中，該第一熱產生組件包含二發熱體電極以及第一發熱體，且該二發熱體電極與該第一發熱體形成三明治的結構。 The protection element as described in item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the first heat generating component includes two heating element electrodes and a first heating element, and the two heating element electrodes and the first heating element form a sandwich structure. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，還包含絕緣基板，其中，該第一熱產生組件配置在該絕緣基板上或該絕緣基板內。 The protection element as described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes an insulating substrate, wherein the first heat generating component is disposed on or in the insulating substrate. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，還包含吸附電極，該吸附電極配置於該可熔導體與該第一熱產生組件之間，並且耦接或電氣連接該可熔導體與該第一熱產生組件。 The protection element as described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes an adsorption electrode disposed between the fusible conductor and the first heat-generating component, and coupling or electrically connecting the fusible conductor and the first A heat generating component. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中的任一項所述的保護元件，其中，該絕緣外殼體包含至少一開口或多孔洞的陶瓷結構。 The protection element according to any one of the items 1 to 7 of the patent application range, wherein the insulating outer shell comprises at least one opening or porous ceramic structure. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，其中，該可熔導體的其中一端電氣連接該第一端電極或該第二端電極，該可熔導體的另一端電氣連接該第一熱產生組件。 The protection element according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein one end of the fusible conductor is electrically connected to the first terminal electrode or the second terminal electrode, and the other end of the fusible conductor is electrically connected to the first heat generation Components. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的保護元件，其中，該第一熱產生組件的其中一端電氣連接該第一端電極或該第二端電極，該第一熱產生組件的另一端電氣連接該可熔導體。 The protection element according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein one end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the first terminal electrode or the second terminal electrode, and the other end of the first heat generating component is electrically connected to the Fusible conductor. 一種電池包，包括：至少一電池元件；如申請專利範圍第1項至第10項中任一項所述的保護元件，其中該保護元件與該至少一電池元件串聯連接以形成至少一充放電電流路徑；開關電路，耦接到該地三端電極；以及偵測控制電路，用以偵測該至少一電池元件的電壓或溫度，依據所偵測到的電壓或溫度而決定該開關電路的狀態。 A battery pack, comprising: at least one battery element; the protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the protection element is connected in series with the at least one battery element to form at least one charge and discharge A current path; a switching circuit coupled to the ground three-terminal electrode; and a detection control circuit for detecting the voltage or temperature of the at least one battery element, and determining the switching circuit according to the detected voltage or temperature status.
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CN103489730A (en) * 2012-06-12 2014-01-01 株式会社村田制作所 Fuse
CN105474346A (en) * 2013-08-21 2016-04-06 迪睿合电子材料有限公司 Protective element

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