TWI689687B - Methods of handling incinerated fly ash and other waste - Google Patents
Methods of handling incinerated fly ash and other waste Download PDFInfo
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- TWI689687B TWI689687B TW107101463A TW107101463A TWI689687B TW I689687 B TWI689687 B TW I689687B TW 107101463 A TW107101463 A TW 107101463A TW 107101463 A TW107101463 A TW 107101463A TW I689687 B TWI689687 B TW I689687B
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- fly ash
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UMVPOPGPVLNLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[F].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical group [Ca+2].[F].[Cl-].[Cl-] UMVPOPGPVLNLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTAZYNKIJHHMCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,3,5-trichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 QTAZYNKIJHHMCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000770 Toxic Equivalency Factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003181 co-melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMPKMCDVBZFQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[K+].[Fe+3] UMPKMCDVBZFQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，其係以至少一添加物與一廢棄物於800～1100℃之溫度下進行熔融反應，以獲得一熔融產物；其中，其特徵在於：該添加物係為含鐵化合物、氟化鈣、含有氟化鈣之物質、氧化鈣、鈣化合物、玻璃或鹼金屬化合物。The method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention uses at least one additive and a waste to undergo a melting reaction at a temperature of 800-1100° C. to obtain a molten product; wherein, it is characterized by: The additive is an iron-containing compound, calcium fluoride, a substance containing calcium fluoride, calcium oxide, a calcium compound, glass, or an alkali metal compound.
Description
本發明係有關於一種廢棄物處理再利用之方法，特別係指一種處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法。The present invention relates to a method for treating and reusing waste, in particular to a method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes.
按，台灣都市垃圾處理方式係大多以焚化方式為主，而垃圾焚化處理後會產生底渣與飛灰，其中，底渣產生量約為垃圾焚化處理量之15～20％，飛灰產生量約為垃圾焚化處理量之3～8％。而目前底渣已有再利用技術得加以處理，但是飛灰則需要靠著固化掩埋法來處理。According to the fact, most of the urban waste disposal methods in Taiwan are mainly incineration, and bottom slag and fly ash will be generated after waste incineration. Among them, the amount of bottom slag is about 15-20% of the amount of waste incineration. About 3-8% of the amount of garbage incinerated. At present, the bottom slag has been treated by re-use technology, but the fly ash needs to be treated by solidification and burial method.
依據台灣2016年環保署統計，國內每年大型焚化爐產生約29.6萬噸之飛灰，該些飛灰中戴奧辛含量雖然未超出法規標準（＜1.0 ng I-TEQ/g），但是仍含有超出環保法規標準（TCLP，重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序）之有害物質，如鉛、鎘等重金屬，因此各焚化廠必須要透過添加化學藥劑、水泥等固化劑使飛灰固化，再加以掩埋。惟，固化後之飛灰體積及重量增加，不僅運送成本增加，更造成掩埋場空間嚴重不足，並且，即使飛灰固化後，長期在掩埋場中，仍有可能會釋放出重金屬而污染土壤及地下水。According to Taiwan's 2016 Environmental Protection Agency statistics, domestic large-scale incinerators produce about 296,000 tons of fly ash each year. Although the content of dioxin in these fly ash does not exceed the regulatory standards (<1.0 ng I-TEQ/g), it still contains more than environmental protection The hazardous substances such as lead and cadmium are hazardous substances in the regulations and standards (TCLP, the toxic characteristic dissolution procedure of heavy metals), so each incineration plant must solidify the fly ash by adding chemical agents, cement and other curing agents, and then bury them. However, the increase in volume and weight of the fly ash after solidification not only increases the transportation cost, but also causes a serious shortage of landfill space. Even after the fly ash is solidified, it may still release heavy metals in the landfill for a long time and contaminate the soil and groundwater.
為解決飛灰處理之問題，有台灣的縣市地方政府規劃高溫熔融法來處理飛灰，使飛灰經熔融後能夠成為無害環境之物質，但是，該高溫熔融法之操作溫度係須為1300℃以上，以致於硬體設備及操作成本過高，無法實際運行。In order to solve the problem of fly ash treatment, some county and city local governments in Taiwan have planned high-temperature melting method to process fly ash, so that the fly ash can become an environmentally friendly substance after melting, but the operating temperature of the high-temperature melting method must be 1300 Above ℃, the cost of hardware equipment and operation is too high to be practical.
本發明之主要目的係在於提供一種處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，其係能夠以800～1100℃之熔融溫度處理廢棄物，以大幅降低處理廢棄物之成本。The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes, which can process wastes at a melting temperature of 800 to 1100°C, so as to greatly reduce the cost of processing wastes.
本發明之另一目的係在於提供一種處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，其係能夠穩定產出無害環境、可回收再利用之固狀終產物，不僅能夠減少後續處理所需之空間，亦能避免對於環境造成二次污染。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes, which is capable of stably producing environmentally sound, recyclable solid end products, which not only reduces the space required for subsequent processing, It can also avoid secondary pollution to the environment.
緣是，為能達成上述目的，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，其係以至少一添加物與一廢棄物於800～1100℃之溫度下進行熔融反應，以獲得一熔融產物；其中，其特徵在於：該添加物係為含鐵化合物、氟化鈣、含有氟化鈣之物質、氧化鈣、鈣化合物、玻璃或鹼金屬化合物。The reason is that in order to achieve the above purpose, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention is to melt the reaction of at least one additive and a waste at a temperature of 800-1100°C to obtain a Molten product; wherein, it is characterized in that the additive is an iron-containing compound, calcium fluoride, a substance containing calcium fluoride, calcium oxide, calcium compound, glass or alkali metal compound.
更進一步來說，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係包含下列步驟：Furthermore, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention includes the following steps:
步驟a：取一廢棄物，其中，該廢棄物係包含有氯化鈣；Step a: Take a waste, where the waste contains calcium chloride;
步驟b：取至少一添加物，與該廢棄物以一預定比例進行混合，形成一混合物；Step b: Take at least one additive and mix it with the waste in a predetermined ratio to form a mixture;
步驟c：將該混合物於800～1100℃之溫度下進行熔融反應；Step c: The mixture is subjected to melting reaction at a temperature of 800-1100°C;
步驟d：獲得一熔融產物。Step d: Obtain a molten product.
為能使該步驟d之該熔融產物形成類似石頭、碎石礫或礦物之固體，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法更包含一步驟c1，其係設於該步驟c與該步驟d之間，用於冷卻該步驟c產出之產物。In order to enable the molten product in step d to form a solid similar to stone, gravel or mineral, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention further includes a step c1, which is provided in step c and Between step d, it is used to cool the product produced in step c.
於本發明之實施例中，該廢棄物係為焚化飛灰或電鍍污泥。In the embodiment of the present invention, the waste is incinerated fly ash or electroplated sludge.
而依據該廢棄物之組成成份及該添加物之組成成份不同，該熔融產物亦會隨之改變，例如氟氯化钙、氟化鈣、氯化鈣或/以及其他成份。 Depending on the composition of the waste and the composition of the additive, the molten product will change accordingly, such as calcium fluoride, calcium fluoride, calcium chloride, and/or other ingredients.
根據該混合物之量不同，於該步驟c中進行熔融反應之時間亦會有所不同，一般來說，所需反應時間約為5~60分鐘，又以反應時間為10分鐘內為佳。 Depending on the amount of the mixture, the melting reaction time in step c will also be different. Generally speaking, the required reaction time is about 5 to 60 minutes, and the reaction time is preferably within 10 minutes.
為使本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法所需熔融溫度為800~1100℃，該廢棄物與該添加物係須以一預定比例混合，並且，熔融溫度係與添加物組成、添加物與該廢棄物相關。舉例來說，當該廢棄物為焚化飛灰時，該廢棄物與該添加物之比例約為1：5.67~1：0.4。 In order to make the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention require a melting temperature of 800-1100°C, the waste and the additive system must be mixed in a predetermined ratio, and the melting temperature is composed of the additive 3. The additives are related to the waste. For example, when the waste is incinerated fly ash, the ratio of the waste to the additive is about 1:5.67~1:0.4.
較佳地，當該廢棄物為焚化飛灰，且該添加物為含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物與該添加物之比例為1：2.3~1：0.4，。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash and the additive is a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1:2.3~1:0.4.
較佳地，當該廢棄物為焚化飛灰，且該添加物為氟化鈣時，該廢棄物與該添加物之比例為1：1.5~1：0.4。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash and the additive is calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1:1.5~1:0.4.
較佳地，當該廢棄物為焚化飛灰，且該添加物包含有玻璃及含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物、含有氟化鈣之物質及玻璃之比例為1：1：2~1：1：0.2。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash, and the additive contains glass and a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and glass is 1:1:2~ 1:1:0.2.
較佳地，當該廢棄物為焚化飛灰，且該添加物包含有氧化鈣及含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物、含有氟化鈣之物質及氧化鈣之比例為1：2.4：0.6~1：1.7：0.6。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash, and the additive contains calcium oxide and a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and calcium oxide is 1:2.4: 0.6~1: 1.7: 0.6.
較佳地，當該添加物包含有玻璃、鐵渣及鈣化合物時，該廢棄物、鈣化合物、玻璃及鐵渣之重量比例為1：1：3.33：1.33~1：1：1.33：3.33，熔融溫度約為800~850℃。具體來說，鐵渣係源自高鐵酸鉀合成者。 Preferably, when the additive contains glass, iron slag and calcium compound, the weight ratio of the waste, calcium compound, glass and iron slag is 1:1:3.33:1.33~1:1:1.33:3.33, The melting temperature is about 800~850℃. Specifically, the iron slag system is derived from potassium ferrate synthesizers.
又，於本發明之另一實施例中，更包含一步驟c1，介於該步驟c及該步驟d之間；其中：步驟c1：將該步驟c之產物塑形為一預定形狀。Moreover, in another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a step c1 between the step c and the step d; wherein: step c1: shaping the product of the step c into a predetermined shape.
本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，係透過將焚化飛灰與至少一添加物以一預定比例混合後，能於約800～1100℃之溫度下進行熔融反應，得到固體狀之熔融產物，而該熔融產物係能夠被回收再利用，達到有效減少污染之功效。The method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed by the present invention is to mix the incinerated fly ash with at least one additive in a predetermined ratio, and perform a melting reaction at a temperature of about 800 to 1100°C to obtain a solid state Molten product, and the molten product can be recovered and reused to achieve the effect of effectively reducing pollution.
其中，本發明所謂焚化飛灰，其係垃圾經由焚化處理後之廢棄物，而根據過去文獻指出，焚化飛灰之組成主要包含有如氯化鈣、氧化鈣、氫氧化鈣等氯化物，以及如鹼金屬或鹼土金屬之其他化合物。Among them, the so-called incinerated fly ash in the present invention is the waste after incineration of waste. According to past literature, the composition of incinerated fly ash mainly includes chlorides such as calcium chloride, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and Other compounds of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.
於本發明之一實施例中所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係包含有下列步驟：The method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
步驟a：取一焚化飛灰。Step a: Take an incinerated fly ash.
步驟b：取至少一添加劑，與該焚化飛灰以0.4：1～3：1之比例混合，形成一飛灰混合物。Step b: Take at least one additive and mix with the incinerated fly ash in a ratio of 0.4:1 to 3:1 to form a fly ash mixture.
當該添加物為含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物與該添加物之比例為1：2.3～1：0.4；When the additive is a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1:2.3 to 1:0.4;
當該添加物為氟化鈣時，該廢棄物與該添加物之比例為1：1.5～1：0.4；When the additive is calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1:1.5 to 1:0.4;
當該添加物包含有玻璃及含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物、含有氟化鈣之物質及玻璃之比例為1：1：2～1：1：0.2；When the additive contains glass and a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and the glass is 1:1:2 to 1:1:0.2;
當該添加物包含有氧化鈣及含有氟化鈣之物質時，該廢棄物、含有氟化鈣之物質及氧化鈣之比例為1：2.4：0.6～1：1.7：0.6。When the additive contains calcium oxide and a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and calcium oxide is 1:2.4:0.6 to 1:1.7:0.6.
步驟c：將該飛灰混合物進行熔融處理，熔融操作溫度為800～1100℃，處理時間約為5～60分鐘。Step c: The fly ash mixture is melted, the melting operation temperature is 800 to 1100°C, and the treatment time is about 5 to 60 minutes.
步驟d：冷卻該步驟c所產出之產物。Step d: cooling the product produced in step c.
步驟e：獲得一熔融產物。Step e: Obtain a molten product.
藉由上述步驟，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係能將含有重金屬或有害物質之廢棄物，如焚化飛灰、電鍍污泥等物質，與至少一添加物混合，於溫度1000～1100℃下進行低溫共熔反應，產出符合環保法規且無害環境之該熔融產物。具體來說，降溫後之該熔融產物係為固體狀物質，如第一圖所示，可以直接掩埋處理或是回收再利用。Through the above steps, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention can mix wastes containing heavy metals or harmful substances, such as incinerated fly ash, electroplated sludge, etc., with at least one additive. The low-temperature eutectic reaction is carried out at a temperature of 1000 to 1100°C to produce the molten product that meets environmental protection regulations and is environmentally friendly. Specifically, the molten product after cooling is a solid substance, as shown in the first figure, it can be directly buried or recycled.
更進一步來說，於本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法中，步驟b係得藉由本發明所屬技術領域且具通常知識者所周知之方式進行混合，例如旋轉混合、攪拌混合，或是藉由機器輔助達到均勻混合之功效，例如旋轉窑、螺旋混合機、可上下翻滾之容器等。Furthermore, in the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention, step b is mixing by a method well known to those skilled in the art of the present invention, such as rotary mixing and stirring mixing , Or to achieve the effect of uniform mixing through the assistance of machines, such as rotary kilns, spiral mixers, containers that can be rolled up and down, etc.
步驟c之熔融反應係得於一熔融爐內進行，該熔融爐之能源來自於電力、生質燃料、石化燃料（fossil fuel, 又可稱為化石燃料）、可燃性廢棄物等。而進行熔融反應之方式得視該飛灰混合物之量採取連續式進出料反應或是批次熔融。The melting reaction in step c is carried out in a melting furnace. The energy of the melting furnace comes from electricity, biomass fuel, fossil fuel (also called fossil fuel), combustible waste, etc. The way of carrying out the melting reaction depends on the amount of the fly ash mixture by adopting continuous feeding and discharging reaction or batch melting.
而於本發明之另一實施例中，其步驟大致相同於上述實施例，不同者在於，該焚化飛灰係與包含有鈣泥、玻璃及鐵渣之添加物混合為飛灰混合物，其中，鈣泥係得為含氟化鈣之污泥；焚化飛灰、鈣泥、玻璃與鐵渣重量比約為1：1：3.33：1.33～1：1：1.33：3.33，而該飛灰混合物係於溫度約為800～850℃下係能進行熔融反應，並經降溫冷卻後，能夠形成堅硬極難溶之固體熔融產物。In another embodiment of the present invention, the steps are substantially the same as the above embodiments, the difference is that the incinerated fly ash is mixed with additives containing calcium mud, glass and iron slag to form a fly ash mixture, wherein, The calcium sludge is obtained as a sludge containing calcium fluoride; the weight ratio of incinerated fly ash, calcium sludge, glass and iron slag is about 1:1:3.33:1.33 to 1:1:1.33:3.33, and the fly ash mixture is It can carry out melting reaction at a temperature of about 800-850°C, and after cooling down, it can form a hard and extremely insoluble solid molten product.
而本發明所屬技術領域且具通常知識者，係可根據本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法分別選用適合之設備或是設計出適合之設備，舉例來說，可將如旋轉窑之攪拌設備及熔融爐組裝成為單一機台，達到自動化且連續式處理廢棄物之功效。Those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can select suitable equipment or design suitable equipment according to the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention. The mixing equipment and melting furnace of the kiln are assembled into a single machine to achieve the effect of automatic and continuous waste disposal.
此外，於步驟c之熔融反應時，會產出揮發性產物及極少量之二次飛灰，而該二次飛灰係能再次透過習知空氣污染防治用之捕捉裝置收集，得作為下次熔融反應之廢棄物來源，不過，根據實際操作本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，僅有2～8%之原料會揮發或是形成二次飛灰，換言之，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係能夠處理高於92％以上之廢棄物，意即本發明所揭方法係能達到廢棄物減量之效果In addition, during the melting reaction in step c, volatile products and a very small amount of secondary fly ash will be produced, and the secondary fly ash can be collected again by a conventional air pollution control catching device, which can be used as the next time The source of waste from the melting reaction. However, according to the actual operation of the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention, only 2 to 8% of the raw materials will volatilize or form secondary fly ash. In other words, the present invention The method of uncovering incinerated fly ash and other wastes can handle more than 92% of the waste, which means that the method disclosed in the present invention can achieve the effect of waste reduction
於步驟d中，係得採取本發明所屬技術領域且具通常知識周知技術進行冷卻，例如暴露於大氣中自然冷卻、水萃加速或強制送風冷卻或置於熔融爐中自然降溫。In step d, it is necessary to adopt the technical field of the present invention and have common knowledge and well-known techniques for cooling, such as natural cooling by exposure to the atmosphere, accelerated water extraction or forced air cooling or natural cooling by placing in a melting furnace.
又，於本發明之另一實施例所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法，其步驟係大致如同上述實施例，惟，不同者在於，更包含一步驟c1，介於該步驟c及該步驟d之間；其中：In addition, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention is roughly the same as the above embodiment, but the difference is that it further includes a step c1, which is between step c and Between step d; where:
步驟c1：將該步驟c之產物塑形為一預定形狀。Step c1: shaping the product of step c into a predetermined shape.
舉例來說，該步驟c1係能藉由造粒機構將來自該步驟c之產物製成為顆粒。For example, in step c1, the product from step c can be made into granules by a granulation mechanism.
以下，為能驗證本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法之功效，係搭配圖表做更進一步說明如后。In the following, in order to verify the effectiveness of the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention, it will be further explained with a chart as follows.
實例一：不同配比飛灰混合物之熔融操作溫度Example 1: Melting operation temperature of fly ash mixture with different proportions
依據下表一所列配比進行熔融試驗，得到不同配比之飛灰混合物之可熔融溫度係分別如下表一所示。The melting test is carried out according to the ratios listed in Table 1 below, and the melting temperatures of the fly ash mixtures with different ratios are shown in Table 1 below.
表一：以不同組成之飛灰混合物進行熔融反應之結果
由上表一之結果可知，當焚化飛灰與添加物以1：3～1：0.4之重量比例混合時，係能夠有效降低熔融操作溫度至1000～1100℃，並且，當添加物中包含具有氟化鈣之物質與玻璃時，係能夠使熔融溫度較未包含玻璃時低，其中，又以焚化飛灰、具有氟化鈣之物質及玻璃之混合比例為1：1：0.86～1：1：1.33者為佳。It can be seen from the results in Table 1 above that when the incinerated fly ash and the additive are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 1:0.4, the melting operation temperature can be effectively reduced to 1000 to 1100°C, and when the additive contains The material of calcium fluoride and glass can make the melting temperature lower than that without glass, and the mixing ratio of incinerated fly ash, material with calcium fluoride and glass is 1:1:0.86～1:1 : 1.33 is better.
實例二：檢測不同來源飛灰組合物之熔融溫度Example 2: Detecting the melting temperature of fly ash compositions from different sources
由於不同來源之飛灰係具有不同組成，為能確認本發明所揭方法對於不同來源之飛灰皆有降低熔融操作溫度之功效，係分別取來自后里、文山、新店焚化廠之飛灰與鈣泥及/或玻璃及/或鐵渣進行於一預定溫度下燒結10分鐘，分別測得不同來源飛灰組合物之熔融操作溫度如下表二至表四所示。Since the fly ash from different sources has different compositions, in order to confirm that the disclosed method has the effect of lowering the melting operation temperature for the fly ash from different sources, the fly ash from Houli, Wenshan and Xindian incineration plants and The calcium mud and/or glass and/or iron slag were sintered at a predetermined temperature for 10 minutes, and the melting operation temperature of the fly ash composition from different sources was measured as shown in Tables 2 to 4 below.
表二：后里飛灰組合物之熔融操作溫度
表三：文山飛灰組合物之熔融操作溫度
表四：新店飛灰組合物之熔融操作溫度
由上表二至表四可知，不同來源之飛灰與含有鈣泥之添加物混合後，係能夠有效地降低其熔點，並且，當添加物中含有鐵渣時，飛灰混合物之熔融操作溫度係能夠被大幅降低至約800℃，意即當飛灰與添加物之重量比例為1：5.67，並該混合物中含有鐵渣，飛灰、鈣泥、玻璃與鐵渣重量比約為1：1：3.33：1.33～1：1：1.33：3.33時，飛灰混合物之熔融操作溫度係會被降低至1000℃以下。It can be seen from Tables 2 to 4 above that after mixing fly ash from different sources with additives containing calcium mud, it can effectively lower its melting point, and when the additive contains iron slag, the melting operating temperature of the fly ash mixture The system can be greatly reduced to about 800 ℃, which means that when the weight ratio of fly ash to additives is 1: 5.67, and the mixture contains iron slag, the weight ratio of fly ash, calcium mud, glass and iron slag is about 1: When 1:3.33:1.33 to 1:1:1.33:3.33, the melting operation temperature of the fly ash mixture will be reduced to below 1000°C.
由此可知，藉由本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法處理不同來源之飛灰皆能有效降低其熔融操作溫度，以達到降低處理廢棄物成本之功效。It can be seen that, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention can effectively reduce the melting operation temperature of fly ash from different sources to reduce the cost of waste treatment.
實例三：分析熔融後產物之結構Example 3: Analysis of the structure of the product after melting
取后里飛灰分別與添加物依據下表五之重量比例配置為飛灰組合物，並以其熔融操作溫度進熔融反應後，再分別以電子顯微鏡觀察其結構，結果如第二至五圖所示。After taking, the fly ash and the additives are respectively configured as a fly ash composition according to the weight ratio of Table 5 below, and after the melting reaction at the melting operation temperature, the structure is observed with an electron microscope. The results are shown in Figures 2 to 5. As shown.
表五：飛灰組合物之組成及熔融操作溫度
由第二至五圖之結果可知熔融產物係為固體狀，並且結構非為鬆散之粉末，由此可知，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係能夠使飛灰混合物以低耗能之方式轉變為固體產物，不僅能夠降低飛灰對於環境之污染，更能有效減少廢棄物之體積。From the results of the second to fifth figures, it can be seen that the molten product is solid and the structure is not loose powder. It can be seen that the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention can make the fly ash mixture low The conversion of energy consumption into solid products can not only reduce the pollution of fly ash to the environment, but also effectively reduce the volume of waste.
實例四：檢測熔融產物之毒性Example 4: Testing the toxicity of molten products
分別依據表二至表四中編號H-1～H-3、H-11、H-12、S-1～S-3、W-1～W-2之配比製備飛灰混合物後，並分別以之熔融操作溫度進行熔融反應約10分鐘，再分別將各飛灰混合物之熔融產物進行以重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序（TCLP）方法進行分析。將各該熔融產物所得到之重金屬濃度與目前我國法規所規定之標準值相比，結果如第六圖至第九圖所示，其中，我國環保法規規定廢棄物中重金屬標準如下：銅為15 mg/L；鉛為5 mg/L；鎘為1 mg/L；鉻為5 mg/L；鋇為100 mg/L；砷為5 mg/L；汞為0.2 mg/L；鋅、鎳無規範。After preparing the fly ash mixture according to the ratios of the numbers H-1 to H-3, H-11, H-12, S-1 to S-3, and W-1 to W-2 in Tables 2 to 4, respectively, and The melting reaction temperature was used to carry out the melting reaction for about 10 minutes, and then the molten products of each fly ash mixture were separately analyzed by the TCLP method. Comparing the concentration of heavy metals obtained from each of the molten products with the current standard values stipulated by China’s laws and regulations, the results are shown in Figures 6 to 9 of which the China’s environmental regulations stipulate the standards for heavy metals in waste as follows: copper is 15 mg/L; lead 5 mg/L;
由第六圖至第九圖之結果可知，不同配比之飛灰混合物經由熔融反應於低溫下所產生之熔融產物中重金屬之含量係皆低於台灣環保法規之標準。由上述結果可知，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法確實能於低溫環境下於短時間內進行熔融反應，以化學轉化、礦化或無害化廢棄物中重金屬，並除去有機汙染物，產出符合環保法規（TCIP標準）之熔融產物，進而能夠供資源回收再利用，例如取代砂石。From the results of Figures 6 to 9, it can be seen that the content of heavy metals in the molten product of the fly ash mixtures with different ratios generated by melting reaction at low temperature are lower than the standards of Taiwan environmental protection regulations. From the above results, it can be seen that the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention can indeed perform a melting reaction in a short time under a low temperature environment to chemically convert, mineralize or harmless heavy metals in the waste and remove organic Pollutants produce molten products that comply with environmental protection regulations (TCIP standards), which can then be used for resource recovery and reuse, such as replacing sand and gravel.
綜上所述，本發明所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法係能夠於800～1100℃之熔融操作溫度下進行共熔及環熔反應，產出無害環境之熔融產物，因而具有以下優點：In summary, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes disclosed in the present invention is capable of co-melting and ring-melting reactions at a melting operating temperature of 800 to 1100°C to produce environmentally friendly molten products, and therefore has the following advantage:
其一、能夠大幅降低熔融溫度，以節省處理廢棄物所需之能源及成本。First, it can greatly reduce the melting temperature to save the energy and cost required for waste disposal.
其二、降低能源使用，可減少溫室氣體排放量。Second, reducing energy use can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
其三、熔融產物之體積小且具取代砂石再利用性，不僅能夠減少或去除掩埋成本，亦可創造經濟效益。Third, the volume of the molten product is small and has the ability to replace sand and gravel, which can not only reduce or remove the cost of burial, but also create economic benefits.
其四、熔融產物不具環境污染性，不會造成環境之二次污染。Fourth, the molten product is not environmentally polluting and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment.
無no
第一圖係為依據本發明之一實施例所揭處理焚化飛灰及其他廢棄物之方法得到之熔融產物。 第二圖A係為表二中編號1之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為100X。 第二圖B係為表二中編號1之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為10000X。 第三圖A係為表二中編號2之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為1000X。 第三圖B係為表二中編號2之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為10000X。 第四圖A係為表二中編號3之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為50X。 第四圖B係為表二中編號3之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為10000X。 第五圖A係為表二中編號4之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為50X。 第五圖B係為表二中編號4之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為100X。 第五圖C係為表二中編號4之熔融產物以電子顯微鏡觀察之結果，倍率為10000X。 第六圖係為編號H-1~H-3之熔融產物以重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序方法進行分析之結果。 第七圖係為編號W-1及W-2之熔融產物以重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序方法進行分析之結果。 第八圖係為編號S-1~S-3之熔融產物以重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序方法進行分析之結果。 第九圖係為編號H-11~H-12之熔融產物以重金屬之毒性特性溶出程序方法進行分析之結果。The first figure is the molten product obtained by the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes according to an embodiment of the present invention. The second graph A is the result of observing the molten product No. 1 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 100X. The second graph B is the observation result of the molten product No. 1 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 10000X. The third graph A is the result of observing the molten product No. 2 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 1000X. The third graph B is the result of observing the molten product No. 2 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 10000X. The fourth graph A is the result of observing the molten product No. 3 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 50X. The fourth graph B is the result of observing the molten product No. 3 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 10000X. The fifth graph A is the result of observing the molten product No. 4 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 50X. The fifth graph B is the result of observing the molten product No. 4 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 100X. The fifth graph C is the result of observing the molten product No. 4 in Table 2 with an electron microscope, and the magnification is 10000X. The sixth figure is the result of analyzing the molten products with the numbers H-1~H-3 by the toxic characteristic dissolution procedure of heavy metals. The seventh figure is the result of analyzing the molten products with the numbers W-1 and W-2 by the toxic characteristic dissolution procedure of heavy metals. The eighth figure is the result of analyzing the molten products with the numbers S-1~S-3 by the toxic characteristic dissolution procedure of heavy metals. The ninth figure is the result of analyzing the molten products with the numbers H-11~H-12 by the toxic characteristic dissolution process method of heavy metals.
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| KR20140107827A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-05 | 권동욱 | Improvement Technology of Stoker type Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Facility using Low-Temperature Vitrification Process |
| CN206094103U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-04-12 | 广东省环境科学研究院 | Compound plasma melting furnace of waste incineration fly ash |
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| JPH11116301A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-27 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Production of artificial lightweight aggregate |
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| JP2003080202A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-18 | Bogenpfeil:Kk | Method for manufacturing material for civil work and environment-construction |
| JP2006263635A (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Inorganic solidified body with hig specific surface area ratio and method for producing the same |
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| KR20140107827A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-05 | 권동욱 | Improvement Technology of Stoker type Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Facility using Low-Temperature Vitrification Process |
| CN206094103U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-04-12 | 广东省环境科学研究院 | Compound plasma melting furnace of waste incineration fly ash |
| CN106765145A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | The melting method of flying dust and the flying dust composition for melting |
| CN106918045A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-07-04 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Melting plant for processing flying dust |
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