TWI678063B - Constant on-time controller and buck converter using the same - Google Patents
Constant on-time controller and buck converter using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種用於控制降壓調節器的關閉期間與開啟期間的恆定開啟期間控制器,其包括比較器、開啟定時器、參考電壓控制器與開關切換裝置。比較器用以比較基於降壓調節器之輸出電壓產生的回授電壓與參考電壓,以產生用於終止關閉期間的終止關閉信號。開啟定時器根據降壓調節器之輸入電壓與輸出電壓,決定該開啟期間,並據此產生用於終止開啟期間的終止開啟信號。參考電壓控制器電性連接比較器,根據回授電壓與預定電壓產生參考電壓。開關切換裝置電性連接參考電壓控制器,於關閉期間的開始,瞬間下拉參考電壓至降壓調節器之電子開關裝置的節點電壓。 A constant on-period controller for controlling the off-period and on-period of a buck regulator includes a comparator, an on-timer, a reference voltage controller, and a switching device. The comparator is used to compare the feedback voltage generated based on the output voltage of the buck regulator with a reference voltage to generate a termination shutdown signal for termination shutdown. The start-up timer determines the start-up period according to the input voltage and output voltage of the buck regulator, and generates a stop-on signal for terminating the start-up period accordingly. The reference voltage controller is electrically connected to the comparator, and generates a reference voltage according to the feedback voltage and a predetermined voltage. The switching device is electrically connected to the reference voltage controller. At the beginning of the off period, the reference voltage is pulled down to the node voltage of the electronic switching device of the buck regulator.
Description
本發明有關於一種降壓轉換器(buck converter)的控制器,且特別是一種恆定開啟期間控制器(constant on-time controller)與使用此恆定開啟期間控制器的降壓轉換器。 The present invention relates to a controller for a buck converter, and more particularly to a constant on-time controller and a buck converter using the constant on-time controller.
開啟期間控制器可以用來控制降壓調節器的開啟期間與關閉期間。於降壓調節器被開啟時(即,於開啟期間),透過降壓調節器的電子開關裝置(例如,開關電晶體)的開啟,輸入電壓會對降壓調節器的儲能電感進行充電儲能,且於降壓調節器的輸出端產生相關於輸入電壓的輸出電壓。於降壓調節器被關閉時(即,於關閉期間),由於降壓調節器的電子開關裝置關閉,輸入電壓與降壓調節器的儲能電感及輸出端隔離,故降壓調節器的儲能電感會將其儲存的電能往降壓調節器的輸出端傳送,以提供降壓調節器的輸出電壓。 The on-time controller can be used to control the on-time and off-time of the buck regulator. When the step-down regulator is turned on (ie, during the on period), the input voltage will charge and store the energy storage inductor of the step-down regulator through the opening of the electronic switching device (for example, a switching transistor) of the step-down regulator. Yes, and an output voltage related to the input voltage is generated at the output of the buck regulator. When the step-down regulator is turned off (ie, during the shutdown period), because the electronic switching device of the step-down regulator is turned off, the input voltage is isolated from the energy storage inductor and output of the step-down regulator. The energy inductor transmits the stored energy to the output of the buck regulator to provide the output voltage of the buck regulator.
現有的其中一種開啟期間控制器為恆定開啟期間控制器,其用來提供一個恆定開啟期間。當降壓調節器的輸出電壓低於參考電壓時,恆定開啟期間控制器降壓調節器進入開啟期間,亦即,結束降壓調節器的關閉期間。接著,降壓調節器持續開啟一段恆定開啟期間後,便會進入關閉期間。恆定開啟期間控 制器具有透過輸入電壓與輸出電壓來決定恆定開啟期間的電路,因此,即使工作區間(duty cycle)有所改變,降壓調節器仍以一恆定頻率被開啟。一般而言,降壓調節器的輸出電壓的漣波(ripple)主要由儲存電感流入到輸出電感的等效串接阻抗(equivalent series resistance)之漣波電流來決定。於應用上,輸出電容可以選擇才用具有較低等效串接阻抗的多層陶瓷電容(multilayer ceramic capacitor,MLCC),以使得降壓調節器的輸出電壓的漣波相對較小。 One of the existing on-period controllers is a constant-on period controller, which is used to provide a constant-on period. When the output voltage of the step-down regulator is lower than the reference voltage, the controller step-down regulator enters the on-period, that is, the off-period of the step-down regulator ends. Then, after the buck regulator is continuously turned on for a constant on period, it enters the off period. Constant opening period control The controller has a circuit that determines the constant on-time by the input voltage and the output voltage. Therefore, the buck regulator is turned on at a constant frequency even if the duty cycle is changed. Generally speaking, the ripple of the output voltage of the buck regulator is mainly determined by the ripple current of the equivalent series resistance of the storage inductor flowing into the output inductor. In application, a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) with a lower equivalent series impedance can be selected as the output capacitor, so that the ripple of the output voltage of the buck regulator is relatively small.
本發明實施例提供一種恆定開啟期間控制器與使用其的降壓轉換器,以解決降壓調節器的輸出電壓的漣波相對較小時,恆定開啟期間控制器容易雜訊影響而降低其穩定性的技術問題。 An embodiment of the present invention provides a controller during a constant on period and a buck converter using the same to solve the problem that when the ripple of the output voltage of the buck regulator is relatively small, the controller is prone to noise influence during the constant on period and reduces its stability Sexual technical issues.
為達到上述目的,本發明實施例提供的恆定開啟期間控制器可用於控制降壓調節器的關閉期間與開啟期間,且包括比較器、開啟定時器、參考電壓控制器與開關切換裝置。比較器用以比較基於降壓調節器之輸出電壓產生的回授電壓與參考電壓,以產生用於終止關閉期間的終止關閉信號。開啟定時器根據降壓調節器之輸入電壓與輸出電壓,決定該開啟期間,並據此產生用於終止開啟期間的終止開啟信號。參考電壓控制器電性連接比較器,根據回授電壓與預定電壓產生參考電壓。開關切換裝置電性連接參考電壓控制器,於關閉期間的開始,瞬間下拉參考電壓至降壓調節器之電子開關裝置的節點電壓,開關切換裝置於開啟期間提供接地電壓作為參考電壓的基準電壓,以及於關閉期間提供節點電壓作為參考電壓的基準電壓。 To achieve the above object, the constant on-period controller provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be used to control the off-period and the on-period of the buck regulator, and includes a comparator, an on-timer, a reference voltage controller, and a switch switching device. The comparator is used to compare the feedback voltage generated based on the output voltage of the buck regulator with a reference voltage to generate a termination shutdown signal for termination shutdown. The start-up timer determines the start-up period according to the input voltage and output voltage of the buck regulator, and generates a stop-on signal for terminating the start-up period accordingly. The reference voltage controller is electrically connected to the comparator, and generates a reference voltage according to the feedback voltage and a predetermined voltage. The switching device is electrically connected to the reference voltage controller. At the beginning of the off period, the reference voltage is instantly pulled down to the node voltage of the electronic switching device of the buck regulator. The switching device provides the ground voltage as the reference voltage during the opening period. And a reference voltage that provides the node voltage as a reference voltage during the shutdown period.
可選地,開關切換裝置包括第一開關以及第二開關,其中第一開關的第一端與第二開關的第一端電性連接參考電壓控制器,第一開關的第二端與該第二開關的第二端分別電性接地電壓與節點電壓,且第一開關與第二開關分別響應於終止關閉信號與終止開啟信號而被導通。 Optionally, the switch switching device includes a first switch and a second switch, wherein a first terminal of the first switch and a first terminal of the second switch are electrically connected to a reference voltage controller, and a second terminal of the first switch is connected to the first switch. The second ends of the two switches are respectively electrically grounded and the node voltage, and the first switch and the second switch are turned on in response to the termination-off signal and the termination-on signal, respectively.
可選地,參考電壓控制器包括誤差放大器、RC補償電路、轉導放大器與電流感測電阻。誤差放大器用以根據回授電壓與預定電壓輸出誤差放大信號。RC補償電路電性連接於誤差放大器的輸出端,用以減少高頻振盪的現象。轉導放大器電性連接誤差放大器的輸出端,用以將通過RC補償電路後的誤差放大信號轉換為電流信號。電流感測電阻電性連接於誤差放大器的輸出端與開關切換裝置之間,用以將電流信號轉換為參考電壓。 Optionally, the reference voltage controller includes an error amplifier, an RC compensation circuit, a transconductance amplifier, and a current sensing resistor. The error amplifier is used to output an error amplification signal according to the feedback voltage and a predetermined voltage. The RC compensation circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier to reduce the phenomenon of high frequency oscillation. The transconductance amplifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier, and is used to convert the error amplified signal after passing the RC compensation circuit into a current signal. The current sensing resistor is electrically connected between the output terminal of the error amplifier and the switching device, and is used to convert the current signal into a reference voltage.
可選地,參考電壓控制器更包括斜波信號產生器與加法器。斜波信號產生器用以產生斜波信號。加法器電性連接於轉導放大器的輸出端、斜波信號產生器的輸出端與比較器,用以將斜波信號疊加至該流信號。 Optionally, the reference voltage controller further includes a ramp signal generator and an adder. The ramp signal generator is used to generate a ramp signal. The adder is electrically connected to the output end of the transconductance amplifier, the output end of the ramp signal generator and the comparator, and is used to superpose the ramp signal to the current signal.
可選地,恆定開啟期間控制器更包括兩開關。兩開關分別電性連接比較器的正輸入端與負輸入端,並受控於終止開啟信號,以讓比較器僅於關閉期間進行比較。 Optionally, the controller further includes two switches during the constant on period. The two switches are electrically connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the comparator, respectively, and are controlled by the termination on signal, so that the comparator performs comparison only during the off period.
可選地,恆定開啟期間控制器更包括RS正反器。RS正反器電性連接比較器、開啟定時器與降壓調節器,用以接收終止關閉信號與終止開啟信號,以產生控制信號與反向控制信號。 Optionally, the controller further includes an RS flip-flop during the constant on period. The RS flip-flop is electrically connected to a comparator, an on-timer, and a step-down regulator, and is used for receiving a termination-off signal and a termination-on signal to generate a control signal and a reverse control signal.
可選地,恆定開啟期間控制器更包括分壓器。分壓器電性連接參考電壓控制器、比較器與降壓調節器,用以根據輸出電壓產生回授電壓。 Optionally, the controller further includes a voltage divider during the constant on period. The voltage divider is electrically connected to the reference voltage controller, the comparator, and the step-down regulator to generate a feedback voltage according to the output voltage.
為達到上述目的,本發明實施例的降壓轉換器包括上述其中一種恆定開啟期間控制器與降壓調節器。 In order to achieve the above object, the step-down converter according to the embodiment of the present invention includes one of the controller and the step-down regulator during the constant turn-on period described above.
綜上所述,本發明實施例所提供的一種恆定開啟期間控制器與使用降壓轉換器具有較高的雜訊容限與較快的反應速度。 In summary, the controller and the step-down converter provided in the constant-on period provided by the embodiment of the present invention have higher noise tolerance and faster response speed.
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明之特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,但是此等說明與所附圖式僅係用來說明本發明,而非對本發明的權利範圍作任何的限制。 In order to further understand the features and technical contents of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention, but these descriptions and attached drawings are only used to illustrate the present invention, not the right to the present invention No limitation on scope.
1、1’‧‧‧降壓轉換器 1, 1’‧‧‧ Buck Converter
10‧‧‧降壓調節器 10‧‧‧ Buck Regulator
101‧‧‧預驅動器電路 101‧‧‧ pre-driver circuit
11、11’‧‧‧恆定開啟期間控制器 11, 11’‧‧‧ Controller during constant opening
111‧‧‧分壓器 111‧‧‧Divider
112‧‧‧開啟定時器 112‧‧‧Start timer
113‧‧‧RS正反器 113‧‧‧RS Flip-Flop
114‧‧‧比較器 114‧‧‧ Comparator
115‧‧‧參考電壓控制器 115‧‧‧reference voltage controller
1151‧‧‧誤差放大器 1151‧‧‧Error Amplifier
1152‧‧‧轉導放大器 1152‧‧‧Transduction Amplifier
1153‧‧‧斜波信號產生器 1153‧‧‧ Ramp signal generator
116‧‧‧開關切換裝置 116‧‧‧Switching device
ADD1‧‧‧加法器 ADD1‧‧‧ Adder
C1、CF‧‧‧電容 C1, C F ‧‧‧ Capacitance
CO‧‧‧輸出電容 C O ‧‧‧ Output Capacitance
LX‧‧‧儲能電感 L X ‧‧‧ Energy storage inductor
NM1、PM1‧‧‧電晶體 NM1, PM1‧‧‧ Transistors
ISW‧‧‧節點電流 I SW ‧‧‧node current
RFBH、RFBL、R1、R2、RF‧‧‧電阻 R FBH , R FBL , R1, R2, R F ‧‧‧ resistance
RLOAD‧‧‧負載電阻 R LOAD ‧‧‧ load resistance
S1~S4‧‧‧開關 S1 ~ S4‧‧‧‧Switch
TOFF‧‧‧終止關閉信號 T OFF ‧‧‧ Terminate the shutdown signal
VFB‧‧‧回授電壓 V FB ‧‧‧Feedback voltage
VIN‧‧‧輸入電壓 V IN ‧‧‧ Input voltage
VOUT‧‧‧輸出電壓 V OUT ‧‧‧ Output voltage
VREFX‧‧‧參考電壓 V REFX ‧‧‧ Reference voltage
V’REFX‧‧‧比較器之正輸入端上的電壓 V ' REFX ‧‧‧ Voltage on the positive input of the comparator
VSW‧‧‧節點電壓 V SW ‧‧‧node voltage
R‧‧‧重置輸入端 R‧‧‧ reset input
S‧‧‧設定輸入端 S‧‧‧setting input
Q‧‧‧正輸出端 Q‧‧‧ Positive output
QB‧‧‧反向輸出端 QB‧‧‧Reverse output
RAMP_SIG‧‧‧斜波信號 RAMP_SIG‧‧‧ Ramp signal
為了更清楚地說明本發明實施例或現有技術中的技術方案,下面將對實施例描述中所需要使用的附圖作簡單地介紹,顯而易見地,下面描述中的附圖僅僅是本發明的一些實施例,對於本領域普通技術人員來講,在不付出創造性勞動性的前提下,還可以根據這些附圖獲得其他的附圖。本發明的附圖茲簡單說明如下:圖1是本發明實施例的降壓轉換器的示意圖;圖2是本發明實施例的恆定開啟期間控制器之參考電壓控制器的示意圖;圖3是使用圖2之恆定開啟期間控制器之降壓轉換器中的節點電壓、節點電流、參考電壓與回授電壓的波形圖;圖4是本發明另一實施例的降壓轉換器的示意圖;以及圖5是使用圖4之恆定開啟期間控制器之降壓轉換器中的節點電壓、節點電流、比較器的正輸入端上之電壓與回授電壓的波形圖。 In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments may be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor. The drawings of the present invention are briefly explained as follows: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a step-down converter according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reference voltage controller of a constant-on period controller according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of a node voltage, a node current, a reference voltage, and a feedback voltage in a step-down converter of a controller during a constant on period; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a step-down converter according to another embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the node voltage, the node current, the voltage on the positive input terminal of the comparator and the feedback voltage in the step-down converter using the controller in the constant on period of FIG. 4.
本發明實施例提供一種恆定開啟期間控制器與使用其的降壓轉換器,所述恆定開啟期間控制器用以拉大回授電壓與參考電壓之間的差異,以藉此擴展雜訊容限(noise margin)。如此,便能夠解決降壓調節器的輸出電壓的漣波相對較小時,恆定開啟期間控制器容易雜訊影響而降低其穩定性的技術問題。 An embodiment of the present invention provides a controller during a constant on period and a buck converter using the same. The controller is configured to widen a difference between a feedback voltage and a reference voltage during the constant on period, thereby expanding noise margin ( noise margin). In this way, when the ripple of the output voltage of the buck regulator is relatively small, the technical problem that the controller is easily affected by noise during the constant turn-on period and reduces its stability can be solved.
進一步地,恆定開啟期間控制器包括開啟計時器、比較器、參考電壓控制器與開關切換裝置,其中參考電壓控制器電性連接比較器與開關切換裝置。開啟計時器用以根據接收電壓與輸出電壓決定開啟期間,並藉此輸出終止開啟期間的終止開啟信號。參考電壓控制器根據基於輸出電壓產生的回授電壓與預定電壓比較,以產生參考電壓。開關切換裝置根據終止開啟信號與終止關閉信號而切換至接地電壓與降壓調節器之電子開關裝置的節點電壓,以於關閉期間開始時,瞬間下拉參考電壓,從而用以拉大回授電壓與參考電壓之間的差異。於關閉期間,被下拉的參考電壓會逐漸升至預定電壓且回授電壓會逐漸下降,當回授電壓低於參考電壓時,比較器會輸出用以終止關閉期間的終止關閉信號。 Further, the constant-on period controller includes an on-timer, a comparator, a reference voltage controller, and a switching device, wherein the reference voltage controller is electrically connected to the comparator and the switching device. The on timer is used to determine the on period according to the received voltage and the output voltage, and thereby output a termination on signal to terminate the on period. The reference voltage controller compares a feedback voltage generated based on the output voltage with a predetermined voltage to generate a reference voltage. The switching device switches to the ground voltage and the node voltage of the electronic switching device of the buck regulator according to the termination on signal and the termination off signal, so that at the beginning of the off period, the reference voltage is pulled down momentarily to increase the feedback voltage and Difference between reference voltages. During the shutdown period, the pulled down reference voltage will gradually rise to a predetermined voltage and the feedback voltage will gradually decrease. When the feedback voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator will output a termination shutdown signal to terminate the shutdown period.
於本發明的實施例中,參考電壓控制器更可以具有斜波信號產生器。斜波信號產生器可以透過產生的斜波信號來更進一步地下拉參考電壓,以及調整下拉參考電壓上升的斜率。藉此,除了可以更進一步地減少恆定開啟期間控制器對雜訊的敏感性與維持其穩定性,更還能進一步地解決恆定開啟期間控制器因信號抖動(jitter)而穩定性不足的技術問題。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the reference voltage controller may further include a ramp signal generator. The ramp signal generator can further pull down the reference voltage through the generated ramp signal, and adjust the rising slope of the pull down reference voltage. In this way, in addition to further reducing the sensitivity of the controller to noise and maintaining its stability during constant on, it can further solve the technical problem of the controller's insufficient stability due to signal jitter during constant on. .
以上為本發明提供之恆定開啟期間控制器與使用其的降壓轉換器的發明概念,以下將進一步地配合圖式,詳述地描述恆定開啟期間控制器與使用其的降壓轉換器的不同實施方式與各元件功能及細節。 The above is the inventive concept of the constant on period controller provided by the present invention and the buck converter using the same. The following will further describe the differences between the constant on period controller and the buck converter using the same in conjunction with the drawings. Implementation and functions and details of each element.
首先,請參照圖1,圖1是本發明實施例的降壓轉換器的示意圖。降壓轉換器1包括降壓調節器10與恆定開啟期間控制器11,其中降壓調節器10電性連接恆定開啟期間控制器11。降壓調節器10受控於恆定開啟期間控制器11,而於開啟期間開啟,以及於關閉期間關閉。恆定開啟期間控制器11提供的開啟期間為一個恆定開啟期間,且恆定開啟期間是由輸入電壓VIN與輸出電壓VOUT決定。於降壓調節器10被開啟時,輸入電壓VIN對降壓調節器10的儲能電感LX充電,並產生關聯於輸入電壓VIN的輸出電壓VOUT。於降壓調節器10被關閉時,輸入電壓VIN與儲能電感LX及降壓調節器10的輸出端隔離,儲能電感LX放電,並相應地產生輸出電壓VOUT。 First, please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a buck converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The step-down converter 1 includes a step-down regulator 10 and a constant-on period controller 11, wherein the step-down regulator 10 is electrically connected to the constant-on period controller 11. The buck regulator 10 is controlled by the controller 11 during a constant on period, and turned on during the on period, and turned off during the off period. The constant-on period provided by the controller 11 is a constant-on period, and the constant-on period is determined by the input voltage V IN and the output voltage V OUT . When the buck regulator 10 is turned on, the input voltage V IN charges the energy storage inductor L X of the buck regulator 10 and generates an output voltage V OUT related to the input voltage V IN . When the buck regulator 10 is turned off, the input voltage V IN is isolated from the energy storage inductor L X and the output of the buck regulator 10, the energy storage inductor L X is discharged, and an output voltage V OUT is generated accordingly.
進一步地說,恆定開啟期間控制器11會在開啟期間結束時產生終止開啟信號,以讓控制降壓調節器10進入關閉期間。於關閉期間,恆定開啟期間控制器11比較由降壓調節器10之輸出電壓VOUT產生的回授電壓VFB與參考電壓VREFX,以產生終止關閉期間的終止關閉信號TOFF,以讓控制降壓調節器10進入開啟期間。於開啟期間,恆定開啟期間控制器11所產生的參考電壓VREFX係為預定電壓,但在開啟期間結束與關閉期間開始時(即,產生終止開啟信號時),恆定開啟期間控制器11會將產生的參考電壓VREFX瞬間下拉至降壓調節器10之電子開關裝置的節點電壓VSW,然後,參考電壓VREFX於關閉期間會逐漸地上升至預定電壓。如此,透過於關閉期間開始時將參考電壓VREFX瞬間下拉至節點電壓VSW的作法可以使得雜訊容限被擴展,從而解決降壓調節器10的輸出電壓VOUT的漣波相對較小時,恆定開啟期間控制器11容易雜訊影響而降低其穩定性的技術問題。另 外一方面,可選地,恆定開啟期間控制器11可以於關閉期間產生斜波信號,並透過斜波信號改變參考電壓VREFX的斜率,以進一步地解決恆定開啟期間控制器11因信號抖動(jitter)而穩定性不足的技術問題。 Further, the controller 11 generates a termination-on signal at the end of the constant-on period, so that the step-down regulator 10 is controlled to enter a closed period. During the off period, the controller 11 compares the feedback voltage V FB generated by the output voltage V OUT of the step-down regulator 10 with the reference voltage V REFX during the constant on period to generate the termination off signal T OFF during the termination off period, so that the control The step-down regulator 10 enters an on period. During the turn-on period, the reference voltage V REFX generated by the controller 11 during the constant turn-on period is a predetermined voltage, but at the end of the turn-on period and the beginning of the turn-off period (that is, when a termination turn-on signal is generated), the controller 11 will The generated reference voltage V REFX is instantly pulled down to the node voltage V SW of the electronic switching device of the buck regulator 10, and then, the reference voltage V REFX gradually rises to a predetermined voltage during the off period. In this way, the noise margin can be extended by the method of instantly pulling down the reference voltage V REFX to the node voltage V SW at the beginning of the off period, so that the ripple of the output voltage V OUT of the buck regulator 10 is relatively small. The technical problem that the controller 11 is susceptible to noise and affects its stability during the constant opening period. On the other hand, optionally, the controller 11 may generate a ramp signal during the off period, and change the slope of the reference voltage V REFX through the ramp signal to further solve the controller 11 ’s jitter due to the signal during the constant on period ( jitter) and insufficient technical stability.
降壓調節器10的實現方式說明如下,但下述降壓調節器10的實現方式並非用以限定本發明,降壓調節器10亦可以有其他種類型的實現方式。 The implementation manner of the step-down regulator 10 is described below, but the implementation manner of the step-down regulator 10 described below is not intended to limit the present invention, and the step-down regulator 10 may have other types of implementation manners.
於此實施例中,降壓調節器10包括預驅動器(pre-driver)電路101、用以作為電子開關裝置的開關電晶體PM1、NM1、儲能電感LX、輸出電容CO與負載電阻RLOAD。預驅動器電路101電性連接恆定開啟期間控制器11,開關電晶體PM1、NM1的閘極電性連接預驅動器電路101,開關電晶體PM1的源極接收輸入電壓VIN,開關電晶體NM1的源極耦接接地電壓,開關電晶體PM1、NM1的汲極電性耦接儲能電感LX的一端,且儲能電感LX的另一端透過輸出彼此並聯的電容CO與負載電阻RLOAD耦接接地電壓,並作為降壓調節器10的輸出端(亦為降壓轉換器1的輸出端),以輸出輸出電壓VOUT。另外,開關電晶體PM1、NM1的汲極上的電壓為前述之電子關關裝置的節點電壓VSW。 Embodiment, the buck regulator 10 includes a pre-driver (pre-driver) circuit 101, a switching transistor for switching the electronic device PM1, NM1, inductor L X, the output capacitance and the load resistance R C O thereto LOAD . The pre-driver circuit 101 is electrically connected to the controller 11 during the constant on period. The gates of the switching transistors PM1 and NM1 are electrically connected to the pre-driver circuit 101. The source of the switching transistor PM1 receives the input voltage V IN and the source of the switching transistor NM1 The pole is coupled to the ground voltage, and the drains of the switching transistors PM1 and NM1 are electrically coupled to one end of the energy storage inductor L X , and the other end of the energy storage inductor L X is coupled to the load resistor R OLOAD through the output capacitor C O in parallel with each other. Connected to ground voltage and used as the output terminal of the buck regulator 10 (also the output terminal of the buck converter 1) to output the output voltage V OUT . In addition, the voltages on the drains of the switching transistors PM1 and NM1 are the node voltage V SW of the aforementioned electronic switching device.
預驅動器電路101接收關聯於終止關閉信號TOFF與終止開啟信號的控制信號,並產生閘極控制信號控制開關電晶體PM1、NM1的開啟與關閉,其中預驅動器電路101可以是包括多個邏輯閘的邏輯電路,但本發明不以此為限制。在此實施例中,開關電晶體PM1、NM1分別為PMOS電晶體與NMOS電晶體,但本發明不以此為限制。 The pre-driver circuit 101 receives control signals related to the termination-off signal T OFF and the termination-on signal, and generates a gate control signal to control the opening and closing of the switching transistors PM1 and NM1. The pre-driver circuit 101 may include a plurality of logic gates. Logic circuit, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the switching transistors PM1 and NM1 are respectively a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
當恆定開啟期間控制器11產生終止關閉信號TOFF時,控制信號具有邏輯高準位的電壓,如此,預驅動器電路101根據控制信號,控制PMOS電晶體與NMOS電晶體開啟,以讓輸入電壓VIN對儲能電感LX進行充電,以及於輸出端產生關聯於輸入電壓VIN的輸出電壓VOUT。當恆定開啟期間控制器11產生終止 開啟信號時,控制信號具有邏輯低準位的電壓,如此,預驅動器電路101根據控制信號,控制PMOS電晶體與NMOS電晶體關閉,以儲能電感LX對輸出斷放電,以於輸出端產生輸出電壓VOUT。進一步地說,於開啟期間,輸出電壓VOUT會逐漸地上升,以及於關閉期間,輸出電壓VOUT會逐漸地下降。 When the controller 11 generates a termination shutdown signal T OFF during the constant on period, the control signal has a logic high level voltage. Thus, the pre-driver circuit 101 controls the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor to turn on according to the control signal, so that the input voltage V IN charges the energy storage inductor L X and generates an output voltage V OUT associated with the input voltage V IN at the output terminal. When the controller 11 is turned on during the constant to produce a stop signal is turned on, the control signal has a logic low level voltage, so the pre-driver circuit 101 in accordance with a control signal to control PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor is closed to the inductor L X of The output is discharged to generate an output voltage V OUT at the output. Furthermore, the output voltage V OUT gradually increases during the on period, and the output voltage V OUT gradually decreases during the off period.
恆定開啟期間控制器11的實現方式說明如下,但下述恆定開啟期間控制器11的實現方式並非用以限定本發明,恆定開啟期間控制器11亦可以有其他種類型的實現方式。 The implementation of the controller 11 during the constant on period is described below, but the implementation of the controller 11 during the constant on period is not intended to limit the present invention, and the controller 11 may have other types of implementations.
恆定開啟期間控制器11包括分壓器111、開啟定時器112、RS暫存器113、比較器114、參考電壓控制器115與開關切換裝置116。分壓器111電性連接降壓調節器10的輸出端,以接收輸出電壓VOUT。參考電壓控制器115與比較器114電性連接分壓器111。開關切換裝置116電性連接RS暫存器113與參考電壓控制器115。RS暫存器113電性連接比較器114、開啟定時器112與降壓調節器10的預驅動器電路101。 The controller 11 includes a voltage divider 111, an on-timer 112, an RS register 113, a comparator 114, a reference voltage controller 115, and a switch switching device 116 during the constant on period. The voltage divider 111 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the step-down regulator 10 to receive the output voltage V OUT . The reference voltage controller 115 and the comparator 114 are electrically connected to the voltage divider 111. The switching device 116 is electrically connected to the RS register 113 and the reference voltage controller 115. The RS register 113 is electrically connected to the comparator 114, the on-timer 112, and the pre-driver circuit 101 of the buck regulator 10.
分壓器111用以根據輸出電壓VOUT產生回授電壓VFB,分壓器111可以由複數個電阻RFBH與RFBL實現,其中電阻RFBH的一端接收輸出電壓VOUT,電阻RFBH的另一端與電阻RFBL的一端電性連接,以輸出回授電壓VFB,以及電阻RFBL的另一端電性連接接地電壓。開啟定時器112用以接收輸入電壓VIN與輸出電壓VOUT,並根據輸入電壓VIN與輸出電壓VOUT決定恆定的開啟期間,並於降壓調節器10開啟持續一段開啟期間後,輸出用以終止開啟期間的終止開啟信號。開啟定時器112可以是單擊開啟定時器(one-shot on-timer),但本發明不以此為限制。 Divider 111 for generating the feedback voltage V FB to the output voltage V OUT, the voltage divider 111 may be implemented by a plurality of resistors R FBH and R FBL, wherein one end of the resistor R FBH receives the output voltage V OUT, the resistor R FBH The other end is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R FBL to output a feedback voltage V FB , and the other end of the resistor R FBL is electrically connected to a ground voltage. The start-up timer 112 is used to receive the input voltage V IN and the output voltage V OUT and determine a constant on-time based on the input voltage V IN and the output voltage V OUT . After the buck regulator 10 is turned on for a period of on-time, the output is used for To terminate the open signal during the open period. The on-timer 112 may be a one-shot on-timer, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
RS正反器113的重置輸入端R與設定輸入端S分別接收終止開啟信號與終止關閉信號TOFF,以及RS正反器113的正輸出端Q輸出的控制信號與反向輸出端QB輸出的反向控制信號之準位係根據終止開啟信號與終止關閉信號 TOFF而決定。進一步地說,當終止開啟信號為邏輯高準位,RS正反器113的正輸出端Q輸出的控制信號與反向輸出端QB輸出的反向控制信號之準位分別為邏輯低準位與邏輯高準位;當終止關閉TOFF信號為邏輯高準位,RS正反器113的正輸出端Q輸出的控制信號與反向輸出端QB輸出的反向控制信號之準位分別為邏輯高準位與邏輯低準位。 The reset input terminal R and the setting input terminal S of the RS flip-flop 113 respectively receive a termination on signal and a termination off signal T OFF , and the control signal output from the positive output terminal Q of the RS flip-flop 113 and the reverse output QB output. The level of the reverse control signal is determined according to the termination on signal and the termination off signal T OFF . Further, when the termination enable signal is a logic high level, the levels of the control signal output from the positive output terminal Q of the RS flip-flop 113 and the reverse control signal output from the reverse output terminal QB are the logic low level and Logic high level; when the T OFF signal is closed, it is logic high level. The levels of the control signal output from the positive output terminal Q of the RS flip-flop 113 and the reverse control signal output from the reverse output terminal QB are logic high. Level and logic low level.
比較器114的正輸入端與負輸入端分別接收參考電壓VREFX與回授電壓VFB,並且比較參考電壓VREFX與回授電壓VFB,以在回授電壓VFB低於參考電壓VREFX時,產生終止關閉期間的終止關閉信號TOFF。參考電壓控制器115接收回授電壓VFB,並產生回授電壓VFB與預定電壓之間的誤差放大信號。接著,參考電壓控制器115將誤差放大信號轉換為電流信號。之後,參考電壓控制器115透過電阻將電流信號轉換為參考電壓VREFX。在此請注意,可選地,參考電壓控制器115可以將斜波信號疊加至電流信號,以解決信號抖動的技術問題,但本發明不此為限制。 The positive and negative inputs of the comparator 114 receive the reference voltage V REFX and the feedback voltage V FB respectively , and compare the reference voltage V REFX and the feedback voltage V FB so that the feedback voltage V FB is lower than the reference voltage V REFX At this time, the termination shutdown signal T OFF during the termination shutdown is generated. The reference voltage controller 115 receives the feedback voltage V FB and generates an error amplification signal between the feedback voltage V FB and a predetermined voltage. Then, the reference voltage controller 115 converts the error amplified signal into a current signal. After that, the reference voltage controller 115 converts the current signal into a reference voltage V REFX through a resistor. Please note that, optionally, the reference voltage controller 115 may superimpose a ramp signal to a current signal to solve the technical problem of signal jitter, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
開關切換裝置116用以在開啟期間時,提供接地電壓作為基準電壓(baseline voltage),以及在關閉期間,提供節點電壓VSW作為基準電壓。如此一來,在關閉期間開始時,參考電壓VREFX會瞬間被下拉至節點電壓VSW,並接著逐漸上升至預定電壓。開關切換裝置116可以由兩個開關S1與S2來實現,但本發明不以此為限制。開關S1的一端電性連接參考電壓控制器115,開關S1的另一端電性連接接地電壓,開關S2的一端電性連接參考電壓控制器115,以及開關S2的另一端電性連接節點電壓VSW。開關S1與S2分別被控制信號與反向控制信號所控制,進一步地說,當終止開啟信號為邏輯高準位時,開關S2開啟(即,導通),以及當終止關閉信號為邏輯高準位時,開關S1開啟。 The switching device 116 is configured to provide a ground voltage as a baseline voltage during an on period and a node voltage V SW as a reference voltage during an off period. In this way, at the beginning of the off period, the reference voltage V REFX is pulled down to the node voltage V SW momentarily, and then gradually rises to a predetermined voltage. The switch switching device 116 may be implemented by two switches S1 and S2, but the invention is not limited thereto. One end of switch S1 is electrically connected to reference voltage controller 115, the other end of switch S1 is electrically connected to ground voltage, one end of switch S2 is electrically connected to reference voltage controller 115, and the other end of switch S2 is electrically connected to node voltage V SW . The switches S1 and S2 are controlled by a control signal and a reverse control signal, respectively. Further, when the termination-on signal is a logic high level, the switch S2 is turned on (ie, turned on), and when the termination-off signal is a logic high level At this time, the switch S1 is turned on.
接著,請參考圖2,圖2是本發明實施例的恆定開啟期間控制器之參考電壓控制器的示意圖。恆定開啟期間控制器11之參考電壓控制器115的其中一種實現方式如圖2所示,但下述參考電壓控制器115的實現方式並非用以限定本發明,參考電壓控制器115亦可以有其他種類型的實現方式。 Next, please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a reference voltage controller of the controller during a constant on period according to an embodiment of the present invention. One implementation of the reference voltage controller 115 of the controller 11 during the constant on period is shown in FIG. 2, but the implementation of the reference voltage controller 115 described below is not intended to limit the present invention, and the reference voltage controller 115 may also have other Types of implementation.
於圖2的實施例中,參考電壓控制器115包括誤差放大器1151、電阻R1、R2、電容C1、加法器AAD1、轉導放大器1152與斜波信號產生氣1153。誤差放大器1151電性連接分壓器111、電阻R1的一端與轉導放大器1152的輸入端。轉導放大器1152的輸出端電性連接加法器ADD1的輸入端,且斜波信號產生器的輸出端電性連接加法器ADD1的另一輸入端。電阻R2的一端電性連接比較器114的正輸入端與加法器ADD1的輸出端,以及電阻R2的另一端電性連接開關S1的一端與開關S2的一端。電容C1的兩端分別電性連接電阻R1的另一端與接地電壓。 In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the reference voltage controller 115 includes an error amplifier 1151, a resistor R1, R2, a capacitor C1, an adder AAD1, a transduction amplifier 1152, and a ramp signal generating gas 1153. The error amplifier 1151 is electrically connected to the voltage divider 111, one end of the resistor R1, and the input end of the transconductance amplifier 1152. The output terminal of the transconductance amplifier 1152 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the adder ADD1, and the output terminal of the ramp signal generator is electrically connected to the other input terminal of the adder ADD1. One terminal of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator 114 and the output terminal of the adder ADD1, and the other terminal of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to one terminal of the switch S1 and one terminal of the switch S2. The two ends of the capacitor C1 are respectively electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and the ground voltage.
誤差放大器1151的負輸入端與正輸入端分別接收回授電壓VFB與預定電壓VREF(例如,0.6伏特,但不以此為限制),並據此產生回授電壓VFB與預定電壓VREF的誤差放大信號。電容C1與電阻R1形成一個RC補償電路,RC補償電路的效果在穩定電路,減少高頻振盪的現象。通過RC補償電路後的誤差放大信號會被轉導放大器1152轉換為電流信號。加法器ADD1將斜波信號RAMP_SIG疊加至電流信號,以及電阻R2作為電流感測用途,以藉此根據疊加斜波信號RAMP_SIG的電流信號產生參考電壓VREFX。 The negative input terminal and the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 1151 respectively receive the feedback voltage V FB and the predetermined voltage V REF (for example, 0.6 volts, but not limited thereto), and generate the feedback voltage V FB and the predetermined voltage V accordingly. REF error-amplified signal. The capacitor C1 and the resistor R1 form an RC compensation circuit. The effect of the RC compensation circuit is to stabilize the circuit and reduce the phenomenon of high frequency oscillation. The error amplified signal after passing through the RC compensation circuit is converted into a current signal by the transconductance amplifier 1152. The adder ADD1 superimposes the ramp signal RAMP_SIG to the current signal, and the resistor R2 is used for current sensing to generate a reference voltage V REFX according to the current signal of the superposed ramp signal RAMP_SIG.
在此請注意,斜波信號產生器1153與加法器ADD1係為了解決信號抖動的技術問題,才增設於參考電壓控制器115之中。因此,若無嚴重的信號抖動情況下,則斜波信號產生器1153與加法器ADD1可自參考電壓控制器115中移除。 Please note that the ramp signal generator 1153 and the adder ADD1 are added to the reference voltage controller 115 in order to solve the technical problem of signal jitter. Therefore, if there is no severe signal jitter, the ramp signal generator 1153 and the adder ADD1 can be removed from the reference voltage controller 115.
請同時參考圖1至圖3,圖3是使用圖2之恆定開啟期間控制器之降壓轉換器中的節點電壓、節點電流、參考電壓與回授電壓的波形圖。於此實施例中,在時間點T0時,降壓調節器10的電子開關裝置被開啟,並於時間點T1終止開啟期間P01,亦即,於開啟期間P01,降壓調節器10開啟。於開啟期間P01,輸入電壓VIN產生相關的輸出電壓VOUT與節點電壓VSW,由於對儲存電感LX充電的原因,節點電壓VSW逐漸下降且節點電流ISW逐漸上升。於開啟期間P01,開關切換裝置116提供的基準電壓為接地電壓,參考電壓VREFX會大概等於預定電壓VREF,而回授電壓VFB相應於輸出電壓VOUT的上升而上升。 Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 at the same time. FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of the node voltage, the node current, the reference voltage, and the feedback voltage in the step-down converter using the controller in the constant on period of FIG. 2. In this embodiment, at the time point T0, the electronic switching device of the buck regulator 10 is turned on, and the turn-on period P01 is terminated at the time point T1, that is, during the turn-on period P01, the buck regulator 10 is turned on. During the turn-on period P01, the input voltage V IN generates the relevant output voltage V OUT and the node voltage V SW . Due to the charging of the storage inductor L X , the node voltage V SW gradually decreases and the node current I SW gradually increases. During the turn-on period P01, the reference voltage provided by the switching device 116 is a ground voltage, the reference voltage V REFX is approximately equal to the predetermined voltage V REF , and the feedback voltage V FB rises corresponding to the rise of the output voltage V OUT .
在時間點T1,終止開啟信號被產生,因此,降壓調節器10的電子開關裝置被關閉,降壓調節器10的電子開關裝置的節點電壓VSW會被瞬間下拉,且儲能電感LX開始向降壓調節器10的輸出端放電,以產生輸出電壓VOUT。於關閉期間P12,因為儲能電感LX持續向輸出端放電,故節點電流ISW會逐漸下降,被下拉後的節點電壓VSW會逐漸上升,以及回授電壓VFB相應於輸出電壓VOUT的下降而下降,並且在回授電壓VFB低於參考電壓VREFX時(亦即,於時間點T2時),用於終止關閉期間P12的終止關閉信號被產生。於在時間點T1時,開關切換裝置116提供的基準電壓改為節點電壓VSW,因此,參考電壓VREFX會瞬間被下拉至節點電壓VSW,且接著,參考電壓VREFX會於關閉期間P12會逐漸上升至預定電壓VREF。由於本發明實施例的恆定開啟期間控制器10是使用開關切換裝置116改變提供的基準電壓來瞬間下拉參考電壓VREFX,因此,除了可以提升雜訊容限外,其更具有反應速度快的優勢。 At the time point T1, the end-on signal is generated. Therefore, the electronic switching device of the buck regulator 10 is turned off, the node voltage V SW of the electronic switching device of the buck regulator 10 is momentarily pulled down, and the energy storage inductor L X Discharge to the output of the buck regulator 10 is started to generate an output voltage V OUT . During the off period P12, because the energy storage inductor L X continues to discharge to the output terminal, the node current I SW will gradually decrease, the pulled down node voltage V SW will gradually increase, and the feedback voltage V FB corresponds to the output voltage V OUT When the feedback voltage V FB is lower than the reference voltage V REFX (that is, at the time point T2), a termination shutdown signal for the termination shutdown period P12 is generated. At time T1, the reference voltage provided by the switching device 116 is changed to the node voltage V SW . Therefore, the reference voltage V REFX will be immediately pulled down to the node voltage V SW , and then the reference voltage V REFX will be turned off during the off period P12. Will gradually rise to the predetermined voltage V REF . Since the controller 10 in the embodiment of the present invention uses the switching voltage switching device 116 to change the reference voltage provided to pull down the reference voltage V REFX instantaneously, in addition to improving the noise margin, it has the advantage of fast response .
接著,請參考圖4,圖4是本發明另一實施例的降壓轉換器的示意圖。相較於圖1的實施例中,圖4的降壓轉換器1’的恆定開啟期間控制器11’額外地具有兩個關關S3與S4。開關S3的一端電性連接回授電壓VFB,開關S3的另一端 電性連接地,開關S4的一端電性連接參考電壓VREFX,開關S4的另一端透過一RC濾波電路電性連接比較器114的正輸入端。RC濾波電路包含有一電阻RF與一電容CF,電阻RF的一端連接於開關S4,電阻RF的另一端連接比較器114的正輸入端,電容CF的一端連接於地,電容CF的另一端連接比較器114的正輸入端。開關S3與S4受控反向控制信號QB,因此,開關S3與S4僅有在關閉期間才導通,從而讓比較器114僅在關閉期間才比較參考電壓VREFX與回授電壓VFB。 Next, please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a buck converter according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the embodiment of FIG. 1, the controller 11 ′ of the step-down converter 1 ′ of FIG. 4 additionally has two switches S3 and S4. One end of the switch S3 is electrically connected to the feedback voltage V FB , the other end of the switch S3 is electrically connected to the ground, one end of the switch S4 is electrically connected to the reference voltage V REFX , and the other end of the switch S4 is electrically connected to the comparator through an RC filter circuit. Positive input of 114. The RC filter circuit includes a resistor R F and a capacitor C F , one end of the resistor R F is connected to the switch S4, the other end of the resistor R F is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator 114, one end of the capacitor C F is connected to ground, and the capacitor C The other end of F is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator 114. The switches S3 and S4 are controlled by the reverse control signal QB. Therefore, the switches S3 and S4 are turned on only during the off period, so that the comparator 114 compares the reference voltage V REFX and the feedback voltage V FB only during the off period.
請同時參照圖4與圖5,圖5是使用圖4之恆定開啟期間控制器之降壓轉換器中的節點電壓、節點電流、比較器的正輸入端上之電壓與回授電壓的波形圖。由於開關S3與S4僅有在關閉期間P12才導通,以讓比較器114比較參考電壓VREFX與回授電壓VFB,因此,於開啟期間P01,比較器114的正輸入端上的電壓V’REFX為一個低於預定電壓VREF的較低電壓。於關閉期間P12,開關S3與S4導通,比較器114的正輸入端上的電壓V’REFX會受到參考電壓VREFX影響,而逐漸地自較低電壓上升至預定電壓VREF。如此一來,透過於比較器114的正輸入端與負輸入端增設開關S3與S4的作法,可以進一步地再拉開回授電壓VFB與電壓V’REFX之間的差異,從而再更多地增加雜訊容限。 Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 at the same time. FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the node voltage, the node current, the voltage on the positive input terminal of the comparator, and the feedback voltage in the step-down converter using the controller of FIG. . The switches S3 and S4 are turned on only during the off period P12, so that the comparator 114 compares the reference voltage V REFX with the feedback voltage V FB . Therefore, during the on period P01, the voltage V ′ on the positive input terminal of the comparator 114 REFX is a lower voltage below the predetermined voltage V REF . During the off period P12, the switches S3 and S4 are turned on, and the voltage V ′ REFX on the positive input terminal of the comparator 114 is affected by the reference voltage V REFX and gradually rises from a lower voltage to a predetermined voltage V REF . In this way, by adding switches S3 and S4 to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the comparator 114, the difference between the feedback voltage V FB and the voltage V ′ REFX can be further opened, and thus more To increase noise margin.
綜上所述,本發明實施例所提供的一種恆定開啟期間控制器與使用降壓轉換器具有較高的雜訊容限,故能夠解決降壓調節器的輸出電壓的漣波相對較小時,恆定開啟期間控制器容易雜訊影響而降低其穩定性的技術問題。較佳地,在其中一個實施例中,於關閉期間,透過斜波信號來改變參考電壓的斜率,更能夠改善信號抖動的技術問題。除此之外,由於恆定開啟期間控制器使用開關切換裝置來切換相應於參考電壓的基準電壓,因此,更具有反應速度較快的優勢。 In summary, the controller and the step-down converter used in the constant-on period provided by the embodiment of the present invention have a higher noise margin, so it can solve when the ripple of the output voltage of the step-down regulator is relatively small. The technical problem that the controller is easy to be affected by noise during the constant opening period, which reduces its stability. Preferably, in one of the embodiments, changing the slope of the reference voltage through the ramp signal during the off period can further improve the technical problem of signal jitter. In addition, since the controller uses a switching device to switch the reference voltage corresponding to the reference voltage during the constant on period, it has the advantage of faster response speed.
以上所述僅為本發明之實施例,其並非用以侷限本發明之專利範圍。 The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention.
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