TWI633532B - Method and apparatus of grayscale image generation in monochrome display - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種在單色顯示面板中進行灰階影像顯示信號驅動的方法，其在不需要改變資料線（SEG）上的1位元數位類比轉換器（DAC）的解析度的情況下，允許使用單色PMOLED顯示驅動器來生成灰階圖案。該方法還能夠去除傳統方法所需之額外的幀緩衝器顯示記憶體；其以犧牲顯示解析度為代價，通過交換顯示影像畫素色彩（灰階）深度的顯示記憶空間來實現。該方法進一步允許僅將灰階圖案資料一次寫入幀緩衝器，而不需要來自主機控制器的額外控制。另外，該方法還允許動態應用可選灰階掃描線的數量，從而能夠在單個顯示面板中顯示全灰階影像或單色和灰階影像的混合。A method for driving a gray scale image display signal in a monochrome display panel, which allows monochromatic use without changing the resolution of a 1-bit digital analog converter (DAC) on a data line (SEG) The PMOLED display driver generates a grayscale pattern. The method also removes the additional frame buffer display memory required by conventional methods; it is achieved by exchanging display memory spaces that display image pixel color (grayscale) depth at the expense of display resolution. The method further allows only grayscale pattern data to be written to the frame buffer at a time without additional control from the host controller. In addition, the method also allows the dynamic application of the number of selectable grayscale scan lines to display a full grayscale image or a mixture of monochrome and grayscale images in a single display panel.
Description
本發明涉及驅動包括有機發光二極體（OLED）的發光二極體（LED）、單色顯示器以實現灰階影像效果的技術。The present invention relates to a technique for driving a light emitting diode (LED) including an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and a monochrome display to achieve a grayscale image effect.
先前技術在現有單色被動式矩陣OLED（PMOLED）顯示應用中，為獲得更好的視覺效果，需要在至少一段短的時間內顯示灰階圖案或影像，例如，在設備啟動期間顯示商標。人們並不清楚任意已有的顯示驅動器是否具有提供了上述功能的內置機制。不過，已有市售的獨立灰階影像顯示驅動器或模組在單色PMOLED顯示器中提供這種功能。通常，灰階影像顯示驅動器具有全尺寸的嵌入式內存和擁有比單色驅動器更多的硬件。當灰階影像存儲在內存中，灰階影像顯示驅動器可以自行生成灰階影像，無需額外的外部控制。而另一方面，單色影像顯示驅動器或模組的工作原理是，將每一幀待顯示的影像資料寫入顯示驅動器，並改變畫面播放速率控制（FRC）以生成灰階影像。其中涉及主機控制器和顯示驅動器之間的複雜控制，例如：需要信號同步定時以防止出現撕裂效應。Prior Art In existing monochrome passive matrix OLED (PMOLED) display applications, grayscale patterns or images need to be displayed for at least a short period of time to obtain a better visual effect, for example, displaying a trademark during device startup. It is not clear whether any existing display driver has a built-in mechanism that provides the above functionality. However, commercially available stand-alone grayscale image display drivers or modules provide this functionality in monochrome PMOLED displays. Typically, grayscale image display drives have full-size embedded memory and have more hardware than monochrome drives. When the grayscale image is stored in the memory, the grayscale image display driver can generate grayscale images by itself without additional external control. On the other hand, the monochrome image display driver or module works by writing image data to be displayed for each frame to the display driver and changing the picture playback rate control (FRC) to generate grayscale images. This involves complex control between the host controller and the display driver, for example: signal synchronization timing is required to prevent tearing effects.
根據本發明提供各種實施方式，其中一種方法為：在不需要改變資料線（SEG）上的1位元數位類比轉換器（DAC）的解析度的情況下，允許使用單色PMOLED顯示驅動器來生成灰階圖案。該方法能去除傳統方法所需的額外的幀緩衝器顯示記憶體；其以犧牲顯示解析度為代價，通過交換顯示影像畫素色彩（灰階）深度的顯示記憶空間來實現。該方法亦能將灰階圖案資料一次就寫入幀緩衝器，而不需要來自主機控制器的額外控制。另外，該方法允許動態應用可選灰階掃描線的數量，從而能夠在單個顯示面板中顯示全灰階影像或單色和灰階影像的混合。本發明還可用於改進灰階影像顯示驅動器，使得具有n位DAC的常規灰階影像顯示驅動器可以被增強以產生超過2 n個灰階級。 Various embodiments are provided in accordance with the present invention in which one method allows for the generation of a monochrome PMOLED display driver without the need to change the resolution of a 1-bit digital analog converter (DAC) on a data line (SEG) Grayscale pattern. This method removes the extra frame buffer display memory required by conventional methods; it is achieved by exchanging the display memory space that displays the depth of the image's pixel color (grayscale) at the expense of display resolution. This method also allows grayscale pattern data to be written to the frame buffer at once without additional control from the host controller. In addition, the method allows for the dynamic application of the number of selectable grayscale scan lines to enable display of a full grayscale image or a mixture of monochrome and grayscale images in a single display panel. The present invention can also be used to improve grayscale image display drivers such that conventional grayscale image display drivers with n-bit DACs can be enhanced to produce more than 2n grayscales.
以下將說明顯示器及類似設備中生成灰階影像的方法和裝置之優例。對於發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者而言在不脫離本發明的範圍和精神的情況下可簡單做出修改，包括添加和/或替換。為了避免模糊本發明可以省略具體細節，但本公開內容中記載了為允許發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者在不需要過度實驗的情況下實施本文的教示。Advantages of a method and apparatus for generating grayscale images in displays and the like will be described below. Modifications, including additions and/or substitutions, may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In order to avoid obscuring the present invention, specific details may be omitted, but the teachings of the present disclosure are intended to allow those skilled in the art to practice the teachings without undue experimentation.
參考第1a圖和第1b圖，其中繪示了PMOLED的工作原理。在PMOLED顯示面板中，畫素具有二極體的電特性，當畫素上的電壓大於閾值電壓時，二極體導通。畫素的亮度也與流過畫素的電流量有關，儘管二者不是線性關係。但是，畫素的亮度與其占空比幾乎成線性比例關係，占空比對應於畫素被導通的持續時間。PMOLED顯示面板的常用驅動方法包括在每行掃描開始時通過資料線（SEG）將畫素預充電到其閾值電壓；此後，驅動電流到SEG以導通畫素。Referring to Figures 1a and 1b, the operation of the PMOLED is illustrated. In the PMOLED display panel, the pixel has electrical characteristics of the diode, and when the voltage on the pixel is greater than the threshold voltage, the diode is turned on. The brightness of the pixels is also related to the amount of current flowing through the pixels, although the two are not linear. However, the brightness of a pixel is almost linearly proportional to its duty cycle, and the duty cycle corresponds to the duration in which the pixel is turned on. A common driving method for a PMOLED display panel involves precharging a pixel to its threshold voltage through a data line (SEG) at the beginning of each line of scanning; thereafter, driving current to the SEG to turn on the pixels.
為了更清楚地說明本發明，本文所描述的實施方式假設PMOLED顯示面板中的寄生電阻和寄生電容微不足道。因此，可以認為對畫素的預充電是在接近0的時間內完成，並且一次線掃描內畫素的亮度與畫素的ON（開）時間成線性比例關係。在本文的其餘部分，術語“單色”意指每條資料線SEG上的DAC具有1位元解析度，畫素只能處於OFF（關）或者ON（開）狀態（儘管畫素的亮度仍然受資料線SEG上驅動信號波形為ON（高電平）的持續時間（例如脈衝寬度）或電流幅度的影響）。術語“灰階”表示每條SEG的DAC具有超過1位的解析度；因此，使用n位DAC可以得到2 n的灰階級，而通過2 n的驅動信號波形圖案來驅動資料線SEG，可以在每條掃描線中表現出2 n的亮度。 To more clearly illustrate the invention, the embodiments described herein assume that parasitic resistance and parasitic capacitance in a PMOLED display panel are negligible. Therefore, it can be considered that the precharging of the pixels is completed in a time close to 0, and the luminance of the pixels in the primary line scanning is linearly proportional to the ON time of the pixels. In the rest of this article, the term "monochrome" means that the DAC on each data line SEG has a 1-bit resolution, and the pixels can only be in the OFF or ON state (although the brightness of the pixels is still The duration (eg, pulse width) or current amplitude of the drive signal waveform on the data line SEG is ON (high level). The term "gray scale" represented by a DAC SEG each having more than one resolution; therefore, can be obtained using an n-bit DAC 2 n grayscale levels, while the data line is driven by a driving signal SEG waveform pattern is 2 n, may be A brightness of 2 n is exhibited in each scan line.
參考第2a圖和第2b圖。傳統的單色驅動方法中，掃描線（COM）在一幀的不同時隙逐一觸發掃描線（COM）（例如在時隙j觸發COM(j)）；於是，資料線SEG上畫素的狀態在時隙j期間取決於該資料線SEG的狀態。例如，若SEG(i)在時隙j期間受ON（高電平）波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度100%的ON（開，例如顯示為白色）狀態；若SEG(i+1)在時隙j+1受OFF（低電平）波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j+1)為亮度0%的OFF（關，例如顯示為黑色）狀態。Refer to Figures 2a and 2b. In the conventional monochrome driving method, the scanning line (COM) triggers the scanning line (COM) one by one in different time slots of one frame (for example, triggering COM(j) in the time slot j); thus, the state of the pixel on the data line SEG During the time slot j depends on the state of the data line SEG. For example, if SEG(i) is driven by an ON (high) waveform during time slot j, the pixel (i, j) is ON (on, for example, displayed in white) with a brightness of 100%; if SEG(i) +1) When the slot j+1 is driven by the OFF (low level) waveform, the pixel (i+1, j+1) is the OFF (off, for example, black) state of the luminance 0%.
參考第3a圖和第3b圖。一種傳統的灰階驅動方法中，在一幀的不同時隙逐一觸發掃描線COM（例如在時隙j觸發COM(j)）；於是，資料線SEG上畫素的狀態和亮度在時隙j期間取決於該資料線SEG的狀態和占空比。例如，若SEG(i)在時隙j期間受占空比100%的ON波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度100%的ON狀態；若SEG(i+1)在時隙j期間受占空比50%的ON波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j)為亮度50%的ON狀態；若SEG(i)在時隙j+1期間受占空比25%的ON波形驅動，則畫素(i, j+1)為亮度25%的ON狀態；而若SEG(i+1)在時隙j+1期間受OFF波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j+1)為亮度0%的OFF狀態。在這種情況下，資料線SEG上的每個DAC可以視為具有2位元解析度。亮度的百分比反映不同灰階的深度，例如100%亮度顯示為白色，0%亮度顯示為黑色，亮度在0%及100%之間顯示為不同灰階的深度。Refer to Figures 3a and 3b. In a conventional gray-scale driving method, the scanning line COM is triggered one by one in different time slots of one frame (for example, COM(j) is triggered in the time slot j); thus, the state and brightness of the pixels on the data line SEG are in the time slot j. The period depends on the state and duty cycle of the data line SEG. For example, if SEG(i) is driven by an ON waveform with a duty cycle of 100% during time slot j, the pixel (i, j) is an ON state with a luminance of 100%; if SEG(i+1) is at time slot j During the period, driven by an ON waveform with a duty cycle of 50%, the pixel (i+1, j) is an ON state with a luminance of 50%; if SEG(i) is subjected to a duty ratio of 25% during the slot j+1 When the waveform is driven, the pixel (i, j+1) is an ON state with a brightness of 25%; and if SEG(i+1) is driven by the OFF waveform during the time slot j+1, the pixel (i+1, j) +1) is an OFF state with 0% brightness. In this case, each DAC on the data line SEG can be considered to have 2-bit resolution. The percentage of brightness reflects the depth of different gray levels, for example, 100% brightness is displayed in white, 0% brightness is displayed in black, and brightness is displayed as depth of different gray levels between 0% and 100%.
本發明提供的方法和裝置能夠在不需要額外記憶體的情況下，使具有可驅動資料線SEG的1位元DAC的單色顯示驅動器能夠進行灰階影像顯示；從而不會影響顯示驅動器積體電路（IC）的晶片尺寸。該方法和裝置亦適用於常規灰階顯示驅動器，對於增加色彩深度有良好的效果。本發明的概念是，使用的T位元記憶體，以犧牲顯示解析度為代價，來表示在用於顯示資料的相同記憶空間中的每個畫素的灰階級。因此為了給每個畫素使用T位元的灰階級，必須根據下式將顯示解析度減小因數T：新的顯示解析度=M×(N/T)，其中M是原始顯示解析度的最大行數，N是原始顯示解析度的最大列數。The method and apparatus provided by the present invention enable a monochrome display driver having a 1-bit DAC capable of driving a data line SEG to perform gray scale image display without requiring additional memory; thus, the display driver integrated body is not affected The chip size of the circuit (IC). The method and apparatus are also applicable to conventional gray scale display drivers, which have a good effect on increasing color depth. The concept of the present invention is that the T-bit memory used represents the gray level of each pixel in the same memory space for displaying material at the expense of display resolution. Therefore, in order to use the gray level of the T bit for each pixel, the resolution reduction factor T must be displayed according to the following formula: the new display resolution = M × (N / T), where M is the original display resolution The maximum number of rows, N is the maximum number of columns in the original display resolution.
本發明的概念在於，在每一幀內的多個時隙（T個時隙）中觸發每條掃描線COM(j)，其中0≤j≤N-1，N為掃描線的總數（或原始顯示解析度的最大列數），T≤N。且每個畫素(i, j)受一幀內資料線SEG(i)上的多個驅動信號波形週期驅動，其中0≤i≤M-1，M為資料線的總數（或原始顯示解析度的最大行數）。由於不同時隙期間SEG(i)上有不同的ON和OFF狀態，其受控於幀緩衝器，故畫素(i, j)可以實現不同級別的亮度。此外，若SEG上的驅動信號波形在每個時隙中都相同，則可獲得的灰階級數為T+1；而若SEG上的驅動信號波形在不同的時隙以特定順序變化，則可獲得的灰階級數為2 T。 The concept of the invention consists in triggering each scan line COM(j) in a plurality of time slots (T time slots) within each frame, where 0 ≤ j ≤ N-1, where N is the total number of scan lines (or The maximum number of columns of the original display resolution), T ≤ N. And each pixel (i, j) is driven by a plurality of driving signal waveform cycles on the data line SEG(i) in one frame, where 0≤i≤M-1, where M is the total number of data lines (or original display resolution) The maximum number of lines). Since the SEG(i) has different ON and OFF states during different time slots, which are controlled by the frame buffer, the pixels (i, j) can achieve different levels of brightness. In addition, if the waveform of the driving signal on the SEG is the same in each time slot, the number of gray levels available is T+1; and if the waveform of the driving signal on the SEG changes in a specific order in different time slots, The number of gray levels obtained is 2 T .
參考第4a圖和第4b圖。根據本發明的第一實施方式，提供一種用於實現2位元3級的灰階級影像生成方法。在本實施方式中，每條掃描線COM(j)在時隙2j和2j+1期間被觸發。畫素(i, j)在時隙2j和2j+1期間的狀態和亮度取決於資料線SEG(i)的ON/OFF狀態。例如：若SEG(i)在時隙2j期間受OFF波形、之後在時隙2j+1期間受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度100%的ON狀態；若SEG(i+1)在時隙2j期間受ON波形、之後在時隙2j+1期間受OFF波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j)仍為亮度100%的ON狀態；若SEG(i)在時隙2j+2期間受OFF波形、之後在時隙2j+3期間受OFF波形驅動，則畫素(i, j+1)為亮度0%的OFF狀態；而若SEG(i+1)在時隙2j+2期間受ON波形、之後在時隙2j+3期間受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j+1)為亮度200%的ON狀態。Refer to Figures 4a and 4b. According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a gray-scale image generating method for realizing 2-bit level 3 is provided. In the present embodiment, each scan line COM(j) is triggered during timeslots 2j and 2j+1. The state and brightness of the pixels (i, j) during the time slots 2j and 2j+1 depend on the ON/OFF state of the data line SEG(i). For example, if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during slot 2j and then by the ON waveform during slot 2j+1, the pixel (i, j) is the ON state with 100% brightness; if SEG(i+ 1) When the ON waveform is received during the time slot 2j and then driven by the OFF waveform during the time slot 2j+1, the pixel (i+1, j) is still in the ON state of 100% brightness; if SEG(i) is in time When the gap 2j+2 is subjected to the OFF waveform and then is driven by the OFF waveform during the slot 2j+3, the pixel (i, j+1) is the OFF state of the luminance 0%; and if the SEG(i+1) is When the gap 2j+2 period is subjected to the ON waveform and then is driven by the ON waveform during the time slot 2j+3, the pixel (i+1, j+1) is an ON state with a luminance of 200%.
參考第5a圖和第5b圖。根據由第一實施方式延伸而得的第二實施方式，通過在多個任意時隙期間觸發每條掃描線COM(j)，同樣可以實現2位元3級灰階級影像的生成。例如，在時隙j-1期間觸發掃描線COM(j-1)，之後在時隙p再次觸發；在時隙j期間觸發掃描線COM(j)，之後在時隙q期間再次觸發；在時隙j+1期間觸發掃描線COM(j+1)，之後在時隙r期間再次觸發，而不是在連續的時隙2j和2j+1期間觸發。在第一和第二實施方式中，畫素的亮度（或灰階級）仍然是由總持續時間確定，或者是由在預定時間段內驅動到畫素的SEG上ON波形的總時隙數量確定。Refer to Figures 5a and 5b. According to the second embodiment extended by the first embodiment, by triggering each scanning line COM(j) during a plurality of arbitrary time slots, the generation of 2-bit level 3 gray-scale images can also be realized. For example, the scan line COM(j-1) is triggered during time slot j-1, then triggered again at time slot p; the scan line COM(j) is triggered during time slot j, and then triggered again during time slot q; The scan line COM(j+1) is triggered during time slot j+1 and then triggered again during time slot r, rather than during successive time slots 2j and 2j+1. In the first and second embodiments, the luminance (or gray level) of the pixel is still determined by the total duration, or is determined by the total number of time slots of the ON waveform on the SEG driven to the pixel for a predetermined period of time. .
參考第6a圖和第6b圖。根據第三實施方式，為了實現更多數量的灰階級，每條掃描線COM(j) 會在比前兩個實施方式更多數量的時隙中被觸發。例如，為實現4位元5級的灰階級，掃描線COM(j)可以在時隙4j、4j+1、4j+2和4j+3期間被觸發。於是，畫素(i, j)的狀態和亮度取決於時隙4j、4j+1、4j+2和4j+3期間資料線SEG(i)的ON/OFF狀態。例如，若SEG(i)在時隙4j期間受OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+1期間受OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+2期間受OFF波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+3期間受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度100%的ON狀態；若SEG(i+1)在時隙4j期間受OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+1期間受OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+2期間受ON波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+3期間受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j)為亮度200%的ON狀態；若SEG(i)在時隙4j+4期間受OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+5期間受ON波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+6期間受ON波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+7期間受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i, j+1)為亮度300%的ON狀態；而若SEG(i+1)在時隙4j+4期間受ON波形驅動，再在時隙4j+5期間受ON波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+6期間受ON波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+7受ON波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j+1)為亮度400%的ON狀態。Refer to Figures 6a and 6b. According to a third embodiment, in order to achieve a greater number of gray levels, each scan line COM(j) will be triggered in a greater number of time slots than in the first two embodiments. For example, to achieve a 4-bit 5-level gray level, the scan line COM(j) can be triggered during time slots 4j, 4j+1, 4j+2, and 4j+3. Thus, the state and brightness of the pixels (i, j) depend on the ON/OFF state of the data line SEG(i) during the time slots 4j, 4j+1, 4j+2, and 4j+3. For example, if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j, it is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+1, then by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+2, and then at time slot 4j+3. When the period is driven by the ON waveform, the pixel (i, j) is an ON state with a brightness of 100%; if SEG(i+1) is driven by the OFF waveform during the time slot 4j, the OFF waveform is received during the time slot 4j+1. The drive is then driven by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+2, and then driven by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+3, then the pixel (i+1, j) is an ON state with a brightness of 200%; if SEG(i ) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+4, then by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+5, then by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+6, and then by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+7 When driving, the pixel (i, j+1) is an ON state with a luminance of 300%; and if SEG(i+1) is driven by an ON waveform during the time slot 4j+4, it is turned ON during the time slot 4j+5. The waveform drive is then driven by the ON waveform during time slot 4j+6, and then driven by the ON waveform in time slot 4j+7, then the pixel (i+1, j+1) is in an ON state with a brightness of 400%.
參考第7a圖和第7b圖。根據第四實施方式，其提供了一種用於實現2位元4級灰階級影像生成方法。在該實施方式中，每條掃描線COM(j)在時隙2j和2j+1期間被觸發。與第一實施方式不同的是，在奇數（或偶數）時隙期間驅動到資料線SEG的ON狀態驅動信號波形具有50%的占空比或者具有對應於50%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平。這可以視為“半-ON”（而不是“全-ON”）狀態。因此，在奇數（或偶數）時隙期間，可以通過OFF狀態的信號波形或“半-ON”狀態的信號波形來驅動資料線SEG，而在其他時隙期間則由OFF狀態的信號波形或“全-ON”狀態的信號波形來驅動資料線SEG。例如，如果SEG(i)在時隙2j期間由OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙2j+1期間由“半-ON”波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度50%的ON狀態；如果SEG(i+1)在時隙2j期間由“全-ON”波形驅動，接著在時隙2j+1期間由OFF波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j)為亮度100%的ON狀態；如果SEG(i)在時隙2j+2期間由OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙2j+3期間由另一OFF波形驅動，則畫素(i, j+1)為亮度0%的OFF狀態；而如果SEG(i+1)在時隙2j+2期間由“全-ON”波形驅動，接著在時隙2j+3期間由“半-ON”波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j+1)的狀態為ON且具有150%的亮度。Refer to Figures 7a and 7b. According to the fourth embodiment, there is provided a method for realizing a 2-bit 4-level gray-scale image generation method. In this embodiment, each scan line COM(j) is triggered during timeslots 2j and 2j+1. Different from the first embodiment, the ON state driving signal waveform driven to the data line SEG during the odd (or even) time slot has a duty ratio of 50% or has a reduced current value corresponding to 50% pixel brightness. level. This can be considered a "half-ON" (rather than a "full-ON") state. Therefore, during an odd (or even) time slot, the data line SEG can be driven by the signal waveform of the OFF state or the signal waveform of the "half-ON" state, and the signal waveform of the OFF state during the other time slots or " The signal waveform of the all-ON state drives the data line SEG. For example, if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 2j and then by the "half-ON" waveform during time slot 2j+1, the pixel (i, j) is an ON state with a luminance of 50%; If SEG(i+1) is driven by the "full-ON" waveform during time slot 2j and then driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 2j+1, the pixel (i+1, j) is ON with 100% brightness. State; if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 2j+2 and then driven by another OFF waveform during time slot 2j+3, the pixel (i, j+1) is OFF of 0% of luminance State; if SEG(i+1) is driven by the "full-ON" waveform during time slot 2j+2, then by the "half-ON" waveform during time slot 2j+3, then the pixel (i+1) , j+1) is ON and has 150% brightness.
參考第8a圖和第8b圖。根據第五實施方式，提供一種用於實現4位元16級灰階級影像生成方法。在該第五實施方式中，在時隙4j+k期間，k=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7，驅動到資料線SEG的ON狀態驅動信號波形分別具有100%的占空比或對應於100%畫素亮度的未降低的電流電平（“全-ON”），50%的占空比或對應於50%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“半-ON”），25%的占空比或對應於25%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“1/4-ON”），12.5%的的占空比或對應於12.5%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“1/8-ON”），具有100%的占空比或對應於100%畫素亮度的未降低的電流電平（“全-ON”），50%的占空比或對應於50%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“半-ON”），25%的占空比或對應於25%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“1/4-ON”），12.5%的的占空比或對應於12.5%畫素亮度的降低的電流電平（“1/8-ON”）。這提供了16種可能的畫素亮度級別，範圍為從0%到187.5%且增量為12.5%。例如，若SEG(i)在時隙4j期間由OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+1期間由OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+2期間由OFF波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+3期間由“1/8-ON”波形驅動，則畫素(i, j)為亮度12.5%的ON狀態；若SEG(i+1)在時隙4j期間由OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+1期間由OFF波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+2期間由“1/4-ON”波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+3期間由“1/8-ON”波形驅動，則畫素(i+1, j)為亮度37.5%的ON狀態；若SEG(i)在時隙4j+4期間由OFF波形驅動，再在時隙4j+5期間由“半-ON”波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+6期間由“1/4-ON”波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+7期間由“1/8-ON”驅動，則畫素 (i, j+1)為亮度87.5%的ON狀態；而若SEG(i+1)在時隙4j+4期間由“全-ON”波形驅動，再在時隙4j+5期間由“半-ON”波形驅動，接著在時隙4j+6期間由“1/4-ON”波形驅動，之後在時隙4j+7期間由“1/8-ON”波形驅動，則畫素 (i+1, j+1) 為亮度187.5%的ON狀態。Refer to Figures 8a and 8b. According to the fifth embodiment, a method for generating a 4-bit 16-level gray-scale image is provided. In the fifth embodiment, during the time slot 4j+k, k=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, the ON state driving signal waveforms driven to the data line SEG have 100% respectively. Duty cycle or unreduced current level corresponding to 100% pixel brightness ("full-ON"), 50% duty cycle or reduced current level corresponding to 50% pixel brightness ("half- ON"), 25% duty cycle or reduced current level corresponding to 25% pixel brightness ("1/4-ON"), 12.5% duty cycle or corresponding to 12.5% pixel brightness Reduced current level ("1/8-ON") with 100% duty cycle or unreduced current level corresponding to 100% pixel brightness ("full-ON"), 50% duty Ratio or current level corresponding to a reduced 50% pixel brightness ("half-ON"), 25% duty cycle or reduced current level corresponding to 25% pixel brightness ("1/4-ON" "), a duty cycle of 12.5% or a reduced current level ("1/8-ON") corresponding to 12.5% pixel brightness. This provides 16 possible pixel brightness levels ranging from 0% to 187.5% with an increment of 12.5%. For example, if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j, it is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+1, then by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+2, and then at time slot 4j+3. The period is driven by the "1/8-ON" waveform, and the pixel (i, j) is an ON state with a brightness of 12.5%; if SEG(i+1) is driven by the OFF waveform during the time slot 4j, then in the time slot 4j The +1 period is driven by the OFF waveform, then by the "1/4-ON" waveform during time slot 4j+2, and then by the "1/8-ON" waveform during time slot 4j+3, then the pixel ( i+1, j) is an ON state with a brightness of 37.5%; if SEG(i) is driven by the OFF waveform during time slot 4j+4, and then driven by the "half-ON" waveform during time slot 4j+5, then The time slot 4j+6 is driven by the "1/4-ON" waveform, and then driven by "1/8-ON" during the time slot 4j+7, then the pixel (i, j+1) is 87.5% of the luminance. ON state; if SEG(i+1) is driven by the "full-ON" waveform during time slot 4j+4, then by the "half-ON" waveform during time slot 4j+5, then in time slot 4j+ The 6 period is driven by the "1/4-ON" waveform, and then driven by the "1/8-ON" waveform during the time slot 4j+7, then the pixel (i+1, j+1) is the luminance 187. 5% ON state.
參考第9圖。在前述任一實施方式中，灰階影像可能無須佔據PMOLED顯示面板的整個螢幕。可以將螢幕的一部分專用於灰階影像顯示，其餘部分用於單色影像顯示。假設不使用附加的顯示記憶體，由於灰階影像畫素色彩深度（灰階級）資訊需要一定的記憶空間，因此必須在顯示記憶體中保留一部分空間給灰階影像畫素色彩深度資訊。這部分保留的顯示記憶空間不能用於影像顯示，所以PMOLED顯示面板中存在非顯示區域。進一步假設PMOLED顯示面板的解析度為M行×N列；如果灰階影像（GS區域）顯示使用其中的K列，灰階影像的生成使用了T個時隙（T位），則(K * (T – 1)) 列屬於非顯示區域，而(N – (K * T)) 列可用於單色影像顯示。Refer to Figure 9. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the grayscale image may not need to occupy the entire screen of the PMOLED display panel. Part of the screen can be dedicated to grayscale image display, and the rest can be used for monochrome image display. Assuming that no additional display memory is used, since the grayscale image color depth (gray class) information requires a certain memory space, it is necessary to reserve a part of the space in the display memory for the grayscale image pixel color depth information. This part of the reserved display memory space cannot be used for image display, so there is a non-display area in the PMOLED display panel. Further assume that the resolution of the PMOLED display panel is M rows × N columns; if the gray scale image (GS region) display uses the K column therein, and the gray scale image is generated using T time slots (T bits), then (K * (T – 1)) The column belongs to the non-display area, and the (N – (K * T)) column can be used for monochrome image display.
參考第10圖。顯示記憶體中用於記憶灰階影像畫素色彩深度資訊的保留空間部分可以分離為對應於選擇性分佈在整個PMOLED顯示面板中的多個區域的多個部分。從而可以讓觀看者能夠看到完整的、同時顯示有單色影像和灰階影像的PMOLED顯示面板，而不是具有明顯的非顯示區域的縮小版PMOLED顯示面板，造成後者空間縮小的原因在於顯示記憶體用於記憶灰階影像畫素色彩深度的保留空間部分。Refer to Figure 10. The reserved space portion of the display memory for memorizing the grayscale image pixel color depth information may be separated into a plurality of portions corresponding to a plurality of regions selectively distributed throughout the PMOLED display panel. Therefore, the viewer can see the complete PMOLED display panel with both monochrome image and grayscale image displayed, instead of the reduced PMOLED display panel with obvious non-display area, which causes the space to shrink due to display memory. The body is used to memorize the reserved space portion of the grayscale image pixel color depth.
本發明還可用於改進灰階影像顯示驅動器。回顧一下灰階影像顯示驅動器的原理是每條資料線SEG由每條掃描線中表示2 n個亮度的2 n個驅動信號波形圖案之一驅動。在與第11a圖和第11b圖對應的示例性實施方式中，原始未經改進的灰階影像顯示驅動器具有一2位DAC，因此能夠產生0％，33.3％，66.6％和100％亮度的四個畫素灰階級。將本發明的技術應用於該灰階影像顯示驅動器，每個掃描線COM(j) 在每個幀內的多個時隙（T個時隙）中被觸發（在本示例性實施方式中T = 2）。這使得畫素的不同可能灰階級現在取決於每個幀內的多個COM被觸發時隙期間不同的SEG驅動信號波形圖案的總和。從而灰階級的最大數目等於：(Y – 1) * T + 1，其中Y是可生成的原始灰階級數，而T是一掃描線COM在每幀內可以被觸發的時隙的數目。在該示例性實施方式中，Y等於4，而T等於2，因此可以生成在0％，33.3％，66.6％，100％，133.3％ ，166.6％和200％亮度的一共七個灰階級。 The invention can also be used to improve gray scale image display drivers. Recall that the grayscale image display driver is based on the principle that each data line SEG is driven by one of 2 n drive signal waveform patterns representing 2 n brightness in each scan line. In an exemplary embodiment corresponding to Figures 11a and 11b, the original unmodified grayscale image display driver has a 2-bit DAC, thus capable of producing 0%, 33.3%, 66.6%, and 100% brightness of four A picture of the gray class. Applying the technique of the present invention to the gray scale image display driver, each scan line COM(j) is triggered in a plurality of time slots (T time slots) within each frame (in the present exemplary embodiment, T = 2). This allows the different possible gray levels of pixels to now depend on the sum of the different SEG drive signal waveform patterns during multiple COM triggered time slots within each frame. Thus the maximum number of gray levels is equal to: (Y - 1) * T + 1, where Y is the number of original gray levels that can be generated, and T is the number of time slots that a scan line COM can be triggered in each frame. In the exemplary embodiment, Y is equal to 4 and T is equal to 2, so a total of seven gray levels at 0%, 33.3%, 66.6%, 100%, 133.3%, 166.6%, and 200% brightness can be generated.
參見第12a圖和第12b圖。在將本發明應用於灰階影像顯示驅動器的另一個實施例中，每個掃描線COM(j) 在每幀內的兩個時隙中被觸發。其中一個時隙（奇數或偶數）專用於允許每個資料線SEG由代表原始未改進的灰階影像顯示驅動器可產生的2 n個亮度的2 n個驅動信號波形圖案之一驅動。用Y表示原始可產生的灰階級數，與這些奇數或偶數時隙對應的可能的畫素灰階級為：0％，1/(Y-1) * 100%，2/(Y-1) * 100% ...，(Y-1)/(Y-1) * 100%亮度。另一個時隙（偶數或奇數）專用於允許每個資料線SEG由具有縮短的占空比或降低的電流電平（幅度除以因子Y）的2 n個驅動信號波形圖案之一驅動。用Y表示原始可產生的灰階級數，與這些奇數或偶數時隙對應的可能的畫素灰階級為：0％，1/(Y-1)/Y * 100%，2/(Y-1)/Y * 100%，...，(Y-1)/(Y-1)/Y * 100%亮度。這使得畫素的不同可能灰階級現在取決於每個幀內的多個COM觸發時隙期間不同的SEG驅動信號波形圖案的總和，並且灰階級的最大數目等於：Y T，其中Y是可生成的原始灰階級數，而T是一掃描線COM在每幀內可以被觸發的時隙的數目。在本示例性實施方式中，可以產生的原始灰階級數Y等於4，而T等於2，可產生的灰階級的最大數目為16，分別為：0％，8.33％，16.66％，25％，33.33％，41.66％，50％，58.33％，66.66％，75％，83.33％，91.66％，100％，108.33％，116.66％和125％亮度。 See Figures 12a and 12b. In another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a gray scale image display driver, each scan line COM(j) is triggered in two time slots within each frame. One of the time slots (odd or even) is dedicated to allow each data line SEG to be driven by one of 2 n drive signal waveform patterns representing 2 n brightness that can be produced by the original unmodified gray scale image display driver. Y is used to represent the number of gray levels that can be produced originally. The possible pixel gray levels corresponding to these odd or even time slots are: 0%, 1/(Y-1) * 100%, 2/(Y-1) * 100% ..., (Y-1) / (Y-1) * 100% brightness. Another slot (even or odd) is dedicated to allowing each one of the data lines SEG current level by a duty cycle having a shortened or reduced (by a factor of the amplitude Y) of the 2 n drive signals driving waveform pattern. Y is used to represent the number of gray levels that can be generated originally. The possible pixel gray levels corresponding to these odd or even time slots are: 0%, 1/(Y-1)/Y * 100%, 2/(Y-1 ) /Y * 100%,...,(Y-1)/(Y-1)/Y * 100% brightness. This makes the different possible gray levels of pixels now depend on the sum of the different SEG drive signal waveform patterns during multiple COM trigger slots in each frame, and the maximum number of gray levels is equal to: Y T , where Y is generated The original gray level number, and T is the number of time slots that a scan line COM can be triggered in each frame. In the present exemplary embodiment, the original gray level Y that can be generated is equal to 4, and T is equal to 2, and the maximum number of gray levels that can be generated is 16, which are: 0%, 8.33%, 16.66%, 25%, 33.33%, 41.66%, 50%, 58.33%, 66.66%, 75%, 83.33%, 91.66%, 100%, 108.33%, 116.66% and 125% brightness.
雖然上述多相恆電流拓撲的實施方式是應用於OLED光源，但發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者將理解，相同的發明構思可以應用於諸如採用LED光源的應用中。While embodiments of the multi-phase constant current topology described above are applied to OLED light sources, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the same inventive concepts can be applied to applications such as those employing LED light sources.
本文公開的實施方式可以通過使用通用或專用計算設備、電腦處理器或電子電路來實現，包括但不限於數位訊號處理器（DSP）、專用積體電路（ASIC）、現場可程式設計閘陣列 （FPGA）以及根據本申請的教示而配置或程式設計的其他可程式設計邏輯裝置。基於本申請的教示，軟體或電子領域的普通技術人員可以容易地實現在通用或專用計算設備、電腦處理器或可程式設計邏輯裝置中運行的電腦指令或軟體代碼。Embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented using general purpose or special purpose computing devices, computer processors, or electronic circuits, including but not limited to digital signal processors (DSPs), dedicated integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays ( FPGA) and other programmable logic devices configured or programmed in accordance with the teachings of the present application. Based on the teachings of the present application, one of ordinary skill in the software or electronics arts can readily implement computer or software code running in a general purpose or special purpose computing device, computer processor, or programmable logic device.
於一些實施方式中，本發明包括電腦記憶媒介，其中記憶如電腦指令或軟體代碼，可以用於對電腦或微處理器進行程式設計以執行本發明的任何過程。記憶介質包括但不限於ROM、RAM、快閃記憶體設備或適於記憶指令、代碼和/或資料的任何類型的介質或設備。In some embodiments, the invention includes a computer memory medium in which memory, such as computer instructions or software code, can be used to program a computer or microprocessor to perform any of the processes of the present invention. Memory media includes, but is not limited to, ROM, RAM, flash memory devices, or any type of media or device suitable for memorizing instructions, code, and/or material.
本發明已具體實施方式揭示如上，然其所揭示的具體實施方式並非用以限定本發明，任何熟悉此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種更動與潤示，其所供動與潤示階屬本發明之範疇，本發明之保護範圍當視後附之專利申請範圍所界定為主。The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to limit the invention, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is intended to be within the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended patent application.
以下參考圖式更詳細地描述本發明的實施方式，其中：Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
第1a圖是常規PMOLED顯示面板的畫素電路圖；第1b圖是根據典型的信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上相對應的時序圖；1a is a pixel circuit diagram of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 1b is a timing diagram corresponding to a data signal and a scan line of a conventional PMOLED display panel according to a driving signal of a typical signal driving method;
第2a圖是根據傳統的僅單色影像產生信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第2b圖是第2a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；2a is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal according to a conventional monochrome image-only signal generating method on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; and FIG. 2b is a drawing corresponding to a driving signal shown in FIG. 2a. State diagram of prime
第3a圖是根據傳統灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第3b圖是第3a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；Figure 3a is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal according to a conventional gray-scale image generation signal driving method on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; Figure 3b is a pixel corresponding to the driving signal shown in Figure 3a. State diagram;
第4a圖是根據本發明第一實施方式提供的灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第4b圖是第4a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；4A is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal of a gray scale image generation signal driving method according to a first embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 4b is a driving diagram of FIG. 4a a state diagram of the pixel corresponding to the signal;
第5a圖是根據本發明第二實施方式提供的灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第5b圖是第5a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；5A is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal of a gray scale image generation signal driving method according to a second embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 5b is a driving diagram shown in FIG. 5a a state diagram of the pixel corresponding to the signal;
第6a圖是根據本發明第三實施方式提供的灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第6b圖是第6a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；6a is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal of a gray-scale image generation signal driving method according to a third embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 6b is a driving diagram shown in FIG. 6a a state diagram of the pixel corresponding to the signal;
第7a圖是根據本發明第四實施方式提供的灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第7b圖是第7a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；FIG. 7a is an exemplary timing diagram of driving signals of a gray scale image generation signal driving method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 7b is a driving diagram of FIG. 7a a state diagram of the pixel corresponding to the signal;
第8a圖是根據本發明第五實施方式提供的灰階影像生成信號驅動方法的驅動信號在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的示例性時序圖；第8b圖是第8a圖所示驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態圖；8A is an exemplary timing diagram of a driving signal of a gray scale image generation signal driving method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel; FIG. 8b is a driving diagram shown in FIG. 8a a state diagram of the pixel corresponding to the signal;
第9圖是根據本發明各實施方式提供的在單個顯示面板中混合顯示單色和灰階影像的一種示意圖；FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing mixed display of monochrome and grayscale images in a single display panel according to various embodiments of the present invention; FIG.
第10圖是根據本發明各實施方式提供的在單個顯示面板中混合顯示單色和灰階影像的另一種示意圖；FIG. 10 is another schematic diagram of mixing and displaying monochrome and grayscale images in a single display panel according to various embodiments of the present invention; FIG.
第11a圖是根據本發明的一個實施方式提供的適用於2位灰階影像顯示驅動器的灰階影像生成信號驅動方案在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的驅動信號的示例性時序圖；而第11b圖示出了與第11a圖所示的驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態；以及11A is an exemplary timing diagram of driving signals of a grayscale image generation signal driving scheme applied to a 2-bit grayscale image display driver on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention; And FIG. 11b shows the state of the pixel corresponding to the driving signal shown in FIG. 11a;
第12a圖是根據本發明的另一個實施方式提供的適用於2位灰階影像顯示驅動器的灰階影像生成信號驅動方案在常規PMOLED顯示面板的資料線和掃描線上的驅動信號的示例性時序圖；而第12b圖示出了與第12a圖所示的驅動信號相對應的畫素的狀態。FIG. 12a is an exemplary timing diagram of driving signals of a gray-scale image generation signal driving scheme applied to a 2-bit gray-scale image display driver according to another embodiment of the present invention on a data line and a scanning line of a conventional PMOLED display panel. And Fig. 12b shows the state of the pixel corresponding to the drive signal shown in Fig. 12a.
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| TW200419482A (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-10-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | Optoelectronic device, method for driving optoelectronic device and electronic device |
| TW200847115A (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-01 | Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd | Driving apparatus and method thereof for display |
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