TWI381989B - Heating device - Google Patents
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- TWI381989B TWI381989B TW98110294A TW98110294A TWI381989B TW I381989 B TWI381989 B TW I381989B TW 98110294 A TW98110294 A TW 98110294A TW 98110294 A TW98110294 A TW 98110294A TW I381989 B TWI381989 B TW I381989B
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本發明涉及一種加熱器件，尤其涉及一種基於奈米碳管的加熱器件。The present invention relates to a heating device, and more particularly to a carbon nanotube-based heating device.
加熱器件於人們的生產、生活、科研中起著重要的作用，被廣泛應用於真空加熱器、紅外理療儀、電暖器等領域。Heating devices play an important role in people's production, life and scientific research, and are widely used in vacuum heaters, infrared physiotherapy devices, electric heaters and other fields.
2007年4月11日公告的公告號為CN2888786Y的中國大陸專利申請揭示一種加熱器件。請參見圖1，該加熱器件包括一石英支撐盤1，該石英支撐盤1上設置有繞線孔陣列3；一加熱絲4，該加熱絲4按照一定繞線規則穿過繞線孔陣列3繞至石英支撐盤1上；於石英支撐盤1兩端邊緣對稱分佈有兩個接線柱插孔2，加熱絲4端部於插孔2處與兩個電極5相連形成良好的電接觸。然而，該加熱器件中，石英支撐盤1上的加熱絲4相互串聯，故，石英支撐盤1上的複數個加熱單元必須同時工作，無法實現對物體的局部定點加熱。A Chinese patent application published on April 11, 2007, with the publication number CN2888786Y, discloses a heating device. Referring to FIG. 1, the heating device comprises a quartz support disk 1 provided with an array of winding holes 3; a heating wire 4 which passes through the winding hole array 3 according to a certain winding rule. Winding on the quartz support disk 1; two terminal posts 2 are symmetrically distributed on both ends of the quartz support disk 1, and the ends of the heating wires 4 are connected to the two electrodes 5 at the jack 2 to form good electrical contact. However, in the heating device, the heating wires 4 on the quartz supporting disk 1 are connected in series, so that the plurality of heating units on the quartz supporting disk 1 must be operated at the same time, and local fixed-point heating of the object cannot be achieved.
2005年11月17日公開的公開號為US20050252906A1的美國專利申請揭示一種可局部定點加熱的加熱器件。請參見圖2，該加熱器件10包括一基底11；複數個支撐墊12，該複數個支撐墊12設置於基底11上；及複數個加熱單元14，每個加熱單元14對應每個支撐墊12設置於該基底11上。支撐墊12表面塗覆有絕緣材料層13，以使支撐墊12與加熱單元14之間相互絕緣。該複數個加熱單元14通過一導電體網絡16與一控制器(圖未示)電連接。控制器可控制每個加熱單元14獨立工作，故，該加熱器件可實現對物體的局部定點加熱。然而，所述加熱器件10中的加熱單元14通常採用導電陶瓷，導電玻璃或金屬等材料製作。這些材料所製備的加熱單元14的密度較大，故，加熱器件10的重量較重，從而使該加熱器件10應用時難以滿足便攜的要求，其應用範圍受到限制。U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 2,050, 252, 906, issued to A.S. Referring to FIG. 2, the heating device 10 includes a substrate 11; a plurality of support pads 12 disposed on the substrate 11; and a plurality of heating units 14, each corresponding to each of the support pads 12. It is disposed on the substrate 11. The surface of the support pad 12 is coated with a layer 13 of insulating material to insulate the support pad 12 from the heating unit 14 from each other. The plurality of heating units 14 are electrically coupled to a controller (not shown) via a conductor network 16. The controller can control each heating unit 14 to operate independently, so that the heating device can achieve local fixed point heating of the object. However, the heating unit 14 in the heating device 10 is usually made of a material such as conductive ceramic, conductive glass or metal. The heating unit 14 prepared by these materials has a relatively high density, so that the weight of the heating device 10 is heavy, so that the heating device 10 is difficult to meet the portable requirements when applied, and its application range is limited.
有鑒於此，確有必要提供一種重量較輕，應用範圍廣泛的加熱器件。In view of this, it is indeed necessary to provide a heating device that is light in weight and has a wide range of applications.
一種加熱器件，其包括：一絕緣基底；複數個分別平行且等間隔設置於絕緣基底上且相互交叉設置的行電極與列電極，複數個由所述每兩個相鄰行電極與每兩個相鄰列電極相互交叉設置而形成的網格，及複數個分別對應設置於網格中的加熱單元。所述行電極與列電極之間電絕緣。每個加熱單元進一步包括間隔設置的一第二電極與一第一電極，及一加熱元件，該第一電極和第二電極分別與上述行電極與列電極電連接。該加熱元件包括一奈米碳管結構，且與第二電極電連接，並與第一電極間隔設置。A heating device comprising: an insulating substrate; a plurality of row and column electrodes respectively disposed in parallel and equally spaced on the insulating substrate and interdigitated with each other, the plurality of each of the two adjacent row electrodes and each of the two A grid formed by intersecting adjacent column electrodes, and a plurality of heating units respectively disposed in the grid. The row electrode and the column electrode are electrically insulated. Each of the heating units further includes a second electrode and a first electrode disposed at intervals, and a heating element, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the row electrode and the column electrode, respectively. The heating element includes a carbon nanotube structure and is electrically connected to the second electrode and spaced apart from the first electrode.
相較於先前技術，所述的加熱器件中的加熱元件採用奈米碳管結構，奈米碳管結構的密度較小，故，該加熱器件具有較輕的重量，可廣泛應用於各種領域。Compared with the prior art, the heating element in the heating device adopts a carbon nanotube structure, and the density of the carbon nanotube structure is small. Therefore, the heating device has a light weight and can be widely applied to various fields.
以下將結合附圖對本發明的加熱器件作進一步的詳細說明。The heating device of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
請參閱圖3及圖4，本發明第一實施例提供一種加熱器件20，其包括一絕緣基底202，複數個行電極204、複數個列電極206及複數個加熱單元220。所述複數個行電極204與複數個列電極206設置於該絕緣基底202上，並可相互平行間隔設置。每兩個相鄰的行電極204與兩個相鄰的列電極206形成一網格214，且每個網格214定位一個加熱單元220，即加熱單元220與網格214一一對應。Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , a first embodiment of the present invention provides a heating device 20 including an insulating substrate 202 , a plurality of row electrodes 204 , a plurality of column electrodes 206 , and a plurality of heating units 220 . The plurality of row electrodes 204 and the plurality of column electrodes 206 are disposed on the insulating substrate 202 and may be disposed in parallel with each other. Each two adjacent row electrodes 204 and two adjacent column electrodes 206 form a grid 214, and each grid 214 is positioned with a heating unit 220, that is, the heating unit 220 has a one-to-one correspondence with the grid 214.
所述的絕緣基底202為一絕緣基板，如陶瓷基板、玻璃基板、樹脂基板及石英基板等中的一種或多種。所述絕緣基底202的大小與厚度不限，本領域技術人員可根據實際需要，如根據加熱器件20的預定大小，設置絕緣基底202的尺寸。本實施例中，所述絕緣基底202優選為一石英基板，其厚度約1毫米，邊長為48毫米。The insulating substrate 202 is an insulating substrate, such as one or more of a ceramic substrate, a glass substrate, a resin substrate, and a quartz substrate. The size and thickness of the insulating substrate 202 are not limited, and those skilled in the art can set the size of the insulating substrate 202 according to actual needs, such as according to a predetermined size of the heating device 20. In this embodiment, the insulating substrate 202 is preferably a quartz substrate having a thickness of about 1 mm and a side length of 48 mm.
所述複數個行電極204與複數個列電極206相互交叉設置，而且，於行電極204與列電極206交叉處設置有一介質絕緣層216，該介質絕緣層216可確保行電極204與列電極206之間電絕緣，以防止短路。複數個行電極204或列電極206之間可等間距設置，也可不等間距設置。優選地，複數個行電極204或列電極206之間等間距設置。所述行電極204與列電極206為導電材料或塗有導電材料層的絕緣材料。本實施例中，該複數個行電極204與複數個列電極206優選為採用導電漿料印製的平面導電體，且該複數個行電極204的行間距為50微米~2厘米，複數個列電極206的列間距為50微米~2厘米。該行電極204與列電極206的寬度為30微米~100微米，厚度為10微米~50微米。該行電極204與列電極206的交叉角度為10度到90度，優選為90度。所述行電極204與列電極206可通過絲網列印法將導電漿料印製於絕緣基底202上製備。該導電漿料的成分包括金屬粉、低熔點玻璃粉和黏結劑。其中，該金屬粉優選為銀粉，該黏結劑優選為松油醇或乙基纖維素。該導電漿料中，金屬粉的重量比為50%~90%，低熔點玻璃粉的重量比為2%~10%，黏結劑的重量比為8%~40%。The plurality of row electrodes 204 and the plurality of column electrodes 206 are disposed to intersect each other, and a dielectric insulating layer 216 is disposed at the intersection of the row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206. The dielectric insulating layer 216 can ensure the row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206. Electrically insulated to prevent short circuits. The plurality of row electrodes 204 or the column electrodes 206 may be disposed at equal intervals or may be disposed at unequal intervals. Preferably, a plurality of row electrodes 204 or column electrodes 206 are equally spaced apart. The row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206 are electrically conductive materials or insulating materials coated with a layer of a conductive material. In this embodiment, the plurality of row electrodes 204 and the plurality of column electrodes 206 are preferably planar conductors printed with a conductive paste, and the plurality of row electrodes 204 have a line spacing of 50 micrometers to 2 centimeters, and a plurality of columns. The column spacing of the electrodes 206 is 50 microns to 2 cm. The row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206 have a width of 30 micrometers to 100 micrometers and a thickness of 10 micrometers to 50 micrometers. The intersection angle of the row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206 is 10 to 90 degrees, preferably 90 degrees. The row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206 can be prepared by printing a conductive paste on the insulating substrate 202 by screen printing. The composition of the conductive paste includes metal powder, low melting point glass powder, and a binder. Among them, the metal powder is preferably silver powder, and the binder is preferably terpineol or ethyl cellulose. In the conductive paste, the weight ratio of the metal powder is 50% to 90%, the weight ratio of the low-melting glass powder is 2% to 10%, and the weight ratio of the binder is 8% to 40%.
所述複數個加熱單元220分別一一對應設置於上述複數個網格214中。每個加熱單元220包括一第一電極210，一第二電極212，及一加熱元件208。該第一電極210與第二電極212對應且絕緣間隔設置。每個網格214內的第一電極210和第二電極212之間的距離不限，優選地為10微米~2厘米。該加熱元件208設置於第一電極210與第二電極212之間，且，分別與第一電極210及第二電極212電連接。該加熱元件208與絕緣基底202間隔設置，以免該加熱元件202發出的熱量被絕緣基底202吸收，影響加熱元件208的熱回應速度。加熱元件208與絕緣基底202之間的距離不限，優選地，加熱元件208與絕緣基底202之間的距離為10微米~2厘米。本實施例中，同一行的加熱單元220中的第一電極210與同一行電極204電連接，同一列的加熱單元220中的第二電極212與同一列電極206電連接，加熱元件208與絕緣基底202之間的距離為1毫米。The plurality of heating units 220 are respectively disposed in the plurality of grids 214 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each heating unit 220 includes a first electrode 210, a second electrode 212, and a heating element 208. The first electrode 210 is corresponding to the second electrode 212 and is disposed at an insulating interval. The distance between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 in each of the grids 214 is not limited, and is preferably 10 micrometers to 2 centimeters. The heating element 208 is disposed between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 and electrically connected to the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212, respectively. The heating element 208 is spaced from the insulating substrate 202 to prevent heat generated by the heating element 202 from being absorbed by the insulating substrate 202, affecting the thermal response speed of the heating element 208. The distance between the heating element 208 and the insulating substrate 202 is not limited. Preferably, the distance between the heating element 208 and the insulating substrate 202 is 10 micrometers to 2 centimeters. In this embodiment, the first electrode 210 in the heating unit 220 of the same row is electrically connected to the same row electrode 204, and the second electrode 212 in the heating unit 220 of the same row is electrically connected to the same column electrode 206, and the heating element 208 is insulated. The distance between the substrates 202 is 1 mm.
所述第二電極212與第一電極210為導電體，如金屬層等。該第一電極210可為行電極204的延伸部分，該第二電極212可為列電極206的延伸部分。第一電極210和行電極204可一體成型，第二電極212和列電極206也可一體成型。本實施例中，該第一電極210與第二電極212均為平面導電體，其尺寸由網格214的尺寸決定。該第一電極210直接與行電極204電連接，該第二電極212直接與列電極206電連接。所述第一電極210與第二電極212的長度為20微米~1.5厘米，寬度為30微米~1厘米，厚度為10微米~500微米。優選地，所述第二電極212與第一電極210的長度為100微米~700微米，寬度為50微米~500微米，厚度為20微米~100微米。本實施例中，該第一電極210與第二電極212的材料為導電漿料，通過絲網印刷法印製於絕緣基底202上。該導電漿料的成分與上述電極所用的導電漿料的成分相同。The second electrode 212 and the first electrode 210 are electrical conductors, such as a metal layer or the like. The first electrode 210 can be an extension of the row electrode 204, and the second electrode 212 can be an extension of the column electrode 206. The first electrode 210 and the row electrode 204 may be integrally formed, and the second electrode 212 and the column electrode 206 may also be integrally formed. In this embodiment, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 are both planar conductors, and the size thereof is determined by the size of the grid 214. The first electrode 210 is directly electrically connected to the row electrode 204, and the second electrode 212 is directly electrically connected to the column electrode 206. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 have a length of 20 micrometers to 1.5 centimeters, a width of 30 micrometers to 1 centimeter, and a thickness of 10 micrometers to 500 micrometers. Preferably, the second electrode 212 and the first electrode 210 have a length of 100 micrometers to 700 micrometers, a width of 50 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and a thickness of 20 micrometers to 100 micrometers. In this embodiment, the material of the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 is a conductive paste, which is printed on the insulating substrate 202 by screen printing. The composition of the conductive paste is the same as the composition of the conductive paste used for the above electrode.
所述加熱元件208包括一奈米碳管結構。該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構。所謂“自支撐結構”即該奈米碳管結構無需通過一支撐體支撐，也能保持自身特定的形狀。該自支撐結構的奈米碳管結構包括複數個奈米碳管，該複數個奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，從而使奈米碳管結構具有特定的形狀。所述奈米碳管結構中的奈米碳管包括單壁奈米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管及多壁奈米碳管中的一種或多種。所述單壁奈米碳管的直徑為0.5奈米~50奈米，所述雙壁奈米碳管的直徑為1.0奈米~50奈米，所述多壁奈米碳管的直徑為1.5奈米~50奈米。該奈米碳管結構為層狀或線狀結構。由於該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構，不通過支撐體支撐時仍可保持層狀或線狀結構。該奈米碳管結構中奈米碳管之間具有大量間隙，從而使該奈米碳管結構具有大量微孔。所述奈米碳管結構的單位面積熱容小於2×10-4 焦耳每平方厘米開爾文。優選地，所述奈米碳管結構的單位面積熱容可小於或等於1.7×10-6 焦耳每平方厘米開爾文。由於奈米碳管的熱容較小，故，由該奈米碳管結構構成的加熱元件208具有較快的熱回應速度，可用於對物體進行快速加熱。The heating element 208 includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure. The so-called "self-supporting structure" means that the carbon nanotube structure can maintain its own specific shape without being supported by a support. The self-supporting structure of the carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, so that the carbon nanotube structure has a specific shape. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure include one or more of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube. The single-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 0.5 nm to 50 nm, the double-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 1.0 nm to 50 nm, and the multi-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 1.5. Nano ~ 50 nm. The carbon nanotube structure is a layered or linear structure. Since the carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure, the layered or linear structure can be maintained without being supported by the support. There is a large amount of gap between the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure, so that the carbon nanotube structure has a large number of micropores. The carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than 2 x 10 -4 joules per square centimeter Kelvin. Preferably, the carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than or equal to 1.7 x 10 -6 joules per square centimeter Kelvin. Since the heat capacity of the carbon nanotube is small, the heating element 208 composed of the carbon nanotube structure has a relatively fast thermal response speed and can be used for rapid heating of an object.
所述奈米碳管結構包括至少一奈米碳管膜、至少一奈米碳管線狀結構或其組合。所述奈米碳管膜包括複數個均勻分佈的奈米碳管。該奈米碳管膜中的奈米碳管有序排列或無序排列。有序排列指奈米碳管膜中的大多數奈米碳管沿一個或多個方向擇優取向排列。無序排列指奈米碳管膜中的奈米碳管相互纏繞或雜亂排列。當奈米碳管膜包括無序排列的奈米碳管時，奈米碳管相互纏繞；當奈米碳管膜包括有序排列的奈米碳管時，奈米碳管沿一個方向或者複數個方向擇優取向排列。當奈米碳管結構包括複數個奈米碳管基本沿同一方向有序排列時，該複數個奈米碳管從第一電極向第二電極延伸。具體地，該奈米碳管膜可包括奈米碳管絮化膜、奈米碳管碾壓膜或奈米碳管拉膜。該奈米碳管線狀結構包括至少一非扭轉的奈米碳管線、至少一扭轉的奈米碳管線或其組合。當所述奈米碳管線狀結構包括多根非扭轉的奈米碳管線或扭轉的奈米碳管線時，該非扭轉的奈米碳管線或扭轉的奈米碳管線可相互平行呈一束狀結構，或相互扭轉呈一絞線結構。The carbon nanotube structure comprises at least one carbon nanotube membrane, at least one nanocarbon line-like structure, or a combination thereof. The carbon nanotube membrane comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are ordered or disorderly arranged. The ordered arrangement means that most of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are arranged in a preferred orientation in one or more directions. The disordered arrangement means that the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are intertwined or disorderly arranged. When the carbon nanotube membrane comprises a disorderly arranged carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotubes are intertwined; when the carbon nanotube membrane comprises an ordered arrangement of carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are in one direction or plural The direction is preferred. When the carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged substantially in the same direction, the plurality of carbon nanotubes extend from the first electrode to the second electrode. Specifically, the carbon nanotube film may include a carbon nanotube film, a carbon nanotube film or a carbon nanotube film. The nanocarbon line-like structure includes at least one non-twisted nanocarbon line, at least one twisted nanocarbon line, or a combination thereof. When the nanocarbon line-like structure comprises a plurality of non-twisted nano carbon pipelines or twisted nanocarbon pipelines, the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline or the twisted nanocarbon pipeline may be parallel to each other in a bundle structure. , or twisted to each other in a twisted line structure.
請參閱圖5及圖6，具體地，該奈米碳管拉膜包括複數個連續且定向排列的奈米碳管片段143。該複數個奈米碳管片段143通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連。每一奈米碳管片段143包括複數個相互平行的奈米碳管145，該複數個相互平行的奈米碳管145通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合。該奈米碳管片段143具有任意的寬度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。該奈米碳管拉膜中的奈米碳管145沿同一方向擇優取向排列。可理解，由複數個奈米碳管拉膜組成的奈米碳管結構中，相鄰兩個奈米碳管拉膜中的奈米碳管的排列方向有一夾角α，且，從而使相鄰兩層奈米碳管拉膜中的奈米碳管相互交叉組成一網狀結構，該網狀結構包括複數個微孔，該複數個微孔均勻且規則分佈於奈米碳管結構中，其中，該微孔直徑為1奈米~0.5微米。所述奈米碳管拉膜的厚度為0.01微米~100微米。所述奈米碳管拉膜可通過拉取一奈米碳管陣列直接獲得。所述奈米碳管拉膜的結構及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於2007年2月9日申請的，於2008年8月13公開的第CN101239712A號中國大陸公開專利申請“碳納米管結構及其製備方法”。Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, in particular, the carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of continuous and aligned carbon nanotube segments 143. The plurality of carbon nanotube segments 143 are connected end to end by Van der Waals force. Each of the carbon nanotube segments 143 includes a plurality of mutually parallel carbon nanotubes 145 that are tightly coupled by van der Waals forces. The carbon nanotube segment 143 has any width, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The carbon nanotubes 145 in the carbon nanotube film are arranged in a preferred orientation in the same direction. It can be understood that in the nano carbon tube structure composed of a plurality of carbon nanotube film, the arrangement of the carbon nanotubes in the adjacent two carbon nanotube films has an angle α, and So that the carbon nanotubes in the adjacent two layers of carbon nanotubes are intersected to form a network structure, the network structure comprising a plurality of micropores, the plurality of micropores being uniformly and regularly distributed in the nanocarbon In the tube structure, the micropore has a diameter of from 1 nm to 0.5 μm. The carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 0.01 μm to 100 μm. The carbon nanotube film can be directly obtained by pulling an array of carbon nanotubes. The structure of the carbon nanotube film and the preparation method thereof are described in the Chinese Patent Application No. CN101239712A, published on Feb. 9, 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. And its preparation method".
所述奈米碳管碾壓膜包括均勻分佈的奈米碳管。奈米碳管可沿同一方向擇優取向排列，也可沿不同方向擇優取向排列。優選地，所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中的奈米碳管平行於奈米碳管碾壓膜的表面。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中的奈米碳管相互交疊，且通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，緊密結合，使得該奈米碳管碾壓膜具有很好的柔韌性，可彎曲折疊成任意形狀而不破裂。且由於奈米碳管碾壓膜中的奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，緊密結合，使奈米碳管碾壓膜為一自支撐的結構，可無需基底支撐。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜可通過碾壓一奈米碳管陣列獲得。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中的奈米碳管與形成奈米碳管陣列的基底的表面形成一夾角α，其中，α大於等於0度且小於等於15度()，該夾角α與施加於奈米碳管陣列上的壓力有關，壓力越大，該夾角越小。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜的長度和寬度不限。所述碾壓膜包括複數個微孔結構，該微孔結構均勻且規則分佈於奈米碳管碾壓膜中，其中微孔直徑為1奈米~0.5微米。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於2007年6月1日申請的，於2008年12月3日公開的第CN101314464A號中國大陸專利申請“碳納米管薄膜的製備方法”。The carbon nanotube rolled film includes a uniformly distributed carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotubes can be arranged in the same direction, or can be arranged in different directions. Preferably, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film are parallel to the surface of the carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film overlap each other and are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, and the carbon nanotubes have good flexibility and bendable folding. In any shape without breaking. Moreover, since the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, the carbon nanotube film is a self-supporting structure, and the substrate support is not required. The carbon nanotube rolled film can be obtained by rolling an array of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film form an angle α with the surface of the substrate forming the carbon nanotube array, wherein α is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees ( The angle α is related to the pressure applied to the array of carbon nanotubes, and the larger the pressure, the smaller the angle. The length and width of the carbon nanotube rolled film are not limited. The laminated film comprises a plurality of microporous structures uniformly and regularly distributed in a carbon nanotube rolled film, wherein the micropores have a diameter of from 1 nm to 0.5 μm. The carbon nanotube film and the preparation method thereof are described in the Chinese Patent Application No. CN101314464A, published on Jun. 3, 2007, by Fan Shoushan et al. Preparation".
所述奈米碳管絮化膜的長度、寬度和厚度不限，可根據實際需要選擇。本發明實施例提供的奈米碳管絮化膜的長度為1~10厘米，寬度為1~10厘米，厚度為1微米~2毫米。所述奈米碳管絮化膜包括相互纏繞的奈米碳管，奈米碳管的長度大於10微米。所述奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引、纏繞，形成網絡狀結構。所述奈米碳管絮化膜中的奈米碳管均勻分佈，無規則排列，使該奈米碳管絮化膜各向同性，所述奈米碳管絮化膜中的奈米碳管之間形成大量的微孔，微孔孔徑為1奈米~0.5微米。所述奈米碳管絮化膜及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於2007年4月13日申請的，於2008年10月15日公開的第CN101284662A號中國大陸專利申請“碳納米管薄膜的製備方法”。The length, width and thickness of the carbon nanotube film are not limited and can be selected according to actual needs. The carbon nanotube flocculation film provided by the embodiment of the invention has a length of 1 to 10 cm, a width of 1 to 10 cm, and a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. The carbon nanotube flocculation membrane comprises intertwined carbon nanotubes having a length greater than 10 microns. The carbon nanotubes are attracted and entangled by van der Waals forces to form a network structure. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane are uniformly distributed and arranged irregularly, so that the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is isotropic, and the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane are isotactic. A large number of micropores are formed between them, and the pore diameter of the micropores is from 1 nm to 0.5 μm. The carbon nanotube film of the carbon nanotube film is disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application No. CN101284662A, filed on Oct. 15, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preparation".
請參閱圖7，該非扭轉的奈米碳管線包括複數個沿該非扭轉的奈米碳管線長度方向排列的奈米碳管。具體地，該非扭轉的奈米碳管線包括複數個奈米碳管片段，該複數個奈米碳管片段通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連，每一奈米碳管片段包括複數個相互平行並通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合的奈米碳管。該奈米碳管片段具有任意的長度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。該非扭轉的奈米碳管線長度不限，直徑為0.5奈米~100微米。非扭轉的奈米碳管線為將奈米碳管拉膜通過有機溶劑處理得到。具體地，將有機溶劑浸潤所述奈米碳管拉膜的整個表面，於揮發性有機溶劑揮發時產生的表面張力的作用下，奈米碳管拉膜中的相互平行的複數個奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合，從而使奈米碳管拉膜收縮為一非扭轉的奈米碳管線。該有機溶劑為揮發性有機溶劑，如乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二氯乙烷或氯仿，本實施例中採用乙醇。通過有機溶劑處理的非扭轉的奈米碳管線與未經有機溶劑處理的奈米碳管膜相比，比表面積減小，黏性降低。Referring to FIG. 7, the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged along the length direction of the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline. Specifically, the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments, and the plurality of carbon nanotube segments are connected end to end by Van der Waals force, and each of the carbon nanotube segments includes a plurality of parallel and pass through each other Deval's tightly integrated carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube segments have any length, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The non-twisted nano carbon line is not limited in length and has a diameter of 0.5 nm to 100 μm. The non-twisted nano carbon pipeline is obtained by treating the carbon nanotube film with an organic solvent. Specifically, the organic solvent is used to impregnate the entire surface of the carbon nanotube film, and under the action of the surface tension generated by the volatilization of the volatile organic solvent, the plurality of nanocarbons parallel to each other in the carbon nanotube film are drawn. The tube is tightly bonded by van der Waals force, thereby shrinking the carbon nanotube film into a non-twisted nano carbon line. The organic solvent is a volatile organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane or chloroform, and ethanol is used in this embodiment. The non-twisted nanocarbon line treated by the organic solvent has a smaller specific surface area and a lower viscosity than the carbon nanotube film which is not treated with the organic solvent.
所述扭轉的奈米碳管線為採用一機械力將所述奈米碳管拉膜兩端沿相反方向扭轉獲得。請參閱圖8，該扭轉的奈米碳管線包括複數個繞該扭轉的奈米碳管線軸向螺旋排列的奈米碳管。具體地，該扭轉的奈米碳管線包括複數個奈米碳管片段，該複數個奈米碳管片段通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連，每一奈米碳管片段包括複數個相互平行並通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合的奈米碳管。該奈米碳管片段具有任意的長度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。該扭轉的奈米碳管線長度不限，直徑為0.5奈米~100微米。進一步地，可採用一揮發性有機溶劑處理該扭轉的奈米碳管線。於揮發性有機溶劑揮發時產生的表面張力的作用下，處理後的扭轉的奈米碳管線中相鄰的奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合，使扭轉的奈米碳管線的比表面積減小，密度及強度增大。The twisted nanocarbon pipeline is obtained by twisting both ends of the carbon nanotube film in the opposite direction by a mechanical force. Referring to FIG. 8, the twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes axially arranged around the twisted nanocarbon pipeline. Specifically, the twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments, and the plurality of carbon nanotube segments are connected end to end by Van der Waals force, and each of the carbon nanotube segments includes a plurality of parallel and pass through each other Deval's tightly integrated carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube segments have any length, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The twisted nanocarbon line is not limited in length and has a diameter of 0.5 nm to 100 μm. Further, the twisted nanocarbon line can be treated with a volatile organic solvent. Under the action of the surface tension generated by the volatilization of the volatile organic solvent, the adjacent carbon nanotubes in the treated twisted nanocarbon pipeline are tightly bonded by the van der Waals force, so that the specific surface area of the twisted nanocarbon pipeline Decrease, increase in density and strength.
所述奈米碳管線狀結構及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於2002年9月16日申請的，於2008年8月20日公告的第CN100411979C號中國大陸公告專利“一種碳納米管繩及其製造方法”，及於2005年12月16日申請的，於2007年6月20日公開的第CN1982209A號中國大陸公開專利申請“碳納米管絲及其製作方法”。The nano carbon line-like structure and the preparation method thereof are described in the patent application of the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN100411979C, published on September 16, 2008, by Fan Shoushan et al. The manufacturing method thereof, and the Chinese Patent Application No. CN1982209A, published on Dec. 16, 2005, issued on Jun. 20, 2007, the "carbon nanotube wire and its production method".
所述加熱元件208還可包括一奈米碳管複合結構。所述奈米碳管複合結構包括一奈米碳管結構及分散於奈米碳管結構中的填充材料。所述填充材料填充於奈米碳管結構中的微孔中或複合於奈米碳管結構的表面。所述填充材料包括金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、玻璃及纖維中的一種或多種。可選擇地，所述奈米碳管複合結構可包括一基體及一奈米碳管結構複合於該基體中。所述基體的材料包括金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、玻璃及纖維中的一種或多種。所述基體將奈米碳管結構完全包覆，且該基體至少部分浸潤於該奈米碳管結構中。The heating element 208 can also include a carbon nanotube composite structure. The carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube structure and a filler material dispersed in the carbon nanotube structure. The filler material is filled in the micropores in the carbon nanotube structure or on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure. The filler material includes one or more of a metal, a resin, a ceramic, a glass, and a fiber. Alternatively, the carbon nanotube composite structure may include a matrix and a carbon nanotube structure composited in the matrix. The material of the substrate includes one or more of metal, resin, ceramic, glass, and fiber. The substrate completely encapsulates the carbon nanotube structure and the substrate is at least partially infiltrated into the carbon nanotube structure.
由於加熱元件208主要由奈米碳管構成，奈米碳管具有較高的電熱轉換效率及較高的熱輻射效率，故，該加熱元件208電熱轉換效率及熱輻射效率較高。Since the heating element 208 is mainly composed of a carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotube has high electrothermal conversion efficiency and high heat radiation efficiency, so the heating element 208 has high electrothermal conversion efficiency and heat radiation efficiency.
所述加熱單元220進一步包括複數個固定電極224設置於第一電極210與第二電極212上。該固定電極224與第一電極210或第二電極212一一對應。優選地，該固定電極224形狀、大小及材料與第一電極210與第二電極212的形狀、大小及材料相同。該固定電極224可確保將加熱元件208更牢固地固定於第一電極210與第二電極212上。The heating unit 220 further includes a plurality of fixed electrodes 224 disposed on the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212. The fixed electrode 224 is in one-to-one correspondence with the first electrode 210 or the second electrode 212. Preferably, the shape, size and material of the fixed electrode 224 are the same as the shape, size and material of the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212. The fixed electrode 224 ensures that the heating element 208 is more securely attached to the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212.
本實施例中，於邊長為48毫米的絕緣基底202上製備16×16個加熱單元220。請參見圖9和圖10，每個加熱單元220中的加熱元件208為一奈米碳管拉膜，且每個奈米碳管拉膜的長度為300微米，寬度為100微米。該奈米碳管拉膜中的奈米碳管首尾相連，且從第一電極210向二電極212延伸。該奈米碳管拉膜可通過自身的黏性固定於第一電極210與第二電極212上，或通過一導電黏結劑固定於第一電極210與第二電極212上。In the present embodiment, 16 x 16 heating units 220 are prepared on an insulating substrate 202 having a side length of 48 mm. Referring to Figures 9 and 10, the heating element 208 in each heating unit 220 is a carbon nanotube drawn film, and each of the carbon nanotube drawn films has a length of 300 microns and a width of 100 microns. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are connected end to end and extend from the first electrode 210 to the second electrode 212. The carbon nanotube film can be fixed on the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 by its own adhesiveness, or can be fixed on the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 through a conductive adhesive.
進一步，所述加熱器件20可包括一反射層(圖未示)設置於絕緣基底202靠近加熱元件208的表面。所述反射層的材料為一白色絕緣材料，如：金屬氧化物、金屬鹽及陶瓷等中的一種或多種。本實施例中，所述反射層的材料優選為三氧化二鋁，其厚度為100微米~0.5毫米。該反射層可通過物理氣相沈積法或化學氣相沈積法等方法製備。所述物理氣相沈積法包括濺射或蒸鍍等。本實施例中，通過濺射的方法沈積三氧化二鋁於該絕緣基底202表面。所述反射層用來反射所述加熱元件208所發的熱量，從而控制加熱的方向，用於單面加熱，並進一步提高加熱的效率Further, the heating device 20 may include a reflective layer (not shown) disposed on the surface of the insulating substrate 202 adjacent to the heating element 208. The material of the reflective layer is a white insulating material such as one or more of a metal oxide, a metal salt, and a ceramic. In this embodiment, the material of the reflective layer is preferably aluminum oxide, and the thickness thereof is 100 micrometers to 0.5 millimeters. The reflective layer can be prepared by a method such as physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. The physical vapor deposition method includes sputtering or evaporation, and the like. In this embodiment, aluminum oxide is deposited on the surface of the insulating substrate 202 by sputtering. The reflective layer is used to reflect the heat generated by the heating element 208, thereby controlling the direction of heating, for single-sided heating, and further improving the heating efficiency.
進一步，所述加熱器件20還可包括一絕緣保護層(圖未示)設置於絕緣基底202上以覆蓋所述行電極204，列電極206、第一電極210與第二電極212及加熱元件208。所述絕緣保護層的材料為一絕緣材料，如：橡膠、樹脂等。所述絕緣保護層厚度不限，可根據實際情況選擇。本實施例中，該絕緣保護層的材料採用樹脂，其厚度為0.5毫米~2毫米。該絕緣保護層可通過塗敷或沈積的方法形成於絕緣基底202上。所述絕緣保護層用來防止該加熱器件20使用時與外界形成電接觸，同時還可防止加熱元件208中的奈米碳管結構吸附外界雜質。Further, the heating device 20 may further include an insulating protective layer (not shown) disposed on the insulating substrate 202 to cover the row electrode 204, the column electrode 206, the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212, and the heating element 208. . The material of the insulating protective layer is an insulating material such as rubber, resin or the like. The thickness of the insulating protective layer is not limited and can be selected according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, the insulating protective layer is made of a resin having a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The insulating protective layer may be formed on the insulating substrate 202 by a coating or deposition method. The insulating protective layer serves to prevent the heating device 20 from making electrical contact with the outside when in use, and also prevents the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 208 from adsorbing foreign impurities.
所述加熱器件20的使用時，可進一步包括一驅動電路，通過驅動電路可選擇性地對行電極204和列電極206通入電流，使與該行電極204和列電極206電連接的加熱單元220工作，即可實現加熱器件20的局部加熱，可控加熱。The heating device 20 can further include a driving circuit, and a driving unit can selectively apply current to the row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206 to electrically connect the row electrode 204 and the column electrode 206. 220 working, can achieve local heating of the heating device 20, controllable heating.
請參見圖11，本實施例中的加熱元件208具有較高的加熱效率，當電流為100毫安培時，加熱元件208的溫度可達到1600K。請參見圖12，加熱元件208的熱回應速度較快，可快速的升降溫。Referring to Figure 11, the heating element 208 of this embodiment has a higher heating efficiency. When the current is 100 milliamps, the temperature of the heating element 208 can reach 1600K. Referring to FIG. 12, the heating element 208 has a faster thermal response speed and can be rapidly warmed up and down.
請參閱圖13及14，本發明第二實施例提供一種加熱器件30。該加熱器件30包括一絕緣基底302，複數個行電極304與複數個列電極306及複數個加熱單元320。每個加熱單元320包括一第一電極310、一第二電極312及一加熱元件308。該加熱器件30與本發明第一實施例提供的加熱器件20結構基本相同，其區別在於，該加熱器件30中的加熱元件308直接設置於絕緣基底302上。所述加熱元件308可為本發明第一實施例提供的奈米碳管結構。由於奈米碳管結構直接設置於絕緣基底302上，故，使用時不易被破壞。可理解，本實施例中，由於加熱元件308直接設置於絕緣基底302上，該加熱元件308還可為通過絲網列印等方法形成的奈米碳管層，該奈米碳管層無需為自支撐結構，可包括複數個奈米碳管無序分佈。Referring to Figures 13 and 14, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a heating device 30. The heating device 30 includes an insulating substrate 302, a plurality of row electrodes 304 and a plurality of column electrodes 306 and a plurality of heating units 320. Each heating unit 320 includes a first electrode 310, a second electrode 312, and a heating element 308. The heating device 30 is substantially identical in structure to the heating device 20 provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the heating element 308 in the heating device 30 is disposed directly on the insulating substrate 302. The heating element 308 can be the carbon nanotube structure provided by the first embodiment of the present invention. Since the carbon nanotube structure is directly disposed on the insulating substrate 302, it is not easily broken during use. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, since the heating element 308 is directly disposed on the insulating substrate 302, the heating element 308 can also be a carbon nanotube layer formed by a method such as screen printing, and the carbon nanotube layer need not be The self-supporting structure may include a plurality of carbon nanotubes disorderly distributed.
該加熱器件使用時，利用其熱輻射進行加熱。該加熱器件中具有以下優點：第一，奈米碳管結構具有較高的電熱轉換效率及比較高的熱輻射效率，故，該加熱器件的電熱轉換效及熱輻射效率較高。第二，由於奈米碳管結構的熱容較小，故，該加熱元件具有較快的熱回應速度，可實現有效地局部加熱。第三，由於奈米碳管的密度較小，使該加熱器件的重量較輕，便於攜帶，可廣泛應用於各種領域。該加熱器件可應用於電加熱器、紅外治療儀、電暖器，真空加熱設備等領域。When the heating device is used, it is heated by its heat radiation. The heating device has the following advantages: First, the carbon nanotube structure has high electrothermal conversion efficiency and relatively high heat radiation efficiency, so the electrothermal conversion efficiency and heat radiation efficiency of the heating device are high. Second, since the heat capacity of the carbon nanotube structure is small, the heating element has a relatively fast thermal response speed, enabling efficient local heating. Third, since the density of the carbon nanotubes is small, the heating device is light in weight and easy to carry, and can be widely used in various fields. The heating device can be applied to the fields of electric heaters, infrared therapeutic devices, electric heaters, vacuum heating devices and the like.
綜上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡熟悉本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, and has filed a patent application according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Equivalent modifications or variations made by persons skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
20,30．．．加熱器件20,30. . . Heating device
202,302．．．絕緣基底202,302. . . Insulating substrate
204,304．．．行電極204,304. . . Row electrode
206,306．．．列電極206,306. . . Column electrode
208,308．．．加熱元件208,308. . . Heating element
210,310．．．第一電極210,310. . . First electrode
212,312．．．第二電極212,312. . . Second electrode
214,314．．．網格214,314. . . grid
216,316．．．介質絕緣層216,316. . . Dielectric insulation
220,320．．．加熱單元220,320. . . Heating unit
224,324．．．固定電極224,324. . . Fixed electrode
圖1為先前技術中的加熱器件的俯視圖。1 is a top plan view of a prior art heating device.
圖2為先前技術中可局部定點加熱的加熱器件的結構示意圖。2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heating device which can be locally fixed-point heating in the prior art.
圖3為本發明第一實施例的加熱器件的俯視圖。Figure 3 is a plan view of a heating device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖4為沿圖3中IV-IV線的剖面圖。Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of Figure 3.
圖5為本發明第一實施例用作加熱元件的奈米碳管拉膜結構的掃描電鏡照片。Fig. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a structure of a carbon nanotube film used as a heating element in the first embodiment of the present invention.
圖6為圖5中的奈米碳管拉膜結構中的奈米碳管片段的結構示意圖。Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view showing a carbon nanotube segment in the carbon nanotube film structure of Fig. 5.
圖7為本發明第一實施例用作加熱元件的非扭轉的奈米碳管線的掃描電鏡照片。Figure 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of a non-twisted nanocarbon line used as a heating element in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖8為本發明第一實施例作為加熱元件的扭轉的奈米碳管線的掃描電鏡照片。Figure 8 is a scanning electron micrograph of a twisted nanocarbon line as a heating element in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖9為本發明第一實施例的加熱單元的掃描電鏡照片。Figure 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of a heating unit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖10為圖9的側面的掃描電鏡照片。Figure 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of the side of Figure 9.
圖11為本發明第一實施例的加熱器件中電流與溫度的特徵曲線圖。Figure 11 is a characteristic diagram showing current and temperature in a heating device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖12為本發明第一實施例的加熱器件的熱回應速度的曲線圖。Figure 12 is a graph showing the heat response speed of the heating device of the first embodiment of the present invention.
圖13為本發明第二實施例的加熱器件的俯視圖。Figure 13 is a plan view of a heating device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
圖14為沿圖13中XIV-XIV線的剖面圖。Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIV-XIV of Figure 13;
20．．．加熱器件20. . . Heating device
202．．．絕緣基底202. . . Insulating substrate
204．．．行電極204. . . Row electrode
206．．．列電極206. . . Column electrode
208．．．加熱元件208. . . Heating element
210．．．第一電極210. . . First electrode
212．．．第二電極212. . . Second electrode
214．．．網格214. . . grid
216．．．介質絕緣層216. . . Dielectric insulation
220．．．加熱單元220. . . Heating unit
224．．．固定電極224. . . Fixed electrode
Claims (26)
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| TW98110294A TWI381989B (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Heating device |
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| TW98110294A TWI381989B (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Heating device |
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| US6225608B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-01 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater |
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| US20080187685A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-07 | Atomic Energy Council - Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research | Method of preparing vertically-aligned carbon nanotube under atmospheric and cold-wall heating treatments and making the same |
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| US5202677A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-04-13 | Crystal Images, Inc. | Display apparatus using thermochromic material |
| US6225608B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-01 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater |
| US6870138B2 (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2005-03-22 | Whirlpool Corporation | Electric cooking hob and method for determining the location of cooking utensils on it |
| US7482556B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2009-01-27 | Shaw John R | Heating apparatus with multiple element array |
| US20080187685A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-07 | Atomic Energy Council - Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research | Method of preparing vertically-aligned carbon nanotube under atmospheric and cold-wall heating treatments and making the same |
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