TW202010228A - Control circuit for switching on-off state at zero crossing point by which the variation of the alternating load cannot be found by a user and an energy saving effect can be achieved - Google Patents
Control circuit for switching on-off state at zero crossing point by which the variation of the alternating load cannot be found by a user and an energy saving effect can be achieved Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW202010228A TW202010228A TW107130385A TW107130385A TW202010228A TW 202010228 A TW202010228 A TW 202010228A TW 107130385 A TW107130385 A TW 107130385A TW 107130385 A TW107130385 A TW 107130385A TW 202010228 A TW202010228 A TW 202010228A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- state
- control circuit
- control
- control switch
- half cycle
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明係關於交流負載(如:感應馬達、電熱器...)的控制電路,尤指一種能夠在跨零點時,切換開關之導通或關斷狀態,藉以調節負載功率的控制電路。 The invention relates to a control circuit of an AC load (such as an induction motor, an electric heater...), in particular to a control circuit capable of switching the on or off state of a switch when crossing a zero point to adjust the load power.
查,目前調節負載功率(如:調光器)的驅動方式,大致分為前切式(leading edge)與後切式(tailing edge),其中,前切式(leading edge)是指調光開關調整輸出電壓的角度是在半周期的前緣進行控制,請參閱第1A~1B圖所示,每一個半周期之前緣會先保持關斷(如第1A~1B圖之虛線所示),之後再保持導通,直至下一個半周期,因此,愈早導通的情況下,其平均功率較高,意即,第1A~1B圖兩者相較之下,第1A圖的亮度會較高。 Check, the current driving method for adjusting the load power (such as: dimmer) is roughly divided into a leading edge (leading edge) and a trailing edge (tailing edge), where the leading edge (leading edge) refers to the dimmer switch The angle of adjusting the output voltage is controlled at the leading edge of the half cycle. Please refer to Figures 1A~1B. The leading edge of each half cycle will be kept off first (as shown by the dotted line in Figures 1A~1B), and then It stays on until the next half cycle. Therefore, the earlier it turns on, the higher the average power, which means that the brightness of Figure 1A will be higher when the two figures 1A~1B are compared.
承上,後切式(tailing edge)則是指調光開關調整輸出電壓的角度是在半周期的後緣進行控制,請參閱第2A~2B圖所示,每一個半周期之前緣會先保持導通,之後會再進行關斷(如第2A~2B圖之虛線所示),直至下一個半周期,因此,愈早關斷的情況下,其平均功率較低,意即,第2A~2B圖兩者相較之下,第2A圖的亮度會較高。 As mentioned above, the tailing edge refers to the angle at which the dimming switch adjusts the output voltage is controlled at the trailing edge of the half cycle. Please refer to Figures 2A~2B, the leading edge will be maintained before each half cycle Turn on, and then turn off (as shown by the dotted line in Figures 2A~2B) until the next half cycle, so the earlier the turn off, the lower the average power, which means that the 2A~2B Comparing the two figures, the brightness of Figure 2A will be higher.
另,發明人欲將前述的驅動方式應用至一般交流負載(如:感應馬達、電熱器...等)上,以藉由控制平均電流而達到控制功率的效果 (如:感應馬達之轉速、電熱器之溫度...等)。茲以感應馬達與電熱器為例,進行說明,首先,感應馬達(Induction motor)係為交流電動機,其是通過定子產生的旋轉磁場與轉子繞組的相對運動,使得轉子繞組切割磁感線產生感應電動勢,進而令轉子繞組中產生感應電流。之後,轉子繞組中的感應電流會與磁場作用,產生電磁轉矩,使轉子旋轉。然而,發明人發現,若感應馬達採用前切式時,會造成輔線圈的電容工作不正常;若感應馬達採用後切式時,則會因馬達電感產生強大突波。其次,電熱器通常為電阻負載,根據焦耳定律,其所產生的熱量會與通電時間呈正比,惟,發明人發現,針對電熱器而言,無論採用前切式或後切式等方式,都會造成功率因數的大幅降低,不甚理想。 In addition, the inventor wants to apply the aforementioned driving method to general AC loads (such as induction motors, electric heaters, etc.) to achieve the effect of controlling the power by controlling the average current (such as the speed of the induction motor, The temperature of the electric heater...etc). The induction motor and the electric heater are taken as examples for description. First, the induction motor is an AC motor, which is the relative motion of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the rotor winding, so that the rotor winding cuts the magnetic induction line to induce The electromotive force, in turn, induces current in the rotor winding. After that, the induced current in the rotor winding will act with the magnetic field to generate electromagnetic torque, which will rotate the rotor. However, the inventor found that if the induction motor adopts the front cut type, it will cause the capacitance of the auxiliary coil to work abnormally; if the induction motor adopts the back cut type, a strong surge due to the motor inductance will be generated. Secondly, the electric heater is usually a resistive load. According to Joule's law, the heat generated is proportional to the energization time. However, the inventor found that for the electric heater, no matter whether it is a front cut type or a back cut type, etc. The power factor is greatly reduced, which is not ideal.
綜上所述,如何針對現有交流負載的問題,設計出一種更為理想的控制電路,以在進行關斷操作控制功率時,能大幅降低前述問題的發生機率,即成為本發明所欲解決之重要課題。 In summary, how to design a more ideal control circuit for the problem of the existing AC load can greatly reduce the probability of the aforementioned problem when the shutdown operation is performed to control the power, which is to be solved by the present invention important topic.
為能有效解決前述問題,發明人憑藉著多年來專業從事各式功率電子、控制、與系統設計、加工及製造之豐富實務經驗,且秉持著精益求精的研究精神,在經過長久的努力研究與實驗後,終於研發出本發明之一種在跨零點切換開關狀態之控制電路,期藉由本發明之問世,提供使用者更佳的產品使用經驗。 In order to effectively solve the aforementioned problems, the inventor has relied on the rich practical experience in the design, processing and manufacturing of various types of power electronics, control, and system for many years, and upholds the research spirit of excellence, after a long-term hard research and experiment Afterwards, a control circuit for switching the switch state across the zero point of the present invention was finally developed. With the advent of the present invention, it provides users with better product experience.
本發明之一目的,係提供一種在跨零點切換開關狀態之控制電路,其應用至一交流負載上,該控制電路包括一控制開關與一處理單元,其中,該控制開關會與該交流負載相串聯,且能接收外部傳來之交流電; 該處理單元則電氣連接至該控制開關,且能控制該控制開關之導通狀態或關斷狀態;本發明之特徵在於,當處理單元接收到一導通指令後,其會在交流電之電壓波形為零點時,令該控制開關呈導通狀態;當處理單元接收到一關斷指令後,其會在交流電之電流波形為零點時,令該控制開關呈關斷狀態,且該控制開關之關斷狀態會保持至少一個的半周期。 An object of the present invention is to provide a control circuit for switching a switch state across a zero point, which is applied to an AC load. The control circuit includes a control switch and a processing unit, wherein the control switch is in phase with the AC load It is connected in series and can receive AC power from outside; the processing unit is electrically connected to the control switch and can control the on or off state of the control switch; the feature of the invention is that when the processing unit receives an on command After that, when the voltage waveform of the alternating current is zero, the control switch is turned on; when the processing unit receives a turn-off command, it will turn off the control switch when the current waveform of the alternating current is zero. State, and the off state of the control switch will be maintained for at least one half cycle.
為便 貴審查委員能對本發明目的、技術特徵及其功效,做更進一步之認識與瞭解,茲舉實施例配合圖式,詳細說明如下: In order for your reviewing committee to have a better understanding and understanding of the purpose, technical features and efficacy of the present invention, the following examples are used in conjunction with the drawings, which are described in detail as follows:
〔習知〕 〔Knowledge〕
無 None
〔本發明〕 〔this invention〕
1‧‧‧控制電路 1‧‧‧Control circuit
10‧‧‧馬達定子線圈 10‧‧‧motor stator coil
11、11’‧‧‧控制開關 11.11’‧‧‧Control switch
13‧‧‧處理單元 13‧‧‧Processing unit
AC‧‧‧交流電 AC‧‧‧AC
U‧‧‧輔助線圈 U‧‧‧Auxiliary coil
C‧‧‧電容 C‧‧‧Capacitance
V‧‧‧電壓波形 V‧‧‧ voltage waveform
A‧‧‧電流波形 A‧‧‧Current waveform
第1A圖係前切式的一波形示意圖;第1B圖係前切式的另一波形示意圖;第2A圖係後切式的一波形示意圖;第2B圖係後切式的另一波形示意圖;第3圖係本發明之控制電路的一實施例;第4圖係本發明之控制電路的另一實施例;第5圖係交流電之電壓波形與電流波形的示意圖;第6A圖係本發明之「導通」與「關斷」呈規律變化的一波形圖;第6B圖係本發明之「導通」與「關斷」呈規律變化的另一波形圖;及第7圖係本發明之驅動訊號為不規律的示意圖。 Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a waveform of the front-cut type; Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of another waveform of the front-cut type; Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a waveform of the back-cut type; Figure 2B is another schematic diagram of a waveform of the back-cut type; Figure 3 is an embodiment of the control circuit of the present invention; Figure 4 is another embodiment of the control circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the voltage waveform and current waveform of alternating current; Figure 6A is the present invention A waveform diagram of "on" and "off" changing regularly; Figure 6B is another waveform diagram of "on" and "off" changing regularly; and Figure 7 is a driving signal of the present invention It is an irregular schematic diagram.
本發明係一種在跨零點切換開關狀態之控制電路,係應用至一交流負載上,為方便說明,後敘實施例係以感應馬達(如:鼠籠式馬達) 為例,請參閱第3圖所示,該感應馬達之一馬達定子線圈10在接收到外部傳來的交流電AC後能形成旋轉磁場,以使一轉子旋轉,令該轉子能驅動一裝置(如:風扇)運作,在此特別一提者,由於感應馬達的結構與運作原理為習知技術,本發明主要是設計出一種控制電路,以使該感應馬達於運作時,能在使用者無法察覺的情況下,進行短暫的關斷,除能達到節能效果外,亦能將扭力變化分散,而不易產生噪音與震動。故,在後續實際例中,並不繪製出整個感應馬達的具體結構,但熟悉該領域之技藝人士,當能在觀看本發明之說明書後,瞭解本發明的整體技術特徵,而不會產生歧異。 The present invention is a control circuit that switches the state of a switch across zero points. It is applied to an AC load. For convenience of description, the following embodiment uses an induction motor (such as a squirrel-cage motor) as an example. Please refer to FIG. 3 As shown, the
請參閱第3圖所示,在一實施例中,該控制電路1包括一控制開關11與一處理單元13,其中,該控制開關11係與該馬達定子線圈10相串聯,且能接收外部傳來之交流電AC,又,在該實施例中,一輔助線圈U與一電容C相串聯,且該馬達定子線圈10會與該輔助線圈U、電容C相並聯,該控制開關11則能同時串聯該馬達定子線圈10與輔助線圈U,惟,在本發明之另一實施例中,請參閱第4圖所示,控制開關11’能夠與輔助線圈U相並聯,但仍會與該馬達定子線圈10相串聯,合先陳明。 Please refer to FIG. 3, in an embodiment, the
另,復請參閱第3圖所示,該處理單元13能電氣連接至該控制開關11,且能控制該控制開關11之導通狀態或關斷狀態,其中,該控制開關11能夠為「矽控整流開關(Silicon Controlled Rectifier,簡稱SCR)」、「三端雙向交流開關(TRIAC)」或是由「一橋式整流器搭配金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,簡稱MOSFET)」所組成,但不以此為限。一般言,若是負載具有電容性或者電感性的成分,則可能會使電流波形與電壓波形之間,形成提早或延遲的相 位差,如第5圖所示,實線部分為交流電之電壓波形V,虛線部分則為交流電之電流波形A,且電流波形A之周期會略為晚於電壓波形V之周期,惟,不同的元件則具有不同的特性,例如,矽控元件則會一直維持導通,直到電流為零時,才會形成關斷的狀態,合先敘明。又,本發明之特徵在於,當該處理單元13接收到一導通指令後,其不會立即將控制開關11導通,而是在零點附近(即,在半周期(如:正半周朝負半周變化、負半周朝正半周變化)跨零點時(即,電壓為零))的狀態,才會使該控制開關11呈導通狀態。 In addition, please refer to FIG. 3 again, the
承上,復請參閱第3圖所示,當該處理單元13接收到一關斷指令後,其不會立即將控制開關11關斷,而同樣在零點附近(即,在半周期(如:正半周朝負半周變化、負半周朝正半周變化)跨零點時(即,電流為零))的狀態,才會使該控制開關11呈關斷狀態,且該控制開關11之關斷狀態會保持至少一個半周期,例如第6A~6B所示,根據使用上的需求,能夠每導通二周期後再關斷一周期(如第6A圖),或是每導通一周期後再關斷半周期(如第6B圖),又,在前述方式中,「導通」與「關斷」是呈規律變化,但是,此種規律變化容易造成震動或噪音現象被使用者察覺,影響了產品的使用觀感,因此,處理單元13亦可如第7圖般,是採用不規律的驅動訊號,如第7圖由左至右來說,其中,導通指令為「ON」,關斷指令為「OFF」,處理單元13能使控制開關11先導通一周期後再關斷半周期,嗣,導通一個半的周期後再關斷半周期,又導通一周期後再關斷半周期...等,如此,感應馬達於運轉時所產生的扭力,便會隨著時間的斷續頻率被分散,使得其產生之震動或噪音現象較不容易被使用者察覺。 As mentioned above, please refer to FIG. 3, when the
再者,當感應馬達運轉時,若將其斷電(即,控制開關11呈 關斷狀態)後,仍會因慣性而保持運轉,但運轉速度會逐漸降低,因此,控制開關11呈關斷狀態的時間勢必不能太久,否則會讓使用者明顯發現轉速發生變化,其中,當感應馬達(連同負載)速度由正常運轉速度,降低正常運轉速度的一半時,前述所花費的時間稱之為「慣性持續時間」,而控制開關11呈關斷狀態的時間需小於「慣性持續時間」,且關斷時間愈小愈佳。以風扇為例,其正常轉速通常為300rpm~1200rpm(每分鐘轉速),週期約為50ms(毫秒)~200ms,又,由於「慣性持續時間」通常為好幾秒鐘,因此,單就風扇來說,該控制開關11呈關斷狀態的時間以小於1秒鐘為佳,而交流電AC之變化普遍為50Hz~60Hz,其半周期約為8ms~10ms,故,根據交流電AC之半周期來調整控制開關11的導通狀態與關斷狀態,便能夠在使用者不察覺到轉速有間歇變化的情況下,達成節能功效。 In addition, when the induction motor is running, if it is powered off (ie, the
同理可知,在電熱器被斷電時,其溫度仍會保持於當前溫度,之後才會逐漸下降(相當於前述「慣性持續時間」),因此,當本發明之控制電路應用於電熱器時,若控制開關呈關斷狀態的時間小於「慣性持續時間」,即能令使用者無法察覺到溫度有明顯下降的情況下,調節負載功率進而達成節能功效。 Similarly, it can be seen that when the heater is powered off, its temperature will remain at the current temperature, and then it will gradually decrease (equivalent to the aforementioned "inertia duration"). Therefore, when the control circuit of the present invention is applied to the heater If the time when the control switch is in the off state is less than the "inertial duration", the user can adjust the load power to achieve energy saving without noticeable temperature drop.
按,以上所述,僅係本發明之較佳實施例,惟,本發明所主張之權利範圍,並不侷限於此,按凡熟悉該項技藝人士,依據本發明所揭露之技術內容,可輕易思及之等效變化,均應屬不脫離本發明之保護範疇。 According to the above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the scope of the claimed rights of the present invention is not limited to this. According to the technical content disclosed by the present invention, anyone who is familiar with this skill can Equivalent changes that can be easily considered should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
1‧‧‧控制電路 1‧‧‧Control circuit
10‧‧‧馬達定子線圈 10‧‧‧motor stator coil
11‧‧‧控制開關 11‧‧‧Control switch
13‧‧‧處理單元 13‧‧‧Processing unit
AC‧‧‧交流電 AC‧‧‧AC
U‧‧‧輔助線圈 U‧‧‧Auxiliary coil
C‧‧‧電容 C‧‧‧Capacitance
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW107130385A TWI683512B (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Control circuit for switching state at zero crossing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW107130385A TWI683512B (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Control circuit for switching state at zero crossing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TWI683512B TWI683512B (en) | 2020-01-21 |
TW202010228A true TW202010228A (en) | 2020-03-01 |
Family
ID=69942952
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW107130385A TWI683512B (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Control circuit for switching state at zero crossing |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
TW (1) | TWI683512B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI268034B (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2006-12-01 | Che-Chuan Lin | Method for controlling the output of an electrical apparatus connected to an AC line voltage |
TWM513393U (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-01 | Artilect Green Co Ltd | AC power switch circuit |
TWI609665B (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-01-01 | Matsushita Electric Taiwan Co Ltd | Food conditioner |
-
2018
- 2018-08-30 TW TW107130385A patent/TWI683512B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI683512B (en) | 2020-01-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2628529C (en) | Method and apparatus for quiet fan speed control | |
WO2010050072A1 (en) | Ac voltage control device | |
WO2006133154A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for quiet variable motor speed control | |
EP2386928B1 (en) | Phase control apparatus | |
JP2015171226A (en) | inverter device and air conditioner | |
EP1774644A1 (en) | Drive circuit for a synchronous electric motor | |
TWI683512B (en) | Control circuit for switching state at zero crossing | |
CN103618493A (en) | Single-winding single-phase AC motor control module | |
WO2011052214A1 (en) | Electrical power converter and induction heating device using same, and electrically driven device | |
AU2013404555B2 (en) | Control apparatus for DC variable frequency motor | |
CN111049461A (en) | Control circuit for switching switch state at zero crossing point | |
JP2012165594A (en) | Motor drive device | |
US6140795A (en) | Variable speed control for AC induction motors | |
US9291169B2 (en) | Fan motor control device | |
KR101039435B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for controlling motor | |
TWI648944B (en) | Control circuit for adjusting motor speed with electric power | |
TW201433078A (en) | Brushless direct current motor control device | |
JP2003088158A (en) | Motor controller | |
EP3883120A2 (en) | Technologies for adaptive multi-pulse commutation for brushless direct current motors | |
JP2001016881A (en) | Inverter-controlled motor | |
US20160301349A1 (en) | Household appliance with multiple synchronous motors and control circuit thereof | |
JP2001211679A (en) | Motor controller | |
JP2001086784A (en) | Motor control method | |
CN116065327A (en) | Washing equipment and motor starting control method thereof | |
CN103715950A (en) | Driving device of switched reluctance motor |