NO150432B - TUBE - Google Patents
TUBE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO150432B NO150432B NO782132A NO782132A NO150432B NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 782132 A NO782132 A NO 782132A NO 150432 B NO150432 B NO 150432B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- capacitor
- amplifier
- stated
- shunt circuit
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100033673 Mus musculus Ren1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000158147 Sator Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
- B29C65/568—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/58—Snap connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12449—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being asymmetric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
- B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
- B65D35/02—Body construction
- B65D35/12—Connections between body and closure-receiving bush
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
- B29C66/72328—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/20—Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tubes (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Description
Fastholdt integrerings - strømkretsanor dning. Retained integration - power circuit device.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår fast-holdte (clamped) integrerings-strømkrets-anordninger og spesielt av den art hvor det over en kondensator, som er i serie med en motstand, er koblet en likestrøm-forsterker og hvor fastholdelsen foregår ved å påtrykke en fastholdelsesbølge på en transistor som er innskutt i en krets i shunt med kondensatoren. The present invention relates to clamped integrated circuit devices and in particular to the type where a direct current amplifier is connected above a capacitor, which is in series with a resistor, and where the clamping takes place by applying a clamping wave to a transistor inserted in a circuit in shunt with the capacitor.
Oppfinnelsen er vist på og skal for-klares nærmere i forbindelse med ved-føyede tegninger. Fig. 1 viser en kjent, fastholdt integ-reringsstrømkretsanordning av den art oppfinnelsen angår. Fig. 2 og 3 viser to utførelsesformer for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. Samme henvisningstall er brukt for samme deler i alle figurer. Fig. 1 viser en fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanordning hvor selve integrer-ingskretsen er av en art som er meget vel kjent og i vanlig bruk. Selve integrerings-kretsen består av en kondensator 1 som ligger i serie med en motstand 2 og over hvilken det er lagt en likestrømforsterker 3 med høy forsterkningsgrad. Inngangsklemmen for signaler som skal integreres er betegnet 4, og 5 er utgangsklemmen. For å skaffe et kjent referansepunkt hvorfra integreringen kan begynne, er det sørget for å kortslutte eller fastholde kondensatoren 1 før integreringen og fjerne kortslut-ningen eller fastholdelsen når integreringen skal begynne. Denne fastholdelse er be-virket ved hjelp av en transistor 6 som er The invention is shown on and shall be explained in more detail in connection with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a known, fixed integration circuit device of the kind to which the invention relates. Fig. 2 and 3 show two embodiments of the device according to the present invention. The same reference numbers are used for the same parts in all figures. Fig. 1 shows a fixed integration circuit device where the integration circuit itself is of a type that is very well known and in common use. The integration circuit itself consists of a capacitor 1 which is in series with a resistor 2 and above which is placed a direct current amplifier 3 with a high degree of amplification. The input terminal for signals to be integrated is designated 4, and 5 is the output terminal. In order to obtain a known reference point from which the integration can begin, care has been taken to short-circuit or hold the capacitor 1 before the integration and remove the short-circuit or hold when the integration is to begin. This retention is effected by means of a transistor 6 which is
lagt over kondensatoren 1 og hvis basis, gjennom en motstand 7 over en klemme 8 tilføres en passende rektangulær bølge placed over the capacitor 1 and whose base, through a resistor 7 over a clamp 8 is supplied with a suitable rectangular wave
slik som angitt, på vanlig måte, nær klemmen 8. Transistoren kan være enten av PNP- eller NPN-typen, selv om en transistor av typen PNP er vist, og under fastholdelsen gjøres denne transistor ledende enten ved hjelp av den negative eller positive halvbølge av fastholdelsesbølgen, alt etter den type transistor som brukes. I denne til-stand trekker transistoren basis-strøm. Under integreringsperioder må spenningen mellom basisen og emitteren i transistoren være slik at den effektive diode som ut-gjøres av emitteren og basisen er ikke ledende og forholdet mellom basis-spenningen og spiss-utgangsspenningen på klemmen 5 må også være slik at den effektive diode som utgjøres av kollektaren og basisen i transistoren også holdes ikke ledende. Hvis det største positive spen-ningsutslag på utgangsklemmen 5 er + X volt, må basisspenningen på transistoren ved overgang fra fastholdelsestilstanden til integreringstilstanden og omvendt være mere enn + X volt. Denne fordring fører til en alvorlig ikke ønsket begrensning i brukbarheten av anordningen, spesielt hvis transistoren 6, slik som det vanlig er til-felle, er en hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor. En slik transistor blir nesten alltid brukt på grunn av at lekkasjen i transistoren med handelsgermanium er for høy til at de kan betraktes som tilfredsstillende for bruk i anordningen. as indicated, in the usual way, near terminal 8. The transistor may be of either the PNP or NPN type, although a PNP type transistor is shown, and during clamping this transistor is made conductive by means of either the negative or positive half-wave of the holding wave, depending on the type of transistor used. In this state, the transistor draws base current. During integration periods, the voltage between the base and the emitter of the transistor must be such that the effective diode formed by the emitter and the base is not conductive and the ratio between the base voltage and the peak output voltage at terminal 5 must also be such that the effective diode formed of the collector and base of the transistor are also kept non-conductive. If the largest positive voltage drop on the output terminal 5 is + X volts, the base voltage on the transistor when transitioning from the holding state to the integration state and vice versa must be more than + X volts. This requirement leads to a serious undesired limitation in the usability of the device, especially if the transistor 6, as is usually the case, is a fast-acting silicon transistor. Such a transistor is almost always used because the leakage in the transistor with commercial germanium is too high for them to be considered satisfactory for use in the device.
Hurtigvirkende transistorer som fin- Fast-acting transistors such as fin-
nes på markedet og er egnet for bruk som transistoren 6 i fig. 1 har en ikke ønsket begrensning når det gjelder deres tillatelige omvendte basisemitter-spenning. For å nes on the market and is suitable for use as the transistor 6 in fig. 1 have an unwanted limitation in terms of their allowable reverse base-emitter voltage. In order to
nevne et praktisk tall er denne tillatelige basis-emitterspenning for en hurtigvirken- to mention a practical number, this is the permissible base-emitter voltage for a fast-acting
de silisiumtransistor slik som de nå fore- the silicon transistor as they now pre-
ligger i handelen bare ca. 5 volt. Hvis en slik transistor brukes som transistoren 6 is in the trade only approx. 5 volts. If such a transistor is used as the transistor 6
i fig. 1 blir følgelig den største tillatelige spenning på utgangsklemmen bare +5 volt. in fig. 1, the maximum allowable voltage on the output terminal will therefore be only +5 volts.
Dette er en betydelig og ikke ønsket be- This is a significant and undesired be-
grensning som foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på å fjerne. demarcation which the present invention aims to remove.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter en According to the invention, a
fastholdt integrerings-strømkretsanord- retained integrated circuit device
ning en kondensator i serie med en mot- ning a capacitor in series with a counter-
stand, en likestrømforsterker lagt over denne kondensator, en shunt-krets, som inneholder en transistor, koblet over kondensatoren, og anordninger for å påtrykke en fastholdelsesspenningsbølge på styreelektroden i transistoren for å gjøre den ledende slik at kondensatoren fastholdes til forutbestemte tider, idet det særegne be- condition, a DC amplifier superimposed over this capacitor, a shunt circuit, containing a transistor connected across the capacitor, and means for applying a holding voltage wave to the control electrode of the transistor to make it conductive so that the capacitor is held for predetermined times, the distinctive be-
står i at shuntkretsen også omfatter en amplitudebegrenser og en ytterligere for- states that the shunt circuit also includes an amplitude limiter and an additional
sterker. stronger.
Denne ytterligere forsterker er for- This additional amplifier is for-
trinnsvis, om enn ikke nødvendigvis, en forsterker med en forsterkningsfaktor lik 1. stepwise, although not necessarily, an amplifier with a gain factor equal to 1.
Begrenseren kan hensiktsmessig om- The limiter can appropriately re-
fatte en motstand i serie i den nevnte shuntkrets og to motsatt rettede dioder for- put a resistor in series in the aforementioned shunt circuit and two oppositely directed diodes for
bundet mellom forsterker-inngangsklem- tied between amplifier input terminal
men og et punkt med fastholdt potensial. but also a point with retained potential.
Eventuelt kan et forutbestemt like-strømspotensial fra en utvendig kilde, som kan være regulerbar, påtrykkes et punkt i den nevnte shuntkrets før begrensning for å skaffe et ønsket «hvile-nivå». Hvis be- Optionally, a predetermined direct current potential from an external source, which can be adjustable, can be applied to a point in the aforementioned shunt circuit before limitation to obtain a desired "rest level". If be-
grenseren er slik som beskrevet ovenfor kan således likestrømspotensialet påtrykkes siennom en motstand på forbindelsespunk- the limiter is as described above, so the direct current potential can be applied via a resistance at the connection point
tet mellom diodene. tight between the diodes.
Fig. 2 viser en utførelsesform for anordningen i henhold til foreliggende opp- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the device according to the present invention
finnelse. Den skiller seg fra fig. 1 ved at det i serie i shuntkretsen over kondensato- invention. It differs from fig. 1 in that in series in the shunt circuit above the capacitor
ren 1 er lagt inn en begrenser og en ytter- ren 1, a limiter and an outer
li<g>ere forsterker. Begrenseren, som består av deler innenfor den strekpunkterte fir- li<g>ere amplifier. The limiter, which consists of parts within the dotted square
kant, omfatter en motstand 9 i shuntkret- edge, comprises a resistor 9 in the shunt circuit
sen og to motsatt rettede dioder 11 og 12 sen and two oppositely directed diodes 11 and 12
som forbinder forsterkerenden av mot- which connects the amplifier of the counter-
standen 9 med jord. Den ytterligere for- stand 9 with earth. The further for-
sterker 13 kan være av hvilken som helst kjent utførelse og kan hensiktsmessig ha enhets-forsterkning. For å nevne praktiske tall skal det forutsettes at begrenseren er stronger 13 may be of any known design and may conveniently have unity gain. To mention practical numbers, it must be assumed that the limiter is
innstillet på å begrense ved ±2 volt. Ut- set to limit at ±2 volts. Out-
gangen fra forsterkeren 13 vil derfor ikke følge spenningen på utgangsklemmen 5 the current from the amplifier 13 will therefore not follow the voltage on the output terminal 5
hvis denne spenning slår ut utover dette område. Den spenning som trenges på if this voltage goes beyond this range. The voltage that is needed
basisen i transistoren 6 er nå ikke lenger bestemt av den høyeste spenning på klem- the base in the transistor 6 is now no longer determined by the highest voltage on the
men 5, men av den høyeste spenning på utgangsklemmen for begrenseren, og følge- but 5, but of the highest voltage on the output terminal of the limiter, and follow-
lig vil den tillatelige motsatt rettede basis-område-emitterspenning for transistoren 6 so will the allowable reverse biased base-region-emitter voltage for transistor 6
ikke lenger begrense det tillatelige ut-gan gsspenningsutslag. En hurtigvirkende silisiumtransistor med en tillatelig basis-emitterspenning på bare 5 volt kan således tilfredsstillende brukes i en anordning hvor det høyeste utgangs-spennings-utslag er f. eks. ± 10 volt eller mere. no longer limit the permissible output voltage range. A fast-acting silicon transistor with a permissible base-emitter voltage of only 5 volts can thus be satisfactorily used in a device where the highest output voltage variation is e.g. ± 10 volts or more.
En ekstra fordel som også oppnås er An additional benefit that is also achieved is
at feil i utgangsenergien som skyldes fast-holdelsesspenningsbølgen som påtrykkes ved 8 og som opptrer på grunn av uunngå- that errors in the output energy due to the retention voltage wave that is applied at 8 and which occurs due to unavoidable
elig kapasitet mellom emitter og basis i transistoren blir redusert i amplitude. potential between emitter and base in the transistor is reduced in amplitude.
Fig. 3 viser en ytterligere utførelses- Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment
form hvor det for å fastholde eller innstille hvile-spenningen påtrykkes en regulerbar likespenning i shuntkretsen over konden- form where, in order to maintain or set the resting voltage, an adjustable DC voltage is applied in the shunt circuit across the capacitor
satoren 1. Som vist er denne utledet fra et potensiometer 14 som ligger over en pas- sator 1. As shown, this is derived from a potentiometer 14 which lies above a pas-
sende likestrømskilde, som ikke er vist, og påtrykkes gjennom en motstand 15 på forbindelsespunktet mellom motstanden 9 og inngangsklemmen for forsterkeren 13. send direct current source, which is not shown, and is applied through a resistor 15 to the connection point between the resistor 9 and the input terminal of the amplifier 13.
I både fig. 2 og fig. 3 kan selvsagt In both fig. 2 and fig. 3 can of course
emitter- og kollektor-forbindelsene for transistoren 6 byttes om. the emitter and collector connections for transistor 6 are swapped.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US80806377A | 1977-06-20 | 1977-06-20 | |
US89890978A | 1978-04-26 | 1978-04-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO782132L NO782132L (en) | 1978-12-21 |
NO150432B true NO150432B (en) | 1984-07-09 |
NO150432C NO150432C (en) | 1984-10-17 |
Family
ID=27123078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO782132A NO150432C (en) | 1977-06-20 | 1978-06-19 | TUBE |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5822434B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU506826B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7803901A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1075647A (en) |
CH (1) | CH635792A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE7818230U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK271778A (en) |
ES (1) | ES470884A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2395197A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1105194B (en) |
NL (1) | NL175160C (en) |
NO (1) | NO150432C (en) |
SE (1) | SE7806954L (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FI64920C (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1984-02-10 | Huhtamaeki Oy | AENDSTYCKE FOER ROER |
DE3225045C1 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-02-16 | Automation Industrielle S.A., 1896 Vouvry | Packaging tube |
JPS6030338U (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-03-01 | 株式会社明電舎 | Diesel engine control device |
JPS6098135A (en) * | 1983-11-04 | 1985-06-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Electronic engine controller having engine stall avoiding function |
JPS61165100U (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-10-13 | ||
JP2615019B2 (en) * | 1986-08-22 | 1997-05-28 | 清水 郁子 | Method for producing LiNbO single crystal piezoelectric substrate having domain-inverted region |
JP2615020B2 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1997-05-28 | 清水 郁子 | Ultrasonic transducer and surface wave device |
JP2958004B2 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1999-10-06 | 清水 郁子 | Device using domain-inverted LiNbO 3 substrate |
CH684082A5 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-07-15 | Sika Robotics Ag | Container. |
DE19623301C2 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1999-11-11 | Automation Industrielle Sa | Tube head blank and method for its production |
USD716143S1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2014-10-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | End cap for a container |
US9238544B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2016-01-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Article and method for sealing a collapsible container |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2274258A (en) * | 1939-10-30 | 1942-02-24 | Walter A Roselle | Container |
US2398505A (en) * | 1942-07-15 | 1946-04-16 | Pepin Joseph | Dispensing tube |
GB559277A (en) * | 1942-09-29 | 1944-02-11 | Hermann Friedrich Vollmann | Improvements relating to collapsible tubes |
FR1091236A (en) * | 1954-01-08 | 1955-04-08 | Crushable container usable for storing substances such as pastes, creams or ointments | |
US3260411A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1966-07-12 | American Can Co | Collapsible container structure |
GB1220581A (en) * | 1967-04-20 | 1971-01-27 | United Glass Ltd | Production of containers |
US3529751A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1970-09-22 | Rexall Drug Chemical | Method of constructing containers and product thereof |
AT290667B (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1971-06-11 | Goerz Electro Gmbh | Method for measuring capacities and devices for carrying out the method |
US3656668A (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1972-04-18 | Container Corp | Neck assembly for thin walled container |
US3874558A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1975-04-01 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Dispensing container manufacturing apparatus and methods |
-
1978
- 1978-06-05 CA CA304,742A patent/CA1075647A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-12 AU AU37019/78A patent/AU506826B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-16 SE SE7806954A patent/SE7806954L/en unknown
- 1978-06-16 DK DK271778A patent/DK271778A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-06-16 ES ES470884A patent/ES470884A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-16 CH CH660278A patent/CH635792A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-19 DE DE7818230U patent/DE7818230U1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-19 NL NLAANVRAGE7806582,A patent/NL175160C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-19 IT IT49922/78A patent/IT1105194B/en active
- 1978-06-19 NO NO782132A patent/NO150432C/en unknown
- 1978-06-19 JP JP53074073A patent/JPS5822434B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-19 FR FR7818294A patent/FR2395197A1/en active Granted
- 1978-06-19 DE DE2826680A patent/DE2826680C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-20 BR BR7803901A patent/BR7803901A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH635792A5 (en) | 1983-04-29 |
DE2826680C2 (en) | 1982-11-11 |
JPS5418385A (en) | 1979-02-10 |
DE2826680A1 (en) | 1978-12-21 |
DE7818230U1 (en) | 1978-10-05 |
JPS5822434B2 (en) | 1983-05-09 |
DK271778A (en) | 1978-12-21 |
FR2395197B1 (en) | 1982-03-26 |
AU506826B1 (en) | 1980-01-24 |
CA1075647A (en) | 1980-04-15 |
NL175160B (en) | 1984-05-01 |
SE7806954L (en) | 1978-12-21 |
ES470884A1 (en) | 1979-02-01 |
NO150432C (en) | 1984-10-17 |
BR7803901A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
IT7849922A0 (en) | 1978-06-19 |
NL7806582A (en) | 1978-12-22 |
FR2395197A1 (en) | 1979-01-19 |
NO782132L (en) | 1978-12-21 |
IT1105194B (en) | 1985-10-28 |
NL175160C (en) | 1984-10-01 |
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