JPS6133610B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6133610B2 JPS6133610B2 JP53102937A JP10293778A JPS6133610B2 JP S6133610 B2 JPS6133610 B2 JP S6133610B2 JP 53102937 A JP53102937 A JP 53102937A JP 10293778 A JP10293778 A JP 10293778A JP S6133610 B2 JPS6133610 B2 JP S6133610B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dialysate
- liquid
- chamber
- dialysis
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 14
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000012639 Balance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 but as is well known Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003913 calcium metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006833 reintegration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/714—Feed mechanisms for feeding predetermined amounts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
- B01F35/88—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by feeding the materials batchwise
- B01F35/882—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by feeding the materials batchwise using measuring chambers, e.g. volumetric pumps, for feeding the substances
- B01F35/8823—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by feeding the materials batchwise using measuring chambers, e.g. volumetric pumps, for feeding the substances using diaphragms or bellows
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は正確に調節された比率の混合液を簡易
に調製する方法に関するものである。特に透析、
限外過等に用いられる透析溶液を調製するのに
好適な方法を提供するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a simple method for preparing mixtures with precisely controlled ratios. Especially dialysis,
The present invention provides a method suitable for preparing a dialysis solution used for ultrafiltration and the like.
各種の化学工業、さらには各種試薬の調製、あ
るいは近年重要度を増している人工腎臓などの代
謝機能調節に用いられる透析溶液等、溶液の濃度
を簡易かつ正確に調節する要求は、益々増大しつ
つある。従来、このような一定濃度の溶液を調製
する方法としては、比例供給ポンプ等を用いて、
濃縮液および稀釈液の量を正確に計量し、両者を
混合するという方式が一般にとられている。しか
しかかる方法は、両者とも正確に計量する必要が
あり、これを装置化しようとすると、複雑となる
ばかりでなく、混合比率が大きいときなどは不正
確となりやすい。また従来の方式では、大気その
他の気体と接した状態で混合され、その際に好ま
しくない気体の混入等が生じる。さらに人工腎臓
による透析患者は、毎週何回も病院に通つて長時
間の血液透析を受けており、社会復帰上の支障と
なつている。在宅治療を可能とするためには、透
析装置をコンパクトにし、かつ操作を簡便確実に
する必要があり、かかる要請は今や社会的にも大
きい。本発明は、かかる観点から気体の混入を防
止しつつ、正確に調節された比率の混合液を簡単
に調製する方法をも提供するものである。 The demand for simple and accurate adjustment of the concentration of solutions such as dialysis solutions used in various chemical industries, the preparation of various reagents, and the metabolic function regulation of artificial kidneys, which have become increasingly important in recent years, is increasing. It's coming. Conventionally, the method of preparing such a solution at a constant concentration is to use a proportional feed pump, etc.
Generally, a method is used in which the amounts of a concentrated solution and a diluted solution are accurately measured and the two are mixed. However, both of these methods require accurate measurement, and if this is attempted to be implemented into a device, it is not only complicated, but also tends to be inaccurate when the mixing ratio is large. Furthermore, in the conventional method, the mixture is mixed in contact with the atmosphere or other gases, and undesirable gases may be mixed in at that time. Furthermore, dialysis patients using artificial kidneys have to go to the hospital many times every week and undergo long hours of hemodialysis, which is a hindrance to their reintegration into society. In order to enable home treatment, it is necessary to make the dialysis machine compact and to make it easy and reliable to operate, and such demands are now of great importance in society. From this point of view, the present invention also provides a method for easily preparing a liquid mixture with precisely controlled ratios while preventing gas contamination.
すなわち本発明は、特許請求の範囲の項に示し
た各操作から成る正確に調節された比率の混合液
の調製方法に係る。 The invention thus relates to a method for preparing a mixture of precisely controlled proportions consisting of the operations specified in the claims.
以下、本発明に係る具体例を図面を用いて説明
する。第1図において、Aは全体として一定容量
の密閉容器であり、隔壁として伸縮可能なシリコ
ンゴムダイアフラム1aにより二つの小室2a,
3aに分離されている。容器Aの内側はほぼ球形
にくり抜かれており、ダイアフラム1aはくり抜
きの全部分にわたり変位可能なように張られてい
る。容器外との液の導入、排出は3方電磁弁4a
を介している。液体導入口14は、稀釈液供給ラ
イン21と濃縮液供給ライン22で構成され、後
者には逆止弁23,24と注射器タイプのピスト
ンポンプ25が設置されている。小室2a内に充
満した液体を排出する排出ライン73aは、その
後方において適宜のポンプ74を備えている。小
室3aはダイヤフラム1aが移動可能な様に、適
宜の出入口71aを具備している。 Hereinafter, specific examples according to the present invention will be explained using the drawings. In FIG. 1, A is a sealed container with a constant capacity as a whole, and two small chambers 2a,
It is separated into 3a. The inside of the container A is hollowed out into a substantially spherical shape, and the diaphragm 1a is stretched over the entire hollowed out area so as to be displaceable. Three-way solenoid valve 4a is used for introducing and discharging liquid from outside the container.
through. The liquid inlet 14 is composed of a diluent supply line 21 and a concentrate supply line 22, the latter of which is equipped with check valves 23, 24 and a syringe-type piston pump 25. A discharge line 73a for discharging the liquid filling the small chamber 2a is equipped with a suitable pump 74 at its rear. The small chamber 3a is provided with an appropriate entrance/exit 71a so that the diaphragm 1a can be moved.
今、小室2a内の液がポンプ74で排出され、
ダイヤフラム1aが左側に密着した状態で中央制
御装置(図示せず)の指令が発せられると、3方
電磁4aが作動し、必要なポンプを駆動してある
いはバルブ操作により、ライン21から稀釈液の
供給が開始される。続いてピストンポンプ25を
作動させて、あらかじめ計量済の濃縮液を一方の
小室2aに供給する。容器Aの左壁に密着してい
たダイヤフラム1aは液の流入とともに変位し、
ついに右壁に密着すると圧力計指示に応じた信号
発信器の停止信号により、供給が停止する。この
後必要に応じポンプ74の作動により排出ライン
73aを通して、正確に濃度の調節された液が排
出され使用に供される。 Now, the liquid in the small chamber 2a is discharged by the pump 74,
When a command is issued from the central controller (not shown) while the diaphragm 1a is in close contact with the left side, the three-way electromagnetic unit 4a is activated and the diluent is drawn from the line 21 by driving the necessary pump or by operating a valve. Supply begins. Subsequently, the piston pump 25 is operated to supply the pre-measured concentrated liquid to one of the small chambers 2a. The diaphragm 1a, which was in close contact with the left wall of the container A, is displaced as the liquid flows in.
When it finally comes into close contact with the right wall, the supply is stopped by a stop signal from the signal transmitter according to the pressure gauge indication. Thereafter, the liquid whose concentration has been accurately adjusted is discharged through the discharge line 73a by operating the pump 74 as required, and is ready for use.
容器A内の調製液が全量使用に供されると、ダ
イヤフラム1aは左壁に密着するが、この時圧力
計指示がマイナス側に変化するため、これを検知
して中央制御装置へ知らせれば、中央制御装置か
ら再び信号が発生られ、上述の動作をくり返す。 When the entire amount of the prepared liquid in container A is used, the diaphragm 1a comes into close contact with the left wall, but at this time the pressure gauge indication changes to the negative side, so if this is detected and notified to the central controller, , a signal is generated again from the central control unit and the above operations are repeated.
なおこの際排出ラインの適宜の位置に、溜り部
(図示せず)を設けて、その混合物を均一にした
り、溜り部中に撹拌器を設置してもよい。あるい
は容器Aを振とうするなどして混合してもよい。
また調製された溶液を透析液として使用する場合
には、患者の体温を調節するために、適宜の位置
に溶液の温度をコントロールするヒーターを設け
てもよい。また必要に応じ、小室2aに至るまで
の液供給ラインなどに気液分離器を設けて、液量
をより正確にすることも可能である。 At this time, a reservoir (not shown) may be provided at an appropriate position in the discharge line to make the mixture uniform, or a stirrer may be installed in the reservoir. Alternatively, the mixture may be mixed by shaking the container A.
Furthermore, when the prepared solution is used as a dialysate, a heater may be provided at an appropriate position to control the temperature of the solution in order to regulate the patient's body temperature. Further, if necessary, it is also possible to provide a gas-liquid separator in the liquid supply line leading to the small chamber 2a to make the liquid amount more accurate.
第1図で説明した如く、ダイヤフラム1aが容
器Aの左壁に密着した状態から、小室2aへの液
の流入が開始され、ダイヤフラム1aが右壁に密
着するまで液体が流入するので、小室2aが受入
れる総液量は一定である。従つてライン22から
所定量の濃縮液を供給しさえすれば、特にライン
21からの稀釈液の供給量や速度を規制しなくと
も、小室2a内の濃度は各バツチごとに正確に同
じになる。従つて稀釈液の供給は、定量ポンプや
比例供給ポンプ等の厳密なものを必要とせず、極
端な場合渦巻きポンプのような逆流を許すタイプ
ではポンプを止める事さえも不要となる。このた
め、装置が安価かつコンパクトとなる。しかも、
小室2a内は密閉系であつて外気と接しないの
で、気体の混入がなく、正確な濃度調節ができ
る。さらに、混合後できるだけ短時間のうちに使
用してしまわないと沈澱等の不都合が生じる溶液
の製造にも極めて好適である。 As explained in FIG. 1, the liquid starts flowing into the small chamber 2a from the state where the diaphragm 1a is in close contact with the left wall of the container A, and the liquid continues to flow until the diaphragm 1a is in close contact with the right wall of the container A. The total amount of liquid accepted by is constant. Therefore, as long as a predetermined amount of concentrated liquid is supplied from the line 22, the concentration in the small chamber 2a will be exactly the same for each batch without particularly regulating the amount or speed of diluent supplied from the line 21. . Therefore, the supply of the diluted solution does not require a strict metering pump or a proportional supply pump, and in extreme cases, it is not even necessary to stop the pump if it is of a type that allows backflow, such as a centrifugal pump. This makes the device inexpensive and compact. Moreover,
Since the inside of the small chamber 2a is a closed system and does not come into contact with the outside air, there is no mixing of gases and accurate concentration adjustment is possible. Furthermore, it is extremely suitable for producing solutions that may cause problems such as precipitation if they are not used within as short a time as possible after mixing.
なお、濃縮液の供給および稀釈液の供給は、中
央指令装置の指令にタイミングを合せて開始さ
れ、隔壁が右壁に密着するまで完了しておく必要
があることはもちろんである。濃縮液の供給は、
稀釈液の供給が完了する前に行なわないと、本発
明方法の利点が発揮できない。先に濃縮液を供給
し、それが完了してから稀釈液を添加するか、濃
縮比率によつては同時に供給するかは自由であ
る。あるいは稀釈液を供給し始めててから適宜の
時点で、所定量の濃縮液を供給してもよい。供給
は一時に、または分割して行なわれるが、非連続
的に行ない停止信号より前に終了しないと、正確
な調節ができない。 It goes without saying that the supply of the concentrated liquid and the supply of the diluted liquid must be started in synchronization with the command from the central command device, and must be completed until the partition wall is in close contact with the right wall. The supply of concentrated liquid is
If this is not carried out before the supply of the diluent is completed, the advantages of the method of the present invention cannot be realized. It is free to supply the concentrated solution first and then add the diluted solution after the completion of supply, or to supply it at the same time depending on the concentration ratio. Alternatively, a predetermined amount of the concentrated liquid may be supplied at an appropriate time after the diluted liquid has been supplied. The supply can be done all at once or in parts, but accurate adjustment cannot be made unless it is done discontinuously and ends before the stop signal.
また2種以上の濃縮液を供給したい場合には、
計量器25と濃縮液供給ライン22を複数にする
こともできる。また、濃縮物は必ずしも液体であ
る必要はなく、錠剤等の利用も可能である。 Also, if you want to supply two or more types of concentrated liquid,
It is also possible to provide a plurality of measuring devices 25 and a plurality of concentrate supply lines 22. Further, the concentrate does not necessarily have to be a liquid, and tablets and the like can also be used.
本発明で使用される全体として一定容量の密閉
容器Aは、第1図に示したダイヤフラム1aを隔
壁としたものに限定されない。たとえば、第2図
においてaはシリンダー/ピストン方式のもので
あり、ピストンロツド31を往復運動させること
により、ヘツド32を移動させる。bはパルスモ
ータ33を正逆回転させ、ラツク・ピニオン機構
34を介して、ベローズ35を伸縮させる。いず
れの場合も、総受入れ液量は一定させる必要があ
り、aではリミツトスイツチ36および爪37
で、またbではパルスモータ33へ付加するパル
ス数でストローク長が規制される。 The airtight container A having a constant capacity as a whole used in the present invention is not limited to the one in which the diaphragm 1a shown in FIG. 1 is used as a partition wall. For example, in FIG. 2, a shows a cylinder/piston system, in which the head 32 is moved by reciprocating the piston rod 31. b rotates the pulse motor 33 in forward and reverse directions to extend and retract the bellows 35 via the rack and pinion mechanism 34; In either case, the total amount of liquid received must be constant, and in case a, the limit switch 36 and the pawl 37
In b, the stroke length is regulated by the number of pulses applied to the pulse motor 33.
本発明の方法は、代謝機能調節等の目的で透析
と限外過を同時に行なう場合に、自動的に所定
濃度に透析液を混合調製し、かつ透析効率を低下
させる事なく、限外過量を正確に測定・規制す
ることのできる、コンパクトで安価な人工腎臓装
置に応用できる。 The method of the present invention automatically mixes and prepares dialysate to a predetermined concentration when dialysis and ultrafiltration are performed simultaneously for the purpose of regulating metabolic function, etc., and prevents ultrafiltration without reducing dialysis efficiency. It can be applied to compact and inexpensive artificial kidney devices that can be accurately measured and regulated.
血液浄化処理に用いる人工腎臓は、中空糸タイ
プ、キールタイプなどが知られており、透析およ
び限外過の原理により、血液中の老廃物、水分
を除去するものであるが、透析液が所定の濃度に
調製されていること、限外過量を正確に規制で
きること、および透析効率が良い事が要求され
る。透析液濃度が正確でないと、透析液〜血液間
の物質交換が正常に実施されないばかりでなく、
血液中の滲透圧が正常値より外れ、細胞内の水分
バランスが異常になることにより、頭痛・嘔吐な
どの不均衝症候群を発生し、死を招くおそれがあ
る。また、限外過液量の制御が不正確であれ
ば、体液中の水分量が変動し、患者の体調は改善
されない。更に透析効率が悪いと、老廃物の除去
が不充分なまま透析が終るか、或いは長時間の透
析を余儀なくされ、やはり患者の負担となる。 Artificial kidneys used for blood purification include hollow fiber types and keel types, which remove waste products and water from the blood using the principles of dialysis and ultrafiltration. It is required that the concentration be adjusted to , be able to precisely control ultraviolet excess, and have good dialysis efficiency. If the dialysate concentration is not accurate, not only will the exchange of substances between the dialysate and the blood not be carried out normally;
The osmotic pressure in the blood deviates from the normal value, causing an abnormal water balance within the cells, which can lead to imbalance syndromes such as headaches and vomiting, which can lead to death. Moreover, if the control of the ultrafluid amount is inaccurate, the amount of water in the body fluid will fluctuate, and the patient's physical condition will not improve. Furthermore, if the dialysis efficiency is poor, the dialysis may end without sufficient removal of waste products, or the dialysis may be forced to continue for a long time, which is a burden on the patient.
このため、本発明者らは人工腎臓への応用につ
いて種々検討し、次のようなシステムが有効であ
る事を見いだした。 For this reason, the present inventors have conducted various studies on the application to artificial kidneys and have found that the following system is effective.
即ち、被処理液と透析液を透析器内において滲
透性半透膜を介して接触させ透析と限外過を同
時に行なわせる流体の分離装置において、透析器
に透析液を供給、流出させるに際し、少なくても
1つの面が変位可能な隔壁により2室に分離され
た透析液容器を用い、該容器の隔壁で分離された
一方の小室と透析器の透析液入口とを連結し、他
方の小室と透析器の透析液出口とを連結して1つ
の密閉回路を形成させ、前記変位可能な隔壁を変
位させることにより、あるいはポンプ等の手段に
より、上記密閉回路に透析液の流れを発生させう
るようにした限外過装置である。該小室に収容
しうる透析液の量は一回の透析をまかなうのには
足らないので、透析続行中に液の補充ができるよ
うにするため、透析器入口と連結された透析液容
器小室を濃縮液と稀釈液の供給ラインに接続し、
透析器出口と連結された他方の小室を液廃棄ライ
ンに接続すると共に、かかる系統を2組以上用意
して、順次切換使用するようにする。 That is, in a fluid separation device in which a liquid to be treated and a dialysate are brought into contact with each other via a permeable semipermeable membrane in a dialyzer to simultaneously perform dialysis and ultrafiltration, when the dialysate is supplied to and flows out of the dialyzer, Using a dialysate container separated into two chambers by a partition wall on which at least one surface is displaceable, one small chamber separated by the partition wall of the container is connected to the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer, and the other small chamber is connected to the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer. and a dialysate outlet of the dialyzer to form a closed circuit, and a flow of dialysate can be generated in the closed circuit by displacing the displaceable septum or by means such as a pump. This is an ultraviolet device. The amount of dialysate that can be stored in this small chamber is not enough for one dialysis session, so in order to be able to replenish the fluid while dialysis continues, a dialysate container small chamber connected to the dialyzer inlet is installed. Connect to the concentrate and diluent supply lines,
The other small chamber connected to the dialyzer outlet is connected to the liquid waste line, and two or more sets of such systems are prepared so that they can be used sequentially.
かかる具体例を第3図により説明する。A,B
は一定容量の透析液容器であり、その構造等は第
1図の場合に準じる。A,Bは電磁弁4,5の作
動に応じて、交互に同一作動を繰返す。 A specific example of this will be explained with reference to FIG. A, B
is a dialysate container with a constant capacity, and its structure is similar to that shown in FIG. A and B alternately repeat the same operation according to the operation of the solenoid valves 4 and 5.
いま図において、容器Bが透析器7に連結され
ている状況を示している。小室2b内に準備され
た新鮮な透析液は、ポンプ6により、電磁弁4
b、透析器7、流量計8、気液分離器9、電磁弁
5bを経て、容器Bの他方の小室3bへ移送さ
れ、密閉回路を形成する。従つて2bから7へ送
液された量と等量の液が7から3bへ廃棄され、
この量はとりもなおさず、ダイヤフラム1bの移
動による変位容積である。この2b〜7〜3bの
密閉回路から定量ポンプ10で液の一部を系外へ
排出すれば、これと全く同じ液量が透析器内の半
透膜を通して、血液側11より透析液側に移行す
る。即ちポンプ10の排出速度を設定すれば、一
義的に限外過量(除水量)が決定される。 In the present figure, a situation is shown in which the container B is connected to the dialyzer 7. The fresh dialysate prepared in the small chamber 2b is pumped through the solenoid valve 4 by the pump 6.
b, through the dialyzer 7, flow meter 8, gas-liquid separator 9, and electromagnetic valve 5b, and is transferred to the other small chamber 3b of the container B, forming a closed circuit. Therefore, the same amount of liquid as sent from 2b to 7 is discarded from 7 to 3b,
This amount is the displacement volume due to the movement of the diaphragm 1b. If a part of the liquid is discharged from the closed circuit of 2b to 7 to 3b to the outside of the system using the metering pump 10, the same amount of liquid will pass through the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer and be transferred from the blood side 11 to the dialysate side. Transition. That is, by setting the discharge speed of the pump 10, the ultimate excess amount (water removal amount) is uniquely determined.
この間、透析液容器Aの側は、電磁弁4a,5
aで前記透析液容器Bの側と切り離されており、
本発明の原理により、3a内の廃透析液を系外に
排出し、新鮮で正確に比率の調節された透析液を
2a内に調製して次の切換えを待機する。その要
領はすでに第1図について説明した。 During this time, the solenoid valves 4a and 5 on the dialysate container A side
separated from the dialysate container B side at a,
According to the principles of the invention, the waste dialysate in 3a is drained out of the system and fresh, precisely proportioned dialysate is prepared in 2a, ready for the next changeover. The procedure has already been explained with reference to FIG.
次にA,B両系統の切換えのタイミングを説明
する。小室2b内の液がすべて7へ移送される
と、図において、ダイヤフラム1bは2bの左壁
に密着する。この状態では液の流れがなくなるの
で、流量計8内のフロート15は低下し、光電ス
イツチ16を作動させる。この信号により電磁弁
4,5を実線のラインから破線のラインに切換え
れば、既に新鮮な透析液が充満された容器Aの小
室2aが透析器7へ連結され、一方容器Bは、本
発明の原理により新鮮な透析液の受入れ、および
使用ずみの透析液の廃棄を開始する。廃棄には、
もちろん適宜浄化処理して再使用することを含
む。なお、上記で明らかな如く、小室2b内の透
析液を消費してしまうまでに、即ち切換え信号が
発せられるまでに、2aは新鮮な透析液を受入
れ、必要に応じて補助混合も含めて準備を完了し
ている必要がある。 Next, the timing of switching between the A and B systems will be explained. When all the liquid in the small chamber 2b is transferred to 7, the diaphragm 1b comes into close contact with the left wall of 2b in the figure. In this state, there is no flow of liquid, so the float 15 in the flowmeter 8 is lowered and the photoelectric switch 16 is activated. When the solenoid valves 4 and 5 are switched from the solid line to the broken line by this signal, the small chamber 2a of the container A, which is already filled with fresh dialysate, is connected to the dialyzer 7, while the container B is connected to the dialyzer 7. The system starts receiving fresh dialysate and disposing of used dialysate. For disposal,
Of course, this includes appropriate purification treatment and reuse. As is clear from the above, by the time the dialysate in the small chamber 2b is consumed, that is, by the time the switching signal is issued, the chamber 2a receives fresh dialysate and prepares it, including auxiliary mixing if necessary. must be completed.
次に気液分離器9について説明する。透析器内
の透析液側は通常陰圧下で操作される。そのため
に顕在化した透析液中の溶存気体や、接続部での
洩れによる気体混入があれば、その分だけポンプ
10の排出量より実際の限外過量が少なくな
る。分離器9はかかる気体を除去するもので、フ
ロート17と電磁弁18を具備しており、気体蓄
積をフロート17のレベル低下で検知し、電磁弁
17を開放することにより、分離器内の気体を大
気へ放出する。 Next, the gas-liquid separator 9 will be explained. The dialysate side within the dialyzer is usually operated under negative pressure. For this reason, if there is dissolved gas in the dialysate or gas contamination due to leakage at the connection, the actual ultraviolet amount will be smaller than the discharge amount of the pump 10 by that amount. The separator 9 removes such gas, and is equipped with a float 17 and a solenoid valve 18. Gas accumulation is detected by a drop in the level of the float 17, and by opening the solenoid valve 17, the gas in the separator is removed. into the atmosphere.
上記の構成の装置により、正確な除水量制御が
可能になり、また新旧の透析液の混合による透析
効率の低下もない効果的な透析治療が可能になつ
た。しかして、本発明はこれをスムースに作動さ
せるために必須のものである。 The apparatus configured as described above enables accurate control of the amount of water removed, and also enables effective dialysis treatment without reducing dialysis efficiency due to mixing of old and new dialysates. Therefore, the present invention is essential for operating this smoothly.
一般に透析液などの濃度調製には、複数個の定
量ポンプの動作を機械的・電子的に連動させた定
比率混合ポンプ方式や、混合透析液の濃度を測定
し、フイードバツクして、濃厚液の供給量を制御
する電子式のものが知られている。しかし前者は
高価で小形化が困難であるばかりでなく、正確性
が充分でない。また後者は測定電極へのゴミ付着
による故障など信頼性に欠けるし、常に完全混合
を期待しなければならず現実的でない。 In general, to adjust the concentration of dialysate, etc., a fixed ratio mixing pump method is used, in which the operations of multiple metering pumps are mechanically and electronically linked, and the concentration of the mixed dialysate is measured and feedback is used to prepare concentrated liquids. Electronic types that control the supply amount are known. However, the former is not only expensive and difficult to miniaturize, but also insufficiently accurate. Furthermore, the latter is unreliable due to failures due to dust adhering to the measurement electrode, and it is not realistic because complete mixing must always be expected.
この点、本発明においては密閉容器の容量が一
定であり、それ以上は入らないことを利用するた
めに、簡易な操作が可能となつた。すなわち稀釈
液の供給は単に充満時の配慮をするだけでよく、
送液量に変動があつても差支えない。家庭にあつ
ては、稀釈液源としては市水が用いられることが
多く、水圧変動や一時的な停止もありうるし、ま
た3aからの排出液の容器がいつぱいになつた
り、こぼれたりして停止を余儀なくされることも
あるので、この点は大きな利点である。もちろん
混合操作の途中では完全に混合していることは要
求されず、次回使用時までに生理的に支障がない
程度に混合されればよい。 In this regard, in the present invention, since the capacity of the sealed container is constant and no more can be filled, simple operation is possible. In other words, the supply of diluent only needs to be taken into account when filling.
There is no problem even if the amount of liquid sent varies. In households, city water is often used as the diluent source, and water pressure fluctuations and temporary stoppages may occur, and there may be times when the container for the liquid discharged from 3a becomes full or spills, resulting in a stoppage. This is a big advantage because you may be forced to do so. Of course, it is not required that the ingredients be completely mixed during the mixing operation, but it is sufficient that the ingredients are mixed to the extent that there is no physiological problem before the next use.
一方、本発明においては混合比率の目標値を適
宜変更でき、さらには濃縮物供給を2系統以上設
けてその相互比率を調節することにより組成をも
変更可能である。現状では、患者の症状は多種多
様であるにもかかわらず、透析液は市販濃縮液を
指定倍率で稀釈し、一率に使用されている。患者
ごとに透析液の処方を変更するのは煩雑なばかり
でなく、他の患者の分と混合したりする危険があ
るため実用的でないからである。このため医師
は、事実上患者の症状に応じた処方をすることが
できず、最大公約数的な処方をもつて治療してい
るのが現状である。 On the other hand, in the present invention, the target value of the mixing ratio can be changed as appropriate, and the composition can also be changed by providing two or more concentrate supply systems and adjusting their mutual ratio. Currently, despite the wide variety of patient symptoms, dialysate is used as a single dialysate by diluting a commercially available concentrate to a specified ratio. This is because changing the dialysate prescription for each patient is not only troublesome, but also impractical because there is a risk of mixing the dialysate with other patients' doses. For this reason, doctors are virtually unable to prescribe prescriptions according to the patient's symptoms, and currently treat patients with prescriptions based on the greatest common denominator.
さらに、本発明にあつては、一回の透析の中途
においてすら、混合比率や組成の変更が容易にで
きるという、従来法では考えられなかつた利点を
も有する。一般に、正常腎の人の血液滲透圧が約
285mOsm/に対して、慢性腎不全患者のそれは
約335mOsm/であり、血液中に蓄積した老廃物
の濃度分に応じて滲透圧が高い。これに対して透
析液の滲透圧Xは、透析終了時の血液滲透圧を正
常腎レベルにするため、約285mOsm/の一定値
に調整されている。そのため次の不都合が指摘さ
れている。 Furthermore, the present invention has the advantage that the mixing ratio and composition can be easily changed even in the middle of one dialysis session, which was unimaginable with conventional methods. In general, the blood permeability pressure of people with normal kidneys is approximately
Compared to 285 mOsm/, that of chronic renal failure patients is approximately 335 mOsm/, and the osmotic pressure is high depending on the concentration of waste products accumulated in the blood. On the other hand, the osmotic pressure X of the dialysate is adjusted to a constant value of about 285 mOsm/ in order to bring the blood osmotic pressure at the end of dialysis to the normal renal level. As a result, the following disadvantages have been pointed out.
即ち、腎不全患者の血液滲透圧Yを非常に高く
している尿素等の低分子老廃物は、透析開始とと
もに比較的早く除去される。それに伴つて第4図
aのごとく血液の滲透圧は急速に低下するが、そ
れに比べ細胞内の老廃物の血液への移行が遅いた
め、依然として細胞内の滲透圧Zは高い。従つ
て、本来は細胞より血液へ移行すべき水分が、逆
に血液中より細胞へ逆流する場合が生ずる。これ
が透析による不均衡症候群の原因の一つであると
されている。 That is, low-molecular waste products such as urea, which make the blood permeation pressure Y of renal failure patients extremely high, are removed relatively quickly upon the start of dialysis. As a result, the osmotic pressure of the blood rapidly decreases as shown in FIG. 4a, but because the transfer of intracellular waste products to the blood is slow compared to this, the osmotic pressure Z within the cells is still high. Therefore, water that should normally flow from the cells to the blood may instead flow back from the blood to the cells. This is said to be one of the causes of imbalance syndrome caused by dialysis.
これの対策としては、透析液の滲透圧X′を、
第4図bに示す如く、透析開始時点では血液の滲
透圧Y′に近い、高いレベルに設定し、透析の進
行とともに、所定の最終値(約285mOsm/)ま
で徐々に低下させればよいものの、操作があまり
にも煩雑で実現できていなかつた。 As a countermeasure for this, the osmotic pressure X′ of the dialysate should be
As shown in Figure 4b, it is sufficient to set the osmotic pressure at a high level close to the blood osmotic pressure Y' at the start of dialysis, and gradually lower it to a predetermined final value (approximately 285 mOsm/) as the dialysis progresses. However, the operation was too complicated and could not be realized.
上記対策の実現のため有効な本発明の一実施態
様を第5図により説明する。第5図は第1図、第
2図中の透析液供給ライン14の詳細を記したも
のであり、各符号の意味も共通である。ピストン
ポンプ25のロツド41にはラツクピニオン機構
42が設けられており、パルスモータ43の回転
運動を41の直線運動に変換する。モータ43は
パルス設定器44より印加されたパルス数に比例
した量だけ正転・逆転する。 An embodiment of the present invention that is effective for realizing the above measures will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows the details of the dialysate supply line 14 in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the meanings of the respective symbols are also the same. A rack and pinion mechanism 42 is provided on the rod 41 of the piston pump 25, and converts the rotational motion of the pulse motor 43 into linear motion. The motor 43 rotates forward or reverse by an amount proportional to the number of pulses applied by the pulse setter 44.
次にモータ43と設定器44の作動を説明す
る。透析液容器の切換え信号が発せられると、パ
ルス設定器44が所定のパルス数をモータ43に
印加し、モータは正転する。これに伴いピストン
ポンプ25内の計量済みの濃縮液が24,22を
通して14へ注入される。所定のパルス数に達す
れば、即ち一回分の注入が完了すれば、44は同
一のパルス数だけモータへ逆転信号を発する。逆
転すると23から濃厚液が25内へ充填される。
所定の逆転パルス数に達した時点、即ち所定の濃
厚液が計量された時点でモータ43は停止し、必
要あれば二回分以降の注入を行なう。完了後、計
量した状態で次の透析液容器切換信号が発せられ
るまで待機する。パルスモータへ印加されるパル
ス数は、プログラマー45で電子的あるいは機械
的に規定され、透析の進行に伴い、第6図に示す
ように徐々に減少させる。これに伴つて一回分の
ストロークも減少し、25より14へ注入される
濃厚液量はプログラムに追従して低下していく。
なお、ストロークの調整に代え、注入回数で規制
することとしてもよい。 Next, the operation of the motor 43 and setting device 44 will be explained. When the dialysate container switching signal is issued, the pulse setter 44 applies a predetermined number of pulses to the motor 43, and the motor rotates normally. Accordingly, the measured concentrated liquid in the piston pump 25 is injected into the piston 14 through 24 and 22. Once a predetermined number of pulses has been reached, ie one injection has been completed, 44 will issue a reversal signal to the motor for the same number of pulses. When reversed, concentrated liquid is filled into 25 from 23.
When a predetermined number of reverse pulses is reached, that is, when a predetermined amount of concentrated liquid is measured, the motor 43 is stopped, and second and subsequent injections are performed if necessary. After completion, wait in the weighed state until the next dialysate container switching signal is issued. The number of pulses applied to the pulse motor is electronically or mechanically defined by the programmer 45, and is gradually decreased as the dialysis progresses, as shown in FIG. Along with this, the stroke per stroke also decreases, and the amount of concentrated liquid injected from 25 to 14 decreases in accordance with the program.
Note that instead of adjusting the stroke, the number of injections may be regulated.
また、21から供給される稀釈液は、清浄水に
限定されものではなく、ベース成分を含んだ透析
液でもよい。たとえば、既に滲透圧が285mOsm/
に調整された一般に使用される条件の透析液を
稀釈液として使用し、濃縮液ライン22から濃度
50%のブドウ糖を添加する場合、透析液容器Aの
容積が500mlであれば、透析開始時は7.24ml/
回、終了時には0となるように、第4図bの
X′の変化に対応するように、ブドウ糖液の添加
量を低下させていけばよい。 Further, the diluent supplied from 21 is not limited to clean water, but may also be a dialysate containing a base component. For example, the osmotic pressure is already 285 mOsm/
A dialysate under commonly used conditions adjusted to
When adding 50% glucose, if the volume of dialysate container A is 500ml, the volume at the start of dialysis is 7.24ml/
times, so that it becomes 0 at the end of the cycle in Figure 4b.
The amount of glucose solution added may be reduced in response to changes in X′.
更に透析治療上の問題として、透析液中にバツ
フアー成分として添加されるアセテート(酢酸
塩)の体内蓄積や代謝による不均衡症候の発生が
あるとされている。これを防ぐためには、アセテ
ートをバイカーボネイト(HCO3 -)に転換する事
が望ましいが、周知の如く、重炭酸イオンは炭酸
イオンになりやすく、かつ透析液中にあるCa++
イオンはCO3 -と結合し沈澱物を生成しやすい。
従つて単に酢酸塩を重炭酸塩に代えるだけでは、
沈澱物による配管詰まりやバルブ作動不良を招
く。さらに、Ca++代謝にも問題が出るであろ
う。 Furthermore, as a problem in dialysis treatment, it is said that acetate, which is added as a buffer component to the dialysate, accumulates in the body and causes imbalance symptoms due to metabolism. To prevent this, it is desirable to convert acetate to bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ), but as is well known, bicarbonate ions easily become carbonate ions, and Ca ++ in the dialysate
Ions tend to combine with CO 3 - and form precipitates.
Therefore, simply replacing acetate with bicarbonate will
Precipitates can cause pipe clogging and valve malfunction. In addition, there will be problems with Ca ++ metabolism.
本発明はこのような問題に対しても効果的であ
る。即ち、炭酸イオンと重炭酸イオンの平衡関係
からしてPHの上昇を抑制すればよいが、その具体
例を第3図で説明する。稀釈液ライン21から
は、Na+濃度110mEq/を含み、滲透圧を237mO
sm/に調整された溶液が供給される。この溶液
はPH調整剤として乳酸を3mEq/含み、そのPH
は、バイカーボネイト液添加後の透析液のPHが
7.7〜7.5になるように4.5前後に調整されている。
この稀釈液に対して、バイカーボネイト液として
重曹を7%含んだ液をポンプ25より注入して、
Na+濃度135mEq/、HCO3 -濃度29mEq/、滲
透圧286mOsm/の透析液とする。 The present invention is also effective against such problems. That is, it is sufficient to suppress the increase in pH based on the equilibrium relationship between carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions, and a specific example of this will be explained with reference to FIG. The diluent line 21 contains a Na + concentration of 110 mEq/, with an osmotic pressure of 237 mO.
A solution adjusted to sm/ is supplied. This solution contains 3 mEq/lactic acid as a pH adjuster, and its pH
is the pH of the dialysate after adding bicarbonate solution.
It has been adjusted around 4.5 to be 7.7-7.5.
A solution containing 7% baking soda as a bicarbonate solution is injected into this diluted solution from the pump 25,
The dialysate has a Na + concentration of 135 mEq/, a HCO 3 - concentration of 29 mEq/, and an osmotic pressure of 286 mOsm/.
このようにすれば、PH調整された液に透析液容
器に入る直前に、重曹液が注入されるので炭酸カ
ルシウムの沈澱もなく、安定した透析が可能であ
る。一方、長期的には乳酸による配管の酸腐蝕の
問題が懸念される。これを改善するには、稀釈液
に炭酸ガスを吸収させ、減圧脱気した後、濃縮液
ラインからバイカーボネイト液を計量・注入する
ことが考えられる。この原理に基づく実施例を第
7図で説明する。51〜54は22〜25に対応
する。本例においては、清浄水はライン61より
供給されるが、炭酸ガスボンベ62からの炭酸ガ
スが混合器63で充分に溶解された後、ヒータ6
4で昇温され、減圧弁65により陰圧−600mmHg
にまで減圧される。この陰圧で顕在化した清浄水
中の溶存空気および未溶解の炭酸ガスを含んだ気
液混合流体はポンプ67で昇圧され、気液分離器
68で気体を分離排除した後、稀釈液ライン21
に供給される。ライン22から計量器25で計量
された乳酸を含まぬ濃縮液、更にライン51から
計量器54で計量された重曹液が注入される。ラ
イン22およびライン51の位置は相互に逆転し
てもよい。 In this way, since the sodium bicarbonate solution is injected into the pH-adjusted solution immediately before it enters the dialysate container, stable dialysis is possible without precipitation of calcium carbonate. On the other hand, in the long term, there is concern about the problem of acid corrosion of piping caused by lactic acid. To improve this, it is possible to make the diluted liquid absorb carbon dioxide gas, degas it under reduced pressure, and then measure and inject the bicarbonate liquid from the concentrated liquid line. An embodiment based on this principle will be explained with reference to FIG. 51-54 correspond to 22-25. In this example, clean water is supplied from the line 61, but after the carbon dioxide gas from the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 62 is sufficiently dissolved in the mixer 63, the heater 6
The temperature is raised at 4, and the negative pressure is -600mmHg by the pressure reducing valve 65.
The pressure is reduced to . The gas-liquid mixed fluid containing dissolved air and undissolved carbon dioxide in the clean water, which has become apparent due to this negative pressure, is pressurized by the pump 67, and after the gas is separated and removed by the gas-liquid separator 68, the diluent line 21
supplied to A concentrated liquid containing no lactic acid, which is measured by a measuring device 25, is injected from a line 22, and a sodium bicarbonate solution, which is measured by a measuring device 54, is injected from a line 51. The positions of line 22 and line 51 may be reversed with respect to each other.
このように、溶存炭酸ガスによりPHは酸性側に
移行し、炭酸塩の析出はない。ヒータ64は、ヒ
ータ表面での炭酸塩の析出およびブドウ糖の炭化
防止のため、重曹が添加される前に設置される必
要があるが、さらに脱気効果の効率向上のため、
ポンプ67の上流にあることが好ましい。炭酸ガ
ス量は、炭酸ガス分圧が最終的に30〜60mmHgに
なるように調整する。 In this way, the pH shifts to the acidic side due to dissolved carbon dioxide gas, and there is no precipitation of carbonates. The heater 64 needs to be installed before baking soda is added in order to prevent carbonate precipitation and glucose carbonization on the heater surface.
Preferably, it is upstream of pump 67. The amount of carbon dioxide gas is adjusted so that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas ultimately becomes 30 to 60 mmHg.
本発明の上に説明したように応用例は、除水量
や透析液濃度の調整を自動化し、患者や治療側の
負担を軽くしただけではなく、症状に応じた最適
の治療法選択を実現し、従来みられた透析治療に
おける不均衡症候群の発生を防止を可能とした。
これらの操作の中心となる中央制御装置も、集積
回路等の発達した今日においては、安価かつ小型
確実なものが入手容易である。 As explained above, the application of the present invention not only automates the adjustment of water removal amount and dialysate concentration, reducing the burden on patients and the treatment side, but also realizes the selection of the optimal treatment method according to the symptoms. This made it possible to prevent the occurrence of disequilibrium syndrome that had previously occurred in dialysis treatment.
Nowadays, with the development of integrated circuits, the central control unit that plays a central role in these operations is inexpensive, small, and reliable and easily available.
更に、本発明の適用対象は人工腎臓における透
析に限定されるものではなく、人工腎臓などの透
析・限外過を併用した、人工的に代謝を行なわ
せる他の人工臓器への適用も可能である。もちろ
ん試薬の調製、正確な濃度の混合液を要する化学
工業などへの応用範囲も広い。 Furthermore, the application of the present invention is not limited to dialysis in artificial kidneys, but can also be applied to other artificial organs such as artificial kidneys in which dialysis and ultraviolet filtration are combined, and in which metabolism is performed artificially. be. Of course, it has a wide range of applications, such as in the chemical industry, which requires preparation of reagents and mixtures with accurate concentrations.
第1図、第3図、第5図、は本発明に係る実施
例であり、第4図、第6図はその原理説明図、第
2図、第7図は他の実施例である。
1, 3 and 5 are embodiments of the present invention, FIGS. 4 and 6 are diagrams explaining the principle thereof, and FIGS. 2 and 7 are other embodiments.
Claims (1)
室に分離された、全体として一定容量の密閉容器
を用いて正確に調節された比率の混合液を調製す
る方法において、まず(a)該隔壁を変位させて第1
の室内の流体を排出すると共に、第2室に必要に
応じて流体を導入し、(b)第1室の排出口と第2室
の導入口を閉鎖し、次に(c)該隔壁を反対方向に
徐々に変位させつつ、該第1室に希釈液を供給
し、同時に該第2室から必要に応じて流体を排出
し、(d)上記(c)の操作が完了するまでの適宜の時期
に、1種または2種以上の濃縮物の所定量を、一
時にまたは分割して非連続的に、希釈液供給口を
通じ、および/または該第1室に直接に加え、(e)
該隔壁の変位が完了するまで該希釈液を該第1室
へ供給することを特徴とする正確に調節された比
率の混合液を調製する方法。1 by means of a bulkhead on which at least one surface is displaceable; 2
In a method for preparing a mixture of precisely controlled ratios using a closed container of generally constant volume separated into chambers, the first step is to (a) displace the partition wall to
(b) close the outlet of the first chamber and the inlet of the second chamber, and (c) close the partition wall. Supplying the diluent to the first chamber while gradually displacing it in the opposite direction, and at the same time discharging the fluid from the second chamber as necessary, (d) as appropriate until the operation of (c) above is completed. (e) adding a predetermined amount of one or more concentrates at once or discontinuously in portions through a diluent supply port and/or directly into said first chamber;
A method for preparing a mixture of precisely controlled proportions, characterized in that the diluent is fed into the first chamber until the displacement of the septum is completed.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10293778A JPS5531416A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Preparing accurately controlled concentration ratio mixed liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10293778A JPS5531416A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Preparing accurately controlled concentration ratio mixed liquid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5531416A JPS5531416A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
JPS6133610B2 true JPS6133610B2 (en) | 1986-08-02 |
Family
ID=14340742
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10293778A Granted JPS5531416A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Preparing accurately controlled concentration ratio mixed liquid |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5531416A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-08-25 JP JP10293778A patent/JPS5531416A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5531416A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
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