JP7391730B2 - 磁石材料、永久磁石、回転電機、及び車両 - Google Patents
磁石材料、永久磁石、回転電機、及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7391730B2 JP7391730B2 JP2020042956A JP2020042956A JP7391730B2 JP 7391730 B2 JP7391730 B2 JP 7391730B2 JP 2020042956 A JP2020042956 A JP 2020042956A JP 2020042956 A JP2020042956 A JP 2020042956A JP 7391730 B2 JP7391730 B2 JP 7391730B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0578—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
実施形態の磁石材料は、希土類元素と、M元素(MはFe及びCoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素)と、Nb元素と、B元素とを含有する。上記磁石材料は、高濃度のM元素を含む結晶相を主相とする金属組織を具備する。主相中のM元素濃度を高めることにより飽和磁化を向上させることができる。主相は、磁石材料中の各結晶相及び非晶質相のうち、最も体積占有率が高い相である。上記磁石材料は副相を含んでいてもよい。副相は例えば主相の結晶粒間に存在する粒界相や微細結晶相、不純物相等である。高濃度のM元素を含む結晶相としては、例えばThMn12型結晶相やTbCu7型結晶相が挙げられる。
第1の実施形態の磁石材料を具備する永久磁石は、各種モータや発電機に使用することができる。また、可変磁束モータや可変磁束発電機の固定磁石や可変磁石として使用することも可能である。第1の実施形態の永久磁石を用いることによって、各種のモータや発電機が構成される。第1の実施形態の永久磁石を可変磁束モータに適用する場合、可変磁束モータの構成やドライブシステムには、例えば特開2008-29148号公報や特開2008-43172号公報に開示されている技術を適用することができる。
原料を適量秤量し、アーク溶解法を用いて合金を作製した。次に、合金を溶解し、得られた溶湯を単ロール法により急冷し、急冷合金薄帯を作製した。上記合金薄帯をAr雰囲気下において650℃の温度で4時間加熱し、ガス急冷した。磁石材料の組成はICP-AESを用いて評価した。また、VSMを用いて永久磁石の保磁力を評価した。磁石材料の組成、保磁力、及び残留磁化の評価結果を表1に示す。
原料を適量秤量し、アーク溶解法を用いて合金を作製した。次に、合金を溶解し、得られた溶湯を単ロール法により急冷し、急冷合金薄帯を作製した。上記合金薄帯をAr雰囲気下において630℃の温度で12時間加熱し、ガス急冷した。磁石材料の組成はICP-AESを用いて評価した。また、VSMを用いて永久磁石の保磁力及び残留磁化を評価した。磁石材料の組成、保磁力、及び残留磁化の評価結果を表1に示す。
原料を適量秤量し、アーク溶解法を用いて合金を作製した。次に、合金を溶解し、得られた溶湯を単ロール法により急冷し、急冷合金薄帯を作製した。上記合金薄帯をAr雰囲気下において600℃の温度で30時間加熱し、ガス急冷した。磁石材料の組成はICP-AESを用いて評価した。また、VSMを用いて永久磁石の保磁力及び残留磁化を評価した。磁石材料の組成、保磁力、及び残留磁化の評価結果を表1に示す。
原料を適量秤量し、アーク溶解法を用いて合金を作製した。次に、合金を溶解し、得られた溶湯を単ロール法により急冷し、急冷合金薄帯を作製した。上記合金薄帯をAr雰囲気下において640℃の温度で1時間加熱し、ガス急冷した。磁石材料の組成はICP-AESを用いて評価した。また、VSMを用いて永久磁石の保磁力及び残留磁化を評価した。磁石材料の組成、保磁力、及び残留磁化の評価結果を表1に示す。磁石材料の組成、保磁力、及び残留磁化の評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例10-16と同様の方法で磁石材料を作製したのち、平均長さが200μm以上500μm以下となるように磁石材料を粉砕した。粉砕粉、エポキシ系樹脂、チタン系カップリング剤を、それぞれ97.0質量%、2.5質量%、0.5質量%となるよう秤量し、アセトンを適量加えて混合した。その後、アセトンを揮発させて混合粉を作製した。得られた混合粉を金型に充填した後に、10.0×102MPaの圧力を印加して充填物を加圧する加圧ステップと、その後大気圧まで脱圧する脱圧ステップと、を交互に切り替えて5回繰り返し、成型体を作製した。得られた成型体を130℃の温度で1時間熱処理してボンド磁石を作製し、密度及び磁気特性を評価した。磁石材料の組成、ボンド磁石の密度、残留磁化、及び最大磁気エネルギー積の評価結果を表2に示す。残留磁化及び最大磁気エネルギー積は、B-Hトレーサーを用いて測定した。
実施例10-16と同様の方法で磁石材料を作製し、平均長さが100μm以上200μm以下となるように磁石材料を粉砕した。粉砕粉、エポキシ系樹脂、チタン系カップリング剤を、それぞれ97.0質量%、2.5質量%、0.5質量%となるよう秤量し、アセトンを適量加えて混合した。その後、アセトンを揮発させて混合粉を作製した。得られた混合粉を金型に充填した後に、10.0×102MPaの圧力を印加して充填物を加圧する加圧ステップと、その後大気圧まで脱圧する脱圧ステップと、を交互に切り替えて5回繰り返し、成型体を作製した。得られた成型体を130℃の温度で1時間熱処理してボンド磁石を作製し、密度及び磁気特性を評価した。磁石材料の組成、ボンド磁石の密度、残留磁化、及び最大磁気エネルギー積の評価結果を表2に示す。残留磁化及び最大磁気エネルギー積は、B-Hトレーサーを用いて測定した。
実施例10-16と同様の方法で磁石材料を作製し、平均長さが200μm以上500μm以下となるように磁石材料を粉砕した。粉砕粉、エポキシ系樹脂、チタン系カップリング剤を、それぞれ97.0質量%、2.5質量%、0.5質量%となるよう秤量し、アセトンを適量加えて混合した。その後、アセトンを揮発させて混合粉を作製した。得られた混合粉を金型に充填した後に、10.0×102MPaの圧力を印加して充填物を加圧する加圧ステップと、その後大気圧まで脱圧する脱圧ステップと、を1回ずつ行い、成型体を作製した。得られた成型体を130℃の温度で1時間熱処理してボンド磁石を作製し、密度及び磁気特性を評価した。磁石材料の組成、ボンド磁石の密度、残留磁化、及び最大磁気エネルギー積の評価結果を表2に示す。残留磁化及び最大磁気エネルギー積は、B-Hトレーサーを用いて測定した。
実施例10-16と同様の方法で磁石材料を作製し、平均長さが100μm以上200μm以下となるように磁石材料を粉砕した。粉砕粉、エポキシ系樹脂、チタン系カップリング剤を、それぞれ97.0質量%、2.5質量%、0.5質量%となるよう秤量し、アセトンを適量加えて混合した。その後、アセトンを揮発させて混合粉を作製した。得られた混合粉を金型に充填した後に、10.0×102MPaの圧力を印加して充填物を加圧する加圧ステップと、その後大気圧まで脱圧する脱圧ステップと、を1回ずつ行い、成型体を作製した。得られた成型体を130℃の温度で1時間熱処理してボンド磁石を作製し、密度及び磁気特性を評価した。磁石材料の組成、ボンド磁石の密度、残留磁化、及び最大磁気エネルギー積の評価結果を表2に示す。残留磁化及び最大磁気エネルギー積は、B-Hトレーサーを用いて測定した。
Claims (13)
- 組成式1:RxNbyBtM100-x-y-t
(Rは希土類元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくともの一つの元素であり、MはFe及びCoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素であり、xは6.5<x≦8原子%を満足する数であり、yは0.75≦x/(x+y)≦0.95を満足する数であり、tは0≦t<12原子%を満足する数である)
により表され、
TnMn12型結晶相及びTbCu7型結晶相からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの結晶相を有する主相を具備し、
z=(100-x-y-t)/(x+y)により定義されるzは、7.5≦z≦12を満足する数であり、
固有保磁力が610kA/m以上であり且つ残留磁化が0.84T以上である、または、前記固有保磁力が660kA/m以上であり且つ前記残留磁化が0.82T以上である、磁石材料。 - 前記tは、8≦t<12原子%を満足する数である、請求項1に記載の磁石材料。
- R元素の50原子%以上がSmである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の磁石材料。
- Nb元素の50原子%以下がZr、Hf、Taからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素により置換されている、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の磁石材料。
- M元素の50原子%以上がFeである、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の磁石材料。
- M元素の20原子%以下がNi、Cu、V、Cr、Mn、Al、Si、Ga、Ta、W、Ti、及びMoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素により置換されている、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の磁石材料。
- 前記主相の平均結晶粒径は、0.1nm以上100nm以下である、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の磁石材料。
- 請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の磁石材料と、
バインダと、
を具備する、永久磁石。 - 前記永久磁石の密度は、6.45g/cm3以上である、請求項8に記載の永久磁石。
- ステータと、
ロータと、を具備し、
前記ステータ又は前記ロータは、請求項8または請求項9に記載の永久磁石を具備する、回転電機。 - 前記ロータは、シャフトを介してタービンに接続されている、請求項10に記載の回転電機。
- 請求項10に記載の回転電機を具備する、車両。
- 前記ロータは、シャフトに接続されており、前記シャフトに回転が伝達される、請求項12に記載の車両。
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JP2000114017A (ja) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石材料および永久磁石 |
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WO2011030387A1 (ja) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-17 | 株式会社 東芝 | 磁石材料、永久磁石、およびそれを用いたモータと発電機 |
JP2018125512A (ja) | 2016-08-24 | 2018-08-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁石材料、永久磁石、回転電機、及び車両 |
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JP3247508B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 2002-01-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 永久磁石 |
JP3171558B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-30 | 2001-05-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁性材料およびボンド磁石 |
JPH113812A (ja) * | 1997-04-03 | 1999-01-06 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石材料およびボンド磁石 |
JP2000114020A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Toshiba Corp | 磁石材料およびボンド磁石 |
JP4481949B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2010-06-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気冷凍用磁性材料 |
WO2017046826A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社 東芝 | 永久磁石および回転電機 |
CN107785140A (zh) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-09 | 株式会社东芝 | 磁铁材料、永久磁铁、旋转电机及车辆 |
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JP2000114017A (ja) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石材料および永久磁石 |
JP2000114016A (ja) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
JP2001035714A (ja) | 1999-05-19 | 2001-02-09 | Toshiba Corp | ボンド磁石とボンド磁石の製造方法、およびそれを用いたアクチュエータ |
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WO2011030387A1 (ja) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-17 | 株式会社 東芝 | 磁石材料、永久磁石、およびそれを用いたモータと発電機 |
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