JP6682557B2 - 石炭を原料としてグラフェンを調製する方法 - Google Patents
石炭を原料としてグラフェンを調製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6682557B2 JP6682557B2 JP2017559116A JP2017559116A JP6682557B2 JP 6682557 B2 JP6682557 B2 JP 6682557B2 JP 2017559116 A JP2017559116 A JP 2017559116A JP 2017559116 A JP2017559116 A JP 2017559116A JP 6682557 B2 JP6682557 B2 JP 6682557B2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 233
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 173
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 small molecule hydrocarbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
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- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C01P2002/85—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/734—Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc.
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- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
石炭塊または石炭粒子を微細化し、微細化石炭粉を得る微細化ステップ;
微細化ステップで得られた石炭粉を活性化溶液に浸漬するとともに常温下で10〜36時間攪拌した後、石炭粉と活性化溶液の混合液を得、前記混合液を乾燥し、石炭粉と活性化溶液との溶融混合物を得る活性化ステップ;
活性化ステップで得られた溶融混合物を不活性ガスまたは水素ガスと不活性雰囲気との混合雰囲気下で炭化させてから自然降温させ、炭化生成物を得る炭化ステップ;
前記炭化生成物を酸洗および水洗し、乾燥させて多孔質グラフェンを得る洗浄乾燥ステップ。
(1)ボールミルにかけてふるい分けた後の粒径が80〜100メッシュの褐炭石炭粉を3g秤量し、35.7mLの、濃度が6mol/LのKOH溶液中に加え(石炭粉とKOHの質量比は1:4)、常温下で24時間攪拌した後、石炭粉とKOHの混合液を120℃で乾燥させて石炭粉とKOHの溶融混合物を得;
(2)ステップ(1)で得られた石炭粉とKOHの溶融混合物を管状炉内に配置して昇温炭化させ:室温から900℃まで昇温させ、昇温速度を5℃/minに制御し、900℃の温度で3h恒温炭化させた後、自然降温させて炭化生成物を得;
(3)ステップ(2)で得られた炭化生成物を2mol//Lの希塩酸で2〜3回洗浄し、さらに脱イオン水で2〜3回洗浄し、最後に80℃で乾燥させ、目標生成物である微孔グラフェンを得る。
ラマンスペクトル、透過型電子顕微鏡、N2吸着、X線光電子分光(XPS)スペクトル、X線回折(XRD)等の手段を用いて、実施例で得られる微孔グラフェン材料のグラファイト化度、ミクロモルホロジーおよび細孔構造パラメータについて詳細に特性評価する。詳細な分析は次の通りである。
Claims (13)
- 石炭を原料としてグラフェンを調製する方法であって、
石炭塊または石炭粒子を微細化し、微細化石炭粉を得る微細化ステップ、
前記微細化ステップで得られた石炭粉を活性化溶液に浸漬するとともに常温下で10〜36時間攪拌した後、石炭粉と活性化溶液の混合液を得、前記混合液を乾燥し、石炭粉と活性化溶液との溶融混合物を得る活性化ステップ、
前記活性化ステップで得られた前記溶融混合物を水素ガスと不活性雰囲気との混合雰囲気下で炭化させてから自然降温させ、炭化生成物を得る炭化ステップ、及び
前記炭化生成物を酸洗および水洗し、乾燥させて多孔質グラフェンを得る洗浄乾燥ステップ、
を含む方法。 - 前記活性化溶液はアルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ土類金属の水酸化物またはその混合物の溶液であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記石炭粉と前記活性化溶液に含まれる活性化剤との質量比は1:0.1〜1:10であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記水素ガスと不活性雰囲気との混合雰囲気においてH2が占める体積分率が0%を超え100%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記炭化ステップにおける炭化温度が500℃〜1200℃であり、炭化滞留時間が0〜10hであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記炭化ステップにおける昇温速度が0.1〜15℃/minであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記活性化溶液の濃度が0mol/Lを超え10mol/L以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記酸洗は希塩酸または硝酸を採用し、かつ、酸洗液の濃度は0.5mol/L〜2mol/Lであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記混合液の乾燥温度は60〜200℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記不活性雰囲気は窒素ガスまたはアルゴンガスであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記石炭粉の固定炭素含有量は40〜70%であり、揮発分の含有量は20〜50%であり、水分含有量は0〜30%であり、灰分含有量は0〜10%であり;石炭種の元素分析要求炭素元素含有量は50〜80%であり、水素元素含有量は0〜10%であり、酸素元素含有量は0〜30%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記石炭粉中の灰分が、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2、MnO2、P2O5の1種または複数種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
- 前記石炭粉中の灰分が、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2Oの1種または複数種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の、グラフェンを調製する方法。
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