JP5628109B2 - Sediment flow test equipment - Google Patents

Sediment flow test equipment Download PDF

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JP5628109B2
JP5628109B2 JP2011170657A JP2011170657A JP5628109B2 JP 5628109 B2 JP5628109 B2 JP 5628109B2 JP 2011170657 A JP2011170657 A JP 2011170657A JP 2011170657 A JP2011170657 A JP 2011170657A JP 5628109 B2 JP5628109 B2 JP 5628109B2
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earth
wire
sand
opening
closing member
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JP2013036762A (en
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英俊 梅沢
英俊 梅沢
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RAITEKU CO., LTD.
TOESU CO., LTD.
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TOESU CO., LTD.
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Description

この発明は、山腹の傾斜面を流下する土砂や雪崩等を道路脇等の所定の位置で受け止める防護柵等の耐久性能を評価するための土砂流下試験装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an earth and sand flow test apparatus for evaluating the durability performance of a protective fence or the like that catches earth and sand or an avalanche that flows down an inclined surface of a mountainside at a predetermined position such as a roadside.

従来から、この種の試験装置として、土砂の代わりに重錘をワイヤロープ等でクレーンに吊り下げ、振り子のように振動させて防護柵に衝突させたり、重錘を自由落下により防護柵に衝突させたりする擬似的な衝撃試験装置がある。また、特許文献１に開示されているように、傾斜路に沿って重錘等の落下物を流下させて防護柵に衝突させる衝撃試験装置もあった。   Conventionally, as this type of test equipment, instead of earth and sand, a weight is suspended from a crane with a wire rope or the like, and is vibrated like a pendulum and collides with a protective fence, or a weight collides with a protective fence by free fall. There is a pseudo-impact testing device. In addition, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is also an impact test apparatus that causes a fallen object such as a weight to flow down along an inclined road and collide with a protective fence.

特開２００２−２９６１６５号公報JP 2002-296165 A

自然に囲まれた山間地域において、山腹の傾斜面を滑り落ちてくる落下物として、土に砂や小石が混じった土砂、大きな岩石、土砂に雨水が混じった土石流、雪崩などが考えられる。従って、それらを受け止める防護柵等の耐久性能の評価は、様々な落下物を想定して行う必要がある。しかし、従来の衝撃試験装置（特許文献１の衝撃試験装置を含む）は、いずれも重錘等の塊を用いて衝撃を加えるものであり、防護柵等に大きな岩石が衝突したときの耐久性能を評価するのに適しているが、土砂や土石流が衝突したときの評価には不適であった。   In the mountainous area surrounded by nature, the fallen objects that slide down the slope of the hillside can be earth and sand mixed with sand and pebbles, large rocks, debris flow mixed with rainwater and earth and avalanches. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the durability performance of a protective fence or the like that catches them, assuming various falling objects. However, all of the conventional impact test devices (including the impact test device of Patent Document 1) apply an impact using a mass such as a weight, and durability performance when a large rock collides with a protective fence or the like. However, it was not suitable for evaluation when sediment or debris flow collided.

防護柵に大きな岩石が衝突した場合、防護柵の特定部分に衝撃力が集中するという特徴がある。一方、落下物が土砂や土石流が衝突した場合、これらは一種の流体と考えることができるので、防護柵の広い範囲に衝撃力が分散するという特徴がある。従って、同じ防護柵であっても、岩石の場合と土砂等の場合とで衝撃を受けたときの挙動が異なり、耐衝撃性能にも違いがある。   When a large rock collides with the protective fence, the impact force concentrates on a specific part of the protective fence. On the other hand, when the fallen object collides with sediment or debris flow, these can be considered as a kind of fluid, so that the impact force is distributed over a wide area of the protective fence. Therefore, even when the same protective fence is used, the behavior when receiving an impact differs between rock and earth and sand, and there is a difference in impact resistance.

一般に、防護柵等を新設する場合、設置場所の山腹の地盤（土質）や気候（降雨量や積雪量）などに鑑みて落下物を想定し、落下物の衝撃に対して十分な性能を備え、かつ過剰品質にならず安価に設置可能な構造の防護柵等を選定する。従って、様々なタイプの防護柵の耐衝撃性能を多面的に評価する必要があり、岩石等の塊を想定した従来の擬似的な衝撃試験装置に代わり、土砂や土石流を想定した土砂流下試験装置が求められていた。   In general, when a protective fence is newly installed, the fallen object is assumed in consideration of the ground (soil) and climate (rainfall and snowfall) on the mountainside of the installation site, and it has sufficient performance against the impact of the fallen object. Select a protective fence that can be installed inexpensively without being over-quality. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the impact resistance performance of various types of protective fences from multiple perspectives. Instead of the conventional pseudo impact test device that assumes rocks and other blocks, sediment flow test device that assumes sediment and debris flow. Was demanded.

この発明は、上記背景技術に鑑みて成されたものであり、防護柵等に対して土砂や土石流を衝突させ、客観性の高い耐衝撃性能評価を可能にするシンプルな構成の土砂流下試験装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the background art described above, and is a sediment flow test apparatus with a simple configuration that enables impact evaluation with high objectivity by colliding sediment or debris flow against a protective fence or the like. The purpose is to provide.

この発明は、傾斜面の下流側に設置された防護柵又は防護壁の耐久性能を評価するための土砂流下試験装置であって、前記傾斜面の上流側に設置され、底面が前記傾斜面の向きに傾斜した土砂収容部を有し、当該土砂収容部の最深部の側面に、前記土砂収容部内の土砂を前記傾斜面に排出する排出口が設けられた土砂貯留槽と、板状体の一端である軸着端が前記排出口の周縁部外面に軸着され、前記排出口を外側から閉鎖することができる回動自在な開閉部材と、前記開閉部材の内面の開閉端部寄りの位置に一端が固定されたワイヤと、前記開閉部材を内側に引っ張る前記ワイヤを保持することによって前記開閉部材が前記排出口の閉鎖状態を維持すると共に、前記ワイヤを解放することによって前記開閉部材を回動自在な状態にするワイヤ保持装置とを備えた土砂流下試験装置である。   The present invention is a sediment flow test apparatus for evaluating the durability performance of a protective fence or a protective wall installed on the downstream side of an inclined surface, and is installed on the upstream side of the inclined surface, and a bottom surface of the inclined surface. An earth-and-sand storage tank having an earth-and-sand container that is inclined in the direction, and a discharge port for discharging the earth and sand in the earth-and-sand container to the inclined surface on the side of the deepest part of the earth-and-sand container; A pivotable opening / closing member whose axial end, which is one end, is axially attached to the outer peripheral surface of the discharge port and capable of closing the discharge port from the outside, and a position near the opening / closing end of the inner surface of the opening / closing member The opening / closing member maintains the closed state of the discharge port by holding the wire having one end fixed to the wire and the wire pulling the opening / closing member inward, and the opening / closing member is rotated by releasing the wire. Wire to move freely A sand falling test device and a lifting device.

前記ワイヤ保持装置は、前記排出口がある側面と対向する側面の上端部に固定された基台と、基端部が前記基台の軸部に支持され、先端部が軸部を中心に上下方向に回動自在なアーム部材と、前記アーム部材の下面から下向きに突設された係止突起と、前記基台上に設けられ、前記アーム部材と一体に下向きに移動したとき前記係止突起の先端部が内側に係合する溝部とを備え、前記ワイヤは、前記開閉部材に固定された一端と反対側の一端に、リング状端部が設けられ、前記ワイヤ保持装置に前記ワイヤを保持させる際は、前記アーム部材を下向きに回動させることによって、前記リング状端部の内側に前記係止突起を挿通させると共に、当該係止突起の先端部を前記溝部に係合させ、前記ワイヤ保持装置が保持している前記ワイヤを解放する際は、前記アーム部材を上向きに回動させることによって、前記係止突起と前記溝部との係合を解除し、前記リング状端部を前記係止突起から脱落させるものである。   The wire holding device includes a base fixed to an upper end portion of a side surface facing the side surface with the discharge port, a base end portion supported by a shaft portion of the base, and a distal end portion vertically extending around the shaft portion. An arm member pivotable in a direction, a locking protrusion protruding downward from the lower surface of the arm member, and the locking protrusion provided on the base and moving downward integrally with the arm member The wire has a groove portion that engages with the inside, and the wire is provided with a ring-shaped end portion at one end opposite to the one end fixed to the opening / closing member, and holds the wire in the wire holding device. When making the arm member rotate downward, the locking projection is inserted inside the ring-shaped end portion, and the tip end portion of the locking projection is engaged with the groove portion. Releases the wire held by the holding device That case, by upwardly pivoting the arm member, to release the engagement with the said locking projection groove, it is the ring-shaped end that is falling from the locking projection.

また、前記開閉部材は、前記軸着端が前記排出口の下側の周縁部外面に軸着されるのが好ましい。前記土砂収容部には前記傾斜面の幅方向に複数の排出口が連続的に設けられ、前記複数の排出口ごとに、前記開閉部材、前記ワイヤ及び前記ワイヤ保持装置が個別に設けられていてもよい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the said opening / closing member is axially attached to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral part below the said discharge port. In the earth and sand container, a plurality of discharge ports are continuously provided in the width direction of the inclined surface, and the opening / closing member, the wire, and the wire holding device are individually provided for each of the plurality of discharge ports. Also good.

この発明の土砂流下試験装置は、山間地や採石場等の傾斜面を利用し、その上流側に土砂貯留槽を設置することによって容易に構成することができる。また、防護柵等に衝突させる土砂についても、土の種類、砂の粒径、水分の含有量など、特に制限なく自由に設定することができる。   The sediment flow test apparatus according to the present invention can be easily configured by using an inclined surface such as a mountainous area or a quarry and installing a sediment storage tank upstream thereof. In addition, the earth and sand that collides with the protective fence and the like can be freely set without particular limitation, such as the kind of earth, the particle size of the sand, and the moisture content.

排出口を閉鎖する開閉部材は、ワイヤ保持装置に保持されたワイヤを解放することによってほとんど抵抗なく瞬時に開くので、排出口から排出される土砂の初速度や時間当たりの流量が安定する。従って、土砂流下試験を繰り返し行う際も、試験条件の再現性が確保される。開閉部材を開閉する動作は、非常に簡単な機構により実現されるので、装置全体を非常にシンプルに構成することができる。   Since the opening / closing member that closes the discharge port opens instantaneously with little resistance by releasing the wire held by the wire holding device, the initial speed and the flow rate per hour discharged from the discharge port are stabilized. Therefore, the reproducibility of the test conditions is ensured even when the sediment flow test is repeated. Since the operation of opening and closing the opening / closing member is realized by a very simple mechanism, the entire apparatus can be configured very simply.

この発明の土砂流下試験装置の一実施形態と試験対象の防護柵を示す正面図（ａ）、右側面図（ｂ）、Ａ−Ａ断面図（ｃ）である。It is the front view (a), right side view (b), and AA sectional view (c) which show one embodiment of the earth and sand flow test device of this invention, and the protection fence of a test object. この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置の部分拡大Ａ−Ａ断面図である。It is a partial expanded AA sectional view of the sediment flow test device of this embodiment. この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置のワイヤ保持装置がワイヤを保持する動作を説明する右側面図（ａ）、係止突起及び溝部の係合状態を示す模式図（ｂ）、ワイヤを解放する動作を説明する右側面図（ｃ）である。Right side view (a) for explaining the operation of the wire holding device of the sediment flow test apparatus of this embodiment holding the wire, (a) a schematic view showing the engagement state of the locking projection and the groove, and the operation for releasing the wire It is a right view (c) explaining these. この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置に土砂を投入する様子を示す部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows a mode that earth and sand are thrown into the earth and sand flow test apparatus of this embodiment. この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置のワイヤ保持装置を操作して開閉部材を開く動作を説明する部分断面図（ａ），（ｂ）である。It is partial sectional drawing (a), (b) explaining the operation | movement which opens the opening-and-closing member by operating the wire holding | maintenance apparatus of the sediment flow test apparatus of this embodiment.

以下、この発明の土砂流下試験装置の一実施形態の構成について、図１〜図３に基づいて説明する。この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置１０は、採石場等の傾斜面１２の上流側に設置され、下流側の平坦部に設置された防護柵１４に土砂Ｗを流下させる装置である。ここで、試験対象の防護柵１４は、例えば全高３〜４ｍ、全幅１２〜１５ｍの大きさで、傾斜面１２の幅方向に一列に立設された４本の支柱１４ａにネット１４ｂが張設されたものである。   Hereinafter, the configuration of an embodiment of the sediment flow test apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The earth and sand flow test apparatus 10 of this embodiment is an apparatus installed on the upstream side of the inclined surface 12 of a quarry or the like, and causes the earth and sand W to flow down to the protective fence 14 installed on the flat part on the downstream side. Here, the guard fence 14 to be tested has a total height of 3 to 4 m and a total width of 12 to 15 m, for example, and a net 14 b is stretched on four columns 14 a that are erected in a row in the width direction of the inclined surface 12. It has been done.

土砂流下試験装置１０は、傾斜面１２の上流側の例えば約２５ｍの高さに造成した平坦部に設置され、図１に示すように、土砂貯留槽１６、開閉部材１８、ワイヤ２０及びワイヤ保持装置２２で構成されている。傾斜面１２の傾斜角は、想定する斜面や設置可能な傾斜面に合わせて適宜選択され、例えば約５０度の傾斜面に設定される。   The earth and sand flow test device 10 is installed in a flat part formed at a height of, for example, about 25 m on the upstream side of the inclined surface 12, and as shown in FIG. 1, the earth and sand storage tank 16, the opening and closing member 18, the wire 20, and the wire holding The device 22 is configured. The inclination angle of the inclined surface 12 is appropriately selected according to the assumed inclined surface and the inclined surface that can be installed, and is set to, for example, an inclined surface of about 50 degrees.

土砂貯留槽１６は、上端が開口した略矩形の箱体であり、その内側に土砂収容部２４が設けられている。土砂収容部２４は、底面２４ａ全体が傾斜面１２の方向に大きく傾斜しており、土砂貯留槽１６の容積のうち、斜め上半分が土砂収容部２４になっている。土砂貯留槽１６の上端の開口は、土砂収容部２４に土砂Ｗを搬入する搬入口となる。さらに土砂貯留槽１６には、土砂収容部２４の最深部の側面に、土砂収容部２４の幅いっぱいに連続的に開口する矩形の排出口２６が４つ設けられ、後述する開閉部材１８が開いたとき、内部の土砂Ｗが自重で傾斜面１２に排出されるようになっている。   The earth and sand storage tank 16 is a substantially rectangular box having an open upper end, and an earth and sand container 24 is provided inside thereof. As for the earth and sand accommodating part 24, the whole bottom face 24a is largely inclined in the direction of the inclined surface 12, and the upper half of the earth and sand storage tank 16 is the earth and sand accommodating part 24. The opening at the upper end of the sediment storage tank 16 serves as a carry-in entrance for carrying the sediment W into the sediment storage unit 24. Further, the earth and sand storage tank 16 is provided with four rectangular discharge ports 26 that continuously open to the full width of the earth and sand container 24 on the side surface of the deepest part of the earth and sand container 24, and an opening and closing member 18 described later is opened. In this case, the inner earth and sand W is discharged to the inclined surface 12 by its own weight.

開閉部材１８は、個々の排出口２６よりも大きい４枚の板状体であり、各排出口２６の下側の周縁部の外面に、各板状体の一端である軸着端１８ａが回動自在に軸着されている。そして、各開閉部材１８を土砂貯留槽１６の側に回動させることによって、図１（ｂ），（ｃ）に示すように、排出口２６を外側から個々に閉鎖することができる。   The opening / closing member 18 is four plate-like bodies that are larger than the individual discharge ports 26, and a shaft-attached end 18 a that is one end of each plate-like member is rotated on the outer surface of the lower peripheral portion of each discharge port 26. It is pivotally mounted. And by rotating each opening-and-closing member 18 to the earth and sand storage tank 16 side, as shown in Drawing 1 (b) and (c), outlet 26 can be individually closed from the outside.

ワイヤ２０は、開閉部材１８を引っ張って排出口２６を閉鎖するための部材であり、開閉部材１８ごとに１本ずつ設けられ、図２に示すように、一端が、開閉部材１８の開閉端１８ｂ寄りの内面に固定されている。ワイヤ２０の他端には、ワイヤ２０の端部をリング状に処理したリング状端部２０ａが設けられている。   The wire 20 is a member for pulling the opening / closing member 18 to close the discharge port 26, and one wire is provided for each opening / closing member 18, and one end is an opening / closing end 18 b of the opening / closing member 18 as shown in FIG. 2. It is fixed to the inner surface of the side. The other end of the wire 20 is provided with a ring-shaped end 20a obtained by processing the end of the wire 20 into a ring shape.

ワイヤ保持装置２２は、各ワイヤ２０ごとに１台ずつ設けられ、ワイヤ２０を引っ張った状態でリング状端部２０ａを保持すると共に、保持しているリング状端部２０ａを瞬時に解放することができる装置である。ワイヤ保持装置２２は、図３に示すように、土砂貯留槽１６の排出口２６と反対側の側面の上端部に固定された基台２８と、基台２８に取り付けられたアーム部材３０とで構成されている。アーム部材３０は、基端部３０ａが基台２８の軸部３２に支持され、先端部３０ｂが排出口２６の側に向いて突出し、軸部３２を中心に上下方向に回動自在になっている。アーム部材３０の下面の基端部３０ａ寄りの位置には、係止突起３０ｃが下向きに突設されている。係止突起３０ｃは、リング状端部２０ａの内側に挿抜自在な太さに形成され、その先端部が、アーム部材３０と一体に下向きに移動したときに、基台２８上に設けた溝部３４の内側に係合する構造になっている。   One wire holding device 22 is provided for each wire 20 and can hold the ring-shaped end 20a in a state where the wire 20 is pulled, and can instantaneously release the held ring-shaped end 20a. It is a device that can. As shown in FIG. 3, the wire holding device 22 includes a base 28 fixed to the upper end of the side opposite to the discharge port 26 of the earth and sand storage tank 16 and an arm member 30 attached to the base 28. It is configured. The arm member 30 has a base end portion 30 a supported by the shaft portion 32 of the base 28, a tip end portion 30 b protruding toward the discharge port 26, and is rotatable up and down around the shaft portion 32. Yes. At a position near the base end portion 30 a on the lower surface of the arm member 30, a locking projection 30 c protrudes downward. The locking projection 30c is formed in a thickness that can be inserted and removed inside the ring-shaped end portion 20a, and a groove portion 34 provided on the base 28 when the distal end portion thereof moves downward integrally with the arm member 30. It has a structure that engages with the inside.

ワイヤ保持装置２２は、図３（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、開閉部材１８を閉じる方向に引っ張るワイヤ２０のリング状端部２０ａが係止突起３０ｃに挿通され、アーム部材３０の先端部３０ｂの側が下向きに移動させる操作がされることによって、係止突起３０ｃの先端部が溝部３４内に係合してリング状端部２０ａを保持し、開閉部材１８が排出口２６の閉鎖状態を維持する。さらに、その状態からアーム部材３０の先端部３０ｂの側を上向きに移動させる操作がされ、係止突起３０ｃの先端部と溝部３４との係合が解除すると、図３（ｃ）に示すように、リング状端部２０ａが係止突起３０ｃから脱落してワイヤ２０が解放され、開閉部材１８が回動自在な状態にする。   As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the wire holding device 22 has a ring-shaped end portion 20 a of a wire 20 that pulls the opening / closing member 18 in a closing direction, and is inserted into a locking projection 30 c. By the operation of moving the side of the portion 30b downward, the tip end portion of the locking projection 30c is engaged in the groove portion 34 to hold the ring-shaped end portion 20a, and the opening / closing member 18 is in the closed state of the discharge port 26 To maintain. Further, when the operation of moving the tip portion 30b side of the arm member 30 upward from the state is performed and the engagement between the tip portion of the locking projection 30c and the groove portion 34 is released, as shown in FIG. Then, the ring-shaped end portion 20a is dropped from the locking projection 30c, the wire 20 is released, and the opening / closing member 18 is allowed to rotate.

次に、土砂流下試験装置１０を用いて防護柵１４に対する土砂流下試験を行うときの手順と動作について、図４、図５に基づいて説明する。まず、土砂収容部２４に土砂Ｗがないことを確認し、各開閉部材１８で４つの排出口２６を個々に閉鎖し、各ワイヤ保持装置２２で対応するワイヤ２０のリング状端部２０ａを保持し、閉鎖状態を維持する（図１（ａ）、図２に示す状態）。次に、図４に示すように、パワーショベル３６等の重機を用いて、土砂収容部２４に土砂Ｗを投入する。ここでは、土砂Ｗは、土、小石、水などを所定の配合で混合した実験用の土砂であり、例えば上述の土砂収容部２４の大きさの場合、１回の土砂流下試験に約５０立方メートルの土砂Ｗを使用する。   Next, the procedure and operation | movement at the time of performing the sediment flow test with respect to the protection fence 14 using the sediment flow test apparatus 10 are demonstrated based on FIG. 4, FIG. First, it is confirmed that there is no earth and sand W in the earth and sand container 24, the four discharge ports 26 are individually closed by the opening and closing members 18, and the ring-shaped end portions 20 a of the corresponding wires 20 are held by the wire holding devices 22. Then, the closed state is maintained (the state shown in FIGS. 1A and 2). Next, as shown in FIG. 4, earth and sand W is put into the earth and sand container 24 using a heavy machine such as a power shovel 36. Here, the earth and sand W is an experimental earth and sand in which earth, pebbles, water and the like are mixed in a predetermined composition. For example, in the case of the size of the earth and sand container 24 described above, about 50 cubic meters for one earth and sand flow test. Use the earth and sand W.

土砂収容部２４への土砂Ｗの投入が終わると、各排出口２６を開放するための準備を行う。まず、４つのアーム部材３０のうちの両端２台の設置間隔よりも長さの長い鋼材３８を用意する。次に、土砂流下試験装置１０のほぼ中央の位置にパワーショベル３６を配置し、図５（ａ）に示すように、バケット３６ａの基端係合部に複数の吊下ワイヤ４０を取り付け、鋼材３８が水平になるように左右均等に吊り下げる。ここで、図５の鋼材３８は、図面の奥行き方向に長く、複数の吊下ワイヤ４０は図面の奥行き方向に設けられている。次に、各アーム部材３０の先端部３０ｂから、同じ長さの連結ワイヤ４２を上方に引き出し、その端部を鋼材３８の下側にそれぞれ固定する。この時点で図５（ａ）に示す状態となり、開閉部材１８を開放する準備が終了する。   When the earth and sand W has been introduced into the earth and sand container 24, preparations for opening the discharge ports 26 are made. First, a steel material 38 having a length longer than the installation interval between the two ends of the four arm members 30 is prepared. Next, the excavator 36 is disposed at a substantially central position of the earth and sand flow test device 10, and a plurality of suspension wires 40 are attached to the proximal end engaging portion of the bucket 36a as shown in FIG. Hang 38 evenly so that 38 is horizontal. Here, the steel material 38 of FIG. 5 is long in the depth direction of the drawing, and the plurality of hanging wires 40 are provided in the depth direction of the drawing. Next, the connecting wire 42 having the same length is drawn upward from the distal end portion 30 b of each arm member 30, and the end portion is fixed to the lower side of the steel material 38. At this point, the state shown in FIG. 5A is reached, and the preparation for opening the opening / closing member 18 is completed.

開閉部材１８を開放する操作は、図５（ｂ）に示すように、ショベルカー３６で鋼材３８を持ち上げることによって行う。鋼材３８がショベルカー３６のアームにより持ち上げられて水平を維持しながら上昇すると、各アーム部材３０も連結ワイヤ４２に引っ張られて上方に移動し、各ワイヤ２０のリング状端部２０ａがほぼ同時に解放され、各開閉部材１８が回動自在な状態になる。すると、土砂Ｗが底面２４ａを滑り落ちようとする力に押されて傾斜面１２の側に倒れて大きく開き、土砂Ｗが排出口２６から勢いよく排出される。そして、傾斜面１２を流下した土砂Ｗは防護柵１４の側面に衝突し、防護柵１４に所定の衝撃が加わることになる。   The operation of opening the opening / closing member 18 is performed by lifting a steel material 38 with a shovel car 36 as shown in FIG. When the steel material 38 is lifted by the arm of the shovel car 36 and rises while maintaining the level, each arm member 30 is also pulled by the connecting wire 42 and moved upward, and the ring-shaped end 20a of each wire 20 is released almost simultaneously. Thus, each opening / closing member 18 is in a rotatable state. Then, the earth and sand W are pushed by the force that slides down the bottom surface 24 a and falls down to the inclined surface 12 side so that the earth and sand W are discharged from the discharge port 26 with great force. And the earth and sand W which flowed down the inclined surface 12 collides with the side surface of the protection fence 14, and a predetermined impact is added to the protection fence 14. FIG.

土砂を受け止めた防護柵１４は、破損状態に基づいて耐衝撃性能が評価される。このとき、あらかじめ、防護柵１４の支柱１４ａやネット１４ｂの各所、および防護柵１４が設置されている地盤の各所に衝撃センサ等を取り付けておき、防護柵１４等に加わった衝撃に関する詳細データを取得することが好ましい。そうすれば、土砂流下試験結果を分析する際、土砂流下を受けた防護柵１４の破損状態を観察するだけでなく、土砂Ｗが防護柵１４の各部に加えた衝撃力の分布（大きさ、向き）等を詳細に把握し、試験条件及び結果の妥当性の評価も行うことができる。   The protective fence 14 that has received the earth and sand is evaluated for impact resistance based on the state of breakage. At this time, shock sensors and the like are attached in advance to each part of the support post 14a and the net 14b of the protective fence 14 and each part of the ground where the protective fence 14 is installed, and detailed data regarding the impact applied to the protective fence 14 etc. It is preferable to obtain. Then, when analyzing the sediment flow test results, not only the damage state of the protective fence 14 that has been subjected to the sediment flow, but also the distribution of the impact force applied to each part of the protective fence 14 (size, Orientation), etc., and the validity of the test conditions and results can be evaluated.

なお、この土砂流下試験装置１０は、ワイヤ２０に過剰な引張力が加わって断線するのを防止するため、ワイヤ２０を４本に増やしている。それにより、１本当たりのワイヤ２０が担当する開閉部材１８の大きさ、すなわち１本当たりのワイヤ２０が支持する土砂Ｗの量が制限されている。また、開閉部材１８が４つに分けて設けてあるのも、ワイヤ２０の断線を防止するためである。仮に４つの開閉部材１８を一体に設けた場合、開閉部材１８を開けるとき、４つのリング状端部２０ａが各係止突起３０ｃから解放されるタイミングにズレが生じ、解放が遅れたワイヤ２０に引張力が集中して断線するおそれがある。土砂流下試験装置１０では、４つのリング状端部２０ａが解放されるタイミングを一致させるため、複数のアーム部材３０を１本の鋼材３８を介して連結して同時に上昇させている。さらに、ワイヤ２０を４本に増やし開閉部材１８も４つに分割し、特定のワイヤ２０に引張力が集中しないようにしてある。   The earth and sand flow test apparatus 10 increases the number of wires 20 to four in order to prevent an excessive tensile force from being applied to the wires 20 and disconnection. Thereby, the size of the opening and closing member 18 that the wire 20 per wire is in charge, that is, the amount of earth and sand W supported by the wire 20 per wire is limited. The reason why the opening / closing member 18 is divided into four is to prevent the wire 20 from being disconnected. If the four opening / closing members 18 are integrally provided, when the opening / closing member 18 is opened, a deviation occurs at the timing when the four ring-shaped end portions 20a are released from the respective locking projections 30c, and the release 20 is delayed. There is a risk of disconnection due to concentration of tensile force. In the earth and sand flow test device 10, a plurality of arm members 30 are connected through a single steel member 38 and are simultaneously raised in order to match the timing when the four ring-shaped end portions 20 a are released. Further, the number of the wires 20 is increased to four, and the opening / closing member 18 is also divided into four so that the tensile force is not concentrated on the specific wire 20.

以上説明したように、この実施形態の土砂流下試験装置１０は、採石場等の傾斜面１２を利用し、その上流側に土砂貯留槽１６を設置することによって容易に構成することができる。また、排出口１８から排出して防護柵１４に衝突させる土砂Ｗについても、土の種類、砂の粒径、水分の含有量など、特に制限なく自由に変更することができる。   As described above, the sediment flow test apparatus 10 of this embodiment can be easily configured by using the inclined surface 12 such as a quarry and installing the sediment storage tank 16 on the upstream side thereof. Also, the earth and sand W discharged from the outlet 18 and colliding with the protective fence 14 can be freely changed without particular limitation, such as the kind of soil, the particle size of the sand, and the moisture content.

また、土砂Ｗは不定形な流体であり、防護柵１４の各部に加わる衝撃力の分布（向き、大きさ）を毎回一律に制御することが困難なので、試験を何回か繰り返えし行うこともある。その場合でも、排出口１６を閉鎖する開閉部材１８は、ワイヤ保持装置２２に保持されたワイヤ２０を解放することによってほとんど抵抗なく瞬時に開くので、排出口２６から排出される土砂Ｗの初速度や時間当たりの流量が安定し、試験条件の再現性を確保することができる。   Also, since the earth and sand W is an irregular fluid and it is difficult to uniformly control the distribution (direction and size) of the impact force applied to each part of the protective fence 14 every time, the test is repeated several times. Sometimes. Even in that case, the opening / closing member 18 that closes the discharge port 16 opens instantaneously with almost no resistance by releasing the wire 20 held by the wire holding device 22, so the initial speed of the earth and sand W discharged from the discharge port 26 In addition, the flow rate per time is stabilized, and the reproducibility of the test conditions can be secured.

また、開閉部材１８を開閉する動作は、一端が開閉部材１８に固定されたワイヤ２０の他端のリング状端部２０ａを引っ張り、係止突起３０ｃに引っ掛けて保持し、その後解放する、という非常に簡単な機構であり、例えば、土砂搬入用のショベルカー３６の動力を利用して容易に駆動できるので、専用の動力源や制御装置等の高価な設備が不要である。また、装置全体をシンプルに構成できるので、土砂流下試験装置１０を試験現場に運搬し、設営し、撤収するという作業の負担が軽減される。   Further, the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing member 18 is an emergency in which one end of the wire 20 fixed to the opening / closing member 18 is pulled, held on the locking protrusion 30c, and then released. For example, since it can be easily driven by using the power of the excavator 36 for carrying earth and sand, expensive equipment such as a dedicated power source and a control device is not required. Moreover, since the whole apparatus can be comprised simply, the burden of the operation | work which transports the earth and sand flow-down test apparatus 10 to a test site, installs, and withdraws is reduced.

なお、この発明の土砂流下試験装置は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。例えば、排出口、開閉部材、ワイヤ保持装置の数や大きさは、試験対象の防護柵等の大きさ、使用するワイヤの強度、流下させる土砂の量などに合わせて適宜増減することができる。また、この土砂流下試験装置が設置される傾斜面の態様（傾斜角、高さ、平坦度など）についても、特に制限はなく、防護柵等に加える狙いの衝撃力を得ることができるものであればよい。   In addition, the earth and sand flow test apparatus of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, the number and size of the discharge ports, opening / closing members, and wire holding devices can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the size of the protection fence to be tested, the strength of the wire to be used, the amount of earth and sand to flow down, and the like. In addition, there are no particular restrictions on the aspect of the inclined surface (inclination angle, height, flatness, etc.) on which this earth and sand flow test device is installed, and it is possible to obtain a targeted impact force applied to a protective fence or the like. I just need it.

また、ワイヤ保持装置の構成は、開閉部材を開くときに保持しているワイヤの端部を瞬時に解放できる構造であればよく、ワイヤのリング状端部に係止突起を挿入して保持する構成以外の公知の構造を使用してもよい。   Moreover, the structure of the wire holding device may be a structure that can instantaneously release the end portion of the wire that is held when the opening / closing member is opened, and the holding projection is inserted and held in the ring-shaped end portion of the wire. You may use well-known structures other than a structure.

また、開閉部材が土砂の重さよりも十分に軽いときは、開閉部材の軸着端を排出口の上側の周縁部外面に軸着し、開閉部材を吊り下げるような構造にしてもよい。そうすれば、排出口から土砂が排出される動作を妨げることがなく、開閉部材を閉じる作業も容易である。   Further, when the opening / closing member is sufficiently lighter than the weight of the earth and sand, the opening / closing member may be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the upper peripheral edge of the discharge port and the opening / closing member may be suspended. If it does so, the operation | work which closes an opening-and-closing member is also easy, without preventing the operation | movement by which earth and sand are discharged | emitted from a discharge port.

１０ 土砂流下試験装置
１２ 傾斜面
１６ 土砂貯留槽
１８ 開閉部材
１８ａ 軸着端部
１８ｂ 開閉端部
２０ ワイヤ
２０ａ リング状端部
２２ ワイヤ保持装置
２４ 土砂収容部
２４ 底面
２６ 排出口
２８ 基台
３０ アーム部材
３０ａ 基端部
３０ｂ 先端部
３０ｃ 係止突起
３２ 軸部
３４ 溝部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Sediment flow test apparatus 12 Inclined surface 16 Sediment storage tank 18 Opening / closing member 18a Shaft-attached end part 18b Opening / closing end part 20 Wire 20a Ring-shaped end part 22 Wire holding device 24 Sediment storage part 24 Bottom face 26 Discharge port 28 Base 30 Arm member 30a Base end portion 30b Tip end portion 30c Locking protrusion 32 Shaft portion 34 Groove portion

Claims (4)

傾斜面の下流側に設置された防護柵又は防護壁の耐久性能を評価するための土砂流下試験装置であって、
前記傾斜面の上流側に設置され、底面が前記傾斜面の向きに傾斜した土砂収容部を有し、当該土砂収容部の最深部の側面に、前記土砂収容部内の土砂を前記傾斜面に排出する排出口が設けられた土砂貯留槽と、
板状体の一端である軸着端が前記排出口の周縁部外面に軸着され、前記排出口を外側から閉鎖することができる回動自在な開閉部材と、
前記開閉部材の内面の開閉端部寄りの位置に一端が固定されたワイヤと、
前記開閉部材を内側に引っ張る前記ワイヤを保持することによって前記開閉部材が前記排出口の閉鎖状態を維持すると共に、前記ワイヤを解放することによって前記開閉部材を回動自在な状態にするワイヤ保持装置とを備えたことを特徴とする土砂流下試験装置。 A sediment flow test apparatus for evaluating the durability performance of a protective fence or protective wall installed on the downstream side of an inclined surface,
It is installed on the upstream side of the inclined surface, and has a earth and sand accommodating portion whose bottom surface is inclined in the direction of the inclined surface, and the earth and sand in the earth and sand accommodating portion is discharged to the inclined surface on the side surface of the deepest portion of the earth and sand accommodating portion. An earth and sand storage tank provided with a discharge port,
A pivotable opening and closing member that is pivotally attached to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral edge of the discharge port, and that is capable of closing the discharge port from the outside.
A wire having one end fixed at a position near the open / close end of the inner surface of the open / close member;
A wire holding device that holds the wire that pulls the opening and closing member inward so that the opening and closing member maintains a closed state of the discharge port and releases the wire so that the opening and closing member is rotatable. A sediment flow test apparatus characterized by comprising: 前記ワイヤ保持装置は、前記排出口がある側面と対向する側面の上端部に固定された基台と、基端部が前記基台の軸部に支持され、先端部が軸部を中心に上下方向に回動自在なアーム部材と、前記アーム部材の下面から下向きに突設された係止突起と、前記基台上に設けられ、前記アーム部材と一体に下向きに移動したとき前記係止突起の先端部が内側に係合する溝部とを備え、
前記ワイヤは、前記開閉部材に固定された一端と反対側の一端に、リング状端部が設けられ、
前記ワイヤ保持装置に前記ワイヤを保持させる際は、前記アーム部材を下向きに回動させることによって、前記リング状端部の内側に前記係止突起を挿通させると共に、当該係止突起の先端部を前記溝部に係合させ、
前記ワイヤ保持装置が保持している前記ワイヤを解放する際には、前記アーム部材を上向きに回動させることによって、前記係止突起と前記溝部との係合を解除し、前記リング状端部を前記係止突起から脱落させる請求項１記載の土砂流下試験装置。 The wire holding device includes a base fixed to an upper end portion of a side surface facing the side surface with the discharge port, a base end portion supported by a shaft portion of the base, and a distal end portion vertically extending around the shaft portion. An arm member pivotable in a direction, a locking protrusion protruding downward from the lower surface of the arm member, and the locking protrusion provided on the base and moving downward integrally with the arm member And a groove part that engages the tip part of the inside,
The wire is provided with a ring-shaped end at one end opposite to the one end fixed to the opening / closing member,
When the wire holding device holds the wire, the arm member is rotated downward to insert the locking protrusion inside the ring-shaped end, and the tip of the locking protrusion is Engage with the groove,
When releasing the wire held by the wire holding device, the arm member is turned upward to release the engagement between the locking projection and the groove portion, and the ring-shaped end portion. The earth and sand flow test device according to claim 1, wherein 前記開閉部材は、前記軸着端が前記排出口の下側の周縁部外面に軸着されている請求項１又は２記載の防護柵用の土砂流下試験装置。   3. The sediment flow test apparatus for a protective fence according to claim 1, wherein the shaft-attaching end of the opening / closing member is pivotally attached to the outer peripheral surface of the lower edge of the discharge port. 前記土砂収容部には前記傾斜面の幅方向に複数の排出口が連続的に設けられ、
前記複数の排出口ごとに、前記開閉部材、前記ワイヤ及び前記ワイヤ保持装置が個別に設けられている請求項１又は２記載の土砂流下試験装置。
A plurality of discharge ports are continuously provided in the width direction of the inclined surface in the earth and sand container,
The sediment flow test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the opening / closing member, the wire, and the wire holding device are individually provided for each of the plurality of discharge ports.
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