JP4257018B2 - Tractor front wheel transmission - Google Patents

Tractor front wheel transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4257018B2
JP4257018B2 JP2000135768A JP2000135768A JP4257018B2 JP 4257018 B2 JP4257018 B2 JP 4257018B2 JP 2000135768 A JP2000135768 A JP 2000135768A JP 2000135768 A JP2000135768 A JP 2000135768A JP 4257018 B2 JP4257018 B2 JP 4257018B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
front wheel
differential
case
clutch
transmission
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JP2000135768A
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JP2001315542A (en
Inventor
正明 中沢
博 二木
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IHI Shibaura Machinery Corp
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IHI Shibaura Machinery Corp
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  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、前輪の周速度を後輪の周速度に対して、略同速度としたり、無段階に変速可能とする機構を備えたトラクタの前輪変速装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の四輪駆動のトラクタにおける通常の走行時には、前輪の周速度と後輪の周速度とが略等しく設定されている。一方、旋回時において旋回半径を小さくするためには、前輪の周速度を後輪の周速度よりも大きく設定する必要がある。そこで、前輪の周速度と後輪の周速度とが略等しくなる標準伝達状態と、前輪の周速度が後輪の周速度より大きくなる増速伝達状態とに切り換えられる前輪倍速装置を、前輪への動力伝達中に設け、旋回時にはこの前輪倍速装置を増速伝動状態に切り換えて、旋回半径を小さくすることが行われている。例えば実公平6−28346の技術である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記のような従来技術においては、前輪を一定角度切った時点で増速状態と切り換わるため、変形した圃場を畦に沿って耕耘する場合や、芝や草を刈るモア作業時等では、前輪の切れ角に応じた前輪速度が得られず、旋回し過ぎたり、蛇行して圃場を荒らしてしまったり、芝を傷める等の問題があった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、以上のような課題を解決するために、次のような手段を用いる。
【0005】
請求項1においては、エンジン(2)からの動力を操向自在な前輪(14)に伝える動力伝達経路に前輪変速装置(29)を設け、該前輪変速装置(29)を第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)より構成して、選択的に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)は入力手段である入力歯車(42)と、前記前輪(14)に動力を伝達する出力軸(55)に連結可能とし、第二連結装置(51)は入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)の間で連続的に無段階に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)はデフ式差動装置とクラッチにより構成し、前記入力歯車(42)はデフ式差動装置のデフケース(52)の外周に形成し、該デフケース(52)は前輪動力取出ケース(17)に回転自在に支持し、該デフケース(52)の前部内には、デフピニオン(53・53)を回転自在に支持し、該デフピニオン(53・53)には、それぞれデフサイドギヤ(54F・54R)を互いに噛合し、前側のデフサイドギヤ(54F)は出力軸(55)上に固設し、該出力軸(55)はデフケース(52)に回転自在に支持し、前端を前輪伝動軸(19)と連結し、後側のデフサイドギヤ(54R)は、変速軸(56)上に固設されて、該変速軸(56)の後端は第二連結装置(51)に挿入し、該デフケース(52)の後部はクラッチケース(52a)とし、前記変速軸(56)上の摩擦板(58)と、クラッチケース(52a)に内嵌した摩擦板(59)と、ピストン(57)によりクラッチを構成し、該クラッチは、ソレノイド(66a)を作動し、電磁切換バルブ(66)を切り換え、圧油によりピストン(57)を摺動させて、該摩擦板(58・59)を圧接する油圧クラッチとし、前記第二連結装置(51)は、該変速軸(56)の後端部周囲を支持する前輪動力取出ケース(17)をクラッチケース(17a)とし、該クラッチケース(17a)内の変速軸(56)上のロータ(60)と、該クラッチケース(17a)の間の空間内に磁性パウダ(61)を充填し、該ロータ(60)の外周側のクラッチケース(17a)にコイル(62)を配設し、該コイル(62)はコントローラ(64)と接続して電磁パウダー式クラッチとし、該電磁パウダー式クラッチの摩擦により、該ロータ(60)の回転数を無段階に変更可能としたものである。
【0006】
請求項2においては、請求項1記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第一連結装置(50)により、前記入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)とを連結して、前輪(14)と後輪(15)が略同速の4輪駆動とし、前記第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)をフリーとすることにより、該前輪(14)を駆動せずに、後輪(15)のみを駆動する2輪駆動とし、前記第二連結装置(51)で出力軸(55)と入力手段の間で連続的に無段階に連結することにより、該前輪(14)の回転速度を同速から二倍までの変速が得られるようにしたものである。
請求項3においては、請求項2記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第二連結装置(51)の回転数を変更する連結作動手段を、ハンドル(5)の切れ角を検知する手段と接続したものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の解決すべき課題及び手段は以上の如くであり、次に添付の図面に示した本発明の一実施例を説明する。図1は本発明の前輪変速装置を装備したトラクタの側面図、図2は駆動伝達経路を示すスケルトン図、図3は本発明の前輪変速装置の断面図、図4は制御ブロック図である。
【0008】
まず、本発明に係る前輪変速装置を具備した一実施例であるトラクタの概略構成について説明する。図1において、エンジンフレーム1上にエンジン2が配置され、該エンジン2をボンネット3にて覆い、該ボンネット3の後部のダッシュボード4上に操向手段となるハンドル5を突出している。該ハンドル5の後方に座席シート6を配設し、該座席シート6の側部に主変速レバー7が配置され、該座席シート6及びハンドル5が配設されている部分を操縦部9としている。
【0009】
また、前記エンジン2の後部にはクラッチハウジング10が連結されて、該クラッチハウジング10はメインクラッチ11を収納して、その後部に伝動ケース12を介してミッションケース13が連設され、該ミッションケース13の両側にリアアクスルケースを介して後輪15を支承している。また、該ミッションケース13の後部には、各種作業機を装着するための、三点リンク式の作業機装着装置16が設けられ、該ミッションケース13の後面よりPTO軸が突出されて、作業機を駆動可能としている。また、ミッションケース13の前下部に前輪動力取出ケース17が設けられ、該前輪動力取出ケース17より前方に、伝動軸19を介してフロントアクスルケース20に動力を伝え、該フロントアクスルケース20に支持した前輪14を駆動可能する構成としている。
【0010】
次に、トラクタの駆動伝達系について、図2を用いて説明する。前記エンジン2の出力軸の後部にメインクラッチ11を介して前後進切換機構22が設けられ、該前後進切換機構22の後方に主変速機構23が設けられ、その後部に副変速機構24が設けられ、更にその後部にクリープ変速機構25が設けられ、変速後の走行用の動力がドライブ軸30に伝達される。一方、前記出力軸の動力はパイプ軸31内の伝動軸32にも伝えられ、該伝動軸32の後端よりPTO変速機構26を介してミッションケース13の後端に設けたPTO軸27に動力を伝達可能としている。
【0011】
そして、前記ドライブ軸30の後端に設けたドライブピニオン33を介して後輪デフ装置34に動力が伝えられ、該後輪デフ装置34より左右のデフヨーク軸35L・35R、最終減速機構36・36を介して、後輪15・15が駆動される構成としている。また、前記ドライブ軸30上に前輪駆動歯車40が固設され、該前輪駆動歯車40よりカウンター歯車41を介して、本発明の前輪変速装置29の入力手段となる入力歯車42に伝えられる。該前輪変速装置29により変速された後の動力は、出力軸55より前記伝動軸19を介してフロントアクスルケース20内の、フロントデフ装置43に動力が伝達され、該フロントデフ装置43より、両側のデフヨーク軸44L・44Rを介して最終減速機構45を介して前輪14・14を駆動するようにしている。
【0012】
次に、本発明の前輪変速装置29について説明する。図3に示すように、前輪変速装置29は前側の第一連結装置50と、後側の第二連結装置51からなり、第一連結装置50は差動装置(デフ装置)とクラッチより構成され、前記入力歯車42はデフケース52の前後略中央に形成され、該デフケース52は前輪動力取出ケース17にベアリングを介して回転自在に支持されている。該デフケース52の前部内には、デフピニオン53・53が回転自在に支持され、該デフピニオン53・53には、それぞれデフサイドギヤ54F・54Rが互いに噛合されている。前側のデフサイドギヤ54Fは出力軸55上に固設されて、該出力軸55はデフケース52に回転自在に支持され、前端にユニバーサルジョイントを介して前記伝動軸19と連結されている。後側のデフサイドギヤ54Rは、変速軸56上に固設されて、該変速軸56の後端は第二連結装置51に挿入されている。こうして差動装置を構成している。
【0013】
デフケース52の後部はクラッチケース52aとし、該クラッチケース52a内にピストン57と、前記変速軸56上に軸方向に摺動可能に外嵌した摩擦板58・58とクラッチケース52aに内嵌した摩擦板59・59とを交互に配置して収納し、前記ピストン57を作動させることによって摩擦板58・59を圧接するように配置している。こうしてクラッチを構成している。
【0014】
前記第二連結装置51は無段階に回転数を変更できるクラッチまたはブレーキより構成されており、本実施例では電磁パウダークラッチにより構成している。但し、設置スペースやコスト等を考慮しない場合にはクラッチの代わりに無段変速装置に置き換えることもでき、無段階に回転数を変更できるものであれば限定するものではない。前記電磁パウダークラッチは変速軸56の後端部上に配置されており、前輪動力取出ケース17が、該変速軸56の後端部周囲を支持する部分をクラッチケース17aとし、該クラッチケース17a内の変速軸56上に円盤状または円筒状のロータ60が固設され、該ロータ60とクラッチケース17aの間の空間内に磁性粉体(パウダ)61が充填されている。そして、更にロータ60の外周側のクラッチケース17aに連結作動手段となるコイル62が配設され、該コイル62は図4に示すように、駆動回路63を介してコントローラ64と接続されている。
【0015】
こうして、第一連結装置50のクラッチの連結を解除し、第二連結装置51のコイル62に電流を流すことにより、コイル62が励磁されてコイル62から発生した磁束に沿って磁性粉体61が鎖状につながって連結し、その磁性粉体間の剪断抵抗がトルクを発生し、このトルクは電流に比例する。従って、ロータ60とクラッチケース17aの間のスリップを制御できるのである。つまり、電流を制御することにより、変速軸56の回転数を制御でき、ロータ60とクラッチケース17aを連結固定することで該変速軸56の回転が停止されて、入力歯車42の回転はデフサイドギヤ54Rの歯数Z1 とデフサイドギヤ54Fの歯数Z2 により、(Z1 +Z2 )/Z2 に変速されて前輪14を駆動する。本実施例ではZ1 =Z2 につき、連結時には前輪14の周速度を後輪15の周速度に対して二倍となるようにしているのである。即ち、前輪14の周速度を後輪15の周速度に対して同速から倍速まで変速できるようにしている。
【0016】
また、図4に示すように、コントローラ64には駆動回路65を介して、電磁切換バルブ66のソレノイド66aと接続され、該電磁切換バルブ66は前記ピストン57を駆動させるための油路を切り換えるようにしている。該コントローラ64には、更に切換スイッチ67が接続され、2輪駆動と4輪駆動と前輪変速とを切り換えられるようにし、該切換スイッチ67は操縦部9近傍に配置される。また、該コントローラ64にはハンドル5の切れ角を検知する手段としての角度センサー69と接続され、該角度センサー69は前記ハンドル5のハンドル軸部に配設されている。但し、この検知手段は前輪14の切れ角を検知できるものであればよく、前輪14の回動軸部や前輪14とハンドル5の間のステアリング機構に配置することもできる。
【0017】
以上のような構成において、切換スイッチ67を2輪駆動に切り換えると、第一連結装置50と第二連結装置51はそれぞれ連結されず、つまり、電磁切換バルブ66が作動されずデフケース52と変速軸56の間はフリーとなり、また、コイル62が励磁されず、ロータ60もフリー回転となっている。よって、入力歯車42から出力軸55へは動力が伝達されない後輪のみの2輪駆動状態となっている。
【0018】
また、切換スイッチ67を4輪駆動に切り換えると、第一連結装置50が連結されて入力歯車42と出力軸55が同回転数で駆動される。つまり、切換スイッチ67の4輪駆動への切り換えによって、駆動回路65を介してソレノイド66aが作動されて電磁切換バルブ66を切り換えて、ピストン57を摺動させて摩擦板58・59を圧接し、デフケース52と変速軸56の間を連結して差動装置はデフロック状態となり、入力歯車42と出力軸55が一体的に回転して、前輪14と後輪15が同速度で駆動されるようになるのである。
【0019】
また、切換スイッチ67を前輪変速に切り換えると、第一連結装置50の連結が解除されるとともに、ハンドル5の回動角に比例して前輪14の周速度が後輪15の周速度に対して増速される。つまり、圃場端等において、ハンドル5を回動すると、その回動角が角度センサー69により検知され、その検出値がコントローラ64に入力され、該コントローラ64により回動角に比例した電流を出力されるように駆動回路63に信号を出力する。該駆動回路63より電流がコイル62に流されて、磁性粉体61により剪断抵抗が発生して、ロータ60はクラッチケース17aに対してスリップする。そして、ハンドル5の切れ角が大きくなるほどロータ60とクラッチケース17aの間の剪断抵抗が増加してスリップが減少して出力軸55の回転数は増加される。こうして、最大2倍の周速度まで変更できるようにしている。
【0020】
但し、ハンドル5の回転角度に比例して前輪14の周速度を変速する制御に限定するものではなく、コントローラ64に設定器70を接続して、設定器70により電流値(増速値)を設定する構成とすることもできる。例えば、設定器70で1.5倍に設定した場合には、ハンドル5を設定角度以上回転すると、前輪14の周速度は後輪15の周速度に対して1.5倍となる。このような場合、長方形の作業地で草刈作業等を行なう場合、圃場端で約90度ずつ旋回する場合に圃場面を傷めずスムースに旋回できるのである。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上のように構成したことにより、次のような効果が得られる。
請求項1の如く、エンジン(2)からの動力を操向自在な前輪(14)に伝える動力伝達経路に前輪変速装置(29)を設け、該前輪変速装置(29)を第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)より構成して選択的に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)は入力手段である入力歯車(42)と、前記前輪(14)に動力を伝達する出力軸(55)に連結可能とし、第二連結装置(51)は入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)の間で連続的に無段階に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)はデフ式差動装置とクラッチにより構成し、前記入力歯車(42)はデフケース(52)の外周に形成し、該デフケース(52)は前輪動力取出ケース(17)に回転自在に支持し、該デフケース(52)の前部内には、デフピニオン(53・53)を回転自在に支持し、該デフピニオン(53・53)には、それぞれデフサイドギヤ(54F・54R)を互いに噛合し、前側のデフサイドギヤ(54F)は出力軸(55)上に固設し、該出力軸(55)はデフケース(52)に回転自在に支持し、前端を前輪伝動軸(19)と連結し、後側のデフサイドギヤ(54R)は、変速軸(56)上に固設されて、該変速軸(56)の後端は第二連結装置(51)に挿入し、該デフケース(52)の後部はクラッチケース(52a)とし、前記変速軸(56)上の摩擦板(58・58)とクラッチケース(52a)に内嵌した摩擦板(59・59)と、ピストン(57)によりクラッチを構成し、前記第二連結装置(51)は、該変速軸(56)の後端部周囲を支持する部分をクラッチケース(17a)とし、該クラッチケース(17a)内の変速軸56上にロータ(60)を固設し、該ロータ(60)の回転数を摩擦により無段階に変更可能としたので、後輪の周速度に対して前輪の周速度を選択的に変更可能となり、圃場の条件や作業条件に合わせて前輪の速度が変更できて、走行性能が向上し作業効率を向上できる。
【0022】
また、前記連続的に無段階に回転数を変更して連結できる第二連結装置(51)を、電磁パウダー式クラッチとしたので、ケース内にコンパクトに収納することが可能となり、トルク制御も容易に行なえるようになり、変速制御が簡単に行なえるようになる。
【0023】
請求項2の如く、請求項1記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第一連結装置(50)により、前記入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)とを連結して、前輪(14)と後輪(15)が略同速の4輪駆動とし、前記第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)をフリーとすることにより、該前輪(14)を駆動せずに、後輪(15)のみを駆動する2輪駆動とし、前記第二連結装置(51)で出力軸(55)と入力手段の間で連続的に無段階に連結することにより、該前輪(14)の回転速度を同速から二倍までの変速が得られるようにしたので、軟弱地の走行や直進性を向上したいときには、4輪駆動に選択し、路上走行等では2輪駆動として、操向を容易として低燃費での走行を可能とし、第二連結装置を連結することで、圃場端での旋回時に、前輪の速度を最適な後輪に対する前輪の速度比を設定して、旋回性能を向上できる。例えば、芝刈り作業や直線的でない曲がりくねった圃場での耕耘作業等では、作業地や圃場の形状に合わせて進行方向を変更するときの前輪の速度が曲がりに合わせた周速度となって圃場面を傷めたり、荒らすことがなくなるのである。
【0024】
請求項3の如く、請求項2記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第二連結装置(51)の回転数を変更する連結作動手段を、ハンドル(5)の切れ角を検知する手段と接続したので、ハンドルを回動すると、その回動角度に合わせて前輪の周速度も変速され、或いは、設定角度以上ハンドルを回動すると、前輪の周速度を変更できるようになり、オペレーターが前輪の周速度の設定を旋回毎にすることがなく、操作性を向上することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の前輪変速装置を装備したトラクタの側面図である。
【図2】 駆動伝達経路を示すスケルトン図である。
【図3】 本発明の前輪変速装置の断面図である。
【図4】 制御ブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
2 エンジン
14 前輪
15 後輪
29 前輪変速装置
42 入力歯車
50 第一連結装置
51 第二連結装置
55 出力軸
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a front wheel transmission for a tractor having a mechanism that allows a front wheel to have a peripheral speed substantially the same as a rear wheel peripheral speed or a stepless speed change.
[0002]
[Prior art]
During normal traveling in a conventional four-wheel drive tractor, the peripheral speed of the front wheels and the peripheral speed of the rear wheels are set to be approximately equal. On the other hand, in order to reduce the turning radius during turning, it is necessary to set the peripheral speed of the front wheels larger than the peripheral speed of the rear wheels. Therefore, a front-wheel double-speed device that can be switched between a standard transmission state in which the peripheral speed of the front wheels and the peripheral speed of the rear wheels are substantially equal and a speed-up transmission state in which the peripheral speed of the front wheels is larger than the peripheral speed of the rear wheels is applied to the front wheels. The front wheel double speed device is switched to the speed increasing transmission state during turning to reduce the turning radius. For example, this is a technique of real fair 6-28346.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the prior art as described above, since the front wheel is switched to a speed increasing state when the front wheel is turned by a certain angle, when plowing the deformed field along the reed or during mower work for cutting grass or grass, etc. The front wheel speed according to the front wheel turning angle could not be obtained, and there were problems such as turning too much, meandering and ruining the field, and damaging the turf.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention uses the following means in order to solve the above problems.
[0005]
In claim 1, a front wheel transmission (29) is provided in a power transmission path for transmitting power from the engine (2) to a steerable front wheel (14), and the front wheel transmission (29) is connected to a first coupling device (29). 50) and a second connecting device (51), which can be selectively connected. The first connecting device (50) provides power to an input gear (42) as input means and the front wheel (14). The second connecting device (51) can be connected continuously and steplessly between the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55), and the first connecting device can be connected to the transmitting output shaft (55). (50) comprises a differential differential and a clutch, and the input gear (42) is formed on the outer periphery of the differential case (52) of the differential differential , and the differential case (52) is a front wheel power take-out case (17 ) In a front portion of the differential case (52). The differential pinion (53, 53) is rotatably supported, and the differential pinion (53, 53) meshes with the differential side gear (54F, 54R), respectively, and the front differential side gear (54F) is the output shaft (55). The output shaft (55) is rotatably supported on the differential case (52), the front end is connected to the front wheel transmission shaft (19), and the rear differential side gear (54R) is connected to the transmission shaft (56). ), The rear end of the transmission shaft (56) is inserted into the second coupling device (51), the rear portion of the differential case (52) is a clutch case (52a), and the transmission shaft (56) friction plate of the upper and (58), the friction plate and fitted into the clutch case (52a) and (59), constitute a clutch by the piston (57), the clutch is operated the solenoid (66a), the electromagnetic switching Valve (66) In other words, the piston (57) is slid by pressure oil to form a hydraulic clutch that presses the friction plates (58, 59), and the second coupling device (51) is provided at the rear end of the transmission shaft (56). The front wheel power take-out case (17) supporting the periphery of the part is a clutch case (17a), and the rotor (60) on the transmission shaft (56) in the clutch case (17a) and the clutch case (17a) The space is filled with magnetic powder (61), and a coil (62) is disposed in the clutch case (17a) on the outer periphery of the rotor (60). The coil (62) is connected to the controller (64). An electromagnetic powder clutch is used, and the rotational speed of the rotor (60) can be changed steplessly by friction of the electromagnetic powder clutch .
[0006]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the front wheel transmission for a tractor according to the first aspect, the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55) are connected by the first connecting device (50), and the front wheel (14 ) And the rear wheel (15) are driven at substantially the same speed, and the first connecting device (50) and the second connecting device (51) are free, so that the front wheel (14) is not driven. The two-wheel drive for driving only the rear wheel (15) is connected continuously and continuously between the output shaft (55) and the input means by the second connecting device (51). ) To obtain a speed change from the same speed to twice.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the front wheel transmission for a tractor according to the second aspect, the connection actuating means for changing the rotational speed of the second connection device (51) is connected to the means for detecting the turning angle of the handle (5). It is a thing.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The problems and means to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, an embodiment of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings will be described. 1 is a side view of a tractor equipped with a front wheel transmission of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing a drive transmission path, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the front wheel transmission of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a control block diagram.
[0008]
First, a schematic configuration of a tractor which is an embodiment provided with a front wheel transmission according to the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, an engine 2 is arranged on an engine frame 1, the engine 2 is covered with a bonnet 3, and a handle 5 serving as a steering means protrudes on a dashboard 4 at the rear of the bonnet 3. A seat 6 is disposed behind the handle 5, a main transmission lever 7 is disposed on the side of the seat 6, and a portion where the seat 6 and the handle 5 are disposed is a control unit 9. .
[0009]
A clutch housing 10 is connected to the rear portion of the engine 2, and the clutch housing 10 houses a main clutch 11, and a transmission case 13 is connected to the rear portion via a transmission case 12. A rear wheel 15 is supported on both sides of the vehicle 13 via a rear axle case. In addition, a three-point link type work machine mounting device 16 for mounting various work machines is provided at the rear part of the mission case 13, and the PTO shaft projects from the rear surface of the mission case 13 so that the work machine Can be driven. Also, a front wheel power take-out case 17 is provided at the front lower part of the transmission case 13, and power is transmitted to the front axle case 20 via the transmission shaft 19 in front of the front wheel power take-out case 17 and supported by the front axle case 20. The configuration is such that the front wheel 14 can be driven.
[0010]
Next, the drive transmission system of the tractor will be described with reference to FIG. A forward / reverse switching mechanism 22 is provided at the rear of the output shaft of the engine 2 via the main clutch 11, a main transmission mechanism 23 is provided behind the forward / reverse switching mechanism 22, and a sub-transmission mechanism 24 is provided at the rear thereof. Further, a creep transmission mechanism 25 is provided at the rear portion thereof, and driving power after the transmission is transmitted to the drive shaft 30. On the other hand, the power of the output shaft is also transmitted to the transmission shaft 32 in the pipe shaft 31, and the power is transmitted from the rear end of the transmission shaft 32 to the PTO shaft 27 provided at the rear end of the transmission case 13 via the PTO transmission mechanism 26. Can be transmitted.
[0011]
The power is transmitted to the rear wheel differential device 34 via a drive pinion 33 provided at the rear end of the drive shaft 30, and the left and right differential yoke shafts 35L and 35R and the final deceleration mechanisms 36 and 36 are transmitted from the rear wheel differential device 34. The rear wheels 15 and 15 are driven via the wheel. Further, a front wheel drive gear 40 is fixed on the drive shaft 30 and is transmitted from the front wheel drive gear 40 via the counter gear 41 to an input gear 42 which is an input means of the front wheel transmission 29 of the present invention. The power after being shifted by the front wheel transmission device 29 is transmitted from the output shaft 55 to the front differential device 43 in the front axle case 20 through the transmission shaft 19, and from the front differential device 43 to both sides. The front wheels 14 and 14 are driven via the final reduction mechanism 45 via the differential yoke shafts 44L and 44R.
[0012]
Next, the front wheel transmission 29 of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the front wheel transmission device 29 includes a front first connecting device 50 and a rear second connecting device 51, and the first connecting device 50 includes a differential device (a differential device) and a clutch. The input gear 42 is formed substantially in the front and rear of the differential case 52, and the differential case 52 is rotatably supported by the front wheel power take-out case 17 via a bearing. Differential pinions 53 and 53 are rotatably supported in the front portion of the differential case 52, and differential side gears 54F and 54R are engaged with the differential pinions 53 and 53, respectively. The front differential side gear 54F is fixed on the output shaft 55, the output shaft 55 is rotatably supported by the differential case 52, and is connected to the transmission shaft 19 via a universal joint at the front end. The rear differential side gear 54 </ b> R is fixed on the transmission shaft 56, and the rear end of the transmission shaft 56 is inserted into the second coupling device 51. Thus, the differential device is configured.
[0013]
The rear portion of the differential case 52 is a clutch case 52a. A piston 57 is fitted in the clutch case 52a, friction plates 58 and 58 are fitted on the transmission shaft 56 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and friction is fitted in the clutch case 52a. The plates 59 and 59 are alternately arranged and stored, and the pistons 57 are operated so that the friction plates 58 and 59 are pressed against each other. Thus, the clutch is configured.
[0014]
The second connecting device 51 is constituted by a clutch or a brake that can change the rotation speed in a stepless manner, and is constituted by an electromagnetic powder clutch in this embodiment. However, if the installation space, cost, etc. are not considered, it can be replaced with a continuously variable transmission instead of the clutch, and there is no limitation as long as the rotational speed can be changed continuously. The electromagnetic powder clutch is disposed on the rear end portion of the transmission shaft 56, and the front wheel power take-out case 17 has a portion supporting the periphery of the rear end portion of the transmission shaft 56 as a clutch case 17a. A disc-shaped or cylindrical rotor 60 is fixed on the transmission shaft 56, and a space between the rotor 60 and the clutch case 17a is filled with magnetic powder (powder) 61. Further, a coil 62 serving as a coupling actuating means is disposed on the clutch case 17a on the outer peripheral side of the rotor 60, and the coil 62 is connected to a controller 64 via a drive circuit 63 as shown in FIG.
[0015]
In this way, the clutch of the first coupling device 50 is disengaged, and a current is passed through the coil 62 of the second coupling device 51, whereby the magnetic powder 61 is excited along the magnetic flux generated from the coil 62 by exciting the coil 62. The chain is connected and connected, and the shear resistance between the magnetic powders generates torque, which is proportional to the current. Therefore, the slip between the rotor 60 and the clutch case 17a can be controlled. In other words, by controlling the current, the rotational speed of the transmission shaft 56 can be controlled, and by connecting and fixing the rotor 60 and the clutch case 17a, the rotation of the transmission shaft 56 is stopped, and the rotation of the input gear 42 is caused by the differential side gear. The front wheel 14 is driven by being shifted to (Z1 + Z2) / Z2 by the number of teeth Z1 of 54R and the number of teeth Z2 of the differential side gear 54F. In this embodiment, when Z1 = Z2, the peripheral speed of the front wheel 14 is set to be twice the peripheral speed of the rear wheel 15 at the time of connection. That is, the peripheral speed of the front wheel 14 can be changed from the same speed to the double speed with respect to the peripheral speed of the rear wheel 15.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, the controller 64 is connected to a solenoid 66a of an electromagnetic switching valve 66 via a drive circuit 65, and the electromagnetic switching valve 66 switches an oil path for driving the piston 57. I have to. The controller 64 is further connected to a changeover switch 67 so that two-wheel drive, four-wheel drive and front wheel shift can be switched. The changeover switch 67 is disposed in the vicinity of the control unit 9. The controller 64 is connected to an angle sensor 69 as means for detecting the turning angle of the handle 5, and the angle sensor 69 is disposed on the handle shaft portion of the handle 5. However, this detection means may be any means as long as it can detect the turning angle of the front wheel 14, and can also be disposed in a rotating shaft portion of the front wheel 14 or a steering mechanism between the front wheel 14 and the handle 5.
[0017]
In the configuration as described above, when the changeover switch 67 is switched to the two-wheel drive, the first connecting device 50 and the second connecting device 51 are not connected to each other, that is, the electromagnetic switching valve 66 is not operated and the differential case 52 and the transmission shaft. 56 is free, the coil 62 is not excited, and the rotor 60 is also free rotating. Therefore, the two-wheel drive state of only the rear wheels in which no power is transmitted from the input gear 42 to the output shaft 55 is established.
[0018]
When the changeover switch 67 is switched to the four-wheel drive, the first connecting device 50 is connected and the input gear 42 and the output shaft 55 are driven at the same rotational speed. That is, when the changeover switch 67 is switched to four-wheel drive, the solenoid 66a is operated via the drive circuit 65 to switch the electromagnetic switching valve 66, and the piston 57 is slid to contact the friction plates 58 and 59. The differential case 52 and the transmission shaft 56 are connected to each other so that the differential gear is in a differential lock state, and the input gear 42 and the output shaft 55 are integrally rotated so that the front wheel 14 and the rear wheel 15 are driven at the same speed. It becomes.
[0019]
Further, when the changeover switch 67 is switched to the front wheel shift, the connection of the first connecting device 50 is released, and the peripheral speed of the front wheel 14 is proportional to the rotational speed of the rear wheel 15 in proportion to the rotation angle of the handle 5. Increased speed. That is, when the handle 5 is rotated at the field end or the like, the rotation angle is detected by the angle sensor 69, the detected value is input to the controller 64, and a current proportional to the rotation angle is output by the controller 64. In this way, a signal is output to the drive circuit 63. Current is passed from the drive circuit 63 to the coil 62, shearing resistance is generated by the magnetic powder 61, and the rotor 60 slips with respect to the clutch case 17a. As the turning angle of the handle 5 increases, the shear resistance between the rotor 60 and the clutch case 17a increases, the slip decreases, and the rotational speed of the output shaft 55 increases. Thus, the maximum peripheral speed can be changed up to twice.
[0020]
However, the present invention is not limited to the control for changing the peripheral speed of the front wheel 14 in proportion to the rotation angle of the handle 5, and a setting device 70 is connected to the controller 64, and the current value (acceleration value) is set by the setting device 70. It can also be set as the structure to set. For example, when the setting device 70 is set to 1.5 times, when the handle 5 is rotated more than a set angle, the peripheral speed of the front wheel 14 is 1.5 times that of the rear wheel 15. In such a case, when a mowing operation or the like is performed in a rectangular work place, when turning about 90 degrees at the end of the field, the field scene can be smoothly turned without being damaged.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
As in claim 1, a front wheel transmission (29) is provided in a power transmission path for transmitting power from the engine (2) to the steerable front wheel (14), and the front wheel transmission (29) is connected to the first coupling device ( 50) and a second connecting device (51), which can be selectively connected. The first connecting device (50) transmits power to the input gear (42) as input means and the front wheel (14). The second connecting device (51) can be connected continuously and continuously between the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55), and the first connecting device ( 50) comprises a differential differential and a clutch, and the input gear (42) is formed on the outer periphery of the differential case (52), and the differential case (52) is rotatably supported by the front wheel power take-out case (17). In the front portion of the differential case (52), there is a differential pinion (53 53) is rotatably supported, and the differential pinion (53, 53) is engaged with a differential side gear (54F, 54R), respectively, and the front differential side gear (54F) is fixed on the output shaft (55). The output shaft (55) is rotatably supported by the differential case (52), the front end is connected to the front wheel transmission shaft (19), and the rear differential side gear (54R) is fixed on the transmission shaft (56). The rear end of the transmission shaft (56) is inserted into the second coupling device (51), the rear portion of the differential case (52) is a clutch case (52a), and the friction plate (52) on the transmission shaft (56) ( 58, 58), friction plates (59, 59) fitted in the clutch case (52a), and a piston (57) constitute a clutch, and the second coupling device (51) is connected to the transmission shaft (56). The part that supports the periphery of the rear end Since the rotor (60) is fixed on the transmission shaft 56 in the clutch case (17a) and the rotational speed of the rotor (60) can be changed steplessly by friction, the rear wheel The peripheral speed of the front wheel can be selectively changed with respect to the peripheral speed of the vehicle, the speed of the front wheel can be changed in accordance with the field conditions and work conditions, and the running performance can be improved and work efficiency can be improved.
[0022]
Further , since the second coupling device (51) that can be coupled by continuously changing the rotational speed continuously and steplessly is an electromagnetic powder clutch, it can be stored compactly in the case, and torque control is also easy. Thus, the shift control can be easily performed.
[0023]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the front wheel transmission for a tractor according to the first aspect, the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55) are connected by the first connecting device (50), and the front wheel (14 ) And the rear wheel (15) are driven at substantially the same speed, and the first connecting device (50) and the second connecting device (51) are free, so that the front wheel (14) is not driven. The two-wheel drive for driving only the rear wheel (15) is connected continuously and continuously between the output shaft (55) and the input means by the second connecting device (51). ), The speed can be changed from the same speed to twice, so if you want to improve running on a soft ground or go straight, select 4-wheel drive, and drive on the road as 2-wheel drive. By making the direction easy and enabling driving with low fuel consumption, by connecting the second connecting device, When turning at the field edge, by setting the speed ratio between the front wheels relative to the front wheel speed optimum rear wheel, and can improve the turning performance. For example, in lawn mowing work or plowing work in a winding field that is not straight, the speed of the front wheels when changing the traveling direction according to the shape of the work site or the field becomes the peripheral speed according to the bend. You won't be hurt or damaged.
[0024]
As in claim 3, in the front wheel transmission of the tractor according to claim 2, the connection actuating means for changing the rotational speed of the second connecting device (51) is connected to the means for detecting the turning angle of the handle (5). Therefore, when the handle is rotated, the peripheral speed of the front wheel is also changed according to the rotation angle, or when the handle is rotated beyond the set angle, the peripheral speed of the front wheel can be changed, and the operator can change the front wheel speed. The operability can be improved without setting the peripheral speed for each turn.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a tractor equipped with a front wheel transmission of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing a drive transmission path.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the front wheel transmission of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a control block diagram.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Engine 14 Front wheel 15 Rear wheel 29 Front wheel transmission 42 Input gear 50 First coupling device 51 Second coupling device 55 Output shaft

Claims (3)

エンジン(2)からの動力を操向自在な前輪(14)に伝える動力伝達経路に前輪変速装置(29)を設け、該前輪変速装置(29)を第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)より構成して、選択的に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)は入力手段である入力歯車(42)と、前記前輪(14)に動力を伝達する出力軸(55)に連結可能とし、第二連結装置(51)は入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)の間で連続的に無段階に連結可能とし、該第一連結装置(50)はデフ式差動装置とクラッチにより構成し、前記入力歯車(42)はデフ式差動装置のデフケース(52)の外周に形成し、該デフケース(52)は前輪動力取出ケース(17)に回転自在に支持し、該デフケース(52)の前部内には、デフピニオン(53・53)を回転自在に支持し、該デフピニオン(53・53)には、それぞれデフサイドギヤ(54F・54R)を互いに噛合し、前側のデフサイドギヤ(54F)は出力軸(55)上に固設し、該出力軸(55)はデフケース(52)に回転自在に支持し、前端を前輪伝動軸(19)と連結し、後側のデフサイドギヤ(54R)は、変速軸(56)上に固設されて、該変速軸(56)の後端は第二連結装置(51)に挿入し、該デフケース(52)の後部はクラッチケース(52a)とし、前記変速軸(56)上の摩擦板(58)と、クラッチケース(52a)に内嵌した摩擦板(59)と、ピストン(57)によりクラッチを構成し、該クラッチは、ソレノイド(66a)を作動し、電磁切換バルブ(66)を切り換え、圧油によりピストン(57)を摺動させて、該摩擦板(58・59)を圧接する油圧クラッチとし、前記第二連結装置(51)は、該変速軸(56)の後端部周囲を支持する前輪動力取出ケース(17)をクラッチケース(17a)とし、該クラッチケース(17a)内の変速軸(56)上のロータ(60)と、該クラッチケース(17a)の間の空間内に磁性パウダ(61)を充填し、該ロータ(60)の外周側のクラッチケース(17a)にコイル(62)を配設し、該コイル(62)はコントローラ(64)と接続して電磁パウダー式クラッチとし、該電磁パウダー式クラッチの摩擦により、該ロータ(60)の回転数を無段階に変更可能としたことを特徴とするトラクタの前輪変速装置。A front wheel transmission (29) is provided in a power transmission path for transmitting power from the engine (2) to the steerable front wheels (14), and the front wheel transmission (29) is connected to the first coupling device (50) and the second coupling. The first connecting device (50) comprises an input gear (42) as input means and an output shaft (55) for transmitting power to the front wheel (14). ), The second connecting device (51) can be connected continuously and continuously between the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55), and the first connecting device (50) is a differential type. The input gear (42) is formed on the outer periphery of the differential case (52) of the differential type differential device , and the differential case (52) is rotatably supported by the front wheel power take-out case (17). In the front portion of the differential case (52), there is a differential pinion (5 53) is supported rotatably, and the differential side gears (54F, 54R) mesh with the differential pinions (53, 53), respectively, and the front differential side gear (54F) is fixed on the output shaft (55). The output shaft (55) is rotatably supported by the differential case (52), the front end is connected to the front wheel transmission shaft (19), and the rear differential side gear (54R) is fixed on the transmission shaft (56). The rear end of the transmission shaft (56) is inserted into the second coupling device (51), the rear portion of the differential case (52) is a clutch case (52a), and a friction plate on the transmission shaft (56) is provided. and (58), the friction plate and fitted into the clutch case (52a) and (59), the piston constitutes a clutch by (57), said clutch solenoid (66a) to operate the electromagnetic switching valve (66) By pressure oil The second coupling device (51) is a front wheel that supports the periphery of the rear end of the transmission shaft (56) by sliding the stone (57) to form a hydraulic clutch that presses the friction plate (58, 59). The power take-out case (17) is a clutch case (17a), and a magnetic powder (in the space between the rotor (60) on the transmission shaft (56) in the clutch case (17a) and the clutch case (17a) ( 61), and a coil (62) is disposed in a clutch case (17a) on the outer peripheral side of the rotor (60). The coil (62) is connected to a controller (64) to form an electromagnetic powder clutch. A front wheel transmission for a tractor , wherein the rotational speed of the rotor (60) can be changed steplessly by friction of the electromagnetic powder clutch . 請求項1記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第一連結装置(50)により、前記入力歯車(42)と前記出力軸(55)とを連結して、前輪(14)と後輪(15)が略同速の4輪駆動とし、前記第一連結装置(50)と第二連結装置(51)をフリーとすることにより、該前輪(14)を駆動せずに、後輪(15)のみを駆動する2輪駆動とし、前記第二連結装置(51)で出力軸(55)と入力手段の間で連続的に無段階に連結することにより、該前輪(14)の回転速度を同速から二倍までの変速が得られるようにしたことを特徴とするトラクタの前輪変速装置。  The front wheel transmission for a tractor according to claim 1, wherein the input gear (42) and the output shaft (55) are connected by the first connecting device (50), and the front wheel (14) and the rear wheel (15 ) Is a four-wheel drive at substantially the same speed, and the first connecting device (50) and the second connecting device (51) are free, so that the front wheel (14) is not driven and the rear wheel (15) is driven. Only the two-wheel drive is used, and the second connecting device (51) continuously connects the output shaft (55) and the input means steplessly so that the rotational speed of the front wheel (14) is the same. A front wheel transmission for a tractor characterized in that a shift from speed to double is obtained. 請求項2記載のトラクタの前輪変速装置において、前記第二連結装置(51)の回転数を変更する連結作動手段を、ハンドル(5)の切れ角を検知する手段と接続したことを特徴とするトラクタの前輪変速装置。  The front wheel transmission for a tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting operation means for changing the rotational speed of the second connecting device (51) is connected to means for detecting the turning angle of the handle (5). Tractor front wheel transmission.
JP2000135768A 2000-05-09 2000-05-09 Tractor front wheel transmission Expired - Fee Related JP4257018B2 (en)

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