JP3148193B2 - Antifreeze sprayer - Google Patents
Antifreeze sprayerInfo
- Publication number
- JP3148193B2 JP3148193B2 JP03260599A JP3260599A JP3148193B2 JP 3148193 B2 JP3148193 B2 JP 3148193B2 JP 03260599 A JP03260599 A JP 03260599A JP 3260599 A JP3260599 A JP 3260599A JP 3148193 B2 JP3148193 B2 JP 3148193B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- spraying
- antifreeze
- solution
- solid
- road surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、主として積雪寒
冷地における道路に凍結防止剤を散布して路面の凍結を
防止又は解除する凍結防止剤散布装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antifreeze spraying apparatus for spraying an antifreeze onto roads mainly in snowy and cold regions to prevent or cancel the freezing of the road surface.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】積雪寒冷地における冬期の道路や空港に
おいては、円滑な交通を確保するために除雪を行ない、
安全な路面を維持するためにロ−ドヒ−ティングによる
融雪、雪氷付着防止舗装、滑り止め材や凍結防止剤の散
布などの種々の路面対策が施されている。2. Description of the Related Art In winter roads and airports in snowy and cold regions, snow is removed to ensure smooth traffic.
In order to maintain a safe road surface, various road surface measures such as snow melting by load heating, pavement for preventing snow and ice from adhering, and application of anti-slip materials and anti-freezing agents have been taken.
【0003】しかし、ロ−ドヒ−ティングや雪氷付着防
止舗装は、大掛かりな工事となり、工事期間も長く、施
工に膨大な費用がかかるとともに、ランニングコストも
嵩むという問題があり、凍結路面の管理には、通行車輪
のスリップを防止するために凍結防止剤を散布するとい
う方法が屡々行なわれている。[0003] However, road heating and pavement for preventing snow and ice adhesion require large-scale construction, the construction period is long, the construction cost is enormous, and the running cost is increased. In many cases, a method of spraying a deicing agent to prevent slippage of a traveling wheel is frequently performed.
【0004】凍結防止剤の散布には、液状での散布と顆
粒での散布がある。液体散布は速効性があるので空港で
使用されているが、反面75〜85%は水分であるた
め、散布効率が良くない。顆粒散布は、効果の発現は遅
いが効率が良く持続性もあるので、道路では多く採用さ
れており、速効性を上げるために散布の直前に加湿して
散布することもある。[0004] Spraying of the antifreeze includes spraying in a liquid form and spraying in granules. Liquid spraying is used at airports because of its rapid effect, but the spraying efficiency is not good because 75 to 85% is water. Granule spraying has a slow onset of effect but is efficient and durable, so it is widely used on roads. In order to increase the effectiveness, granulation spraying may be performed by humidification immediately before spraying.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、液状散布
は、溶液の性質上最大濃度が制限される。例えば、道路
等で多く使用されている塩化ナトリウム溶液では85%
が水分で、空港等で使用されている酢酸系は50%が水
分である。液状の凍結防止剤は、材料によって共融(飽
和)濃度が異なるが、濃度が高いほど凍結温度が低くな
り、性能は向上する。しかし、濃度が高くなると材料が
結晶するので、余り高い濃度の凍結防止剤は使用できな
い。However, the maximum concentration of the liquid spray is limited due to the nature of the solution. For example, 85% for sodium chloride solution often used on roads
Is water, and 50% of the acetic acid used in airports is water. The liquid antifreeze has a different eutectic (saturated) concentration depending on the material. The higher the concentration, the lower the freezing temperature and the higher the performance. However, as the concentration increases, the material crystallizes, so that an excessively high concentration of the antifreeze cannot be used.
【0006】顆粒散布は、効率が良く経済的であるが、
従来の散布方法では、散布した材料が散布時に道路の横
断勾配や走行車輪により路肩方向に飛ばされ、滞留効率
が悪く、この弊害を避けるために、大きな顆粒を散布す
るので速効性がさらに悪くなる。また、速効性を上げる
ために顆粒を小さくすると粉塵の発生が多くなるので散
布性能が落ちる。Spraying granules is efficient and economical,
In the conventional spraying method, the sprayed material is blown toward the road shoulder by the cross slope of the road or the traveling wheel at the time of spraying, and the retention efficiency is poor. . In addition, if the granules are made smaller to increase the fast-acting effect, dusting will increase, and the spraying performance will decrease.
【0007】そこで、従来の凍結防止剤散布方法の問題
点をまとめると次の通りとなる。[0007] Therefore, the problems of the conventional antifreeze spraying method are summarized as follows.
【0008】(液状の場合) a.水分が多いため、散布効率が悪い。 b.共融(飽和)濃度近くまで濃度を上げると、一部が
結晶して散布できないことがある。 c.濃度を下げると、凍結温度が高くなり、融雪、凍結
防止等の効果が少なく、再凍結の可能性が増す。 d.単位面積当たりの散布量が多くなるので、散布距離
が短くなり、途中に供給点が必要になる。 e.散布経費が高い。 f.残留効果が小さい。(In the case of liquid) a. Poor spraying efficiency due to high moisture content. b. If the concentration is increased to near the eutectic (saturated) concentration, a part of the crystals may be crystallized and cannot be sprayed. c. When the concentration is reduced, the freezing temperature increases, the effects of snow melting and prevention of freezing are reduced, and the possibility of refreezing increases. d. Since the amount of application per unit area increases, the application distance becomes shorter, and a supply point is required on the way. e. Spraying costs are high. f. Low residual effect.
【0009】(顆粒の場合) a.散布するときに材料が路肩方向に飛ばされる。 b.融雪機能を発揮するのに時間がかかる。この間に車
両の走行や風で飛散され、路面定着率が低い。 c.飛散を避けるために顆粒を小さくすると粉塵が発生
しやすい。 d.飛散を避けるために車両の散布速度を下げると交通
の支障となる。 e.路面定着率が低いと大量散布となり、不経済で無駄
な材料が環境に影響を与える。 f.車両の散布速度を下げると散布経費が高くなる。(In the case of granules) a. The material is blown off toward the shoulder when spraying. b. It takes time to exhibit the snow melting function. During this time, it is scattered by the running of the vehicle and the wind, and the road surface fixing rate is low. c. If the granules are made small to avoid scattering, dust is likely to be generated. d. Reducing the spraying speed of the vehicle to avoid scattering will hinder traffic. e. When the road surface anchorage rate is low, a large amount of dust is applied, and uneconomical and wasteful materials affect the environment. f. Spreading costs increase as the vehicle spray speed is reduced.
【0010】この発明は、前記事情に着目してなされた
もので、その目的とするところは、路面にスラリー状の
凍結防止剤を散布することにより、凍結防止剤の速効性
と路面定着率を上げ、高速度に散布することにより、経
済的で安全な凍結防止剤の散布装置を提供することにあ
る。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to spray a slurry-like antifreezing agent on a road surface to improve the quick-acting effect of the antifreezing agent. An object of the present invention is to provide an economical and safe antifreezing agent spraying device by increasing a road surface fixing rate and spraying at a high speed.
【0011】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、前記目的を
達成するために、走行する車両に搭載され、路面に凍結
防止剤を散布する凍結防止剤の散布装置において、固体
凍結防止剤を供給する供給手段と、温水、不凍液等の溶
液を供給する溶液供給手段と、前記固体凍結防止剤を微
粉状に破砕しながら前記溶液と混合して微粉状に破砕さ
れた固体凍結防止剤50〜70%を含むスラリーを形成
する破砕・混合手段と、前記スラリーを受取って散布す
る回転自在な散布ディスクを有する散布手段とを具備し
た凍結防止剤の散布装置としたことを特徴とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is mounted on a traveling vehicle and freezes on a road surface.
In the antifreeze spraying device that sprays antifreeze,
Supply means for supplying the anti-freezing agent and melting of hot water, antifreeze, etc.
A solution supply means for supplying a liquid;
While crushing into a powder, it is mixed with the above solution and crushed into a fine powder.
A slurry containing 50-70% of the solid deicing agent
Crushing / mixing means for receiving and spraying the slurry
Spreading means having a rotatable spreading disk.
And a spraying device for the antifreezing agent.
【0012】前記スラリ−は、溶液と微粉状凍結防止剤
からなる流動性を有する泥状の混合物なので、散布時の
粉塵は無く、直ちに路面に付着し、あわせて顆粒散布の
ような作用をするため顆粒散布の効果が期待できる。The slurry comprises a solution and a finely powdered deicing agent.
Because mud-like mixture having a fluidity consisting dust during spraying is not immediately attached to the road surface, the effect of the granule spraying can be expected to the effects such as granules sprayed together.
【0013】また、車両に、固体凍結防止剤を供給する
供給手段と溶液を供給する溶液供給手段を搭載し、車両
の走行中に固体凍結防止剤を微粉状に破砕しながら、こ
の破砕された固体凍結防止剤と溶液とを混合してスラリ
ー状にし、このスラリーを散布ディスクによって散布す
ることから、路面に散布された凍結防止剤は通行車両に
踏まれて飛散する量が極めて少なく、凍結防止剤の性能
は最大限に発揮される。 Further, in the vehicle, equipped with the solution supply means for supplying feed means and the solution supplying solid cryoprotectant, while crushing the solid cryoprotectant pulverized during running of the vehicle, this
Mix the crushed solid deicing agent and the solution
The over-like, since spraying the slurry by spraying disk, antifreeze that is sprayed on the road surface is rather extremely small amount of scattered depressed to passing vehicles, the performance of the cryoprotectant is maximized You.
【0014】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を図
面に基づいて説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0015】図1は凍結防止剤の散布装置を示し、車両
1には後述する固体凍結防止剤2を供給する供給手段と
してのスクリュ−コンベア3が設けられている。このス
クリュ−コンベア3は車両1に対して略水平状態に設け
られた材料搬送筒体4の内部にスクリュ−5が回転自在
に収納されている。FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for spraying an antifreeze, and a vehicle 1 is provided with a screw conveyor 3 as a supply means for supplying a solid antifreeze 2 to be described later. The screw conveyor 3 has a screw 5 rotatably housed inside a material transporting cylinder 4 provided substantially horizontally with respect to the vehicle 1.
【0016】材料搬送筒体4の後端側は材料収納ホッパ
(図示しない)に接続され、先端部には材料供給口6が
設けられている。スクリュ−5の後端側は電動機等の回
転駆動源(図示しない)に直結され、先端部は材料供給
口6まで延出されている。さらに、スクリュ−5のシャ
フト7はパイプによって形成され、このシャフト7の空
洞部には溶液供給手段としての溶液供給管8が挿通され
ている。The rear end side of the material transport cylinder 4 is connected to a material storage hopper (not shown), and a material supply port 6 is provided at the front end. The rear end of the screw 5 is directly connected to a rotary drive source (not shown) such as an electric motor, and the front end extends to the material supply port 6. Further, a shaft 7 of the screw 5 is formed by a pipe, and a solution supply pipe 8 as a solution supply means is inserted into a hollow portion of the shaft 7.
【0017】溶液供給管8の先端部は前記材料供給口6
から下方に略直角に折曲されており、先端には噴出口9
が設けられている。この溶液供給管8によって供給され
る溶液10は、温水、不凍液、食塩水等の凍結が防止さ
れた液体であり、固体凍結防止剤2と溶液10とを混合
する略垂直方向に設けられた混合落下筒体11の内部に
導かれるようになっている。The tip of the solution supply pipe 8 is connected to the material supply port 6.
Is bent downward at a substantially right angle.
Is provided. The solution 10 supplied by the solution supply pipe 8 is a liquid such as warm water, an antifreeze, or a salt solution which is prevented from freezing, and is provided in a substantially vertical direction for mixing the solid antifreeze 2 and the solution 10. It is designed to be guided inside the falling cylinder 11.
【0018】混合落下筒体11の途中には油圧モ−タ1
2がその回転軸12aを垂直方向に向けた状態に取付け
られており、この回転軸12aには破砕・混合手段とし
ての破砕混合機13が設けられている。油圧モ−タ12
は油圧供給管14を介して油圧ポンプ(図示しない)に
接続されており、油圧によって回転するようになってい
るが、破砕混合機13は油圧に限定されず、電気、空気
などの駆動源で駆動してもよい。In the middle of the mixing drop cylinder 11, a hydraulic motor 1 is provided.
The crushing / mixing machine 13 is provided on the rotating shaft 12a as crushing / mixing means. Hydraulic motor 12
Is connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown) via a hydraulic supply pipe 14 and rotates by hydraulic pressure. However, the crushing mixer 13 is not limited to hydraulic pressure, and is driven by a driving source such as electricity or air. It may be driven.
【0019】混合落下筒体11の下端側部には取付け部
材15によって油圧又は電動のモ−タ16が回転軸16
aを垂直方向に向けた状態に取付けられており、この回
転軸16aには散布手段を構成する散布ディスク17が
固定されている。散布ディスク17は路面Lの近傍に位
置しており、上面には放射状に羽根18が設けられてい
る。さらに、前記混合落下筒体11の下端部には破砕混
合機13によって破砕混合されたスラリ−状の凍結防止
剤19を散布ディスク17の上面に落下させるためにシ
ュ−ト20が設けられている。そして、散布ディスク1
7はシュ−ト20から落下するスラリ−状の凍結防止剤
19を遠心力によって飛散させて路面Lに散布するよう
になっている。At the lower end of the mixing and dropping cylinder 11, a hydraulic or electric motor 16 is mounted on a rotating shaft 16 by a mounting member 15.
a is mounted in a state where it is oriented in the vertical direction, and a spray disk 17 constituting spray means is fixed to the rotating shaft 16a. The spreading disk 17 is located in the vicinity of the road surface L, and the upper surface is provided with blades 18 radially. Further, at the lower end of the mixing and dropping cylinder 11, a shout 20 is provided for dropping the slurry-like deicing agent 19 crushed and mixed by the crushing mixer 13 onto the upper surface of the spreading disk 17. . And the spreading disc 1
Numeral 7 is such that the slurry-like antifreezing agent 19 falling from the shoe 20 is scattered by the centrifugal force and sprayed on the road surface L.
【0020】ここで、使用する固体凍結防止剤2につい
て説明すると、表1の通りである。Here, the solid antifreeze 2 used is described in Table 1.
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0021】液状凍結防止剤は、共融濃度まで濃度を上
げると、結晶したり、沈殿するので保管や散布作業が困
難になる。このため、表1の使用濃度%で示すように、
実際に使用している濃度は、共融点濃度より下げて使用
しているので、散布する水分が多くなり、散布効果が低
下する。ただし、活性剤などを添加すると濃度を上げる
ことができるが高価になる。When the concentration of the liquid antifreezing agent is increased to the eutectic concentration, it crystallizes or precipitates, so that it becomes difficult to store and spray. For this reason, as shown by the use concentration% in Table 1,
Since the concentration actually used is lower than the eutectic point concentration, the amount of water to be sprayed increases, and the spraying effect is reduced. However, when an activator or the like is added, the concentration can be increased, but it becomes expensive.
【0022】しかし、スラリ−は、流動性のある泥状物
で、微粉状に破砕した固体凍結防止剤が粉塵となって飛
散することがない。凍結防止剤の混合量は粒度や気象に
も左右されるが、スラリーとするには凍結防止剤を50
〜70%まで含ませるのが適当である。However, the slurry is a fluid mud.
As a result, the solid deicing agent crushed into fine powder forms
There is no scattering. Mixing amount of cryoprotectant is also dependent on the particle size and weather, the cryoprotectant to the slurry 50
It is appropriate to include up to 70%.
【0023】次に、前述のように構成された散布装置を
用いて凍結防止剤を散布する散布方法について説明す
る。Next, a spraying method for spraying an antifreeze using the spraying apparatus configured as described above will be described.
【0024】車両1の走行中にスクリュ−コンベア3の
スクリュ−5を回転駆動すると、材料搬送筒体4の内部
の固体凍結防止剤2はスクリュ−5によって材料供給口
6へ送られるとともに、溶液供給管8から溶液10が送
られる。従って、固体凍結防止剤2と溶液10は混合落
下筒体11の内部の破砕混合機13に落下する。When the screw 5 of the screw conveyor 3 is rotated while the vehicle 1 is running, the solid deicing agent 2 inside the material conveying cylinder 4 is sent to the material supply port 6 by the screw 5 and the solution The solution 10 is sent from the supply pipe 8. Therefore, the solid antifreeze 2 and the solution 10 fall into the crushing mixer 13 inside the mixing and falling cylinder 11.
【0025】破砕混合機13は落下する固体凍結防止剤
2を微粉状に破砕するとともに、供給される溶液10と
混合し、固体凍結防止剤50〜70%を含むスラリ−状
の凍結防止剤19を製造する。得られた凍結防止剤19
は破砕混合機13から落下してシュ−ト20によって散
布ディスク17の上面に供給される。The crushing / mixing machine 13 crushes the falling solid deicing agent 2 into fine powder, mixes it with the supplied solution 10, and prepares a slurry-shaped deicing agent 19 containing 50 to 70% of the solid deicing agent. To manufacture. Obtained antifreeze agent 19
Is dropped from the crushing mixer 13 and supplied to the upper surface of the spreading disk 17 by the shot 20.
【0026】このとき、散布ディスク17はモ−タ16
によって回転しているため、スラリ−状の凍結防止剤1
9は遠心力によって外周方向に飛散され、路面Lに散布
される。散布された凍結防止剤19は、粉塵が発生しな
い程度に湿ったものであるので、路面定着率が高く、液
状散布の速効性と顆粒散布の持続性の双方の効果があ
る。しかも、固体凍結防止剤2を50〜70%を含むス
ラリ−状であるため、水分(30〜50%)が少なく、
再凍結の虞もない。At this time, the spreading disk 17 is connected to the motor 16
Slurry deicing agent 1
9 is scattered in the outer peripheral direction by centrifugal force and is scattered on the road surface L. Since the sprayed anti-freezing agent 19 is wet to the extent that dust is not generated, the road surface fixation rate is high, and both the effect of liquid spraying and the effect of granule spraying are both effective. Moreover, since it is a slurry containing 50 to 70% of the solid deicing agent 2, water (30 to 50%) is small,
There is no risk of re-freezing.
【0027】従って、この発明の凍結防止剤散布装置
は、積雪寒冷地の道路、空港、公園、グランド等に幅広
く使用できる。Therefore, the antifreezing agent of the present invention is sprayed.apparatus
Is wide on roads, airports, parks, and grounds in snowy and cold regions
Can be used well.
【0028】[0028]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、請求項1の発明に
よれば、破砕された固体凍結防止剤を50〜70%含む
スラリーを散布するので、粉塵や飛散も少なく、路面定
着率が高く、液状散布の速効性と顆粒散布の持続性の効
果が共に得られる。従って、凍結防止剤の使用量を少な
くすることができ、経済的な凍結路面管理が可能とな
り、環境に対する影響も少なくなる。また、固体凍結防
止剤50〜70%を含むスラリ−状であるため、水分
(30〜50%)が少なく、再凍結の虞もないという効
果がある。As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, 50 to 70% of a crushed solid deicing agent is contained.
Since spraying the slurry, dust and scattering is also rather low, high road retention, persistence of the effect of fast-acting and granules spraying liquid spray is obtained together. Therefore, the amount of use of the antifreezing agent can be reduced, the economical management of the frozen road surface is possible, and the influence on the environment is reduced. In addition, since it is a slurry containing 50 to 70% of a solid antifreezing agent, there is an effect that there is little water (30 to 50%) and there is no fear of refreezing.
【図1】この発明の第1の実施形態を示す凍結防止剤の
散布装置の一部を示す横断側面図。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view showing a part of an antifreeze spraying apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
1 車両 2 固体凍結防止剤 3 スクリュ−コンベア(供給手段) 8 溶液供給管(溶液供給手段) 10 溶液 13 破砕混合機(破砕・混合手段) 17 散布ディスク 19 凍結防止剤 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle 2 Solid anti-freezing agent 3 Screw conveyor (supply means) 8 Solution supply pipe (solution supply means) 10 Solution 13 Crushing / mixing machine (crushing / mixing means) 17 Spraying disc 19 Antifreezing agent
Claims (1)
止剤を散布する凍結防止剤の散布装置において、 固体凍結防止剤を供給する供給手段と、 温水、不凍液等の溶液を供給する溶液供給手段と、 前記固体凍結防止剤を微粉状に破砕しながら前記溶液と
混合して微粉状に破砕された固体凍結防止剤50〜70
%を含むスラリーを形成する破砕・混合手段と、前記スラリー を受取って散布する回転自在な散布ディス
クを有する散布手段とを具備したことを特徴とする凍結
防止剤の散布装置。1. An antifreeze spraying device mounted on a traveling vehicle and spraying an antifreeze on a road surface, comprising: a supply unit for supplying a solid antifreeze; and a solution supply for supplying a solution such as hot water or antifreeze. Means, while the solid antifreeze is crushed into fine powder , mixed with the solution and crushed into fine powder 50-70
%, And a dispersing device having a rotatable dispersing disk for receiving and dispersing the slurry .
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP03260599A JP3148193B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 1999-02-10 | Antifreeze sprayer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP03260599A JP3148193B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 1999-02-10 | Antifreeze sprayer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000230223A JP2000230223A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
JP3148193B2 true JP3148193B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
Family
ID=12363501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP03260599A Expired - Fee Related JP3148193B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 1999-02-10 | Antifreeze sprayer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP3148193B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101214891B1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-12-24 | 주식회사 광림 | Liquid-powder material multiple spreader |
KR101918183B1 (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2018-11-13 | 박연오 | Cap having insect and awning function |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4268288B2 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2009-05-27 | 新潟トランシス株式会社 | Antifreeze spraying device |
EP3656921B1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2021-01-06 | Springer Kommunaltechnik GmbH | Distributing device for spreading granular and liquid material |
CN112726480A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-30 | 林芳芳 | Snow removing device for landscaping |
KR102351797B1 (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-01-14 | 이운재 | A device for producing a salt solution for snow removal |
KR102350477B1 (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-01-12 | 경상북도 영천시 | A device for producing a salt solution for snow removal |
CN114793717B (en) * | 2022-05-15 | 2022-11-22 | 皖西学院 | Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving cold resistance of camellia oleifera |
-
1999
- 1999-02-10 JP JP03260599A patent/JP3148193B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101214891B1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-12-24 | 주식회사 광림 | Liquid-powder material multiple spreader |
KR101918183B1 (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2018-11-13 | 박연오 | Cap having insect and awning function |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2000230223A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
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