JP2021028354A - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、ロータリーキルン式の炭化装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a rotary kiln type carbonizer.
従来、ロータリーキルン式の炭化装置は、回転する筒体の後端の高さが前端の高さよりも高くなるように傾けて配置されており、筒体の回転に伴い被処理物が後方から前方にゆっくりと移送されて、その間、被処理物には熱処理が施される。
熱処理は、筒体の外面をバーナーで６００℃から８００℃くらいの温度で加熱することによって内部の被処理物を炭化させるものである。
炭化させる際に発生する乾留ガスは有毒で黒色でありタール分等を含み臭気もあるので、別途に設置した二次燃焼室において、ファンで空気を取り入れながら乾留ガスと混合し、それを８００℃くらいで２秒から３秒間加熱燃焼することで黒色の煙の発生を抑えて無害なガスにしている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
Conventionally, a rotary kiln type carbonizer is arranged at an angle so that the height of the rear end of the rotating cylinder is higher than the height of the front end, and the object to be processed moves from the rear to the front as the cylinder rotates. It is slowly transferred, during which the object to be treated is heat treated.
In the heat treatment, the outer surface of the cylinder is heated with a burner at a temperature of about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. to carbonize the inner object to be treated.
The carbonization gas generated during carbonization is toxic, black, contains tar, etc., and has an odor. Therefore, in a separately installed secondary combustion chamber, air is taken in by a fan and mixed with the carbonization gas, which is mixed at 800 ° C. By heating and burning for about 2 to 3 seconds, the generation of black smoke is suppressed and the gas is made harmless (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、二次燃焼室を別個に設置すると製作費も高くなるし、設置面積が広くなり省スペース化が図れない。
また、炭化炉から二次燃焼室へ乾留ガスが移動するために、鋼板の内部に耐火材を施工したダクトが必要となり、この二次燃焼室からの排気ガスを炭化炉の熱源に利用するとなると、この排気ガスを炭化炉に戻すダクトも必要となるので非常に大がかりな構造となる。
また、環境性やランニングコストの点から、乾留ガスを燃焼させて発生する排気ガスの熱を有効に利用して熱効率を上げる必要もある。
However, if the secondary combustion chamber is installed separately, the production cost becomes high, the installation area becomes large, and space saving cannot be achieved.
In addition, in order for the dry distillation gas to move from the carbonization furnace to the secondary combustion chamber, a duct with a fireproof material installed inside the steel plate is required, and the exhaust gas from this secondary combustion chamber will be used as the heat source for the carbonization furnace. Since a duct for returning this exhaust gas to the carbonization furnace is also required, the structure is very large.
In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness and running cost, it is also necessary to effectively utilize the heat of the exhaust gas generated by burning the carbonization gas to improve the thermal efficiency.
そこで、本発明の目的とするところは、軽量かつ製造費用が安価で、しかも熱効率が高い炭化装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus that is lightweight, inexpensive to manufacture, and has high thermal efficiency.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、後部には有機物が含まれた被処理物（９）を投入する投入口が設けられ、前部には前記被処理物（９）を排出する排出口が設けられ、前記後部の高さが前記前部の高さよりも高くなるように傾けて炭化炉（Ａ）内に配置された円筒状の筒体（３）を回転させるとともに、前記被処理物（９）に対して熱処理を施して炭化させる炭化装置であって、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）を、前記後部から前記前部まで上側部と下側部に仕切る横仕切り壁（５）を設けて、前記筒体（３）を前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部を貫通するように配置し、
前記熱処理によって前記筒体（３）内で発生した乾留ガスを、前記筒体から前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部に供給する乾留ガスパイプ（４）と、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部に設けられ、供給された乾留ガスを吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室（２）と、
前記二次燃焼室（２）で発生した二次燃焼ガスを、前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部から上側部に流す開口部（８）を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is provided with an input port for charging the object to be treated (9) containing an organic substance at the rear portion, and discharges the object to be treated (9) at the front portion. A discharge port is provided, and the cylindrical cylinder (3) arranged in the carbonization furnace (A) is rotated by tilting the rear portion so as to be higher than the height of the front portion, and the cover is covered. A carbonization apparatus that heat-treats and carbonizes the processed material (9).
The carbonization furnace (A) is provided with a horizontal partition wall (5) that divides the carbonization furnace (A) into an upper portion and a lower portion from the rear portion to the front portion, and the tubular body (3) is divided into the upper portion of the carbonization furnace (A). Place it so that it penetrates
A dry distillation gas pipe (4) that supplies the dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder (3) by the heat treatment from the cylinder to the lower portion of the carbonization furnace (A).
A secondary combustion chamber (2) provided in the lower part of the carbonization furnace (A) and combusting the supplied dry distillation gas together with the intake air.
It is characterized by including an opening (8) for flowing the secondary combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (2) from the lower portion to the upper portion of the carbonization furnace (A).
また、本発明は、前記乾留ガスパイプ（４）は、前記筒体（３）の前部と前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部前部の間に設けられるとともに、前記開口部（８）は前記炭化炉（Ａ）の後部に形成され、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部前部に前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口（１０）を設けたことを特徴とする。
Further, in the present invention, the dry distillation gas pipe (4) is provided between the front portion of the tubular body (3) and the lower front portion of the carbonization furnace (A), and the opening (8) is provided. Formed at the rear of the carbonization furnace (A),
An outlet (10) for discharging the secondary combustion gas is provided in the upper front portion of the carbonization furnace (A).
また、本発明は、前記乾留ガスパイプ（４）は、前記筒体（３）の後部と前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部後部の間に設けられるとともに、前記開口部（８）は前記炭化炉（Ａ）の前部に形成され、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部後部に前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口（１０）を設けたことを特徴とする。
Further, in the present invention, the dry distillation gas pipe (4) is provided between the rear portion of the tubular body (3) and the lower rear portion of the carbonization furnace (A), and the opening (8) is carbonized. Formed at the front of the furnace (A),
It is characterized in that an outlet (10) for discharging the secondary combustion gas is provided at the upper rear portion of the carbonization furnace (A).
また、本発明は、後部には有機物が含まれた被処理物（９）を投入する投入口が設けられ、前部には前記被処理物（９）を排出する排出口が設けられ、前記後部の高さが前記前部の高さよりも高くなるように傾けて炭化炉（Ａ）内に配置された円筒状の筒体（３）を回転させるとともに、前記被処理物（９）に対して熱処理を施して炭化させる炭化装置であって、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）を、前記後部から前記前部まで上側部と下側部に仕切る横仕切り壁（５）を設けるとともに、前記横仕切り壁（５）から下方に垂設され前記炭化炉（Ａ）を左側部と右側部に仕切る縦仕切り壁（４２）を設けて、前記筒体（３）を前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部を貫通するように配置し、
前記熱処理によって前記筒体（３）内で発生した乾留ガスを、前記筒体（３）の前部から前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方の前部に供給する乾留ガスパイプ（４）と、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方に設けられ、供給された乾留ガスを吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室（２）と、
前記二次燃焼室（２）で発生した二次燃焼ガスを、前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方から他方に流す、前記炭化炉（Ａ）の後部に形成された開口部（４０）と、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の下側部の左側部及び右側部の他方の側面と前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部側面を連結する連結ダクト（４１）と、
前記炭化炉（Ａ）の上側部に設けられた、前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口（１０）を備えることを特徴とする。
Further, in the present invention, the rear part is provided with an input port for charging the object to be treated (9) containing an organic substance, and the front part is provided with an outlet for discharging the object to be processed (9). The cylindrical cylinder (3) arranged in the carbonization furnace (A) is rotated so that the height of the rear portion is higher than the height of the front portion, and the object to be treated (9) is subjected to the rotation. It is a carbonization device that heat-treats and carbonizes.
The carbonization furnace (A) is provided with a horizontal partition wall (5) that partitions the carbonization furnace (A) from the rear portion to the front portion into an upper portion and a lower portion, and is vertically installed downward from the horizontal partition wall (5). A vertical partition wall (42) for partitioning A) from the left side portion and the right side portion is provided, and the tubular body (3) is arranged so as to penetrate the upper portion of the carbonization furnace (A).
The carbonization gas generated in the tubular body (3) by the heat treatment is supplied from the front portion of the tubular body (3) to one front portion of the lower left portion and the right side portion of the carbonization furnace (A). Carbonization gas pipe (4) and
A secondary combustion chamber (2) provided on one of the left side portion and the right side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace (A) and combusting the supplied dry distillation gas together with the intake air.
Formed in the rear part of the carbonization furnace (A) in which the secondary combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (2) flows from one of the left side portion and the right side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace (A) to the other. With the opening (40)
A connecting duct (41) connecting the other side surface of the lower left side portion and the right side portion of the carbonization furnace (A) and the upper side surface of the carbonization furnace (A).
It is characterized by including an outlet (10) for discharging the secondary combustion gas, which is provided on the upper side of the carbonization furnace (A).
なお、上記括弧内の記号は、図面および後述する発明を実施するための形態に掲載された対応要素または対応事項を示す。 The symbols in parentheses indicate the corresponding elements or corresponding items described in the drawings and the mode for carrying out the invention described later.
本発明の炭化装置によれば、炭化炉の上側部を貫通して回転する筒体内で発生する乾留ガスを、吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室を、炭化炉内を横仕切り壁で仕切りその下側部に設けるようにしたので、二次燃焼室を炭化炉とは別個に設置したものと比較して、コンパクトに製造することができる。
これにより、設置面積を特に広くとることもなく省スペース化が図れ、軽量かつ製造費用を安価にすることができる。
しかも、二次燃焼室からの二次燃焼ガス（排気ガス）を炭化炉の熱源にそのまま利用することができるので、熱効率が高い炭化装置を提供することができる。
According to the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, the inside of the carbonization furnace is partitioned by a horizontal partition wall in the secondary combustion chamber where the dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder rotating through the upper part of the carbonization furnace is burned together with the intake air. Since it is provided in the lower part thereof, it can be manufactured more compactly as compared with the case where the secondary combustion chamber is installed separately from the carbonization furnace.
As a result, space can be saved without taking a particularly large installation area, and the weight and manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Moreover, since the secondary combustion gas (exhaust gas) from the secondary combustion chamber can be used as it is as the heat source of the carbonization furnace, it is possible to provide a carbonization device having high thermal efficiency.
また、乾留ガスを筒体から二次燃焼室に取り込む乾留ガスパイプの位置や二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口の位置を変えることで、二次燃焼ガスを筒体の後部から前部にも、あるいは筒体の前部から後部にも流すことができる。 In addition, by changing the position of the carbonization gas pipe that takes in the carbonization gas from the cylinder into the secondary combustion chamber and the position of the outlet that discharges the secondary combustion gas, the secondary combustion gas can be transferred from the rear to the front of the cylinder or from the rear to the front. It can also flow from the front to the rear of the cylinder.
また本発明によれば、炭化炉内を横仕切り壁で上下に仕切るとともにさらに縦仕切り壁で左右に仕切り、左側部及び右側部の一方に二次燃焼室を設け、二次燃焼ガスを左側部及び右側部の一方から他方に流すようにしたので、さらにコンパクト化が図れる。
また、二次燃焼ガスは、左側部及び右側部の一方から他方と、炭化炉の下側部において筒体に接近した位置で流れ、炭化炉の上側部では前部側から後部側に流れる、熱伝導効率の良い向流にすることができる。
Further, according to the present invention, the inside of the carbonization furnace is partitioned vertically by a horizontal partition wall and further divided into left and right by a vertical partition wall, a secondary combustion chamber is provided on one of the left side portion and the right side portion, and the secondary combustion gas is supplied to the left side portion. And since it is made to flow from one of the right side to the other, further compactness can be achieved.
Further, the secondary combustion gas flows from one of the left side and the right side to the other at a position close to the cylinder in the lower part of the carbonization furnace, and flows from the front side to the rear side in the upper part of the carbonization furnace. It is possible to make a countercurrent with good heat conduction efficiency.
なお、本発明の炭化装置のように、二次燃焼室を炭化炉内に設けて一体化した点は、上述した特許文献１には全く記載されていない。 It should be noted that the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 does not describe at all that the secondary combustion chamber is provided in the carbonization furnace and integrated as in the carbonization apparatus of the present invention.
（第１実施形態）
図１乃至図３を参照して、本発明の第１実施形態に係る炭化装置を説明する。
この炭化装置は、図１に示すように、有機物が含まれた被処理物９を、回転する円筒状の筒体（キルン）３の中に投入して熱処理を施すことにより炭化させる装置である。この炭化によって乾留ガスが発生する。
筒体３は、耐熱鋼製で、後部の高さが前部の高さよりも高くなるように傾けた状態で、しかも炭化炉Ａ内を貫通した状態で配置されている。筒体３の後部には被処理物９を投入する投入口５１が設けられ、前部には被処理物９を排出する排出口５２が設けられている。筒体３は、投入口５１側，排出口５２側ともパッキン１５を介して炭化炉Ａに回転自在に取り付けられている。
炭化炉Ａは縦長で鋼板１４の内部にキャスタブル等の耐火材１２を構築したものである。
なお、図１は作図を簡単にする為、筒体３を水平に配置した図となっており、現実には水平据え付け面３４が水平である。筒体３は水平据え付け面（水平面）３４に対して傾けられていて、本実施形態では、炭化炉Ａも筒体３と同じように水平据え付け面（水平面）３４に対して傾けられている。
(First Embodiment)
The carbonization apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
As shown in FIG. 1, this carbonization device is a device that carbonizes an object 9 containing an organic substance by putting it into a rotating cylindrical cylinder (kiln) 3 and performing heat treatment. .. This carbonization produces carbonization gas.
The tubular body 3 is made of heat-resistant steel, and is arranged in a state of being tilted so that the height of the rear portion is higher than the height of the front portion, and in a state of penetrating the inside of the carbonization furnace A. The rear portion of the tubular body 3 is provided with an input port 51 for charging the object to be processed 9, and the front portion is provided with a discharge port 52 for discharging the object to be processed 9. The cylinder 3 is rotatably attached to the carbonization furnace A via the packing 15 on both the input port 51 side and the discharge port 52 side.
The carbonization furnace A is vertically long and has a refractory material 12 such as a castable built inside the steel plate 14.
Note that FIG. 1 is a diagram in which the tubular body 3 is arranged horizontally in order to simplify drawing, and in reality, the horizontal installation surface 34 is horizontal. The tubular body 3 is tilted with respect to the horizontal installation surface (horizontal plane) 34, and in the present embodiment, the carbonization furnace A is also tilted with respect to the horizontal installation surface (horizontal plane) 34 in the same manner as the tubular body 3.
投入口５１にはパッキン１５を介してスクリューフィーダー１９が挿通され、処理品投入口３０からロータリーバルブ１８を介して連続投入された被処理物９が筒体３の内部に運ばれる。 A screw feeder 19 is inserted into the charging port 51 via the packing 15, and the object to be processed 9 continuously charged from the processed product charging port 30 via the rotary valve 18 is carried inside the cylinder 3.
排出口５２にはパッキン１５を介して下部の落ち口にロータリーバルブ１８を設けた排出フード３２を取り付け、空気が入らない構造にしている。排出フード３２内の被処理物９は、ロータリーバルブ１８を通り被処理品出口２９から排出される。排出フード３２の全周には保温材１３が施工されている。 A discharge hood 32 having a rotary valve 18 provided at a lower drop port is attached to the discharge port 52 via a packing 15 to prevent air from entering. The object 9 to be processed in the discharge hood 32 is discharged from the product outlet 29 to be processed through the rotary valve 18. A heat insulating material 13 is installed on the entire circumference of the discharge hood 32.
筒体３を回転させる駆動機構は、周知のロータリーキルンと全く同じ構造であり、２本のタイヤ２１の下に軸受２２に支持された各２個の受けローラー２６を設置し、後方のタイヤ２１の近くにスプロケット２５を設置して、減速機２３の動力をローラーチェーン２４を介してスプロケット２５に伝えることで回転させるものである。 The drive mechanism for rotating the cylinder 3 has exactly the same structure as the well-known rotary kiln, and two receiving rollers 26 supported by bearings 22 are installed under the two tires 21 to form the rear tire 21. A sprocket 25 is installed nearby, and the power of the speed reducer 23 is transmitted to the sprocket 25 via a roller chain 24 to rotate the sprocket 25.
炭化炉Ａの前部には排ガス（後述する二次燃焼ガス）を排出する排ガス出口１０が設けられている。排ガス出口１０には排ガスダクト１１を介して煙突３１が設けられている。また、煙突３１の下方には耐熱排気ファン２０が設けられ、排ガスの排出を円滑にしている。 An exhaust gas outlet 10 for discharging exhaust gas (secondary combustion gas described later) is provided in the front portion of the carbonization furnace A. The exhaust gas outlet 10 is provided with a chimney 31 via an exhaust gas duct 11. Further, a heat-resistant exhaust fan 20 is provided below the chimney 31 to facilitate the discharge of exhaust gas.
そして、図１及び図２に示すように、炭化炉Ａはその後部から前部まで横仕切り壁５によって上側部と下側部に仕切られている。横仕切り壁５は、耐火煉瓦製で、断面形状において中央部が側面部よりも上方に突出したアーチ形状をしている。筒体３は炭化炉Ａの上側部を貫通するように配置されていて炭化炉Ａと筒体３の間に炭化室１が形成され、また炭化炉Ａの下側部に二次燃焼室２が形成されている。
横仕切り壁５の前部は、図２に示すように、炭化炉Ａの前部壁まで延びその壁に接触しているが、横仕切り壁５の後部は、炭化炉Ａの後部壁には接触せずに後部壁との間に開口部８が形成されるように構築されている。この開口部８を、炭化炉Ａの下側部から上側部に二次燃焼ガスを導く二次燃焼ガス出口８としている。
Then, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the carbonization furnace A is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion by a horizontal partition wall 5 from the rear portion to the front portion. The horizontal partition wall 5 is made of refractory bricks and has an arch shape in which the central portion protrudes upward from the side surface portion in the cross-sectional shape. The cylinder 3 is arranged so as to penetrate the upper part of the carbonization furnace A, a carbonization chamber 1 is formed between the carbonization furnace A and the cylinder 3, and a secondary combustion chamber 2 is formed in the lower part of the carbonization furnace A. Is formed.
As shown in FIG. 2, the front part of the horizontal partition wall 5 extends to the front wall of the carbonization furnace A and is in contact with the wall, but the rear part of the horizontal partition wall 5 is on the rear wall of the carbonization furnace A. It is constructed so that the opening 8 is formed between the rear wall and the rear wall without contact. The opening 8 is a secondary combustion gas outlet 8 that guides the secondary combustion gas from the lower portion to the upper portion of the carbonization furnace A.
二次燃焼室２の前側には、乾留ガスと二次燃焼用の空気が混合しやすいように混合室６が設けられている。混合室６は、炭化炉Ａの下面から耐火煉瓦製の混合壁７を上方に開口部が形成されるように設置することで、その混合壁７の前側に形成されている。混合室６の側面には二次燃焼バーナー１７と、バタ弁３５を介して二次燃焼用の空気を取り込む二次燃焼空気ファン２７が設置されている。 A mixing chamber 6 is provided on the front side of the secondary combustion chamber 2 so that the dry distillation gas and the air for secondary combustion can be easily mixed. The mixing chamber 6 is formed on the front side of the mixing wall 7 by installing a refractory brick mixing wall 7 from the lower surface of the carbonization furnace A so as to form an opening above the mixing wall 7. On the side surface of the mixing chamber 6, a secondary combustion burner 17 and a secondary combustion air fan 27 that takes in air for secondary combustion through a flap valve 35 are installed.
また、炭化室１の側面には、複数台の炭化バーナー１６と、バタ弁３５とコントロールモーター３６を介して冷却空気ファン３３が設置されている。
なお、炭化室１は、図２に示すように、筒体３の上下中心の分割位置３７にて２分割されていて、複数本のボルトナット３８で固定されている。これにより、炭化炉Ａ内に筒体３を設置することを容易にしている。
Further, on the side surface of the carbonization chamber 1, a plurality of carbonization burners 16 and a cooling air fan 33 are installed via a flap valve 35 and a control motor 36.
As shown in FIG. 2, the carbonization chamber 1 is divided into two at a division position 37 at the center of the top and bottom of the cylinder 3, and is fixed by a plurality of bolts and nuts 38. This makes it easy to install the cylinder 3 in the carbonization furnace A.
筒体３の排出口５２と炭化炉Ａの下側部には、コ字型の乾留ガスパイプ４が設けられている。乾留ガスパイプ４は排出フード３２中に挿入され、その一端は排出フード３２の壁を貫通して筒体３の排出口５２に差し込まれ、他端は排出フード３２の壁と炭化炉Ａの下側部の壁を貫通して二次燃焼室２内に差し込まれて、熱処理によって筒体３内で発生した乾留ガスを、筒体３から炭化炉Ａの下側部に形成された二次燃焼室２に供給する。
なお、排出フード３２と炭化炉Ａの下側部の間で露出した乾留ガスパイプ４の部位には保温材１３が施工され、乾留ガスが冷めないようにしている。乾留ガスは、零点以下の温度になるとタールが発生して乾留ガスパイプ４の内壁にそのタールが付着し堆積するので保温することでそれを防止している。また、排出フード３２内において被処理物９の落下を妨げないように、図２及び図３に示すように、乾留ガスパイプ４は左右いずれかに寄せた状態で設置されている（ここでは、炭化炉Ａの前部から後部側を見て左側に寄せて設置している）。
A U-shaped dry distillation gas pipe 4 is provided at the discharge port 52 of the cylinder 3 and the lower portion of the carbonization furnace A. The carbonization gas pipe 4 is inserted into the discharge hood 32, one end of which penetrates the wall of the discharge hood 32 and is inserted into the discharge port 52 of the cylinder 3, and the other end is the wall of the discharge hood 32 and the lower side of the combustion chamber A. The dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder 3 by heat treatment, which is inserted into the secondary combustion chamber 2 through the wall of the portion, is discharged from the cylinder 3 to the lower portion of the carbonization furnace A. Supply to 2.
A heat insulating material 13 is installed on the exposed portion of the dry distillation gas pipe 4 between the discharge hood 32 and the lower portion of the carbonization furnace A to prevent the dry distillation gas from cooling. When the temperature of the carbonization gas reaches a temperature below the zero point, tar is generated and the tar adheres to and accumulates on the inner wall of the carbonization gas pipe 4, so that it is prevented by keeping the temperature warm. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the dry distillation gas pipe 4 is installed in a state of being moved to either the left or right side so as not to prevent the object 9 to be dropped in the discharge hood 32 (here, carbonization). It is installed closer to the left side when looking at the rear side from the front part of the furnace A).
なお、炭化室１及び二次燃焼室２には温度制御用の温度センサー２８を設けられている。 A temperature sensor 28 for temperature control is provided in the carbonization chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 2.
次にこのように構成された炭化装置の動作について説明する。
筒体（キルン）３の回転を開始し、煙突３１側の耐熱排気ファン２０，複数個の炭化バーナー１６，二次燃焼バーナー１７を作動し、炭化室１、二次燃焼室２の温度が設定温度に上がったら、二次燃焼空気ファン２７を作動し、スクリューフィーダー１９及びロータリーバルブ１８を作動し被処理物９を連続投入する。
このとき筒体３内で発生した乾留ガスは、乾留ガスパイプ４を通り二次燃焼室２の混合室６に入り空気と混合され、二次燃焼バーナー１７で燃焼される。これにより、発生した二次燃焼ガス（排気ガス）は、二次燃焼室２内において２秒以上滞留して二次燃焼ガス出口８を通り炭化炉Ａの上側部、すなわち炭化室１へと流れる。
Next, the operation of the carbonization apparatus configured in this way will be described.
The rotation of the cylinder (kiln) 3 is started, the heat-resistant exhaust fan 20 on the chimney 31 side, a plurality of carbonization burners 16, and the secondary combustion burners 17 are operated, and the temperatures of the carbonization chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 2 are set. When the temperature rises, the secondary combustion air fan 27 is operated, the screw feeder 19 and the rotary valve 18 are operated, and the object 9 to be processed is continuously charged.
At this time, the carbonization gas generated in the cylinder 3 passes through the carbonization gas pipe 4 and enters the mixing chamber 6 of the secondary combustion chamber 2, is mixed with air, and is burned by the secondary combustion burner 17. As a result, the generated secondary combustion gas (exhaust gas) stays in the secondary combustion chamber 2 for 2 seconds or more, passes through the secondary combustion gas outlet 8, and flows to the upper portion of the carbonization furnace A, that is, the carbonization chamber 1. ..
炭化室１では二次燃焼ガスの温度が８００℃程度（被処理物９の種類によって炭化温度は変わる）であるが、熱量が足りない場合は複数本の炭化バーナー１６にて加温して温度制御し、逆に、二次燃焼ガスの熱量が多すぎる場合は炭化バーナー１６を消火し、冷却空気フアン３３を作動しそのバタ弁３５をコントロールモーター３６にて制御し温度調節する。 In the carbonization chamber 1, the temperature of the secondary combustion gas is about 800 ° C. (the carbonization temperature changes depending on the type of the object 9 to be treated), but if the amount of heat is insufficient, the temperature is heated by a plurality of carbonization burners 16. If the amount of heat of the secondary combustion gas is too large, the carbonized burner 16 is extinguished, the cooling air fan 33 is operated, and the flutter valve 35 is controlled by the control motor 36 to control the temperature.
炭化炉Ａの下側部から上側部の炭化室１に流れた二次燃焼ガスは、炭化室１内において筒体３の後部から前部側に流れることにより筒体３を温める熱源となり、炭化炉Ａの前部に設けられた排ガス出口１０から排ガスダクト１１を通り、耐熱排気ファン２０を介して煙突３１から排出される。
そして、被処理物９は筒体３内で炭化され排出フード３２の中を落下しロータリーバルブ１８を通り処理品出口２９から排出される。
The secondary combustion gas flowing from the lower side to the upper side of the carbonization furnace A flows from the rear part to the front side of the cylinder 3 in the carbonization chamber 1 to become a heat source for warming the cylinder 3 and carbonize. It is discharged from the chimney 31 through the exhaust gas duct 11 from the exhaust gas outlet 10 provided in the front portion of the furnace A, and through the heat-resistant exhaust fan 20.
Then, the object 9 to be processed is carbonized in the cylinder 3, falls in the discharge hood 32, passes through the rotary valve 18, and is discharged from the processed product outlet 29.
このように構成された炭化装置によれば、炭化炉Ａの上側部を貫通して回転する筒体３内で発生する乾留ガスを、吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室２を、炭化炉Ａ内を横仕切り壁５で仕切った下側部に設けるようにしたので、二次燃焼室２を炭化炉Ａとは別個に設置したものと比較して、炭化炉Ａを含め装置全体をコンパクトに製造することができる。
これにより、設置面積を特に広くとることもなく省スペース化が図れ、軽量かつ製造費用を安価にすることができる。
しかも、二次燃焼室２からの二次燃焼ガス（排気ガス）を炭化炉Ａの熱源にそのまま利用することができるので、熱効率が高い炭化装置を提供することができる。
According to the carbonization apparatus configured in this way, the secondary combustion chamber 2 that burns the dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder 3 that rotates through the upper portion of the carbonization furnace A together with the intake air is provided in the carbonization furnace. Since the inside of A is provided in the lower part partitioned by the horizontal partition wall 5, the entire device including the carbonization furnace A is more compact than the one in which the secondary combustion chamber 2 is installed separately from the carbonization furnace A. Can be manufactured to.
As a result, space can be saved without taking a particularly large installation area, and the weight and manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Moreover, since the secondary combustion gas (exhaust gas) from the secondary combustion chamber 2 can be used as it is as the heat source of the carbonization furnace A, it is possible to provide a carbonization device having high thermal efficiency.
なお、耐熱排気ファン２０の前か後に被処理物９の乾燥キルンや予熱キルンを設けたり、発電ボイラーを設けたりすればもっと熱効率を上げることができる。また、耐熱排気ファン２０によって二次燃焼ガスを常時に排気しているので、パッキン１５を介して回転する回転部やその他接続部での乾留ガスや二次燃焼ガスの漏れは起こらない。 The thermal efficiency can be further improved by providing a dry kiln or a preheating kiln of the object 9 to be processed 9 or a power generation boiler before or after the heat-resistant exhaust fan 20. Further, since the secondary combustion gas is constantly exhausted by the heat-resistant exhaust fan 20, the dry distillation gas and the secondary combustion gas do not leak at the rotating portion and other connecting portions rotating via the packing 15.
なお、第一実施形態では、炭化炉Ａの下側部から上側部の炭化室１に流れた二次燃焼ガスを、炭化室１内において筒体３の後部から前部側に流れるようにしたが、図４に示すように、二次燃焼ガスを、逆に炭化室１内において筒体３の前部から後部側に流れるようにすることもできる。 In the first embodiment, the secondary combustion gas flowing from the lower side of the carbonization furnace A to the carbonization chamber 1 on the upper side is made to flow from the rear part to the front side of the cylinder 3 in the carbonization chamber 1. However, as shown in FIG. 4, on the contrary, the secondary combustion gas can be allowed to flow from the front portion to the rear portion side of the cylinder 3 in the carbonization chamber 1.
この場合は、乾留ガスパイプ４を、筒体３の後部と炭化炉Ａの下側部後部の間に設けるとともに、二次燃焼ガスを炭化炉Ａの下側部から上側部の炭化室１に流すための開口部８となる二次燃焼ガス出口８を炭化炉Ａの前部に形成し、炭化炉Ａの上側部後部に二次燃焼ガスを排出する排ガス出口１０を設ける。
また、筒体３の後部はスクリューフィーダー１９とともに投入フード３９で覆われており、投入フード３９の下端に乾留ガスパイプ４の端部が接続されている。
In this case, the carbonization gas pipe 4 is provided between the rear portion of the cylinder 3 and the lower rear portion of the carbonization furnace A, and the secondary combustion gas is flowed from the lower portion of the carbonization furnace A to the carbonization chamber 1 in the upper portion. A secondary combustion gas outlet 8 serving as an opening 8 for the purpose is formed in the front portion of the carbonization furnace A, and an exhaust gas outlet 10 for discharging the secondary combustion gas is provided in the upper rear portion of the carbonization furnace A.
Further, the rear portion of the tubular body 3 is covered with the input hood 39 together with the screw feeder 19, and the end portion of the dry distillation gas pipe 4 is connected to the lower end of the input hood 39.
（第２実施形態）
次に、図５乃至図７を参照して、本発明の第２実施形態に係る炭化装置を説明する。
本発明の第１実施形態に係る炭化装置では、図２に示したように、炭化炉Ａを横仕切り壁５によって上側部と下側部に仕切り下側部に二次燃焼室２を設けるようにしたであったが、本発明の第２実施形態に係る炭化装置では、図７に示すように、炭化炉Ａを横仕切り壁５によって上側部と下側部に仕切ることに加えて、さらに横仕切り壁５から下方に垂設された縦仕切り壁４２によって炭化炉Ａの下側部を左側部と右側部に仕切るようにして、左側部及び右側部の一方、ここでは、右側部（炭化炉Ａの前部から後部側を見て右側の部分）に二次燃焼室２を設けたものである。また、乾留ガスパイプ４は、筒体３の前部と炭化炉Ａの下側部の右側部の前部に接続され、筒体３内の乾留ガスを二次燃焼室２に供給する。
(Second Embodiment)
Next, the carbonization apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.
In the carbonization apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the carbonization furnace A is partitioned by a horizontal partition wall 5 into an upper portion and a lower portion, and a secondary combustion chamber 2 is provided in the lower portion. However, in the carbonization apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, in addition to partitioning the carbonization furnace A into an upper portion and a lower portion by a horizontal partition wall 5, further The lower part of the carbonization furnace A is divided into the left side part and the right side part by the vertical partition wall 42 vertically hung from the horizontal partition wall 5, and one of the left side part and the right side part, here, the right side part (carbonization). The secondary combustion chamber 2 is provided in the portion on the right side when viewed from the front portion to the rear portion of the furnace A). Further, the carbonization gas pipe 4 is connected to the front part of the cylinder 3 and the front part of the right side of the lower side of the carbonization furnace A, and supplies the carbonization gas in the cylinder 3 to the secondary combustion chamber 2.
二次燃焼室２は、第１実施形態と同様に、二次燃焼室２の前側には、乾留ガスと二次燃焼用の空気が混合しやすいように混合室６が設けられている。混合室６は、炭化炉Ａの下面から耐火煉瓦製の混合壁７を上方に開口部が形成されるように設置することで、その混合壁７の前側に形成されている。混合室６の側面には二次燃焼バーナー１７と、バタ弁３５を介して二次燃焼用の空気を取り込む二次燃焼空気ファン２７が設置されている。 Similar to the first embodiment, the secondary combustion chamber 2 is provided with a mixing chamber 6 on the front side of the secondary combustion chamber 2 so that the dry distillation gas and the air for secondary combustion can be easily mixed. The mixing chamber 6 is formed on the front side of the mixing wall 7 by installing a refractory brick mixing wall 7 from the lower surface of the carbonization furnace A so as to form an opening above the mixing wall 7. On the side surface of the mixing chamber 6, a secondary combustion burner 17 and a secondary combustion air fan 27 that takes in air for secondary combustion through a flap valve 35 are installed.
また、縦仕切り壁４２の前部は、炭化炉Ａの前部壁まで延びその壁に接触しているが、縦仕切り壁４２の後部は、炭化炉Ａの後部壁には接触せずに後部壁との間に開口部４０が形成されている。開口部４０は、二次燃焼ガス折り返し位置になっていて、炭化炉Ａの下側部の右側部の前部から後部に流れてきた二次燃焼ガスが折り返されて開口部４０を通り、炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部に流れ、左側部の後部から前部に流れるようになっている。 Further, the front portion of the vertical partition wall 42 extends to the front wall of the carbonization furnace A and is in contact with the wall, but the rear portion of the vertical partition wall 42 is rear without contacting the rear wall of the carbonization furnace A. An opening 40 is formed between the wall and the wall. The opening 40 is in a position where the secondary combustion gas is folded back, and the secondary combustion gas flowing from the front to the rear on the right side of the lower side of the carbonization furnace A is folded back and passes through the opening 40 to be carbonized. It flows to the left side of the lower side of the furnace A, and flows from the rear to the front of the left side.
また、炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部と炭化炉Ａの上側部側面を連結する連結ダクト４１が設けられ、炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部に流れてきた二次燃焼ガスは連結ダクト４１を通って炭化炉Ａの上側部に流れ、上側部の前部側から後部側に流れ、後部側に設けられた出口１０から排出されるようになっている。 Further, a connecting duct 41 for connecting the left side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace A and the upper side surface of the carbonization furnace A is provided, and the secondary combustion gas flowing to the left side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace A is connected. It flows through the duct 41 to the upper side of the carbonization furnace A, flows from the front side to the rear side of the upper part, and is discharged from the outlet 10 provided on the rear side.
このように、二次燃焼ガスが炭化炉Ａの上側部に流れて、上側部の前部側から後部側に流れることによって筒体３の熱源になり、二次燃焼ガスの有効利用が図られるとともに、熱伝導効率の良い向流にすることができる。 In this way, the secondary combustion gas flows to the upper portion of the carbonization furnace A and flows from the front side to the rear side of the upper portion to become a heat source for the cylinder 3, and the secondary combustion gas can be effectively used. At the same time, it is possible to create a countercurrent with good heat conduction efficiency.
なお、ここでは、混合室６が設けられる二次燃焼室２を、縦仕切り壁４２で仕切られた炭化炉Ａの下側部の右側部に設け、連結ダクト４１を炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部に設けるようにしたが、これを逆にして、乾留ガスパイプ４を筒体３の前部と炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部の前部に接続して筒体３内の乾留ガスを二次燃焼室２に供給し、二次燃焼ガスを炭化炉Ａの下側部の左側部の後部から開口部４０を通して右側部に流し、右側部の後部側から前部側に流し、炭化炉Ａの下側部の右側部と炭化炉Ａの上側部側面を連結する連結ダクト４１を介して炭化炉Ａの上側部に流すようにすることもできる。 Here, the secondary combustion chamber 2 provided with the mixing chamber 6 is provided on the right side of the lower side of the carbonization furnace A partitioned by the vertical partition wall 42, and the connecting duct 41 is provided on the lower side of the carbonization furnace A. The carbonization gas pipe 4 was connected to the front part of the cylinder 3 and the front part of the left side of the lower part of the carbonization furnace A by reversing this, and the carbonization inside the cylinder 3 was performed. Gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 2, and the secondary combustion gas is flowed from the rear part of the lower left side of the carbonization furnace A to the right side through the opening 40, and from the rear side to the front side of the right side. It is also possible to allow the carbonization furnace A to flow to the upper side portion of the carbonization furnace A via a connecting duct 41 connecting the right side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace A and the upper side surface of the carbonization furnace A.
１ 炭化室
２ 二次燃焼室
３ 筒体（キルン）
４ 乾留ガスパイプ
５ 横仕切り壁
６ 混合室
７ 混合壁
８ 二次燃焼ガス出口（開口部）
９ 被処理物
１０ 排ガス出口
１１ 排ガスダクト
１２ 耐火材
１３ 保温材
１４ 鋼板
１５ パッキン
１６ 炭化バーナー
１７ 二次燃焼空気フアン
１８ ロータリーバルブ
１９ スクリューフィーダー
２０ 耐熱排気フアン
２１ タイヤ
２２ 軸受
２３ 減速機
２４ ローラーチェーン
２５ スプロケット
２６ 受けローラー
２７ 二次燃焼空気ファン
２８ 温度センサー
２９ 処理品出口
３０ 処理品投入口
３１ 煙突
３２ 排出フード
３３ 冷却空気フアン
３４ 水平据え付け面（水平面）
３５ バタ弁
３６ コントロールモーター
３７ 分割位置
３８ ボルトナット
３９ 投入フード
４０ 二次燃焼ガス折り返し位置（開口部）
４１ 連結ダクト
４２ 縦仕切り壁
５１ 投入口
５２ 排出口
Ａ 炭化炉
1 Carbonization chamber 2 Secondary combustion chamber 3 Cylindrical body (kiln)
4 Carbonization gas pipe 5 Horizontal partition wall 6 Mixing chamber 7 Mixing wall 8 Secondary combustion gas outlet (opening)
9 Processed object 10 Exhaust gas outlet 11 Exhaust gas duct 12 Fireproof material 13 Heat insulating material 14 Steel plate 15 Packing 16 Carbonized burner 17 Secondary combustion air fan 18 Rotary valve 19 Screw feeder 20 Heat resistant exhaust fan 21 Tire 22 Bearing 23 Reducer 24 Roller chain 25 Sprocket 26 Receiving roller 27 Secondary combustion air fan 28 Temperature sensor 29 Treated product outlet 30 Treated product inlet 31 Chimney 32 Exhaust hood 33 Cooling air fan 34 Horizontal installation surface (horizontal plane)
35 Butter valve 36 Control motor 37 Split position 38 Bolt nut 39 Input hood 40 Secondary combustion gas turn-back position (opening)
41 Connecting duct 42 Vertical partition wall 51 Input port 52 Discharge port A Carbonization furnace
Claims (4)
前記炭化炉を、前記後部から前記前部まで上側部と下側部に仕切る横仕切り壁を設けて、前記筒体を前記炭化炉の上側部を貫通するように配置し、
前記熱処理によって前記筒体内で発生した乾留ガスを、前記筒体から前記炭化炉の下側部に供給する乾留ガスパイプと、
前記炭化炉の下側部に設けられ、供給された乾留ガスを吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室と、
前記二次燃焼室で発生した二次燃焼ガスを、前記炭化炉の下側部から上側部に流す開口部を備えることを特徴とする炭化装置。 The rear portion is provided with an input port for charging an object to be processed containing an organic substance, and the front portion is provided with an discharge port for discharging the object to be processed, and the height of the rear portion is higher than the height of the front portion. A carbonization device that rotates a cylindrical cylinder arranged in a carbonization furnace by tilting it so as to be high, and heat-treats the object to be treated to carbonize it.
The carbonization furnace is provided with a horizontal partition wall for partitioning the upper portion and the lower portion from the rear portion to the front portion, and the cylinder is arranged so as to penetrate the upper portion of the carbonization furnace.
A dry distillation gas pipe that supplies the dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder by the heat treatment from the cylinder to the lower portion of the carbonization furnace.
A secondary combustion chamber provided in the lower part of the carbonization furnace and combusting the supplied dry distillation gas together with the intake air.
A carbonization apparatus including an opening for flowing a secondary combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber from a lower portion to an upper portion of the carbonization furnace.
前記炭化炉の上側部前部に前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の炭化装置。 The dry distillation gas pipe is provided between the front part of the cylinder and the lower front part of the carbonization furnace, and the opening is formed in the rear part of the carbonization furnace.
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an outlet for discharging the secondary combustion gas is provided in the front portion of the upper portion of the carbonization furnace.
前記炭化炉の上側部後部に前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の炭化装置。 The carbonization gas pipe is provided between the rear portion of the cylinder and the lower rear portion of the carbonization furnace, and the opening is formed in the front portion of the carbonization furnace.
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an outlet for discharging the secondary combustion gas is provided at the upper rear portion of the carbonization furnace.
前記炭化炉を、前記後部から前記前部まで上側部と下側部に仕切る横仕切り壁を設けるとともに、前記横仕切り壁から下方に垂設され前記炭化炉を左側部と右側部に仕切る縦仕切り壁を設けて、前記筒体を前記炭化炉の上側部を貫通するように配置し、
前記熱処理によって前記筒体内で発生した乾留ガスを、前記筒体の前部から前記炭化炉の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方の前部に供給する乾留ガスパイプと、
前記炭化炉の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方に設けられ、供給された乾留ガスを吸気した空気とともに燃焼する二次燃焼室と、
前記二次燃焼室で発生した二次燃焼ガスを、前記炭化炉の下側部の左側部及び右側部の一方から他方に流す、前記炭化炉の後部に形成された開口部と、
前記炭化炉の下側部の左側部及び右側部の他方の側面と前記炭化炉の上側部側面を連結する連結ダクトと、
前記炭化炉の上側部に設けられた、前記二次燃焼ガスを排出する出口を備えることを特徴とする炭化装置。 The rear portion is provided with an input port for charging an object to be processed containing an organic substance, and the front portion is provided with an discharge port for discharging the object to be processed, and the height of the rear portion is higher than the height of the front portion. A carbonization device that rotates a cylindrical cylinder arranged in a carbonization furnace by tilting it so as to be high, and heat-treats the object to be treated to carbonize it.
The carbonization furnace is provided with a horizontal partition wall for partitioning the carbonization furnace from the rear portion to the front portion into an upper portion and a lower portion, and a vertical partition which is vertically installed downward from the horizontal partition wall to partition the carbonization furnace into a left side portion and a right side portion. A wall is provided and the cylinder is arranged so as to penetrate the upper portion of the carbonization furnace.
A dry distillation gas pipe that supplies the dry distillation gas generated in the cylinder by the heat treatment from the front portion of the cylinder to one of the left side portion and the right side portion of the lower portion of the carbonization furnace.
A secondary combustion chamber provided on one of the left side portion and the right side portion of the lower portion of the carbonization furnace and combusting the supplied dry distillation gas together with the intake air.
An opening formed in the rear part of the carbonization furnace, which allows the secondary combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber to flow from one of the left side portion and the right side portion of the lower side portion of the carbonization furnace to the other.
A connecting duct connecting the other side surface of the lower left side and the right side of the carbonization furnace and the upper side surface of the carbonization furnace,
A carbonization apparatus provided on the upper side of the carbonization furnace, comprising an outlet for discharging the secondary combustion gas.
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| JPH11278822A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-12 | Nagasaki Kogyosho:Kk | Simplified continuous activated carbon producing device |
| WO2000024671A1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-04 | Ebara Corporation | Waste carbonizing method |
| JP2001311584A (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-09 | Meidensha Corp | Rotary heating and processing method and processing device |
| JP2017197643A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 吉田 茂 | Carbonization plant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS492124A (en) * | 1972-04-19 | 1974-01-10 | ||
| JPH11278822A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-12 | Nagasaki Kogyosho:Kk | Simplified continuous activated carbon producing device |
| WO2000024671A1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-04 | Ebara Corporation | Waste carbonizing method |
| JP2001311584A (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-09 | Meidensha Corp | Rotary heating and processing method and processing device |
| JP2017197643A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 吉田 茂 | Carbonization plant |
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