JP2020186837A - Waste incinerator, and control method of refuse feeding device of waste incinerator - Google Patents

Waste incinerator, and control method of refuse feeding device of waste incinerator Download PDF

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JP2020186837A
JP2020186837A JP2019090424A JP2019090424A JP2020186837A JP 2020186837 A JP2020186837 A JP 2020186837A JP 2019090424 A JP2019090424 A JP 2019090424A JP 2019090424 A JP2019090424 A JP 2019090424A JP 2020186837 A JP2020186837 A JP 2020186837A
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waste
dispenser
dust
dust dispenser
hopper
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JP7326857B2 (en
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知広 傳田
Tomohiro Denda
知広 傳田
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JFE Engineering Corp
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Abstract

To provide a waste incinerator capable of improving quantitative feeding performance of waste.SOLUTION: A waste incinerator 1 includes a refuse feeding device 6, and a control device 21 for controlling the refuse feeding device 6. The refuse feeding device 6 has an upper refuse feeder 7 and a lower refuse feeder 8 which are vertically disposed on a receiving floor 23, and in which dimensions in a furnace longitudinal direction, of an upper pusher 7a and a lower pusher 8a are substantially same as each other. The control device 21 controls the upper refuse feeder 7 and the lower refuse feeder 8 on the basis of at least one of a moisture content of waste W in a hopper 5 detected by a moisture sensor 19, hydraulic pressures of hydraulic cylinders 7b, 8b of the upper refuse feeder 7 and/or the lower refuse feeder 8 detected by pressure sensors 17, 18, and a property of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 acquired on the basis of the thermal image of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 picked up by a thermal image pick-up device 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却する廃棄物焼却炉及び廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a waste incinerator that incinerates waste such as municipal waste and a method for controlling a dust supply device of the waste incinerator.

廃棄物焼却炉には、廃棄物が投入されるホッパ、廃棄物を燃焼させる炉が設けられる。ホッパの底部には、ホッパに投入された廃棄物を炉に押し出す給塵装置が設けられる。炉の底部には、廃棄物に燃焼用空気を供給すると共に、廃棄物を搬送する火格子が設けられる。給塵装置によって押し出された廃棄物は、炉の火格子上に供給される。 The waste incinerator is provided with a hopper into which the waste is put and a furnace for burning the waste. At the bottom of the hopper, a dust supply device is provided to push the waste put into the hopper into the furnace. At the bottom of the furnace, a grate that supplies combustion air to the waste and transports the waste is provided. The waste extruded by the dust feeder is supplied onto the grate of the furnace.

廃棄物を継続的に安定燃焼させるためには、炉に廃棄物を定量供給することが重要である。すなわち、一定発熱量の廃棄物を一定速度で火格子上に供給するのが理想である。廃棄物の定量供給性を向上させるために、特許文献１には、給塵装置を上下２段の給塵機から構成し、炉内の廃棄物の燃焼状況に基づいて上給塵機と下給塵機を制御する廃棄物焼却炉に関する技術が開示されている。 In order to continuously and stably burn waste, it is important to supply a fixed amount of waste to the furnace. That is, it is ideal to supply a constant calorific value of waste onto the grate at a constant speed. In order to improve the quantitative supply of waste, Patent Document 1 states that the dust supply device is composed of two upper and lower dust dispensers, and the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser are based on the combustion status of the waste in the furnace. A technology relating to a waste incinerator that controls a dust dispenser is disclosed.

特開２０００−２８１２１号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-28121

ところで、ホッパに投入される廃棄物の種類は様々であるため、その性状は変動する。例えば、ホッパには水分を多く含んだ廃棄物（発熱量が低い）が投入されるときも、水分が少ない廃棄物が投入されるときもある。水分を多く含んだ廃棄物は、ホッパ内で圧密され、強固に固着する場合がある。この場合、廃棄物を給塵装置によって押し出しても火格子上に落下せず、受床上に堆積していき（棚吊り）、あるタイミングで一度に大量の廃棄物が火格子上に落下する（どか落ち）といった現象が発生しやすくなる。 By the way, since there are various types of waste put into the hopper, the properties of the waste vary. For example, a waste containing a large amount of water (low calorific value) may be charged into the hopper, or a waste having a low water content may be charged into the hopper. Moisture-rich waste may be consolidated in the hopper and firmly adhered. In this case, even if the waste is pushed out by the dust supply device, it does not fall on the grate, but accumulates on the receiving floor (hanging on the shelf), and a large amount of waste falls on the grate at one time (suspended on the shelf). Phenomena such as (dropping) are likely to occur.

この棚吊り現象やどか落ち現象は、特許文献１に開示された技術のように、炉内の廃棄物の燃焼状況に基づいて上給塵機と下給塵機を制御するだけでは対応することができない。なぜならば、特許文献１に開示された技術では、棚吊り現象やどか落ち現象が発生した後の炉内の燃焼状況を基に上給塵機と下給塵機を制御しているため、時々刻々と変化する状況に時間的遅れが生じてしまい、制御が後手となるからである。このため、廃棄物の定量供給性を担保することが困難になるという課題があった。 This shelving phenomenon and the drop-off phenomenon can be dealt with by simply controlling the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser based on the combustion state of the waste in the furnace, as in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1. I can't. This is because, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser are sometimes controlled based on the combustion state in the furnace after the shelving phenomenon or the falling phenomenon occurs. This is because there is a time lag in the ever-changing situation, and control is delayed. For this reason, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to ensure the quantitative supply of waste.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、廃棄物の定量供給性を向上させることができる廃棄物焼却炉及び廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste incinerator and a method for controlling a dust supply device of a waste incinerator, which can improve the quantitative supply of waste. And.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様は、ホッパに投入された廃棄物を押し出して火格子上に供給する給塵装置と、前記給塵装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える火格子式焼却炉において、前記給塵装置は、受床上に上下に配置され、上プッシャと下プッシャの炉長方向寸法が実質的に同一である上給塵機と下給塵機を有し、前記制御装置は、水分センサが検出する前記ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、圧力センサが検出する前記上給塵機及び／又は前記下給塵機の油圧シリンダの油圧、並びに熱画像撮像装置が撮像した前記受床上の廃棄物の熱画像に基づいて取得した前記受床上の廃棄物の性状のうち、少なくとも一つに基づいて、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機を制御する廃棄物焼却炉である。 In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the present invention includes a dust supply device that pushes out the waste put into the hopper and supplies it onto the grate, and a control device that controls the dust supply device. In the lattice type incinerator, the dust supply device has an upper dust dispenser and a lower dust dispenser which are arranged vertically on the receiving floor and whose upper pusher and lower pusher have substantially the same dimensions in the furnace length direction. The control device is captured by the moisture content of the waste in the hopper detected by the moisture sensor, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the upper dust dispenser and / or the lower dust dispenser detected by the pressure sensor, and the thermal image capturing apparatus. Waste incineration that controls the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser based on at least one of the properties of the waste on the floor obtained based on the thermal image of the waste on the floor. It is a furnace.

本発明の他の態様は、ホッパに投入された廃棄物を押し出して火格子上に供給する廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法において、前記給塵装置は、受床上に上下に配置され、上プッシャと下プッシャの炉長方向寸法が実質的に同一である上給塵機と下給塵機を有し、水分センサが検出する前記ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、圧力センサが検出する前記上給塵機及び／又は前記下給塵機の油圧シリンダの油圧、並びに熱画像撮像装置が撮像した前記受床上の廃棄物の熱画像に基づいて取得した前記受床上の廃棄物の性状のうち、少なくとも一つに基づいて、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機を制御する廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法である。 Another aspect of the present invention is a method of controlling a dust supply device of a waste incinerator that pushes out the waste charged into the hopper and supplies it onto the grate, in which the dust supply devices are arranged vertically on the receiving floor. The upper duster and the lower duster have the upper duster and the lower duster having substantially the same dimensions in the furnace length direction of the upper pusher and the lower pusher, and the moisture and pressure sensors of the waste in the hopper detected by the moisture sensor detect. The properties of the waste on the receiving floor acquired based on the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the upper dust feeder and / or the lower dusting machine and the thermal image of the waste on the receiving floor imaged by the thermal image imaging device. It is a control method of a dust supply device of a waste incinerator that controls the upper dust supply machine and the lower dust supply machine based on at least one of them.

本発明の廃棄物焼却炉によれば、ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、上給塵機及び／又は下給塵機の油圧シリンダの油圧、熱画像撮像装置が撮像した受床上の廃棄物の熱画像に基づいて取得した受床上の廃棄物の性状のうち、少なくとも一つに基づいて、上給塵機と下給塵機を制御するので、廃棄物の棚吊り現象やどか落ち現象が発生するのを未然に防止することができる。したがって、廃棄物の定量供給性を向上させることができる。 According to the waste incinerator of the present invention, the water content of the waste in the hopper, the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the upper dust dispenser and / or the lower dust dispenser, and the heat of the waste on the floor imaged by the thermal image capturing apparatus. Since the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser are controlled based on at least one of the properties of the waste on the floor acquired based on the image, the waste shelf suspension phenomenon and the drop-off phenomenon occur. Can be prevented. Therefore, the quantitative supply of waste can be improved.

本発明の一実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉の縦断面図（制御装置の機能ブロック図を含む）である。It is a vertical sectional view (including a functional block diagram of a control device) of the waste incinerator of one Embodiment of this invention. 上給塵機と下給塵機の前進端位置、後退端位置、ストローク幅を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the forward end position, the backward end position, and the stroke width of the upper dust supply machine and the lower dust supply machine. 廃棄物の性状を判定する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process of determining the property of waste. 熱画像を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows the thermal image schematically.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉を詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明の廃棄物焼却炉は種々の形態で具体化することができ、明細書に記載される実施形態に限定されるものではない。本実施形態は、明細書の開示を十分にすることによって、当業者が発明を十分に理解できるようにする意図をもって提供されるものである。 Hereinafter, the waste incinerator according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the waste incinerator of the present invention can be embodied in various forms, and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification. The present embodiment is provided with the intention of allowing those skilled in the art to fully understand the invention by adequately disclosing the specification.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉１の縦断面図を示す。本実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉１は、内部に主燃焼室３と二次燃焼室４が形成される炉本体２と、廃棄物Ｗが投入されるホッパ５と、ホッパ５の底部に設けられ、廃棄物Ｗを炉本体２へ供給する給塵装置６と、炉本体２内での廃棄物Ｗの燃焼により生ずる排ガスを排出する排気部９と、廃棄物Ｗの燃焼後の灰分を排出する灰分排出部１０と、を有する。 FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a waste incinerator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The waste incinerator 1 of the present embodiment is provided at the bottom of the furnace main body 2 in which the main combustion chamber 3 and the secondary combustion chamber 4 are formed, the hopper 5 into which the waste W is charged, and the bottom of the hopper 5. , The dust supply device 6 that supplies the waste W to the furnace body 2, the exhaust unit 9 that discharges the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the waste W in the furnace body 2, and the ash content after the combustion of the waste W are discharged. It has an ash discharge unit 10.

主燃焼室３の底部には、火格子１１が設けられる。火格子１１は、可動火格子と、固定火格子と、を備える。火格子１１上の廃棄物Ｗは、可動火格子の往復運動により前方へ送られながら、乾燥、燃焼、後燃焼させられる。 A grate 11 is provided at the bottom of the main combustion chamber 3. The grate 11 includes a movable grate and a fixed grate. The waste W on the grate 11 is dried, burned, and post-combusted while being sent forward by the reciprocating motion of the movable grate.

火格子１１は、上流側から順番に乾燥火格子１１ａ、燃焼火格子１１ｂ、後燃焼火格子１１ｃに分類される。乾燥火格子１１ａでは、主に廃棄物Ｗの乾燥と着火が行われる。燃焼火格子１１ｂでは、主に廃棄物Ｗの熱分解と熱分解により発生した可燃性ガスと固定炭素分（チャー）の燃焼が行われる。後燃焼火格子１１ｃでは、燃焼段で燃え残った固定炭素分（チャー）を燃焼させ、廃棄物Ｗを完全燃焼させる。後燃焼火格子１１ｃ上の灰分は、灰分排出部１０から排出される。 The grate 11 is classified into a dry grate 11a, a combustion grate 11b, and a post-combustion grate 11c in order from the upstream side. In the dry grate 11a, the waste W is mainly dried and ignited. In the combustion grate 11b, the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the waste W and the thermal decomposition and the fixed carbon content (char) are mainly burned. In the post-combustion grate 11c, the fixed carbon component (char) left unburned in the combustion stage is burned, and the waste W is completely burned. The ash content on the post-combustion grate 11c is discharged from the ash content discharge unit 10.

乾燥火格子１１ａ、燃焼火格子１１ｂ、及び後燃焼火格子１１ｃそれぞれの風箱１２ａ，１２ｂ，１２ｃには、送気管１３により一次燃焼用空気が送入される。送気管１３には、ダンパ１４を介して圧送ブロワ１５が接続される。一次燃焼用空気は、火格子１１を経由して炉本体２に供給される。一次燃焼用空気の量は、ダンパ１４によって調整される。 Air for primary combustion is sent into the air boxes 12a, 12b, and 12c of the dry grate 11a, the combustion grate 11b, and the post-combustion grate 11c, respectively, by the air supply pipe 13. A pressure feed blower 15 is connected to the air supply tube 13 via a damper 14. The primary combustion air is supplied to the furnace body 2 via the grate 11. The amount of primary combustion air is adjusted by the damper 14.

主燃焼室３の燃焼ガス下流側には、二次燃焼室４が設けられる。二次燃焼室４では、未燃ガスが二次燃焼させられる。二次燃焼後の排ガスは、排気部９から排出される。二次燃焼室４には、図示しない廃熱ボイラが設けられる。二次燃焼後の排ガスは、廃熱ボイラによって熱回収される。廃熱ボイラで回収された熱によって発生する蒸気は、発電機による発電のために用いられる。 A secondary combustion chamber 4 is provided on the downstream side of the combustion gas of the main combustion chamber 3. In the secondary combustion chamber 4, unburned gas is secondarily burned. The exhaust gas after the secondary combustion is discharged from the exhaust unit 9. A waste heat boiler (not shown) is provided in the secondary combustion chamber 4. The exhaust gas after the secondary combustion is recovered by the waste heat boiler. The steam generated by the heat recovered by the waste heat boiler is used for power generation by the generator.

受床２３上には、給塵装置６が設けられる。給塵装置６は、受床２３上に上下に配置される上給塵機７と下給塵機８を備える。下給塵機８は、受床２３上を進退可能に設けられる下プッシャ８ａと、下プッシャ８ａを進退させる油圧シリンダ８ｂと、を備える。上給塵機７は、下プッシャ８ａ上を進退可能に設けられる上プッシャ７ａと、上プッシャ７ａを進退させる油圧シリンダ７ｂと、を備える。 A dust supply device 6 is provided on the receiving floor 23. The dust supply device 6 includes an upper dust supply machine 7 and a lower dust supply machine 8 arranged vertically on the receiving floor 23. The lower dust dispenser 8 includes a lower pusher 8a provided so as to be able to move forward and backward on the receiving floor 23, and a hydraulic cylinder 8b for moving the lower pusher 8a forward and backward. The upper dust feeder 7 includes an upper pusher 7a provided so as to be able to advance and retreat on the lower pusher 8a, and a hydraulic cylinder 7b for advancing and retreating the upper pusher 7a.

上給塵機７及び下給塵機８それぞれの油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂには、図示しない油圧ポンプから切替え弁を介して油圧が供給される。制御装置２１によって切替え弁を制御することで、上給塵機７と下給塵機８が制御される。上給塵機７と下給塵機８は、制御装置２１によって独立して制御され、これらは、一体的に動作するのではなく、独立して動作する。 Flood control is supplied to the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 from a hydraulic pump (not shown) via a switching valve. By controlling the switching valve by the control device 21, the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are controlled. The upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are independently controlled by the control device 21, and they do not operate integrally, but operate independently.

上給塵機７と下給塵機８の前進端位置、移動速度、ストローク幅、後退端位置は、上給塵機７と下給塵機８それぞれで独立して設定される。この実施形態では、上プッシャ７ａと下プッシャ８ａの炉長方向寸法は実質的に同一である。図２に示すように、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の前進端位置、ストローク幅、後退端位置も実質的に同一である。上給塵機７と下給塵機８の稼働速度も実質的に同一である。上給塵機７と下給塵機８の移動方向は逆であり、上給塵機７の前進と下給塵機８の後退を同時に行う動作Ａと上給塵機７の後退と下給塵機８の前進を同時に行う動作Ｂとが交互に繰り返される。これにより、落差壁１６上の廃棄物Ｗが停滞しにくくなり、廃棄物Ｗの定量供給性が向上する。 The forward end position, moving speed, stroke width, and backward end position of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are set independently for each of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8. In this embodiment, the dimensions of the upper pusher 7a and the lower pusher 8a in the furnace length direction are substantially the same. As shown in FIG. 2, the forward end position, stroke width, and backward end position of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are substantially the same. The operating speeds of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are also substantially the same. The moving directions of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are opposite to each other, and the operation A in which the upper dust dispenser 7 advances and the lower dust dispenser 8 retracts at the same time, and the upper dust dispenser 7 retracts and lower feeds. The operation B of simultaneously advancing the dust machine 8 is repeated alternately. As a result, the waste W on the head wall 16 is less likely to stagnate, and the quantitative supply of the waste W is improved.

図１に示すように、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂには、圧力センサ１７，１８が取り付けられる。圧力センサ１７，１８は、油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂの油圧を検出し、油圧の情報を制御装置２１に送る。圧力センサ１７，１８によって油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂの油圧を検出することで、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の前方の廃棄物Ｗの固着具合を知ることができる。 As shown in FIG. 1, pressure sensors 17 and 18 are attached to the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8. The pressure sensors 17 and 18 detect the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b and send the information of the oil pressure to the control device 21. By detecting the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b by the pressure sensors 17 and 18, it is possible to know the degree of adhesion of the waste W in front of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8.

ホッパ５の壁には、水分センサ１９が設けられる。水分センサ１９は、ホッパ５内の廃棄物Ｗの水分を検出し、検出した廃棄物Ｗの水分の情報を制御装置２１に送る。水分センサ１９には、種々の方式を採用することができ、例えば透過型マイクロ波強度方式、接触型静電容量方式、透過型静電容量方式、赤外線強度方式を採用することができる。また、水分を多く含んだ廃棄物Ｗは、ホッパ５内で固着しやすい。そこで、水分センサ１９によってホッパ５内の廃棄物Ｗの水分を検出することで、ホッパ５内の廃棄物Ｗの固着具合を知ることができる。 A moisture sensor 19 is provided on the wall of the hopper 5. The moisture sensor 19 detects the moisture content of the waste W in the hopper 5 and sends the information on the moisture content of the detected waste W to the control device 21. Various methods can be adopted for the moisture sensor 19, for example, a transmission type microwave intensity method, a contact type capacitance method, a transmission type capacitance method, and an infrared intensity method can be adopted. In addition, the waste W containing a large amount of water tends to stick in the hopper 5. Therefore, by detecting the moisture content of the waste W in the hopper 5 with the moisture sensor 19, it is possible to know the degree of adhesion of the waste W in the hopper 5.

ホッパ５に投入された廃棄物Ｗの上方には、レベル計２０が設けられる。レベル計２０は、廃棄物Ｗの高さを検出し、検出した廃棄物Ｗの高さの情報を制御装置２１に送る。また、水分センサ１９の位置（水分測定位置）の廃棄物Ｗが給塵装置６に到達するまでにはタイムラグがある。そこで、制御装置２１は、廃棄物Ｗの高さに基づいて、廃棄物Ｗの降下速度を算出し、廃棄物Ｗが水分測定位置から給塵装置６に到達するまでのタイムラグを算出する。 A level meter 20 is provided above the waste W charged into the hopper 5. The level meter 20 detects the height of the waste W and sends the information on the height of the detected waste W to the control device 21. In addition, there is a time lag before the waste W at the position of the moisture sensor 19 (moisture measurement position) reaches the dust supply device 6. Therefore, the control device 21 calculates the descending speed of the waste W based on the height of the waste W, and calculates the time lag until the waste W reaches the dust supply device 6 from the moisture measurement position.

炉本体２の灰分排出部１０側の側壁には、熱画像撮像装置としての赤外線カメラ２２が設けられる。赤外線カメラ２２は、受床２３上に堆積する廃棄物Ｗの熱画像を撮像する。赤外線カメラ２２は、特定波長の赤外線を検出することにより、熱画像を取得する。 An infrared camera 22 as a thermal image imaging device is provided on the side wall of the furnace body 2 on the ash discharge portion 10 side. The infrared camera 22 captures a thermal image of the waste W deposited on the receiving floor 23. The infrared camera 22 acquires a thermal image by detecting infrared rays having a specific wavelength.

制御装置２１は、図１の制御装置２１の機能ブロック図に示すように、画像処理部３１と、性状判定部３２と、制御部３３と、を備える。 As shown in the functional block diagram of the control device 21 of FIG. 1, the control device 21 includes an image processing unit 31, a property determination unit 32, and a control unit 33.

画像処理部３１は、赤外線カメラ２２から一定時間毎に入力される熱画像に対して、平滑化処理等の画像処理を施す。 The image processing unit 31 performs image processing such as smoothing on the thermal image input from the infrared camera 22 at regular time intervals.

性状判定部３２は、画像処理部３１によって画像処理が施された熱画像に基づいて、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの性状を判定する。性状は、例えば受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの層厚、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの落差壁１６からの突出量、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの水分、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの種類（プラスチックが多い廃棄物Ｗ、紙ごみが多い廃棄物Ｗ）等である。受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの性状を取得することで、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの固着具合を知ることができる。性状判定部３２は、学習部３２ｂの機械学習によって構築される識別部３２ａを備えてもよい。 The property determination unit 32 determines the property of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 based on the thermal image processed by the image processing unit 31. The properties include, for example, the layer thickness of the waste W on the receiving floor 23, the amount of protrusion of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 from the head wall 16, the moisture content of the waste W on the receiving floor 23, and the disposal on the receiving floor 23. Types of material W (waste W with a lot of plastic, waste W with a lot of paper waste) and the like. By acquiring the properties of the waste W on the receiving floor 23, it is possible to know the degree of adhesion of the waste W on the receiving floor 23. The property determination unit 32 may include an identification unit 32a constructed by machine learning of the learning unit 32b.

図３は、廃棄物Ｗの性状を取得する処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。まず、赤外線カメラ２２により受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの熱画像が取得される。熱画像は、画像処理部３１を介して性状判定部３２に入力される（Ｓ１）。図４は、熱画像を模式的に示す。性状判定部３２は、受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの熱画像から特徴量（例えば熱画像の各画素の輝度値）を取得する（Ｓ２）。次いで、性状判定部３２は、特徴量に基づいて、廃棄物Ｗの性状、例えば受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの層厚、落差壁１６からの廃棄物Ｗの突出量、廃棄物Ｗの水分、廃棄物Ｗの種類等を判定する（Ｓ３）。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing for acquiring the properties of the waste W. First, the infrared camera 22 acquires a thermal image of the waste W on the receiving floor 23. The thermal image is input to the property determination unit 32 via the image processing unit 31 (S1). FIG. 4 schematically shows a thermal image. The property determination unit 32 acquires a feature amount (for example, the brightness value of each pixel of the thermal image) from the thermal image of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 (S2). Next, the property determination unit 32 determines the properties of the waste W, for example, the layer thickness of the waste W on the receiving floor 23, the amount of protrusion of the waste W from the head wall 16, and the moisture content of the waste W, based on the feature amount. , The type of waste W and the like are determined (S3).

図１に示すように、制御部３３は、水分センサ１９からの入力、圧力センサ１７，１８からの入力、及び性状判定部３２からの入力の少なくとも一つに基づいて、上給塵機７と下給塵機８を制御する。すなわち、制御部３３は、水分センサ１９からの入力、圧力センサ１７，１８からの入力、又は性状判定部３２からの入力のいずれか一つに基づいて、上給塵機７と下給塵機８を制御してもよいし、水分センサ１９からの入力、圧力センサ１７，１８からの入力、及び性状判定部３２からの入力の二つに基づいて、上給塵機７と下給塵機８を制御してもよいし、水分センサ１９からの入力、圧力センサ１７，１８からの入力、及び性状判定部３２からの入力の三つに基づいて、上給塵機７と下給塵機８を制御してもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 33 and the dust feeder 7 are based on at least one of the input from the moisture sensor 19, the input from the pressure sensors 17 and 18, and the input from the property determination unit 32. Controls the lower dust dispenser 8. That is, the control unit 33 has the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser based on any one of the input from the moisture sensor 19, the input from the pressure sensors 17 and 18, and the input from the property determination unit 32. 8 may be controlled, or the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser are based on two inputs, an input from the moisture sensor 19, an input from the pressure sensors 17 and 18, and an input from the property determination unit 32. 8 may be controlled, and the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser are based on the input from the moisture sensor 19, the input from the pressure sensors 17 and 18, and the input from the property determination unit 32. 8 may be controlled.

具体的には、制御部３３は、水分センサ１９が検出したホッパ５内の廃棄物Ｗの水分が変動するとき（例えばホッパ５内の水分が所定のしきい値よりも高いとき）、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の操作パラメータの指令値を変化させる。上記のように、廃棄物Ｗが水分測定位置から給塵装置６に到達するまでタイムラグが存在する。制御部３３は、このタイムラグを考慮して、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の指定値を変化させる。 Specifically, when the moisture content of the waste W in the hopper 5 detected by the moisture sensor 19 fluctuates (for example, when the moisture content in the hopper 5 is higher than a predetermined threshold value), the control unit 33 feeds the waste W. The command values of the operation parameters of the dust machine 7 and the lower dust supply machine 8 are changed. As described above, there is a time lag until the waste W reaches the dust supply device 6 from the moisture measurement position. The control unit 33 changes the designated values of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 in consideration of this time lag.

同様に、制御部３３は、圧力センサ１７，１８が検出した油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂの油圧が変動するとき（例えば油圧シリンダ７ｂ，８ｂの油圧が所定のしきい値よりも高いとき）、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の操作パラメータの指令値を変化させる。また、制御部３３は、赤外線カメラ２２が撮像した熱画像に基づいて取得した受床２３上の廃棄物Ｗの性状が変動するとき（例えば廃棄物Ｗの層厚が所定のしきい値よりも高いとき）、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の操作パラメータの指令値を変化させる。 Similarly, when the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b detected by the pressure sensors 17 and 18 fluctuates (for example, when the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinders 7b and 8b is higher than a predetermined threshold value), the control unit 33 supplies the feed. The command values of the operation parameters of the dust machine 7 and the lower dust supply machine 8 are changed. Further, when the properties of the waste W on the receiving floor 23 acquired by the control unit 33 based on the thermal image captured by the infrared camera 22 fluctuate (for example, the layer thickness of the waste W is greater than a predetermined threshold value). (When it is high), the command values of the operation parameters of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are changed.

実際には、制御装置２１には、他の入力に基づいて上給塵機７と下給塵機８の操作パラメータの指令値を調整する他の制御部も含まれる。また、制御部３３は、火格子１１上の廃棄物Ｗの層厚等の入力に基づいて、火格子１１の操作パラメータ（可動火格子の速度等）とダンパ１４の操作パラメータ（ダンパ１４の開度等）の指令値を調整する。 Actually, the control device 21 also includes another control unit that adjusts the command values of the operation parameters of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 based on other inputs. Further, the control unit 33 opens the operation parameters of the grate 11 (speed of the movable grate, etc.) and the operation parameters of the damper 14 (opening of the damper 14) based on the input of the layer thickness of the waste W on the grate 11. Adjust the command value of (degree, etc.).

制御装置２１の機能ブロックは、集積回路（ＩＣチップ等）に形成された論理回路（ハードウェア）によって実現されてもよいし、ソフトウェアによって実現されてもよい。後者の場合、制御装置２１は、各機能を実現するソフトウェアであるプログラムを実行するコンピュータを備える。 The functional block of the control device 21 may be realized by a logic circuit (hardware) formed in an integrated circuit (IC chip or the like), or may be realized by software. In the latter case, the control device 21 includes a computer that executes a program that is software that realizes each function.

制御部３３が上給塵機７と下給塵機８の指令値を変化させると、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の動作モードが図２に示す通常運転モードからほぐし運転モードに切り替わる。ほぐし運転モードでは、下給塵機８の前進端位置を上給塵機７の前進端位置よりも前に出し、下給塵機８の動きを細かくする。すなわち、下給塵機８のストローク幅を小さくし、かつ単位時間当たりの往復回数を多くする。上給塵機７は通常運転モードと同じ動きにする。これにより、固着した廃棄物Ｗをほぐすことができる。 When the control unit 33 changes the command values of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8, the operation mode of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 changes from the normal operation mode shown in FIG. 2 to the loosening operation mode. Switch. In the loosening operation mode, the forward end position of the lower dust dispenser 8 is set ahead of the forward end position of the upper dust dispenser 7, and the movement of the lower dust dispenser 8 is made finer. That is, the stroke width of the lower dust dispenser 8 is reduced, and the number of round trips per unit time is increased. The upper dust dispenser 7 operates in the same manner as in the normal operation mode. As a result, the stuck waste W can be loosened.

なお、上記とは逆に、ほぐし運転モードにおいて、上給塵機７の前進端位置を下給塵機８の前進端位置よりも後ろに下げ、上給塵機７のストローク幅を小さくし、かつ単位時間当たりの往復回数を多くしてもよい。また、上給塵機７の前進端位置と下給塵機８の前進端位置を一致させたまま、上給塵機７と下給塵機８の両方のストローク幅を小さくし、かつ単位時間当たりの往復回数を多くしてもよい。 Contrary to the above, in the loosening operation mode, the forward end position of the upper dust dispenser 7 is lowered behind the forward end position of the lower dust dispenser 8, and the stroke width of the upper dust dispenser 7 is reduced. Moreover, the number of round trips per unit time may be increased. Further, while keeping the forward end position of the upper dust dispenser 7 and the forward end position of the lower dust dispenser 8 to match, the stroke widths of both the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 are reduced, and the unit time. The number of round trips per hit may be increased.

以上に本実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉の構成を説明した。本発明の廃棄物焼却炉は上記の実施形態に具現化されるのに限られることはなく、本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で他の実施形態に具現化できる。 The configuration of the waste incinerator of the present embodiment has been described above. The waste incinerator of the present invention is not limited to being embodied in the above embodiment, and can be embodied in other embodiments without changing the gist of the present invention.

例えば、上記実施形態では、受床２３上に上下に２段の給塵機を配置した例を説明したが、受床２３上に上下に３段以上の給塵機を配置してもよい。また、上給塵機７と下給塵機８を受床２３の幅方向に２列以上配置してもよい。 For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the two-stage dust dispenser is arranged vertically on the receiving floor 23 has been described, but the dust dispenser having three or more stages vertically may be arranged on the receiving floor 23. Further, the upper dust dispenser 7 and the lower dust dispenser 8 may be arranged in two or more rows in the width direction of the floor receiving 23.

１…廃棄物焼却炉
５…ホッパ
６…給塵装置
７…上給塵機
７ａ…上プッシャ
７ｂ，８ｂ…油圧シリンダ
８…下給塵機
８ａ…下プッシャ
１１…火格子
１７，１８…圧力センサ
１９…水分センサ
２１…制御装置
２２…赤外線カメラ（熱画像撮像装置）
２３…受床
Ｗ…廃棄物 1 ... Waste incinerator 5 ... Hopper 6 ... Dust supply device 7 ... Upper dust dispenser 7a ... Upper pusher 7b, 8b ... Hydraulic cylinder 8 ... Lower dust dispenser 8a ... Lower pusher 11 ... Grate 17, 18 ... Pressure sensor 19 ... Moisture sensor 21 ... Control device 22 ... Infrared camera (thermal image imaging device)
23 ... Floor W ... Waste

Claims (4)

ホッパに投入された廃棄物を押し出して火格子上に供給する給塵装置と、前記給塵装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える火格子式焼却炉において、
前記給塵装置は、受床上に上下に配置され、上プッシャと下プッシャの炉長方向寸法が実質的に同一である上給塵機と下給塵機を有し、
前記制御装置は、水分センサが検出する前記ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、圧力センサが検出する前記上給塵機及び／又は前記下給塵機の油圧シリンダの油圧、並びに熱画像撮像装置が撮像した前記受床上の廃棄物の熱画像に基づいて取得した前記受床上の廃棄物の性状のうち、少なくとも一つに基づいて、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機を制御する廃棄物焼却炉。 In a grate-type incinerator including a dust supply device that pushes out the waste put into the hopper and supplies it onto the grate, and a control device that controls the dust supply device.
The dust supply device has an upper dust dispenser and a lower dust dispenser which are arranged vertically on the receiving floor and whose upper pusher and lower pusher have substantially the same dimensions in the furnace length direction.
The control device is captured by the moisture content of the waste in the hopper detected by the moisture sensor, the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the upper dust dispenser and / or the lower dust dispenser detected by the pressure sensor, and the thermal image imaging device. Waste incineration that controls the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser based on at least one of the properties of the waste on the floor obtained based on the thermal image of the waste on the floor. Furnace. 前記制御装置は、前記上給塵機の前進と前記下給塵機の後退を同時に行う動作Ａと前記上給塵機の後退と前記下給塵機の前進を同時に行う動作Ｂとを交互に行うように、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機を制御する請求項１に記載の廃棄物焼却炉。 The control device alternately performs an operation A in which the upper dust dispenser advances and the lower dust dispenser retracts at the same time and an operation B in which the upper dust dispenser retracts and the lower dust dispenser advances at the same time. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, which controls the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser so as to be performed. 前記制御装置は、前記ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、前記油圧シリンダの油圧、及び前記受床上の廃棄物の性状の少なくとも一つが変動するとき、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機の少なくとも一方のストローク幅を小さくし、かつ単位時間当たりの往復回数を多くすることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の廃棄物焼却炉。 The control device has at least one of the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser when at least one of the moisture content of the waste in the hopper, the oil pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, and the properties of the waste on the receiving floor fluctuates. The waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one stroke width is reduced and the number of round trips per unit time is increased. ホッパに投入された廃棄物を押し出して火格子上に供給する廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法において、
前記給塵装置は、受床上に上下に配置され、上プッシャと下プッシャの炉長方向寸法が実質的に同一である上給塵機と下給塵機を有し、
水分センサが検出する前記ホッパ内の廃棄物の水分、圧力センサが検出する前記上給塵機及び／又は前記下給塵機の油圧シリンダの油圧、並びに熱画像撮像装置が撮像した前記受床上の廃棄物の熱画像に基づいて取得した前記受床上の廃棄物の性状のうち、少なくとも一つに基づいて、前記上給塵機と前記下給塵機を制御する廃棄物焼却炉の給塵装置の制御方法。 In the control method of the dust supply device of the waste incinerator that pushes out the waste put into the hopper and supplies it on the grate.
The dust supply device has an upper dust dispenser and a lower dust dispenser which are arranged vertically on the receiving floor and whose upper pusher and lower pusher have substantially the same dimensions in the furnace length direction.
Moisture of waste in the hopper detected by the moisture sensor, hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the upper dust dispenser and / or the lower dust dispenser detected by the pressure sensor, and on the floor imaged by the thermal image imaging device. A dust supply device of a waste incinerator that controls the upper dust dispenser and the lower dust dispenser based on at least one of the properties of the waste on the floor obtained based on the thermal image of the waste. Control method.
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JPS5065063A (en) * 1973-10-10 1975-06-02
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JPS5454464A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-04-28 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Drying control in solid waste incinarator
JPH01170838U (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-12-04
JPH0439508A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-02-10 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Refuse feeding device for refuse incinerator
JPH0455611A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-02-24 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Method of controlling refuse feeding speed in incinerator and refuse incinerator
JPH08233241A (en) * 1994-12-28 1996-09-10 Kubota Corp Trash character-detecting method for trash incineration furnace
JP2019090425A (en) * 2015-10-23 2019-06-13 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 High-pressure fuel supply pump and its manufacturing method, and connecting method of two members

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JPS5065063A (en) * 1973-10-10 1975-06-02
JPS51135476U (en) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-01
JPS5454464A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-04-28 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Drying control in solid waste incinarator
JPH01170838U (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-12-04
JPH0439508A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-02-10 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Refuse feeding device for refuse incinerator
JPH0455611A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-02-24 Sanki Eng Co Ltd Method of controlling refuse feeding speed in incinerator and refuse incinerator
JPH08233241A (en) * 1994-12-28 1996-09-10 Kubota Corp Trash character-detecting method for trash incineration furnace
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