JP2017508610A - 触媒装置 - Google Patents
触媒装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017508610A JP2017508610A JP2016555598A JP2016555598A JP2017508610A JP 2017508610 A JP2017508610 A JP 2017508610A JP 2016555598 A JP2016555598 A JP 2016555598A JP 2016555598 A JP2016555598 A JP 2016555598A JP 2017508610 A JP2017508610 A JP 2017508610A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- tube
- catalytic
- steam reforming
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 349
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001193 catalytic steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000075898 Lantana strigocamara Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Claims (30)
- 縦型反応管内に配置された触媒装置であって、前記反応管の上部にある構造体触媒と、前記反応管の下部で前記構造体触媒の下にある粒状触媒と、前記構造体触媒と前記粒状触媒との間に位置付けられた触媒支持デバイスとを含み、前記触媒支持デバイスが、前記構造体触媒への接続に適合された第1の端部と、第2の端部とを有する円筒体を含み、前記円筒体が、前記管の内径の70〜90%の直径、および0.5〜2.5の範囲の長さ/直径を有する、触媒装置。
- 前記構造体触媒が、構造上で支持または構造内に含まれた触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記第1の端部が、前記構造体触媒の適切なオリフィスに適合するロッド、ピンまたはその他の位置付け突起を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記触媒支持デバイスが、前記円筒体の外面の周りに均等に間隔を空けて配置された2つ以上の周辺ラグまたはタブを有することにより、前記管内の中心で前記円筒体が離隔される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記ラグまたはタブが、ガスの流れを前記デバイスと前記管の内壁との間に方向付ける、請求項4に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記円筒の前記外面が、前記ガスの流れを前記デバイスと前記管の前記内壁との間で前記管の中心軸に対して垂直にまたは角度を付けて方向付ける、1つまたは複数の溝を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記円筒体が、前記触媒支持デバイスを通してチャネルに繋がる前記第1の端部に複数のオリフィスを含み、前記オリフィスは、円筒の外面上で、それの長さおよび/または第2の端部に沿った1つまたは複数の点で開放されている、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 円筒体が、前記粒状触媒のリザーバーを含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記円筒の前記第2の端部が熱分解性材料を含み、前記熱分解性材料は、前記反応管の始動の前または最中に加熱によって分解されることにより、前記粒状触媒が内部を通過し得る開口を前記第2の端部に設けるものである、請求項8に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記円筒体の前記第2の端部が、ポリプロピレンまたはカードから選択される薄い膜で閉鎖されている、請求項9に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記円筒の長さが、前記粒状触媒の粒径の少なくとも5〜10倍である、請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造体触媒が、前記管内を自由に下降することができるように構成される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 構造体触媒と粒状触媒との割合が、1:9から9:1、好ましくは1:3から2:1の範囲である、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記触媒装置が構造体水蒸気改質触媒および粒状水蒸気改質触媒を含み、前記縦型反応管が触媒的水蒸気改質器内に位置付けられている、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記水蒸気改質器が、天井焚き型水蒸気改質器または側焚き型水蒸気改質器であり、その内部では、前記管の上端にまたは長さに沿って配置された複数のバーナーを使用して燃料ガスを燃焼させることにより高温ガスが提供される、請求項14に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記水蒸気改質器が、ガス加熱型改質器(GHR)であり、その内部では、高温ガスが、燃焼プロセスからの煙道ガスによって提供され、または炭化水素の触媒的もしくは非触媒的部分酸化によって発生したガスであり、または炭化水素および/または改質済みガス混合物の自己熱改質によって発生したガスである、請求項14に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記管が、円形断面と、5から15mの長さと、5から30cmの範囲の内径とを有する、請求項14から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記粒状水蒸気改質触媒が、ニッケル、貴金属、またはこれらの混合物で含浸された耐火性支持材料から形成される、請求項14から17のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記粒状水蒸気改質触媒が、1つまたは複数のスルーホールを持ち直径が3〜50mmおよび長さ/直径の比が0.5〜2.0である円筒状ペレットを含む、請求項14から18のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造体水蒸気改質触媒が、構造上に支持された水蒸気改質触媒である、請求項14から19のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造体水蒸気改質触媒が、水蒸気改質触媒の層でウォッシュコートされた金属またはセラミック成形ユニットを含む、請求項20に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造体触媒が、1つまたは複数の円筒ユニットの形をとり、前記円筒ユニットは、前記円筒ユニットが内部に配置されることになる前記管に相補的な直径を持ち、前記構造体触媒は、プロセス流体が前記ユニット内を通過するときに軸方向および半径方向の両方に前記プロセス流体を流動させる穿孔および/または折込みおよび/またはタブを含む、請求項20または請求項21に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造体水蒸気改質触媒が、構造内に含まれる水蒸気改質触媒である、請求項14から19のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記水蒸気改質触媒が含まれる前記構造が、プロセス流体が規則正しく非ランダムな方向に内部を通過し得る通路を含んだ離散した触媒容器、カップ、または缶を含む、請求項23に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記構造に含まれる触媒が、触媒粒子、触媒金属もしくはセラミックフォーム、または触媒金属もしくはセラミックハニカム構造の形状をとる、請求項23または24に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記水蒸気改質触媒が、ニッケル、または貴金属、またはこれらの混合物を耐火性酸化物上に含む、請求項23から25のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 縦型反応管内で反応を実施するための方法であって、(i)供給ガス混合物を、反応器内に配置された前記反応管内に通す工程と、(ii)反応済みガス混合物を前記反応管から回収する工程とを含み、触媒装置が前記反応管内に配置され、前記装置が、前記反応管の上部にある構造体触媒と、前記反応管の下部で前記構造体触媒の下にある粒状触媒と、前記構造体触媒と前記粒状触媒との間に位置付けられた触媒支持デバイスとを含み、前記触媒支持デバイスが、前記構造体触媒への接続に適合された第1の端部と、第2の端部とを有する円筒体を含み、前記円筒体が、前記管の内径の70〜90%の直径、および0.5〜2.5の範囲の長さ/直径を有する方法。
- (i)炭化水素および水蒸気を含む供給ガス混合物を、水蒸気改質器内に配置された複数の外部加熱式縦型管内に通す工程と、(ii)改質済みガス混合物を前記管から回収する工程とを含み、触媒装置が前記管内に配置され、前記装置が、前記反応管の上部にある構造体水蒸気改質触媒と、前記反応管の下部で前記構造体触媒の下にある粒状水蒸気改質触媒と、前記構造体触媒と前記粒状触媒との間に位置付けられた触媒支持デバイスとを含み、前記触媒支持デバイスが、前記構造体触媒への接続に適合された第1の端部、および第2の端部を有する円筒体を含み、前記円筒体が、前記管の内径の70〜90%の直径と、0.5〜2.5の範囲の長さ/直径とを有する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 触媒被覆付き構造体充填物に供給される前記混合物の密度修正済み入口質量速度が、5から30kg/m2秒の範囲である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 水素、メタノール、ジメチルエーテル、オレフィン、アンモニア、尿素、または炭化水素液体を合成するための方法における、請求項1から27のいずれか一項に記載の装置または請求項28もしくは請求項29に記載の方法の使用。
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CN106068159A (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
JP6606091B2 (ja) | 2019-11-13 |
CA2939782A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
GB2525285B (en) | 2018-02-07 |
BR112016020254A2 (ja) | 2017-08-15 |
GB2525285A (en) | 2015-10-21 |
KR20160130789A (ko) | 2016-11-14 |
GB201403788D0 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
KR102303383B1 (ko) | 2021-09-23 |
RU2016138793A (ru) | 2018-04-05 |
RU2673839C2 (ru) | 2018-11-30 |
MX2016011242A (es) | 2016-11-30 |
CN106068159B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
WO2015132556A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
CA2939782C (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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