JP2016217791A - Evaluation method for striking number of hydraulic hammer and investigation method for front natural ground using the same, and investigation system for front natural ground - Google Patents

Evaluation method for striking number of hydraulic hammer and investigation method for front natural ground using the same, and investigation system for front natural ground Download PDF

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JP2016217791A
JP2016217791A JP2015100588A JP2015100588A JP2016217791A JP 2016217791 A JP2016217791 A JP 2016217791A JP 2015100588 A JP2015100588 A JP 2015100588A JP 2015100588 A JP2015100588 A JP 2015100588A JP 2016217791 A JP2016217791 A JP 2016217791A
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hydraulic hammer
water supply
ground
drilling
pressure
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JP6653072B2 (en
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吾郎 磐田
Goro Iwata
吾郎 磐田
秀雄 木梨
Hideo Kinashi
秀雄 木梨
伊藤　哲
Satoru Ito
哲 伊藤
有亮 木野村
Yusuke Kinomura
有亮 木野村
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Obayashi Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve reliability when investigating soil properties of a front natural ground using a hydraulic hammer.SOLUTION: In an investigation method for a front natural ground, the natural ground 25 is bored by a hydraulic hammer 22, water supply pressure to the hydraulic hammer is measured by a water pressure gage 28 of a high pressure pump 27 connected to the hydraulic hammer to obtain the water supply pressure P (101), time fluctuation of the water supply pressure is measured by the water pressure gage 28 (102), a striking number of the hydraulic hammer 22 is identified by a processing unit 31 on the basis of fluctuation characteristic in the measured time fluctuation of the water supply pressure to obtain the striking number N (103), an energy index value M is calculated based on the formula (1) using the water supply pressure P and the striking number N (104), and soil properties of the front natural ground is estimated based on the energy index value M (105).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、主として山岳トンネルの切羽前方に拡がる地山の地盤性状を探査する際に適用される水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法及びそれを用いた前方地山の探査方法並びに前方地山の探査システムに関する。   The present invention mainly relates to a method for evaluating the number of hits of a hydraulic hammer applied when exploring the ground properties of a natural ground spreading in front of a face of a mountain tunnel, a forward natural ground exploration method using the method, and a forward natural ground exploration system. About.

山岳トンネルを掘削するにあたり、切羽前方に拡がる地山の性状を適切かつ高い精度で把握することは、支保工及び補助工を含めた掘削工事全体を効率よくかつ安全に進めていく上で非常に重要である。   When excavating a mountain tunnel, grasping the nature of the natural ground spreading ahead of the face with appropriate and high accuracy is very important for efficiently and safely proceeding with the entire excavation work including supporting works and auxiliary works. is important.

トンネル切羽の前方探査を行う技術として、ドリルジャンボ（パーカッション型削孔機）やノンコア先進ボーリングマシン（ロータリー・パーカッション型削孔機）を利用したノンコア削孔による穿孔探査が知られているが、最近では、水圧ハンマーを用いた穿孔探査も試みられるようになってきた（特許文献１，２）。   Drilling exploration by non-core drilling using a drill jumbo (percussion drilling machine) or non-core advanced boring machine (rotary percussion drilling machine) is known as a technique for conducting forward exploration of tunnel faces. Then, drilling exploration using a hydraulic hammer has been attempted (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

水圧ハンマーは、削孔ロッドを介してボーリングマシンから伝達される給進力及び回転トルクを削孔面に作用させつつ、内蔵されたハンマーピストンを高圧水で往復動させることで該削孔面に打撃力を作用させることができる先端打撃式の削孔機であって、削孔ロッドの基端側で打撃力を与えるトップハンマー式の削孔機に比べ、削孔ロッド同士の継目でエネルギーロスが生じないため、削孔可能な深度が大きく、削孔速度も大きい。   The hydraulic hammer is applied to the drilling surface by reciprocating the built-in hammer piston with high-pressure water while applying the feed force and rotational torque transmitted from the boring machine via the drilling rod to the drilling surface. Compared to top hammer type drilling machines that are capable of applying a striking force and that provide a striking force at the base end of the drilling rod, energy loss at the joint between the drilling rods Therefore, the depth of drilling is large and the drilling speed is high.

そのため、水圧ハンマーによって従来よりも遠方の地山を前方探査できるようになることが期待されている。   For this reason, it is expected that a hydraulic hammer will be able to search forward a distant ground farther than before.

特開２０１２−１９３５９２号公報JP 2012-193592 A 特開２００７−２７７９４０号公報JP 2007-277940 A

一方、水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーは、送水圧と打撃数に比例すると考えることができるところ、水圧ハンマーは、先端打撃式のいわゆるダウンザホールハンマーであって、削孔深度が大きくなればなるほど打撃数の計測が困難になるので、水圧ハンマーによる前方探査を行うにあたっては、打撃数に代えて送水流量が用いられていた（特許文献２）。   On the other hand, the drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer can be considered to be proportional to the water supply pressure and the number of hits. The hydraulic hammer is a so-called down-the-hole hammer of the tip hitting type, and the number of hits increases as the drilling depth increases. Since measurement becomes difficult, the water flow rate is used instead of the number of hits when performing forward exploration with a hydraulic hammer (Patent Document 2).

しかしながら、水圧ハンマーは、ある程度の大きさの反力を削孔面から受けないと、打撃が開始されず、軟らかい地盤では、反力が得られずに打撃が行われない場合があるが、打撃が行われていないときにも、構造上、ビット先端から水が排出される。   However, if the hydraulic hammer does not receive a certain amount of reaction force from the drilling surface, the hammering will not start, and in soft ground, the reaction force may not be obtained and the hammering may not be performed. Even when this is not performed, water is discharged from the tip of the bit due to its structure.

そのため、送水流量から打撃数を推定するには限度があり、送水流量と打撃数が比例することを前提とした上述の評価方法では精度が不十分で、信頼性の高い前方探査を行うことが困難であるという問題を生じていた。   Therefore, there is a limit in estimating the number of hits from the water supply flow rate, and the above evaluation method based on the assumption that the water supply flow rate and the number of hits are proportional is not accurate enough to perform a highly reliable forward exploration. The problem was difficult.

本発明は、上述した事情を考慮してなされたもので、水圧ハンマーを用いて前方地山の地盤性状を探査する場合に信頼性を向上させることが可能な水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法及びそれを用いた前方地山の探査方法並びに前方地山の探査システムを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is a method for evaluating the number of hits of a hydraulic hammer that can improve the reliability when exploring the ground properties of a front ground using a hydraulic hammer and the same An object of the present invention is to provide a method for exploring a front ground and a system for exploring a front ground.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法は請求項１に記載したように、所定の削孔対象物を水圧ハンマーで削孔しつつ該水圧ハンマーへの送水圧の時間変動を計測し、該時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定するものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the method for evaluating the number of impacts of a hydraulic hammer according to the present invention is as described in claim 1, wherein the water pressure applied to the hydraulic hammer is measured while drilling a predetermined drilling object with the hydraulic hammer. Time fluctuation is measured, and the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer is specified from fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation.

また、本発明に係る前方地山の探査方法は請求項２に記載したように、ボーリングマシンに装着した削孔ロッドの先端に水圧ハンマーを取り付け、該水圧ハンマーで切羽等の露出面の前方に拡がる地山を削孔することにより、該前方地山の地盤性状を探査する前方地山の探査方法において、
前記水圧ハンマーへの送水圧を計測して送水圧Ｐとし、
前記送水圧Ｐの計測と同時に該送水圧の時間変動を計測し、
該送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数Ｎを特定し、
前記水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーの大きさをエネルギー指標値Ｍとして定義するとともに、該エネルギー指標値を前記送水圧Ｐ及び前記打撃数Ｎを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
から算出し、
前記エネルギー指標値Ｍを用いて前記前方地山の地盤性状を推定するものである。 Further, according to the method for exploring the front ground according to the present invention, as described in claim 2, a hydraulic hammer is attached to the tip of a drilling rod attached to a boring machine, and the hydraulic hammer is placed in front of an exposed surface such as a face. In the exploration method of the front ground where the ground property of the front ground is explored by drilling a spreading ground,
Measure the water supply pressure to the water pressure hammer to make the water supply pressure P,
Measure the time variation of the water pressure simultaneously with the measurement of the water pressure P,
From the fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, the number of hits N of the hydraulic hammer is specified,
The size of the drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer is defined as an energy index value M, and the energy index value is expressed by the following formula using the water supply pressure P and the number N
M = P · N / V (1)
V: Drilling speed
Calculated from
The ground property of the front ground is estimated using the energy index value M.

また、本発明に係る前方地山の探査システムは請求項３に記載したように、高圧ポンプに接続された水圧ハンマーで切羽等の露出面の前方に拡がる地山を削孔することにより、該前方地山の地盤性状を探査する前方地山の探査システムにおいて、
前記高圧ポンプに設けられた水圧計と、前記水圧計に電気接続され該水圧計で計測された前記水圧ハンマーへの送水圧をデータ処理する演算処理手段とを備えてなり、該演算処理手段は、前記送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数Ｎを特定するとともに、該打撃数Ｎと前記水圧計で計測された送水圧Ｐとを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
を演算することにより、前記水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーの大きさとして定義されるエネルギー指標値Ｍを算出できるようになっているものである。 Moreover, the exploration system for the front ground according to the present invention is, as described in claim 3, by drilling a natural ground extending forward of an exposed surface such as a face with a hydraulic hammer connected to a high pressure pump. In the exploration system of the front ground, which explores the ground properties of the front ground,
A water pressure gauge provided in the high-pressure pump; and an arithmetic processing means that is electrically connected to the water pressure gauge and performs data processing on the water supply pressure to the water pressure hammer measured by the water pressure gauge. In addition, the number N of the hydraulic hammer hits is specified from the fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, and the following formula is used by using the hit number N and the water supply pressure P measured by the water pressure gauge:
M = P · N / V (1)
V: By calculating the drilling speed, an energy index value M defined as the magnitude of drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer can be calculated.

水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーを評価するにあたり、該削孔エネルギーが送水圧と打撃数に比例すると考えることができるところ、計測困難な打撃数に代えて送水流量を用いた場合、精度低下を招く懸念があることは前述した通りである。   When evaluating the drilling energy with a hydraulic hammer, it can be considered that the drilling energy is proportional to the water supply pressure and the number of blows. As described above, there is.

本出願人は、水圧ハンマーの構造上、その切替弁が水圧によって作動することで打撃が行われるようになっていることに鑑み、送水圧には、打撃動作に応答する形で変動が生じるのではないかという点に着眼して研究開発を行ったところ、本願発明をなすに至ったものである。   In view of the fact that, on the structure of the hydraulic hammer, the switching valve is actuated by the hydraulic pressure, the applicant of the present application is struck, and the water supply pressure fluctuates in response to the impact action. As a result of research and development focusing on the possibility of this, the present invention has been made.

すなわち、本発明に係る水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法においては、まず、所定の削孔対象物を水圧ハンマーで削孔しつつ、該水圧ハンマーへの送水圧の時間変動を計測する。   That is, in the hydraulic hammer hitting number evaluation method according to the present invention, first, the time variation of the water supply pressure to the hydraulic hammer is measured while a predetermined drilling target is drilled with the hydraulic hammer.

送水圧の時間変動を計測するにあたっては、水圧ハンマーの切替弁が作動したとき、それによって波動が生じ、該波動が送水圧の時間変動として高圧水中を伝播するので、これを、例えば水圧ハンマーに接続された高圧ポンプの水圧計を用いて計測すればよい。   When measuring the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, when the switching valve of the hydraulic hammer is activated, a wave is generated thereby, and the wave propagates through the high-pressure water as the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure. What is necessary is just to measure using the water pressure gauge of the connected high-pressure pump.

次に、計測された時間変動における変動特性から水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定する。   Next, the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer is specified from the fluctuation characteristics in the measured time fluctuation.

変動特性は、例えば送水圧の振幅が一定時間中にピークとなる頻度を指標とすることが可能であり、かかるピーク頻度と水圧ハンマーの打撃数との対応関係を実験等によって予め調べておくことで、水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定することができるし、送水圧の時間変動を周波数領域に変換することで得られる卓越周波数を指標とすることも可能である。この場合も、ピーク頻度と同様、卓越周波数と水圧ハンマーの打撃数との対応関係から水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定すればよい。   For example, the fluctuation characteristic can use as an index the frequency at which the amplitude of the water supply pressure peaks during a certain period of time, and the correspondence between the peak frequency and the number of hits by the hydraulic hammer should be examined in advance by experiments or the like. Thus, the number of water hammer hits can be specified, and the dominant frequency obtained by converting the time variation of the water supply pressure into the frequency domain can be used as an index. In this case as well, as with the peak frequency, the number of hydraulic hammer strikes may be specified from the correspondence between the dominant frequency and the number of hydraulic hammer strikes.

以上述べた構成により、トンネルの掘削工事で前方探査を行う際、水圧ハンマーにおける送水圧の時間変動を計測するだけで、該水圧ハンマーの打撃数を適切に推定することが可能となり、かくして、打撃数に代えて送水流量を用いていた従来よりも、格段に高い信頼性をもって前方地山の探査を行うことが可能となる。   With the above-described configuration, when performing forward exploration in tunnel excavation work, it is possible to estimate the number of water hammer hits appropriately by simply measuring the time variation of the water supply pressure in the water hammer, thus It is possible to search the front ground with much higher reliability than in the past, where the water flow rate was used instead of the number.

削孔対象物は、トンネル掘削を行う地山が典型例となるが、水圧ハンマーの打撃数を評価する必要があるのであれば、どのような地山でもよいし、地山以外、例えば地山を模擬した供試体も包摂される。   The drilling object is typically a natural ground for tunnel excavation, but any natural ground may be used as long as it is necessary to evaluate the number of hits by a hydraulic hammer. Specimens that simulate the above are also included.

上述した水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法を用いて前方地山を探査するには、従来と同様、ボーリングマシンに装着した削孔ロッドの先端に水圧ハンマーを取り付け、該水圧ハンマーで切羽等の露出面の前方に拡がる地山を削孔するが、水圧ハンマーで地山を削孔するにあたっては、該水圧ハンマーへの送水圧Ｐを計測する一方、該送水圧の時間変動を上述した発明と同様に計測する。   In order to search the front ground using the method for evaluating the number of hammer hits as described above, a hydraulic hammer is attached to the tip of a drilling rod attached to a boring machine, and the exposed surface such as a cutting face is used with the hydraulic hammer. In the drilling of the ground with a hydraulic hammer, while measuring the water supply pressure P to the hydraulic hammer, the time variation of the water supply pressure is the same as in the invention described above. measure.

次に、計測された送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定し、打撃数Ｎとする。このステップについても、上述した発明と同様に行えばよい。   Next, the number of water hammer hits is identified from the fluctuation characteristics of the measured water supply pressure over time, and is set as the number of hits N. This step may be performed similarly to the above-described invention.

次に、水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーの大きさをエネルギー指標値Ｍとして定義するとともに、該エネルギー指標値を上述した送水圧Ｐ及び打撃数Ｎを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
から算出し、次いで、エネルギー指標値Ｍを用いて前方地山の地盤性状を推定する。 Next, while defining the magnitude | size of the drilling energy by a hydraulic hammer as the energy index value M, the following formula | equation is used for this energy index value using the above-mentioned water supply pressure P and the number N of hits,
M = P · N / V (1)
V: Drilling speed
Then, the ground property of the front ground is estimated using the energy index value M.

上述した前方地山の探査方法を実施可能な前方地山の探査システムは例えば、高圧ポンプに設けられた水圧計と、水圧計に電気接続され該水圧計で計測された水圧ハンマーへの送水圧をデータ処理する演算処理手段とを備えてなり、該演算処理手段は、送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から水圧ハンマーの打撃数Ｎを特定するとともに、該打撃数Ｎと水圧計で計測された送水圧Ｐとを用いて、上述の（１）式を演算することにより、エネルギー指標値Ｍを算出できるように構成することが可能である。   The forward natural ground exploration system capable of implementing the forward natural ground exploration method includes, for example, a water pressure gauge provided in a high pressure pump, and a water supply pressure to a hydraulic hammer that is electrically connected to the water pressure gauge and measured by the water pressure gauge. And processing means for processing the data, and the calculation processing means specifies the hammering number N of the hydraulic hammer from the fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, and is measured by the hammering number N and the water pressure gauge. The energy index value M can be calculated by calculating the above equation (1) using the water supply pressure P.

本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査方法の実施手順を示したフローチャート。The flowchart which showed the implementation procedure of the exploration method of the forward ground according to this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査システムを示した図であり、(a)は配置図、(b)はブロック図。It is the figure which showed the exploration system of the front ground according to this embodiment, (a) is a layout, (b) is a block diagram. ピーク頻度と水圧ハンマーの打撃数との対応関係を調べるためのシステムを示したブロック図。The block diagram which showed the system for investigating the correspondence of peak frequency and the number of hits of a hydraulic hammer. 加速度センサー３０で計測された振動値と送水圧の時間変動とをそれぞれ縦軸にとった場合の時刻歴計測結果を概念的に示したグラフ。The graph which showed notionally the time history measurement result at the time of taking the vibration value measured with the acceleration sensor 30, and the time fluctuation of water supply pressure on the vertical axis, respectively.

以下、本発明に係る水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法及びそれを用いた前方地山の探査方法並びに前方地山の探査システムの実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して説明する。   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a method for evaluating the number of hammer hits according to the present invention, a method for exploring a front ground using the hammer, and a system for exploring a front ground are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査方法の実施手順を示したフローチャート、図２(a)は、本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査システムの配置図、同図(b)は同じくブロック図である。   FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an implementation procedure of a method for exploring a front ground according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2A is a layout diagram of a system for exploring a front ground according to the present embodiment. Is a block diagram.

図２に示すように、本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査システム１は、高圧ポンプ２７に接続された水圧ハンマー２２を装着してなる削孔機２０を用いて構成してあり、高圧ポンプ２７に設けられた水圧計２８と、水圧計２８に電気接続され該水圧計で計測された水圧ハンマー２２への送水圧をデータ処理可能な演算処理手段としての演算処理装置３１とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 2, the exploration system 1 for the front ground according to the present embodiment is configured by using a drilling machine 20 to which a hydraulic hammer 22 connected to a high pressure pump 27 is attached. 27 is provided with a water pressure meter 28 and an arithmetic processing unit 31 as an arithmetic processing means which is electrically connected to the water pressure meter 28 and can process data of the water supply pressure to the water pressure hammer 22 measured by the water pressure meter.

削孔機２０は、ボーリングマシン２１に削孔ロッド２３を連結するとともに該削孔ロッドの先端に上述した水圧ハンマー２２を取り付けて構成してあり、該水圧ハンマーで露出面である切羽２６の前方に拡がる削孔対象物としての地山２５を削孔するようになっている。   The drilling machine 20 is configured by connecting a drilling rod 23 to a boring machine 21 and attaching the above-described hydraulic hammer 22 to the tip of the drilling rod, and in front of the face 26 that is an exposed surface by the hydraulic hammer. The natural ground 25 as a drilling target object extending in the range is drilled.

演算処理装置３１は、水圧ハンマー２２への送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数Ｎを特定するとともに、該打撃数Ｎと水圧計２８で計測された送水圧Ｐとを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
を演算することにより、水圧ハンマー２２による削孔エネルギーの大きさとして定義されるエネルギー指標値Ｍを算出できるようになっている。 The arithmetic processing unit 31 specifies the number of hits N of the hydraulic hammer 22 from the fluctuation characteristics of the water supply pressure to the hydraulic hammer 22 over time, and uses the number of hits N and the water supply pressure P measured by the water pressure gauge 28. And the following formula:
M = P · N / V (1)
V: By calculating the drilling speed, an energy index value M defined as the magnitude of drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer 22 can be calculated.

上述した前方地山の探査システム１を用いて本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査方法を実施するには、まず、地山２５を水圧ハンマー２２で削孔しつつ、該水圧ハンマーへの送水圧を、該水圧ハンマーに接続された高圧ポンプ２７の水圧計２８を用いて計測し、これを送水圧Ｐとする（図１，ステップ１０１）。   In order to carry out the forward natural ground exploration method according to the present embodiment using the forward natural ground exploration system 1 described above, first, the ground mountain 25 is drilled with the hydraulic hammer 22 and then sent to the hydraulic hammer. The water pressure is measured using the water pressure gauge 28 of the high-pressure pump 27 connected to the water pressure hammer, and this is set as the water supply pressure P (FIG. 1, step 101).

一方、水圧ハンマー２２が打撃動作を行う際にはその切替弁が作動し、そのときに高圧水中に生じた波動が送水圧の時間変動として高圧水中を伝播するので、該送水圧の時間変動を水圧計２８を用いて計測する（ステップ１０２）。   On the other hand, when the hydraulic hammer 22 performs a striking operation, the switching valve is activated, and the wave generated in the high-pressure water at that time propagates through the high-pressure water as the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure. Measurement is performed using the water pressure gauge 28 (step 102).

送水圧の時間変動を計測するにあたっては、例えば計測間隔を１／１００秒程度に設定すればよい。   In measuring the time variation of the water supply pressure, for example, the measurement interval may be set to about 1/100 second.

次に、計測された送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数を演算処理装置３１で特定し、これを打撃数Ｎとする（ステップ１０３）。   Next, the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 is specified by the arithmetic processing unit 31 from the fluctuation characteristics of the measured water supply pressure over time, and this is set as the number of hits N (step 103).

送水圧の時間変動における変動特性は、送水圧の振幅が一定時間中にピークとなる頻度を指標とすることが可能であり、かかるピーク頻度と水圧ハンマーの打撃数との対応関係を実験等によって予め調べた上、その結果を演算処理装置３１に反映させておけばよい。   The fluctuation characteristics of water pressure over time can be indexed by the frequency at which the amplitude of the water pressure peaks during a certain period of time, and the correspondence between the peak frequency and the number of water hammer hits can be determined through experiments, etc. After checking in advance, the result may be reflected in the arithmetic processing unit 31.

ピーク頻度と水圧ハンマーの打撃数との対応関係は、前方探査の対象となる地山で調べるのであれば、例えば図３に示したシステムを用いることができる。   For example, the system shown in FIG. 3 can be used if the correspondence relationship between the peak frequency and the number of hits by the hydraulic hammer is examined in a natural ground that is a target of forward exploration.

同図に示したシステムは、上述した水圧計２８及び演算処理装置３１に加えて、切羽２６に取り付けられた加速度センサー３０を備えて構成してあり、演算処理装置３１は、加速度センサー３０で計測された振動数を水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数として特定するとともに、水圧計２８で計測された送水圧の時間変動におけるピーク頻度をカウントするようになっている。   The system shown in the figure includes an acceleration sensor 30 attached to the face 26 in addition to the water pressure gauge 28 and the arithmetic processing device 31 described above. The arithmetic processing device 31 is measured by the acceleration sensor 30. The vibration frequency is specified as the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22, and the peak frequency in the time variation of the water supply pressure measured by the water pressure gauge 28 is counted.

加速度センサー３０は、水圧ハンマー２２の打撃で生じた弾性波が切羽２６で適切に検出されるよう、削孔ロッド２３が挿入される削孔口の回りに複数設置する、例えば両側にそれぞれ設置するのが望ましい。   A plurality of acceleration sensors 30 are installed around the drilling hole into which the drilling rod 23 is inserted so that elastic waves generated by the hammering of the hydraulic hammer 22 are properly detected by the face 26, for example, installed on both sides. Is desirable.

図４(a)，(b)は、加速度センサー３０で計測された振動値と送水圧の時間変動とをそれぞれ縦軸にとった場合の時刻歴計測結果を概念的に示したグラフであり、同図の例であれば、送水圧の時間変動におけるピークは、加速度センサー３０で計測された振動値の概ね２倍の頻度で出現すると考えることができるとともに、加速度センサー３０で計測された振動値はそのまま水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数とみなすことができるので、上記の例であれば、送水圧の時間変動におけるピーク頻度に１／２を乗じた値を水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数と推定することが可能である。   4 (a) and 4 (b) are graphs conceptually showing time history measurement results when the vertical axis represents the vibration value measured by the acceleration sensor 30 and the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, respectively. In the example shown in the figure, it can be considered that the peak in the temporal fluctuation of the water supply pressure appears with a frequency approximately twice that of the vibration value measured by the acceleration sensor 30, and the vibration value measured by the acceleration sensor 30. Can be regarded as the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 as it is, in the above example, the value obtained by multiplying the peak frequency in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure by 1/2 can be estimated as the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22. Is possible.

このような送水圧の時間変動におけるピーク頻度と水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数との対応関係は、トンネル２４の掘削工事に伴う前方探査の開始前に予め調査しておくとともに、その調査結果に基づいて水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数が算出されるように、上述の例であれば、カウントされたピーク頻度に１／２を乗じた値が水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数として算出されるように、演算処理装置３１を構成しておく。   The correspondence relationship between the peak frequency in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure and the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 is investigated in advance before the start of the forward exploration accompanying the excavation work of the tunnel 24, and based on the investigation result. In the above example, so that the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 is calculated, in the above example, the arithmetic processing unit is such that a value obtained by multiplying the counted peak frequency by 1/2 is calculated as the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22. 31 is configured.

ステップ１０３において、水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数Ｎが演算処理装置３１で特定されたならば、次に、水圧ハンマー２２による削孔エネルギーの大きさとして定義されるエネルギー指標値Ｍを、ステップ１０１で計測された送水圧Ｐとステップ１０３で特定された打撃数Ｎを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
から演算処理装置３１で算出し（ステップ１０４）、次いで、エネルギー指標値Ｍを用いて前方地山の地盤性状を推定する（ステップ１０５）。 In step 103, if the number N of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 is specified by the arithmetic processing unit 31, then an energy index value M defined as the magnitude of the drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer 22 is measured in step 101. Using the water supply pressure P and the hit number N identified in step 103,
M = P · N / V (1)
V: Drilling speed
Is calculated by the arithmetic processing unit 31 (step 104), and the ground property of the front ground is estimated using the energy index value M (step 105).

以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る前方地山の探査方法によれば、トンネル２４の掘削工事で前方探査を行う際、水圧ハンマー２２における送水圧の時間変動を計測するだけで、該水圧ハンマーの打撃数を適切に推定することが可能となり、かくして、打撃数に代えて送水流量を用いていた従来よりも、格段に高い信頼性をもって前方地山の探査を行うことが可能となる。   As described above, according to the forward ground exploration method according to the present embodiment, when the forward exploration is performed in the excavation work of the tunnel 24, only the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure in the hydraulic hammer 22 is measured. It is possible to appropriately estimate the number of hammer hits, and thus it is possible to search the front ground with much higher reliability than in the past in which the water flow rate is used instead of the number of hits.

本実施形態では、送水圧の時間変動におけるピーク頻度と水圧ハンマー２２の打撃数との対応関係を前方探査の対象となる地山で調べるようにしたが、前方探査に先行して行うのであれば、上述した対応関係をいつどのように調べるかは任意であり、掘削が行われる地山に代えて、他の地山で行ってもよいし、地山を模擬した供試体で行うことも可能である。なお、いずれの場合であっても、ピーク頻度と打撃数との対応関係については、ピーク頻度に対応する打撃数が演算処理装置３１で特定されるように、該演算処理装置に予め反映させておく。   In the present embodiment, the correspondence relationship between the peak frequency in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure and the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer 22 is examined in the natural ground that is the object of the forward exploration, but if it is performed prior to the forward exploration. When and how to check the above-mentioned correspondence relationship is arbitrary. Instead of the natural ground where excavation is performed, it may be performed in another natural ground, or it can be performed with a specimen simulating the natural ground. It is. In any case, the correspondence between the peak frequency and the number of hits is reflected in advance on the arithmetic processing unit so that the number of hits corresponding to the peak frequency is specified by the arithmetic processing unit 31. deep.

また、本実施形態では、ピーク頻度と打撃数との対応関係を加速度センサー３０を用いて調べるようにしたが、かかる対応関係を調べる手段は任意である。   In the present embodiment, the correspondence relationship between the peak frequency and the number of hits is examined using the acceleration sensor 30, but means for examining the correspondence relationship is arbitrary.

また、本実施形態及び変形例では、前方地山の探査システム１を用いて前方地山の探査方法を実施することを前提としたが、本発明に係る前方地山の探査方法は、必ずしも前方地山の探査システム１を用いて実施する必要はないし、それゆえ演算処理装置３１も必須構成とする必要はなく、例えば水圧ハンマー２２への送水圧の時間変動における変動特性をモニターにグラフィック表示してピーク頻度を把握し、これを、予め定められたピーク頻度と打撃数との対応関係に照合することで打撃数Ｎを特定した後、送水圧Ｐ及び打撃数Ｎを用いて（１）式からエネルギー指標値Ｍを適宜算出するようにしてもかまわない。   Further, in the present embodiment and the modification, it is assumed that the forward natural ground exploration method is performed using the forward natural ground exploration system 1, but the forward natural ground exploration method according to the present invention is not necessarily forward. It is not necessary to carry out using the natural mountain exploration system 1, and therefore the arithmetic processing unit 31 does not need to be an essential component. For example, the fluctuation characteristics of the water pressure to the hydraulic hammer 22 in the time variation are displayed graphically on the monitor. The peak frequency is grasped, and this is compared with the correspondence relationship between the predetermined peak frequency and the number of hits to identify the number of hits N, and then using the water pressure P and the number of hits N, the formula (1) From this, the energy index value M may be calculated as appropriate.

また、本実施形態では、送水圧の時間変動における変動特性としてピーク頻度を用いたが、変動特性として何を指標にするのかは任意であり、ピーク頻度に代えて、例えば、計測された送水圧の時間変動を時間領域から周波数領域に変換してこれを変動特性とし、該変動特性から卓越周波数を検出して水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定するようにしてもよい。   Further, in this embodiment, the peak frequency is used as the fluctuation characteristic in the temporal fluctuation of the water supply pressure, but what is used as an index as the fluctuation characteristic is arbitrary, and instead of the peak frequency, for example, the measured water supply pressure It is also possible to convert the time fluctuation from the time domain to the frequency domain to make it a fluctuation characteristic, and to detect the dominant frequency from the fluctuation characteristic to identify the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer.

また、本実施形態では、本発明に係る水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法を前方地山の探査方法に適用した場合について説明したが、水圧ハンマーの打撃数を評価する必要があるのであれば、前方地山の探査方法に適用が限定されるものではなく、前方探査以外の目的で任意の地山に適用するようにしてもよいし、地山を模擬した供試体に適用するようにしてもかまわない。   Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the hydraulic hammer hitting number evaluation method according to the present invention is applied to the forward ground exploration method has been described. However, if it is necessary to evaluate the hydraulic hammer hitting number, The application is not limited to the exploration method of natural ground, and it may be applied to any natural ground for purposes other than forward exploration, or may be applied to a specimen that simulates natural ground. Absent.

２１ ボーリングマシン
２２ 水圧ハンマー
２３ 削孔ロッド
２５ 地山（削孔対象物）
２６ 切羽（露出面）
２７ 高圧ポンプ
２８ 水圧計
３１ 演算処理装置（演算処理手段） 21 Boring machine 22 Hydraulic hammer 23 Drilling rod 25 Ground (object for drilling)
26 Face (exposed surface)
27 High-pressure pump 28 Water pressure gauge 31 Arithmetic processing device (arithmetic processing means)

Claims (3)

所定の削孔対象物を水圧ハンマーで削孔しつつ該水圧ハンマーへの送水圧の時間変動を計測し、該時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数を特定することを特徴とする水圧ハンマーの打撃数評価方法。 A water pressure characterized by measuring a time variation of the water supply pressure to the hydraulic hammer while drilling a predetermined object to be drilled with a hydraulic hammer, and specifying the number of hits of the hydraulic hammer from a variation characteristic in the time variation. How to evaluate the number of hammer hits. ボーリングマシンに装着した削孔ロッドの先端に水圧ハンマーを取り付け、該水圧ハンマーで切羽等の露出面の前方に拡がる地山を削孔することにより、該前方地山の地盤性状を探査する前方地山の探査方法において、
前記水圧ハンマーへの送水圧を計測して送水圧Ｐとし、
前記送水圧Ｐの計測と同時に該送水圧の時間変動を計測し、
該送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数Ｎを特定し、
前記水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーの大きさをエネルギー指標値Ｍとして定義するとともに、該エネルギー指標値を前記送水圧Ｐ及び前記打撃数Ｎを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
から算出し、
前記エネルギー指標値Ｍを用いて前記前方地山の地盤性状を推定することを特徴とする前方地山の探査方法。 A foreground for exploring the ground properties of the front ground by attaching a hydraulic hammer to the tip of the drilling rod attached to the boring machine and drilling a ground that spreads forward in front of the exposed surface such as a face with the hydraulic hammer. In the mountain exploration method,
Measure the water supply pressure to the water pressure hammer to make the water supply pressure P,
Measure the time variation of the water pressure simultaneously with the measurement of the water pressure P,
From the fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, the number of hits N of the hydraulic hammer is specified,
The magnitude of the drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer is defined as an energy index value M, and the energy index value is expressed by the following formula using the water supply pressure P and the number of hits N,
M = P · N / V (1)
V: calculated from the drilling speed,
A method for exploring a forward ground, wherein the ground property of the forward ground is estimated using the energy index value M. 高圧ポンプに接続された水圧ハンマーで切羽等の露出面の前方に拡がる地山を削孔することにより、該前方地山の地盤性状を探査する前方地山の探査システムにおいて、
前記高圧ポンプに設けられた水圧計と、前記水圧計に電気接続され該水圧計で計測された前記水圧ハンマーへの送水圧をデータ処理する演算処理手段とを備えてなり、該演算処理手段は、前記送水圧の時間変動における変動特性から前記水圧ハンマーの打撃数Ｎを特定するとともに、該打撃数Ｎと前記水圧計で計測された送水圧Ｐとを用いて、次式、
Ｍ＝Ｐ・Ｎ／Ｖ （１）
Ｖ；削孔速度
を演算することにより、前記水圧ハンマーによる削孔エネルギーの大きさとして定義されるエネルギー指標値Ｍを算出できるようになっていることを特徴とする前方地山の探査システム。 In the exploration system of the front ground where the ground property of the front ground is explored by drilling a ground that extends forward of the exposed surface such as a face with a hydraulic hammer connected to a high pressure pump,
A water pressure gauge provided in the high-pressure pump; and an arithmetic processing means that is electrically connected to the water pressure gauge and performs data processing on the water supply pressure to the water pressure hammer measured by the water pressure gauge. In addition, the number N of the hydraulic hammer hits is specified from the fluctuation characteristics in the time fluctuation of the water supply pressure, and the following formula is used by using the hit number N and the water supply pressure P measured by the water pressure gauge:
M = P · N / V (1)
V: An exploration system for a front ground where the energy index value M defined as the magnitude of the drilling energy by the hydraulic hammer can be calculated by calculating the drilling speed.
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JP2020147923A (en) * 2019-03-11 2020-09-17 株式会社大林組 Natural ground evaluation method, system and program
JP7263851B2 (en) 2019-03-11 2023-04-25 株式会社大林組 Rock ground evaluation method, rock ground assessment system and rock ground assessment program

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