JP2015038265A - Construction method for foundation - Google Patents

Construction method for foundation Download PDF

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JP2015038265A
JP2015038265A JP2011261777A JP2011261777A JP2015038265A JP 2015038265 A JP2015038265 A JP 2015038265A JP 2011261777 A JP2011261777 A JP 2011261777A JP 2011261777 A JP2011261777 A JP 2011261777A JP 2015038265 A JP2015038265 A JP 2015038265A
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formwork
mold
construction method
foundation
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謙二 田沼
Kenji Tanuma
謙二 田沼
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KOSHIN KENSETSU KK
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KOSHIN KENSETSU KK
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method for a foundation capable of bearing earth pressure from backfill soil, even when a width-stop member is not erected within a form.SOLUTION: In a construction method for a foundation, an excavated ditch is formed in a position of each side of a rectangular compartment by excavating the ground; a mold form is installed within the formed excavated ditch; and the periphery of the installed mold form is backfilled. After the mold form is installed, a tension member is erected between the mutually-opposed sides of the mold form.

Description

本発明は建造物の基礎工事における施工方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a construction method in the foundation work of a building.

基礎工事においては、地盤を掘削して根切り溝を形成し、この根切り溝内に型枠を設置し、この型枠の周囲を、掘削した掘削土で埋め戻すことによって、掘削残土を減らすことができる埋戻し工法が従来からよく知られており、施工現場において多く実施されている。   In foundation work, excavating the ground to form a root cut groove, installing a formwork in the root cut groove, and refilling the periphery of the formwork with the excavated excavated soil to reduce the remaining excavated soil The backfilling method that can be used is well known, and is often implemented at construction sites.

この種の埋戻し工法には、掘削残土を減らすことができるという利点はあるものの、根切り溝内に型枠を設置した後に型枠周囲を掘削土で埋め戻すため、型枠には、基礎を構築するまでの間、埋め戻し土からの土圧に耐えられる構造が求められる。   Although this type of backfilling method has the advantage of reducing the excavated soil, the foundation of the formwork is used to backfill the area around the formwork with the excavated soil after the formwork is installed in the root cut groove. A structure that can withstand the earth pressure from backfilling soil is required.

埋め戻し土からの土圧に耐えられるようにするための型枠として、特許文献1には根切り溝内に配置され一対の当て板が嵌合する嵌合部を備える当て板支持部材と、立設された当て板の上端間に架け渡される巾止め部材とによって、型枠の巾寸法を保持する型枠が開示さている。   As a formwork to withstand the earth pressure from the backfill soil, in Patent Document 1, a backing plate support member provided with a fitting portion that is disposed in a root cut groove and fits a pair of backing plates; There is disclosed a mold that holds the width of the mold by means of a width stop member that spans between the upper ends of the standing plate plates.

特許文献2には、捨てコンクリート上に固定した下部止め部材の凹溝に、波形の溝が上下方向にある波形型板の下端を嵌合し、この波形型板の上端に上部止め部材の凹溝を嵌合し、幅止め部材にて上部止め部材間を所定の間隔に保持させる型枠が開示されている。   In Patent Literature 2, the lower end of a corrugated template having a corrugated groove in the vertical direction is fitted into the concave groove of the lower stopper fixed on the discarded concrete, and the concave of the upper stopper is fitted on the upper end of the corrugated template. There has been disclosed a formwork in which a groove is fitted and a width stopper member holds an upper stopper member at a predetermined interval.

実用新案登録第3132632号公報Utility Model Registration No. 3132632 特許第4144974号公報Japanese Patent No. 4144974

しかしながら、特許文献1及び2に開示されている型枠は、いずれも、埋め戻し土からの土圧に耐える構造として、型枠内の上部又は中部に幅止め部材が架け渡されているため、型枠内の配筋を行う際にこの幅止め部材が邪魔になってしまう。即ち、このような幅止め部材は、型枠の内部で鉄筋を組み込んで配筋する場合にその組み込み作業の邪魔になることはもちろんのこと、工期短縮のために外部で鉄筋を組んでおき、その組まれた鉄筋を型枠内に移動して設置する場合にも障害となる。このような理由から、型枠内の上部又は中部に設置された幅止め部材は、配筋作業前に撤去することが通常は行われており、この撤去作業は多大な手間及び時間を要するため、基礎工事における大きな支障となっていた。   However, since the formwork disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is a structure that can withstand earth pressure from backfilling soil, a width stop member is bridged over the upper or middle part of the formwork, This width stop member becomes an obstacle when arranging the bars in the mold. That is, such a width stop member is not only obstructing the assembly work when the reinforcing bar is incorporated inside the formwork, and the reinforcing bar is assembled outside for shortening the construction period. It also becomes an obstacle when the assembled rebar is moved and installed in the formwork. For these reasons, the width stop members installed in the upper part or middle part of the mold are usually removed before the bar arrangement work, and this removal work requires a lot of time and effort. It was a big hindrance in the foundation work.

従って、本発明の目的は、型枠内に幅止め部材を架け渡さない場合でも、埋め戻し土からの土圧に耐えることができる基礎の施工方法を提供することにある。   Therefore, the objective of this invention is providing the construction method of the foundation which can endure the earth pressure from backfilling soil, even when not spanning a width stop member in a formwork.

本発明によれば、地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置し、設置した型枠の周囲を埋め戻す、基礎の施工方法が提供される。特に本発明によれば、型枠を設置した後、型枠の互いに対向する辺間に引張部材が架け渡される。   According to the present invention, digging the ground to form a root cut groove at the position of each side of the rectangular section, installing the formwork in the formed root cut groove, and refilling the periphery of the installed formwork, A foundation construction method is provided. In particular, according to the present invention, after installing the formwork, the tension member is bridged between the opposing sides of the formwork.

さらに、本発明によれば、施工区域の一区画の地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置し、次いで施工区域の他の区画の地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、他の区画における掘溝の際の堀削土を先の区画において設置した型枠の周囲に埋め戻し、他の区画において形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置する、基礎の施工方法が提供される。特に本発明によれば、型枠を設置した後、型枠の互いに対向する辺間に引張部材が架け渡される。   Furthermore, according to the present invention, the ground of one section of the construction area is dug to form a root cutting groove at each side of the rectangular section, and the formwork is installed in the formed root cutting groove, and then the construction is performed. Around the formwork where the ground of the other section of the area is dug to form a rooting groove at each side position of the rectangular section, and the excavated soil at the time of the dug groove in the other section is installed in the previous section A foundation construction method is provided in which a formwork is installed in a root cut groove formed in another section. In particular, according to the present invention, after installing the formwork, the tension member is bridged between the opposing sides of the formwork.

引張部材を架け渡した後、引張部材の長さ調整を行うことが好ましい。   After spanning the tension member, it is preferable to adjust the length of the tension member.

引張部材の架け渡しを、型枠の周囲の埋め戻しの前に行うことも好ましい。   It is also preferable to bridge the tension member before the backfill around the formwork.

引張部材の架け渡しを、型枠の周囲の埋め戻し中又は埋め戻しの後に行うことも好ましい。   It is also preferable that the tension member is bridged during or after backfilling around the formwork.

設置した型枠の内部下方に補強部材を設置することも好ましい。   It is also preferable to install a reinforcing member below the installed formwork.

設置した型枠の底部にコンクリートを打設し、打設したコンクリート上に配筋を行い、配筋した後の型枠内にコンクリートを打設することも好ましい。   It is also preferable to place concrete on the bottom of the installed formwork, place reinforcement on the placed concrete, and place the concrete in the formwork after placement.

本発明によれば、型枠の互いに対向する辺間に架け渡された引張部材によって型枠の耐力が補強されるため、たとえ型枠内に幅止め部材を架け渡さない場合であっても、埋め戻した地山からの土圧によって型枠が撓むことを防止できる。幅止め部材を型枠の上部又は中部に架け渡す必要がないため、型枠内に配筋する際、この幅止め部材に阻害されることがない。従って、配筋作業前にこの種の幅止め部材を撤去する作業が不要であるため、基礎工事の作業性が大幅に改善される。   According to the present invention, since the proof strength of the mold is reinforced by the tension members spanned between the opposite sides of the mold, even if the width stop member is not bridged in the mold, It is possible to prevent the formwork from being bent due to earth pressure from the backfilled natural ground. Since it is not necessary to bridge the width stop member on the upper part or the middle part of the mold, it is not obstructed by the width stop member when arranging the bars in the mold. Therefore, since the work of removing this type of width stop member before the bar arrangement work is unnecessary, the workability of the foundation work is greatly improved.

本発明の基礎の施工方法の一実施形態における各工程を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows each process in one Embodiment of the construction method of the foundation of this invention. 図1の実施形態における施工区画を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the construction division in embodiment of FIG. 図1の実施形態における根切り工程後の状態を示しており、(A)は根切り底に基礎地盤を形成した状態図、(B)は基礎地盤上にフーチング型枠を設置した状態図、(C)はフーチング型枠間に梁型枠を渡した状態図である。The state after the root cutting process in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown, (A) is a state diagram in which the foundation ground is formed on the root cutting bottom, (B) is a state diagram in which a footing formwork is installed on the foundation ground, (C) is the state figure which passed the beam formwork between the footing formwork. 図1の実施形態における型枠の内部の底部と外部の上部に補強部材を設置した状態における補強部材の設置方法を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the installation method of the reinforcement member in the state which installed the reinforcement member in the bottom part inside a formwork in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and the external upper part. 図1の実施形態における型枠設置工程後、近隣の区画の根切り工程で生じた掘削土を埋戻し工程で利用する状態を示しており、(A)は近隣の区画を根切りした状態図、(B)は近隣の区画の根切り工程によって生じた掘削土を埋戻し工程に利用する状態図である。FIG. 1 shows a state in which excavated soil generated in the root cutting process of the neighboring section is used in the backfilling process after the formwork installation process in the embodiment of FIG. , (B) is a state diagram in which excavated soil generated by the root cutting process of neighboring sections is used for the backfilling process. 図1の実施形態における引張工程後の状態を示しており、(A)は平面図、(B)は図6(A)の中央横断面図である。The state after the tension | pulling process in embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown, (A) is a top view, (B) is the center cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 (A). 図1の実施形態における打設工程後の状態を示しており、(A)は平面図、(B)は図7(A)の中央横断面図である。The state after the placement process in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown, (A) is a plan view, and (B) is a central cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 (A). 図1の実施形態における型枠の上部に補強部材が架け渡されている状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the state by which the reinforcement member was spanned on the upper part of the formwork in embodiment of FIG. 本発明の基礎の施工方法の他の実施形態における各工程を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows each process in other embodiment of the construction method of the foundation of this invention. 図1の実施形態の変更態様として、フーチング型枠内に支持杭が設置されている場合における補強部材の設置方法を示す斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a method for installing a reinforcing member when a support pile is installed in a footing mold as a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 1.

本発明の基礎の施工方法の一実施形態を図1〜図8を用いて説明する。なお、本実施形態は施工区域を複数の矩形区画に分けて施工する形態を示している。   One embodiment of the foundation construction method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, this embodiment has shown the form which divides | segments a construction area into a some rectangular division, and is constructed.

まず、図1に示すように、図2に示す施工区域の一区画である区画A(A区)の地盤面1を所定の深さまで掘削し、深さを掘り揃えて平坦な根切り底2aを四隅に形成し、根切り底2a間を渡る梁溝21によって矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成する(根切り工程S1)。さらに、図3(A)に示すように、この根切り底2aに砕石3を敷き詰め、転圧機を利用して締固め、基礎地盤を形成し、後述するフーチング型枠5a(図3(B)及び(C)参照)の設置深さの基準となる位置に平板4(図4参照)を設置する。ここで掘削された掘削土6aは、施工区域外に保留する。また、根切り工程S1中にフーチング型枠5aを地上で組み立てる地組工程を挟むと、次の型枠設置工程S2においては、組み立てられたフーチング型枠5aを設置し、梁型枠5b(図3(C)参照)と連結するだけで良いため、工期の短縮化を図ることができる。   First, as shown in FIG. 1, the ground surface 1 of the section A (A section), which is one section of the construction area shown in FIG. 2, is excavated to a predetermined depth, and the depth is flattened to obtain a flat root cutting bottom 2a. Are formed at the four corners, and a root groove is formed at the position of each side of the rectangular section by the beam groove 21 extending between the root bottoms 2a (root cutting step S1). Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), crushed stone 3 is spread on the root cutting bottom 2a and compacted by using a compactor to form a foundation ground, and a footing form 5a (FIG. 3 (B)) to be described later. And the flat plate 4 (refer FIG. 4) is installed in the position used as the reference | standard of the installation depth of (C). The excavated soil 6a excavated here is reserved outside the construction area. Further, when a grounding process for assembling the footing mold 5a on the ground is sandwiched during the root cutting process S1, the assembled footing mold 5a is installed in the next mold setting process S2, and the beam mold 5b (FIG. 3 (C)), the construction period can be shortened.

根切り底2aは、一般的には、地盤面1をバックホウにより根切りして形成される。地盤面1と根切り底2aとの勾配は、掘削地盤の安定性を考慮して安全勾配を60°から75°の範囲に設定している。なお、安全勾配については、地盤面1の地質状況及び根切り深さによって変わるものである。本実施形態においては、地盤面1は、岩盤又は硬質砂れき層等であり、根切り深さ1600mmで構成されている。   The root cutting bottom 2a is generally formed by cutting the ground surface 1 with a backhoe. The gradient between the ground surface 1 and the root cutting bottom 2a is set in the range of 60 ° to 75 ° in consideration of the stability of the excavated ground. In addition, about a safe gradient, it changes with the geological conditions of the ground surface 1, and a root cutting depth. In the present embodiment, the ground surface 1 is a rock or a hard gravel layer, and is configured with a root cutting depth of 1600 mm.

図4に示す平板4は、矩形のコンクリート平板であり、次の型枠設置工程S2において、フーチング型枠5aを安定して設置するために予め平坦に転圧された砕石3上に設置される。そのため、平板4を、フーチング型枠5aが安定して設置する機能を有する他の部材、例えば金属平板等、で代用しても良い。   The flat plate 4 shown in FIG. 4 is a rectangular concrete flat plate, and is installed on the crushed stone 3 that has been compacted in advance in order to stably install the footing mold 5a in the next mold installation step S2. . Therefore, the flat plate 4 may be replaced with another member having a function of stably installing the footing form 5a, such as a metal flat plate.

次いで、区画Aに対して例えば、地組工程で組まれたフーチング型枠5aをクレーン等で吊り上げ、図3(B)に示すようにコンクリート平板4の上に据え付ける。さらに、フーチング型枠5aの高さが所定通りの高さであるかどうかを確認し、図3(C)に示すようにフーチング型枠5a間を梁型枠5bによって連結し、四隅に設置されたフーチング型枠5aとこれらを結ぶ梁型枠5bとにより、矩形に組まれた型枠5を形成する(型枠設置工程S2)。事前に地組工程を踏まえていない場合には根切り底2a内で型枠5を組み立てることになる。   Next, for example, the footing form 5a assembled in the ground assembly process is lifted with respect to the section A by a crane or the like and installed on the concrete flat plate 4 as shown in FIG. Further, it is confirmed whether or not the height of the footing form 5a is a predetermined height. As shown in FIG. 3C, the footing form 5a is connected by the beam form 5b and installed at the four corners. The formwork 5 assembled into a rectangle is formed by the footing formwork 5a and the beam formwork 5b connecting them (formwork installation step S2). When the grounding process is not taken into consideration in advance, the mold 5 is assembled in the root cutting bottom 2a.

この型枠設置工程S2において、さらに、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bを補強する補強部材8を設ける。この補強部材8は、後に実施される配筋工程S6の作業を阻害しない位置に設置する。即ち、図4に示すように、梁型枠5bの内部の底部にU字状の幅止め部材8aを設け、フーチング型枠5aの内部隅部の底部に火打ち部材8bを設け、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5b間の外部隅部の上部に火打ち部材8cを設けてこれら型枠5を補強する。このような位置に幅止め部材8a、火打ち部材8b及び火打ち部材8cによる補強部材8を設置すれば、これら補強部材8は撤去不要となる。これら補強部材8は、構造計算書に基づいて定められた位置と間隔で設置される。ただし、これら補強部材8は、後述する埋戻し工程S3において埋め戻される掘削土6の土圧によって、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bが撓まなければ、どのような形態のものであっても良い。また、場合によっては、これら補強部材8を設けないこともあり得る。   In this formwork installation step S2, a reinforcing member 8 for reinforcing the footing formwork 5a and the beam formwork 5b is further provided. The reinforcing member 8 is installed at a position that does not hinder the work of the bar arrangement step S6 to be performed later. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a U-shaped width stop member 8a is provided at the bottom inside the beam form 5b, a fire-fitting member 8b is provided at the bottom of the internal corner of the footing form 5a, and the footing form 5a. Further, a firing member 8c is provided at the upper part of the outer corner between the beam molds 5b to reinforce these molds 5. If the reinforcing member 8 by the width stop member 8a, the firing member 8b, and the firing member 8c is installed at such a position, the reinforcing member 8 becomes unnecessary to be removed. These reinforcing members 8 are installed at positions and intervals determined based on the structural calculation sheet. However, these reinforcing members 8 are of any form as long as the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b are not bent by the earth pressure of the excavated soil 6 backfilled in the backfilling step S3 described later. Also good. In some cases, these reinforcing members 8 may not be provided.

次いで、図5(A)に示すように、区画Aの近傍の区画B(B区)の地盤面1を区画Aと同様に所定の深さまで掘削し、深さを掘り揃えて平坦な4つの根切り底2bを形成し、根切り底2b間を渡る梁溝21によって矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成すると共に、この区画Bの根切り底2bと区画Aの根切り底2aとの間を連結する梁溝21も形成する(根切り工程S11)。さらに、根切り底2bに砕石3を敷き詰め、転圧機を利用して締固め、基礎地盤を形成し、フーチング型枠5aの設置深さの基準となる位置に平板4を設置する。ここで掘削された掘削土6bは、後述する区画Aの埋戻し工程S3において使用されるため、区画Aの近傍に堆積しておくことが好ましい。また、型枠設置工程S2と同様に根切り工程S11中にフーチング型枠5aを地上で組み立てる地組工程を挟むと、この区画Bにおける次の型枠設置工程S12においては、組み立てられたフーチング型枠5aを設置し、梁型枠5bと連結するだけで良いため、工期の短縮化を図ることができる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), the ground surface 1 of the section B (B section) in the vicinity of the section A is excavated to a predetermined depth in the same manner as the section A. A root cutting bottom 2b is formed, and a root groove is formed at each side position of the rectangular section by a beam groove 21 extending between the root cutting bottoms 2b, and a root cutting bottom 2b of the section B and a root cutting bottom of the section A are formed. A beam groove 21 is also formed to connect 2a (root cutting step S11). Further, the crushed stone 3 is laid on the root cutting bottom 2b, compacted by using a rolling machine, a foundation ground is formed, and the flat plate 4 is installed at a position serving as a reference for the installation depth of the footing form 5a. Since the excavated soil 6b excavated here is used in the backfilling step S3 of the section A described later, it is preferable that the excavated soil 6b is accumulated in the vicinity of the section A. Further, when a grounding process for assembling the footing mold 5a on the ground is sandwiched during the root cutting process S11 as in the mold setting process S2, the assembled footing mold is used in the next mold setting process S12 in the section B. Since it is only necessary to install the frame 5a and connect it to the beam form frame 5b, the construction period can be shortened.

次いで、図5(B)に示すように、区画Aに設置されたフーチング型枠5aと梁型枠5bの周囲を区画Bの掘削時に生じた掘削土6bを利用して埋め戻し、埋戻し面7aを形成する(埋戻し工程S3)。   Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the surroundings of the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b installed in the section A are backfilled using the excavated soil 6b generated when the section B is excavated, and the backfill surface 7a is formed (backfilling step S3).

次いで、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bで矩形に組まれた型枠5により囲まれた区画Aにおいて、梁型枠5b間に引張部材9を設置する。即ち、図6(A)及び(B)に示すように、埋戻し面7a上において、互いにほぼ平行に伸長して対向する梁型枠5b間に引張部材9を架け渡して引っ張る(引張工程S4)。これにより、埋戻し工程S3によって埋め戻された掘削土6bによってフーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bが撓まぬように補強する。ここで、引張部材9は鉄棒であり、隣接する梁型枠5b間に架け渡され、その途中に、引張り強さを調整できるようにターンバックル9aが設けられている。本実施形態においては、互いに対向する梁型枠5b間に、複数の引張部材9を縦横に架け渡らせている。この引張部材9の配置方法は、構造計算書に基づいて定まるものであるため、梁型枠5bが撓まぬように配置することができれば他の配置方法であっても良い。例えば、引張部材9を埋戻し面7a上ではなく、埋戻し面7aより下方に設置しても良い。即ち、埋戻し工程S3の前若しくは途中で引張工程S4を行って引張部材9を埋設して設置する埋設設置形態、又は埋戻し工程S3の途中で引張部材9を設けて補強すると共に、埋戻し工程S3の後に引張部材9で補強する複数層設置形態などであっても良い。   Next, the tension member 9 is installed between the beam molds 5b in the section A surrounded by the molds 5 assembled in a rectangular shape by the footing mold 5a and the beam mold 5b. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, on the backfill surface 7a, the tension member 9 is stretched between the beam form frames 5b that are substantially parallel to each other and are opposed to each other (pulling step S4). ). Thereby, the footing mold 5a and the beam mold 5b are reinforced by the excavated soil 6b backfilled in the backfilling step S3. Here, the tension member 9 is an iron bar, spanned between adjacent beam molds 5b, and a turnbuckle 9a is provided in the middle so that the tensile strength can be adjusted. In the present embodiment, a plurality of tension members 9 are stretched vertically and horizontally between the beam form frames 5b facing each other. Since the arrangement method of the tension member 9 is determined based on the structural calculation document, other arrangement methods may be used as long as the beam formwork 5b can be arranged so as not to bend. For example, the tension member 9 may be installed below the backfill surface 7a instead of on the backfill surface 7a. That is, before or during the backfilling step S3, the tensioning step S4 is performed to embed and install the tensioning member 9, or the tensioning member 9 is provided and reinforced during the backfilling step S3. It may be a multi-layer installation form in which the tension member 9 reinforces after the step S3.

なお、上述した引張工程S4では、型枠5によって囲まれる内側領域において、埋戻された掘削土6bによって生じる土圧に対する補強を行っているが、型枠5の外側領域において、埋戻された掘削土6bによって生じる土圧に対する補強は、安定した地盤に杭を刺し、杭と型枠5の外縁とを引張部材で連結して引っ張りあう、又は近隣の構造物と型枠5の外縁とを引張部材で連結して引っ張りあうことで行われる。   In the above-described tensioning step S4, the inner region surrounded by the mold 5 is reinforced against the earth pressure generated by the backfilled excavated soil 6b, but the outer region of the mold 5 is backfilled. To reinforce the earth pressure generated by the excavated soil 6b, the pile is inserted into a stable ground, and the pile and the outer edge of the formwork 5 are connected by a tensile member, or the adjacent structure and the outer edge of the formwork 5 are connected. It is performed by connecting and pulling with a tension member.

次いで、図7(A)及び(B)に示すように、埋戻し面7a及び引張部材9上に砕石を敷設して転圧し、さらに捨てコンクリート10を打設する(打設工程S5)。コンクリート10の硬化後は、初期強度が出るまで養生して埋戻し面7bを形成する。この捨てコンクリート10によって形成された埋戻し面7bは、地盤面1と同じ高さに形成されている。なお、捨てコンクリート10とは、構造計算上のコンクリートには含まれないコンクリートのことである。   Next, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, crushed stone is laid and rolled on the backfill surface 7a and the tension member 9, and the discarded concrete 10 is placed (placement step S5). After the concrete 10 is hardened, it is cured until the initial strength is obtained to form the backfill surface 7b. The backfill surface 7 b formed by the discarded concrete 10 is formed at the same height as the ground surface 1. The discarded concrete 10 is concrete that is not included in the concrete for structural calculation.

一方、区画Bについては、根切り工程S11後は区画Aと同時に並行して作業を行うことが可能である。区画Bの並びに区画A及び区画B間の区画の根切り工程S11後に行われる区画Bの型枠設置工程S12、区画C(C区)の根切り工程S21、区画Bの埋戻し工程S13、区画Bの引張工程S14及び区画Bの打設工程S15は区画Aの場合と同様である。   On the other hand, for the section B, it is possible to work in parallel with the section A after the root cutting step S11. Forming step S12 of section B performed after section rooting step S11 of section B and section A and section B, sectioning step S21 of section C (section C), backfilling step S13 of section B, section The tension step S14 for B and the placement step S15 for section B are the same as those for section A.

区画Cについても、区画Bの場合と同様に行われる。即ち、根切り工程S21後は区画Bと同時に並行して作業を行うことが可能である。区画Cの並びに区画B及び区画C間の区画の根切り工程S21後に行われる区画Cの型枠設置工程S22、区画D(D区)の根切り工程S31、区画Cの埋戻し工程S23、区画Cの引張工程S24及び区画Cの打設工程S25は区画Bの場合と同様である。   The section C is performed in the same manner as the section B. That is, after the root cutting step S21, it is possible to work in parallel with the section B. Forming step S22 for section C, sectioning step S31 for section D (section D), section backfilling step S23 for section C, section after section root cutting process S21 for section C and section B and section C The tension step S24 for C and the placement step S25 for section C are the same as those for section B.

区画A及び区画Cの近傍の区画Dについては、区画B及び区画Cの場合と同様に、根切り工程S31後は区画Cと同時に並行して作業を行うことが可能である。区画Dの、区画D及び区画C間の区画の、並びに区画D及び区画A間の区画の根切り工程S31後に行われる区画Dの型枠設置工程S32、区画Dの埋戻し工程S33、区画Dの引張工程S34及び区画Dの打設工程S35は区画B及び区画Cの場合と同様である。ただし、埋戻し工程S33で利用する掘削土については、埋戻し工程S3、S13及びS23で利用しきれなかった掘削土を利用して埋め戻す点でのみ区画A、区画B及び区画Cと異なる。なお、埋戻し土が不足する場合、又は施工区域外に保留した掘削土6aが利用しやすい位置関係にある場合には、この掘削土6aを利用しても良い。   As for the section D in the vicinity of the section A and the section C, it is possible to work in parallel with the section C after the root cutting step S31 as in the case of the section B and the section C. Forming step S32 for section D, section backfilling step S33 for section D, section D for section D, section between section D and section C, and section between section D and section A are performed. The tensioning step S34 and the placement step S35 for the section D are the same as those for the section B and the section C. However, the excavated soil used in the backfilling step S33 differs from the sections A, B, and C only in that the excavated soil that could not be used in the backfilling steps S3, S13, and S23 is used for backfilling. In addition, when the backfill soil is insufficient, or when the excavated soil 6a reserved outside the construction area is in an easy-to-use positional relationship, the excavated soil 6a may be used.

本実施形態では、本発明の基礎の施工方法を4つの区画からなる施工区域で説明しているが、形成される構造物の形状によっては、より多くの区画によって形成されことがある。また、4つの区画の施工順序は、上述した順序に限定されるものではない。さらに、ある高さまで埋め戻す掘削土については、地盤面1を掘削した際に生じた掘削土、又は次の区画で生じる掘削土が掘削残土を減少させるために利用される。その際、埋戻しによる型枠5に対する土圧を減少させるために、掘削土に代えて軽量な埋め戻し材料を使用しても良い。   In this embodiment, although the construction method of the foundation of this invention is demonstrated in the construction area which consists of four divisions, depending on the shape of the structure formed, it may be formed by more divisions. Further, the construction order of the four sections is not limited to the order described above. Further, as for the excavated soil backfilled to a certain height, the excavated soil generated when excavating the ground surface 1 or the excavated soil generated in the next section is used to reduce the excavated residual soil. At that time, a light backfill material may be used in place of the excavated soil in order to reduce the earth pressure on the mold 5 due to backfill.

配筋工程S6は、区画A、区画B、区画C及び区画Dにおける打設工程S5、S15、S25及びS35を終えた後に行われる。具体的な工程としては、既に組まれている鉄筋11を、クレーン等で吊り上げ、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5b内に吊り下げて据え付ける。その際、鉄筋11は所定のコンクリート12のかぶり厚さが得られる位置に据え付ける。その後、コンクリート12を打設することによって構造物の基礎を構築する(打設工程S7)。   The bar arrangement step S6 is performed after finishing the placing steps S5, S15, S25, and S35 in the sections A, B, C, and D. As a specific process, the rebar 11 already assembled is lifted with a crane or the like, and is suspended and installed in the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b. At that time, the reinforcing bar 11 is installed at a position where a predetermined cover thickness of the concrete 12 can be obtained. Then, the foundation of the structure is constructed by placing concrete 12 (placement step S7).

本実施形態によれば、一区画毎に根切り工程と型枠設置工程が行われる一方、隣接又は近接する他の区画で生じた掘削土を先の区画の埋戻し工程で利用するため、一度に大量の掘削土が発生することはない。   According to this embodiment, the root cutting process and the formwork setting process are performed for each section, while the excavated soil generated in other adjacent or adjacent sections is used in the backfilling process of the previous section. A large amount of excavated soil is not generated.

また、本実施形態においては、幅止め部材8a及び火打ち部材8b等の補強部材8は、配筋工程S6において鉄筋11の吊り下げを阻害する位置には設けられていない。このため、予め組まれた鉄筋11を型枠5内に吊り下げる際に、その吊り下げが阻害されることなく、スムーズに鉄筋11を据え付けることができる。その結果、型枠5内で鉄筋を組む時間が短縮されるので、全体の工期を短縮することができる。しかも、本実施形態によれば、埋戻し工程S5の前に、型枠5の内部の底部と外部の上部とに設置された補強部材8によって、型枠5が補強されているので、掘削土の埋戻しにより型枠5が撓むことがない。   Further, in the present embodiment, the reinforcing members 8 such as the width stop member 8a and the firing member 8b are not provided at positions where the suspension of the reinforcing bars 11 is hindered in the bar arrangement step S6. For this reason, when the rebar 11 assembled beforehand is suspended in the formwork 5, the rebar 11 can be installed smoothly without being hindered. As a result, since the time for assembling the reinforcing bars in the mold 5 is shortened, the entire construction period can be shortened. Moreover, according to the present embodiment, before the backfilling step S5, the mold 5 is reinforced by the reinforcing members 8 installed at the bottom inside and outside the mold 5, so that the excavated soil The mold 5 is not bent by the backfilling.

なお、型枠設置工程S2、S12、S22及びS32の各々において、図8に示すように、型枠5の内部の上部にも補強部材を設置した場合、即ち、梁型枠5bの上部に幅止め部材8eを設けたり、フーチング型枠5aの内部隅部の上部に火打ち部材8fを設けた場合等には、配筋工程S6の前に、これら幅止め部材8e及び火打ち部材8fを撤去する。ただし、その場合、鉄筋11の吊り下げを阻害する位置に設置されている補強部材のみを撤去し、阻害しない位置に設置されている補強部材は撤去してもしなくても良い。なお、補強部材の一部が撤去された場合においても、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bの下部が受ける土圧は底部に設けられている火打ち部材8b及び幅止め部材8aによって支えられ、また、梁型枠5bの上部が受ける土圧は引張部材9によって支えられているため、これらフーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bが土圧によって撓むおそれがない。   In each of the mold installation steps S2, S12, S22, and S32, as shown in FIG. 8, when a reinforcing member is also installed in the upper part inside the mold 5, that is, the width is formed in the upper part of the beam mold 5b. When the stop member 8e is provided, or when the fire-fitting member 8f is provided at the upper part of the inner corner of the footing mold 5a, the width stopper member 8e and the fire-fitting member 8f are removed before the bar arrangement step S6. However, in that case, it is not necessary to remove only the reinforcement member installed in the position which inhibits suspension of the reinforcing bar 11, and to remove the reinforcement member installed in the position which does not inhibit. Even when a part of the reinforcing member is removed, the earth pressure received by the lower portions of the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b is supported by the fire-fitting member 8b and the width stop member 8a provided at the bottom, and Since the earth pressure received by the upper part of the beam form 5b is supported by the tension member 9, the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b are not likely to be bent by the earth pressure.

本発明の型枠の施工方法の他の実施形態を図9のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。   Another embodiment of the method for constructing a form of the present invention will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.

本実施形態は、図1の実施形態における埋戻し工程S3、S13、S23及びS33と引張工程S4、S14、S24及びS34との実施順序をそれぞれ互いに入れ替えたものであり、各工程は、図1における各工程と同一手順を実施するものである。即ち、本実施形態においては、根切り工程、地組工程及び型枠設置工程が順次実施された後に、引張工程が実施され、その後に埋戻し工程が実施される。   In the present embodiment, the execution order of the backfilling steps S3, S13, S23 and S33 and the pulling steps S4, S14, S24 and S34 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is replaced with each other. The same procedure as in each step is performed. That is, in this embodiment, after a root cutting process, a grounding process, and a formwork installation process are sequentially performed, a tensioning process is performed, and then a backfilling process is performed.

引張工程S4、S14、S24及びS34の各々、例えば引張工程S4においては、互いにほぼ平行に伸長して対向する梁型枠5b間に引張部材9を架け渡して引っ張る。これにより、次の埋戻し工程S3によって埋め戻される掘削土6bによってフーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bが撓まぬように補強する。ここで、引張部材9は鉄棒であり、隣接する梁型枠5b間に架け渡され、その途中に、引張り強さを調整できるようにターンバックル9aが設けられている。本実施形態においては、互いに対向する梁型枠5b間に、複数の引張部材9を縦横に架け渡らせている。この引張部材9の配置方法は、構造計算書に基づいて定まるものであるため、梁型枠5bが撓まぬように配置することができれば他の配置方法であっても良い。   In each of the tensioning steps S4, S14, S24, and S34, for example, in the tensioning step S4, the tension member 9 is stretched substantially parallel to each other and is stretched between the beam form frames 5b facing each other. Thus, the footing mold 5a and the beam mold 5b are reinforced so as not to be bent by the excavated soil 6b backfilled in the next backfilling step S3. Here, the tension member 9 is an iron bar, spanned between adjacent beam molds 5b, and a turnbuckle 9a is provided in the middle so that the tensile strength can be adjusted. In the present embodiment, a plurality of tension members 9 are stretched vertically and horizontally between the beam form frames 5b facing each other. Since the arrangement method of the tension member 9 is determined based on the structural calculation document, other arrangement methods may be used as long as the beam formwork 5b can be arranged so as not to bend.

次に埋戻し工程S3、S13、S23及びS33がそれぞれ実施される。この埋戻し工程S3、S13、S23及びS33の各々においては、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bの外周を掘削土で地盤面1近傍である埋戻し面7aまで埋め戻し、転圧機を利用して締め固める。ここで使用される掘削土は、他の区画の型枠設置工程において使用される掘削土であり、この点は図1の実施形態の場合と同様であるため、説明を省略する。   Next, the backfilling steps S3, S13, S23 and S33 are performed. In each of the backfilling steps S3, S13, S23, and S33, the outer periphery of the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b is backfilled with excavated soil to the backfilling surface 7a in the vicinity of the ground surface 1, and a compactor is used. And tighten. The excavated soil used here is excavated soil used in the form setting process of other sections, and this point is the same as in the embodiment of FIG.

その後、打設工程S5、S15、S25及びS35、配筋工程S6、並びに打設工程S7が順次実施される。   Thereafter, the placing steps S5, S15, S25 and S35, the bar arrangement step S6, and the placing step S7 are sequentially performed.

このように、本実施形態では、埋戻し工程の前に引張工程を行っているので、埋戻しの際には、型枠5には予め掘削土が埋め戻されることによって生じる土圧に耐えうる耐力が備わっている。そのため、フーチング型枠5a及び梁型枠5bの外周を掘削土によって埋め戻されても土圧によって型枠5が撓む恐れがない。本実施形態におけるその他の作用効果は、図1の実施形態の場合と同様である。   Thus, in this embodiment, since the tension | pulling process is performed before the backfilling process, at the time of backfilling, it can bear the earth pressure which arises by excavating soil in the formwork 5 beforehand. Has proof strength. Therefore, even if the outer peripheries of the footing form 5a and the beam form 5b are backfilled with excavated soil, there is no possibility that the form 5 will be bent by earth pressure. Other functions and effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG.

次に、図1の実施形態における補強部材の設置方法の変更態様を、図10を用いて説明する。図10に示すように、フーチング型枠5a内に支持杭13が設置されている場合には、型枠設置工程S2において、フーチング型枠5aの内部隅部の底部に火打ち部材8bを設け、フーチング型枠5aの外部隅部の上部に火打ち部材8cを設けて、このフーチング型枠5aを補強するが、さらに、フーチング型枠5aの底部において各側面から支持杭13に向けて突張部材8dを設けて突っ張り、支持杭13の中心で力の均衡が図れるように補強することが行われる。本変更態様におけるその他の構成及び作用効果は図1の実施形態の場合と同様である。   Next, the change aspect of the installation method of the reinforcement member in embodiment of FIG. 1 is demonstrated using FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, when the support pile 13 is installed in the footing mold 5a, in the mold installation step S2, a fire-fitting member 8b is provided at the bottom of the inner corner of the footing mold 5a, and the footing is performed. A firing member 8c is provided at the upper part of the outer corner of the mold 5a to reinforce the footing mold 5a. Further, the projecting member 8d is extended from each side to the support pile 13 at the bottom of the footing mold 5a. It is provided and stretched to reinforce the balance of the force at the center of the support pile 13. Other configurations and operational effects in the present modification are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG.

以上述べた実施形態は全て本発明を例示的に示すものであって限定的に示すものではなく、本発明は他の種々の変形態様及び変更態様で実施することができる。従って本発明の範囲は特許請求の範囲及びその均等範囲によってのみ規定されるものである。   All the embodiments described above are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and the present invention can be implemented in other various modifications and changes. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims and their equivalents.

1 地盤
2a、2b、2c、2d 根切り底
3 砕石
4 コンクリート平板
5 型枠
5a フーチング型枠
5b 梁型枠
6a、6b 掘削土
7a、7b 埋戻し面
8 補強部材
8a、8e 幅止め部材
8b、8c、8f 火打ち部材
8d 突張部材
9 引張部材
9a ターンバックル
10 捨てコンクリート
11 鉄筋
12 コンクリート
13 支持杭
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Root cutting bottom 3 Crushed stone 4 Concrete flat plate 5 Formwork 5a Footing formwork 5b Beam formwork 6a, 6b Excavation soil 7a, 7b Backfill surface 8 Reinforcement member 8a, 8e Width stop member 8b, 8c, 8f Burning member 8d Strut member 9 Tensile member 9a Turnbuckle 10 Discarded concrete 11 Reinforcement 12 Concrete 13 Support pile

Claims (7)

地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、該形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置し、該設置した型枠の周囲を埋め戻す、基礎の施工方法であって、前記型枠を設置した後、前記型枠の互いに対向する辺間に引張部材を架け渡すことを特徴とする基礎の施工方法。   A foundation construction method in which a ground groove is formed at each side position of a rectangular section by digging the ground, a mold frame is installed in the formed root cut groove, and the periphery of the installed mold frame is backfilled And after installing the said formwork, the construction method of the foundation characterized by spanning a tension member between the mutually opposing sides of the said formwork. 施工区域の一区画の地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、該形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置し、次いで前記施工区域の他の区画の地盤を掘溝して矩形区画の各辺の位置に根切り溝を形成し、該他の区画における掘溝の際の堀削土を先の区画において設置した型枠の周囲に埋め戻し、該他の区画において形成した根切り溝内に型枠を設置する、基礎の施工方法であって、前記型枠を設置した後、前記型枠の互いに対向する辺間に引張部材を架け渡すことを特徴とする基礎の施工方法。   The ground of one section of the construction area is dug to form a root cut groove at each side of the rectangular section, and a mold is installed in the formed root cut groove, and then the other section of the construction area is formed. Digging the ground to form root cutting grooves at the positions of each side of the rectangular section, filling back the excavated soil in the other section around the formwork installed in the previous section, It is a foundation construction method in which a mold is installed in a root cut groove formed in another section, and after the mold is installed, a tension member is bridged between opposite sides of the mold A characteristic foundation construction method. 前記引張部材を架け渡した後、該引張部材の長さ調整を行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の基礎の施工方法。   The foundation construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the tension member is adjusted after the tension member is bridged. 前記引張部材の架け渡しを、前記型枠の周囲の埋め戻しの前に行うことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の基礎の施工方法。   The foundation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tension member is bridged before being backfilled around the formwork. 前記引張部材の架け渡しを、前記型枠の周囲の埋め戻し中又は埋め戻しの後に行うことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の基礎の施工方法。   The foundation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tension member is bridged during or after backfilling around the formwork. 前記設置した型枠の内部下方に補強部材を設置することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の基礎の施工方法。   The foundation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a reinforcing member is installed inside and below the installed formwork. 前記設置した型枠の底部にコンクリートを打設し、該打設したコンクリート上に配筋を行い、該配筋した後の型枠内にコンクリートを打設することを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の基礎の施工方法。   The concrete is placed on the bottom of the installed formwork, reinforcement is placed on the placed concrete, and the concrete is placed in the formwork after placement. 6. The foundation construction method according to any one of 6 above.
JP2011261777A 2011-11-30 2011-11-30 Construction method for foundation Pending JP2015038265A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02248527A (en) * 1989-03-20 1990-10-04 Fujita Corp Constructing foundation structure
JPH05321272A (en) * 1992-05-21 1993-12-07 Sanei Shoji Kk Method for constructing base form for foundation of dwelling house
JPH06346466A (en) * 1993-06-03 1994-12-20 Koshin Kensetsu Kk Construction work of fundation
JP2001254366A (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-21 Asanuma Corp Method for constructing foundation by using left-in- place-steel form
JP2004332368A (en) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-25 Nakamura Doboku Kk Construction method of concrete foundation
JP2006265830A (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-10-05 Asahi Kasei Homes Kk Construction method for form

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02248527A (en) * 1989-03-20 1990-10-04 Fujita Corp Constructing foundation structure
JPH05321272A (en) * 1992-05-21 1993-12-07 Sanei Shoji Kk Method for constructing base form for foundation of dwelling house
JPH06346466A (en) * 1993-06-03 1994-12-20 Koshin Kensetsu Kk Construction work of fundation
JP2001254366A (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-21 Asanuma Corp Method for constructing foundation by using left-in- place-steel form
JP2004332368A (en) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-25 Nakamura Doboku Kk Construction method of concrete foundation
JP2006265830A (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-10-05 Asahi Kasei Homes Kk Construction method for form

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