GB820736A - Method of and apparatus for electron multiplication - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for electron multiplicationInfo
- Publication number
- GB820736A GB820736A GB4366/56A GB436656A GB820736A GB 820736 A GB820736 A GB 820736A GB 4366/56 A GB4366/56 A GB 4366/56A GB 436656 A GB436656 A GB 436656A GB 820736 A GB820736 A GB 820736A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- anode
- gas
- cathode
- rings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
Landscapes
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
820,736. Discharge apparatus. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. Feb. 4, 1957 [Feb. 11, 1956], No. 4366/56. Class 39(1). A method of electron multiplication in which an output current, variable at all times with a variable input current, is obtained, comprises causing an electron stream to pass in succession through a series of electrodes in a gas, using the Townsend electron avalanche process in the gas at the stages between the electrodes, and attenuating at the interposed electrodes the effects which may cause feedback between any two stages. In the electron multiplier shown a cathode 10 and an anode or collector plate 14 are located at the ends of an assembly of apertured electrodes 11 mounted on conductive rings 12, e.g. of brass, spaced by insulating rings 13, e.g. of ceramic. A thin window 11A permits high energy particles or incident light to impact the cathode. Alternatively electrons may be emitted from the cathode by a nuclear reaction therein, or may be released by ionization of the gas, or may be introduced into the input region by any other means. The anode 14 has an inlet 15 for the gas filling, which may be air at a pressure of from 1/10 to ¢ mm. of mercury. An outlet may be provided to permit the gas to circulate, or the inlet may be sealed after filling. The rings 12 are adapted for connection to a potential divider. A grid may be placed between the anode 14 and the last electrode 11 and held at a fixed potential, and the time constant of the anode circuit may be made small by connecting a condenser in series with a restrictive load to enable very short pulses to be amplified. The apertures in the electrodes 11 may be formed by punching holes or by a photoengraving process. The holes are staggered in position in successive electrodes and may be confined to a central circular area of the electrodes. An axial magnetic field may be applied. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 3 (not shown), the apertured electrodes are in the form of wire grids and the electrode assembly is enclosed in a vacuum tight envelope of insulating material, the cathode being connected to a negative voltage and a lead from the grid next adjacent the anode being connected to earth through a resistor. The rings 13 are made of resistive or semi-conductive material to provide uniform potential drops between the grids. The anode is insulated from the adjacent grid and has a lead for the output current.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4366/56A GB820736A (en) | 1956-02-11 | 1956-02-11 | Method of and apparatus for electron multiplication |
US639013A US2929949A (en) | 1956-02-11 | 1957-02-08 | Method of and apparatus for electron multiplication |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4366/56A GB820736A (en) | 1956-02-11 | 1956-02-11 | Method of and apparatus for electron multiplication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB820736A true GB820736A (en) | 1959-09-23 |
Family
ID=9775816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB4366/56A Expired GB820736A (en) | 1956-02-11 | 1956-02-11 | Method of and apparatus for electron multiplication |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2929949A (en) |
GB (1) | GB820736A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2300316A1 (en) * | 1973-01-04 | 1974-07-11 | Geoffrey William Ball | MULTIPLIER, PREFERABLY PARTICLE MULTIPLE |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL262542A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | |||
US3446971A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1969-05-27 | Spectra Physics | Optical ranging system using a beat frequency responsive photomultiplier |
US3457418A (en) * | 1967-12-28 | 1969-07-22 | Atomic Energy Commission | Optical image amplifier utilizing electron avalanches in a gas |
DE2652070C2 (en) * | 1976-11-15 | 1983-07-28 | Proxitronic Funk GmbH & Co KG, 6108 Weiterstadt | Imager |
US7791020B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-09-07 | Fei Company | Multistage gas cascade amplifier |
US8299432B2 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2012-10-30 | Fei Company | Scanning transmission electron microscope using gas amplification |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2375830A (en) * | 1942-03-31 | 1945-05-15 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Device for producing successive electrical impulses |
US2504231A (en) * | 1945-10-26 | 1950-04-18 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Gaseous discharge device |
US2550089A (en) * | 1946-08-31 | 1951-04-24 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Electrochemical conversion of hydrocarbons |
-
1956
- 1956-02-11 GB GB4366/56A patent/GB820736A/en not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-02-08 US US639013A patent/US2929949A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2300316A1 (en) * | 1973-01-04 | 1974-07-11 | Geoffrey William Ball | MULTIPLIER, PREFERABLY PARTICLE MULTIPLE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US2929949A (en) | 1960-03-22 |
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