FR2663121A1 - Multipurpose triaxial testing cell for geological materials - Google Patents
Multipurpose triaxial testing cell for geological materials Download PDFInfo
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- FR2663121A1 FR2663121A1 FR9007594A FR9007594A FR2663121A1 FR 2663121 A1 FR2663121 A1 FR 2663121A1 FR 9007594 A FR9007594 A FR 9007594A FR 9007594 A FR9007594 A FR 9007594A FR 2663121 A1 FR2663121 A1 FR 2663121A1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000453 cell autonomous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte à une cellule triaxiale polyvalente d'essais de geomateriaux, d'échantillons de roches, de sols ou des matériaux fabriques sur les sites de prélèvement dans des conditions d'essais équivalentes à celles des laboratoires. The invention relates to a multipurpose triaxial cell for testing geomaterials, rock samples, soil samples or materials produced on sampling sites under test conditions equivalent to those of laboratories.
Ces échantillons de forme cylindrique peuvent être soumis à différentes conditions de pression, de chargement, de température et de drainage, ces paramètres pouvant être contrôlés à l'aide de capteur de pression, de temperature, de deplacements internes ou externes et de jauges de contraintes. These cylindrical samples can be subjected to different pressure, loading, temperature and drainage conditions, these parameters being controllable using pressure, temperature, internal or external displacements and strain gauges .
Les contraintes de pression peuvent être axiales et/ou sur la face latérale de l'échantillon. The pressure constraints can be axial and / or on the lateral face of the sample.
A cet effet, on connait une cellule triaxiale (US-A-3.975.950, JP-A-5871432) comprenant un plateau inférieur et un plateau supérieur entre lesquels trouve place l'échantillon, le plateau inferieur étant disposé sur une embase et au dessus du plateau superieur étant appliqué un piston dont la tige reçoit la poussée nécessaire à la contrainte verticale. For this purpose, a triaxial cell is known (US-A-3,975,950, JP-A-5871432) comprising a lower plate and an upper plate between which the sample is placed, the lower plate being disposed on a base and at the above the upper plate being applied a piston whose rod receives the thrust necessary for the vertical stress.
La cellule comprend un corps presentant intérieurement une cavité qui réserve entre sa paroi latérale et celle de l'échantillon une chambre périphérique reliée à un circuit de mise en pression et de vidange contrôlée de la dite chambre. The cell comprises a body internally having a cavity which reserves between its side wall and that of the sample a peripheral chamber connected to a pressurization and controlled emptying circuit of said chamber.
Afin de protéger l'échantillon du fluide pouvant ainsi être introduit dans la chambre, cet échantillon (JP-A-5871432) peut être logé dans une membrane souple et élastique épousant sa surface latérale. In order to protect the sample from the fluid which can thus be introduced into the chamber, this sample (JP-A-5871432) can be housed in a flexible and elastic membrane matching its lateral surface.
L'une de ces pièces que sont le piston et sa tige est guidee en translation dans un alésage de la paroi superieure du corps, laquelle paroi peut faire partie integrante du corps ou se présenter sous la forme d'un couvercle rapporté et fixe de manière démontable par exemple à l'aide de tirants. One of these parts, the piston and its rod, is guided in translation in a bore in the upper wall of the body, which wall can form an integral part of the body or be in the form of an attached and fixedly fixed cover. removable for example using tie rods.
Pour exercer sur l'extrémité externe de la tige du piston, la force nécessaire à la contrainte axiale, il est habituel de placer cette cellule dans une machine d'essai agissant comme une presse. To exert on the external end of the piston rod, the force necessary for the axial stress, it is usual to place this cell in a testing machine acting like a press.
Généralement, une telle machine d'essai est installée à poste fixe dans un laboratoire et de ce fait, l'étude de matériaux ne peut être réalisée directement sur le chantier. Generally, such a testing machine is installed in a fixed position in a laboratory and therefore, the study of materials cannot be carried out directly on the site.
I1 faut recourir au transport des échantillons prélevés, ce qui demande des délais qui peuvent nuire à la prise d'une decision rapide telle la poursuite ou l'arrêt de l'échantillonnage sur une zone de recherche. It is necessary to resort to the transport of the samples taken, which requires delays which can hinder the taking of a quick decision such as the continuation or the stop of the sampling in a research area.
Afin de rendre autonome une telle cellule, on connaît (Brown S.F Austin G and Overy, R.F "an instrumented triaxial cell for cyclic loading of clays" geotechnical testing journal
GTJODJ vol 3, N" 4 dec 1980 pp 145-152) une cellule pourvue d'un module, généralement démontable, qui vient coiffer le corps et une portion externe au corps de la tige du piston et qui présente une cavité dans laquelle se deplace un piston auxiliaire.In order to make such a cell autonomous, we know (Brown SF Austin G and Overy, RF "an instrumented triaxial cell for cyclic loading of clays" geotechnical testing journal
GTJODJ vol 3, N "4 dec 1980 pp 145-152) a cell provided with a module, generally removable, which covers the body and a portion external to the body of the piston rod and which has a cavity in which it moves an auxiliary piston.
Dans cette réalisation, le piston auxiliaire est pourvu d'un alésage central par lequel il se centre sur la tige du piston principal et ce piston auxiliaire est, par des moyens de verrouillage, lié en translation à cette tige du piston principal. In this embodiment, the auxiliary piston is provided with a central bore through which it centers on the rod of the main piston and this auxiliary piston is, by locking means, linked in translation to this rod of the main piston.
Le piston auxiliaire délimite dans la cavite du module, deux chambres dont celle opposee au piston principal dite chambre arrière est, par un orifice, reliee à un circuit par lequel un fluide sous pression peut être alternativement introduit et extrait de la dite chambre arrière. The auxiliary piston delimits in the cavity of the module, two chambers of which that opposite to the main piston called the rear chamber is, by an orifice, connected to a circuit by which a pressurized fluid can be alternately introduced and extracted from said rear chamber.
Des organes d'étanchéité, tels un joint à soufflet, contribuent à l'isolation l'une de l'autre des deux chambres de la cavité du module dit d'autonomie. Sealing members, such as a bellows seal, contribute to insulating one from the other of the two chambers of the cavity of the so-called autonomy module.
Sous l'effet de la poussée que le- fluide exerce sur sa face arrière, le piston auxiliaire se déplace en direction de l'échantillon et par son déplacement provoque celui du piston principal et du plateau supérieur vers le plateau inférieur. Under the effect of the thrust that the fluid exerts on its rear face, the auxiliary piston moves in the direction of the sample and by its movement causes that of the main piston and of the upper plate towards the lower plate.
Pour la remontée du piston principal, on crée par le même orifice et donc dans la même chambre arrière une pression ce qui toutefois limite la force disponible. To raise the main piston, pressure is created through the same orifice and therefore in the same rear chamber, which however limits the available force.
Avec un tel module d'autonomie, la commande directe du piston principal reste possible. With such an autonomy module, direct control of the main piston remains possible.
A cet effet, la tige du piston principal se prolonge suffisamment pour traverser le piston auxiliaire puis la paroi supérieure du module et dépasser du module de manière à pouvoir être associée à un verin à double effet d'une machine à poste fixe. For this purpose, the main piston rod extends sufficiently to pass through the auxiliary piston then the upper wall of the module and protrude from the module so that it can be associated with a double-acting cylinder of a stationary machine.
Si l'utilisation d'un tel module donne une certaine autonomie à la cellule, le fait que, pour permettre une commande directe, la tige du piston principal doive se prolonger fortement augmente l'encombrement de la cellule et expose cette tige à un flambage notamment lors d'essais sans le module notamment à haute pression. If the use of such a module gives a certain autonomy to the cell, the fact that, to allow direct control, the main piston rod must extend considerably increases the size of the cell and exposes this rod to buckling especially during tests without the module, in particular at high pressure.
Par ailleurs, outre les moyens de fixation du module sur le corps, il est nécessaire de prevoir des moyens de verrouillage du piston auxiliaire sur la tige du piston principal qui puissent resister à des efforts importants notamment pendant la sollicitation du piston principal dans le sens de la descente. Furthermore, in addition to the means for fixing the module to the body, it is necessary to provide means for locking the auxiliary piston on the main piston rod which can withstand significant forces, in particular during the stressing of the main piston in the direction of lowering.
Si, de manière autonome ou avec une machine à poste fixe, cette cellule permet de realiser des essais statiques de compression axiale des échantillons, elle ne permet d'effectuer la plupart des essais cycliques comportant une phase de mise en pression de durée variable et une phase de décompression ayant son propre gradiant de variation qu'avec une machine fixe et on retrouve alors les inconvenients evoqués précédemment et lies à l'absence de prise de decision rapide. If, independently or with a stationary machine, this cell makes it possible to carry out static tests of axial compression of the samples, it does not allow most cyclic tests comprising a pressurization phase of variable duration and a decompression phase having its own gradient of variation than with a fixed machine and we then find the drawbacks mentioned above and related to the lack of rapid decision-making.
Un des résultats que l'invention vise à obtenir est une cellule qui, tout en étant utilisable avec une presse à poste fixe puisse aussi être totalement autonome et ce même pour des essais cycliques. One of the results which the invention aims to obtain is a cell which, while being usable with a stationary press, can also be completely autonomous, even for cyclic tests.
Un des autres résultats de l'invention est une telle cellule dont, lors de l'utilisation avec une presse à poste fixe, même sans module, la tige du vérin principal n'est pas soumise à un flambage. One of the other results of the invention is such a cell which, when used with a stationary press, even without a module, the rod of the main jack is not subjected to buckling.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une cellule du type précité notamment caractérisée en ce que le piston principal présente une collerette qui s'ajuste dans un alésage prévu dans la paroi superieure du corps pour y délimiter deux chambres annulaires de volumes complémentaires et dans l'une desquelles chambres à savoir celle dite chambre inférieure et qui, par rapport à la collerette, se situe du même côté que l'échantillon, débouche un canal au travers duquel un fluide peut être introduit pour exercer sur celle des surfaces radiales de la collerette qui est tournée vers la chambre considerée une force qui, dirigee suivant l'axe longitudinal du piston, tend à déplacer le piston vers l'extérieur de la chambre d'essai et donc à décharger l'échantillon. To this end, the subject of the invention is a cell of the aforementioned type, in particular characterized in that the main piston has a collar which adjusts in a bore provided in the upper wall of the body to delimit there two annular chambers of complementary volumes and in one of these chambers, namely that known as the lower chamber and which, relative to the collar, is located on the same side as the sample, opens a channel through which a fluid can be introduced to exert on that of the radial surfaces of the flange which is turned towards the chamber considered a force which, directed along the longitudinal axis of the piston, tends to move the piston towards the outside of the test chamber and therefore to discharge the sample.
L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-aprés faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui represente schématiquement une cellule tri axiale vue en coupe. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description below given by way of nonlimiting example with regard to the appended drawing which schematically represents a tri-axial cell seen in section.
En se reportant au dessin, on voit que la cellule tri axiale 1, d'essai de chaque échantillon 2 de matériau, comprend tout d'abord deux plateaux 3, 4 disposes en vis à vis l'un au dessus de l'autre pour permettre, par leur rapprochement, de soumettre l'échantillon 2 à une contrainte de compression axiale. Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the tri-axial cell 1, for testing each sample 2 of material, firstly comprises two plates 3, 4 arranged opposite one above the other for allow, by their approximation, to submit the sample 2 to an axial compression stress.
Le plateau inférieur 3 est disposé sur une embase 5 tandis qu'au dessus du plateau supérieur 4 est appliqué un piston 6 dont l'extrémité reçoit directement ou via une tige 7 qui en est solidaire la poussée necessaire à la contrainte axiale. The lower plate 3 is disposed on a base 5 while above the upper plate 4 is applied a piston 6, the end of which receives directly or via a rod 7 which is integral therewith the thrust necessary for the axial stress.
La cellule 1 comprend un corps 8 présentant intérieurement une cavité 9 qui réserve entre sa paroi latérale 10 et celle 11 de l'échantillon 2 une chambre périphérique 12 reliée à un circuit 13 de mise en pression et de vidange contrôlée de la dite chambre 12. The cell 1 comprises a body 8 having internally a cavity 9 which reserves between its side wall 10 and that 11 of the sample 2 a peripheral chamber 12 connected to a circuit 13 for pressurizing and controlled emptying of said chamber 12.
Afin de proteger l'échantillon du fluide ainsi introduit dans la chambre 12, cet échantillon peut être loge dans une membrane 14, souple et élastique, épousant sa surface latérale 11. In order to protect the sample from the fluid thus introduced into the chamber 12, this sample can be housed in a flexible and elastic membrane 14, matching its lateral surface 11.
L'une de ces pièces que sont le piston 6 et son éventuelle tige 7 est guide en translation dans un alesage 15 de la paroi supérieure 16 du corps 8, laquelle paroi 16 peut faire partie intégrante du corps 8 ou se presenter sous la forme d'un couvercle rapporté et fixé de manière démontable par exemple à l'aide de tirants 17. One of these parts that are the piston 6 and its possible rod 7 is guide in translation in a bore 15 of the upper wall 16 of the body 8, which wall 16 can be an integral part of the body 8 or be in the form of 'A cover attached and fixed in a removable manner, for example using tie rods 17.
Cet echantillon 2 peut alors être soumis
- d'une part, à une contrainte axiale exercée par le piston 6 qui, via le plateau supérieur 4 s'applique sur l'échantillon 2 et
- d'autre part, à une contrainte radiale exercée par le fluide introduit dans la chambre et qui exerce sa poussee sur l'échantillon au travers de la membrane 14 entourant le dit échantillon 2.This sample 2 can then be submitted
on the one hand, to an axial stress exerted by the piston 6 which, via the upper plate 4 is applied to the sample 2 and
- on the other hand, to a radial stress exerted by the fluid introduced into the chamber and which exerts its thrust on the sample through the membrane 14 surrounding said sample 2.
De préférence, les plateaux inférieur 3 et supérieur 4 comportent des moyens 18, 19 alternativement de drainage ou d'introduction d'un fluide dans l'échantillon à analyser. Preferably, the lower 3 and upper 4 plates comprise means 18, 19 alternately for draining or introducing a fluid into the sample to be analyzed.
Afin de rendre autonome une telle cellule, un module 20, de préférence démontable, vient coiffer le corps 8 et une portion externe au corps 8 du piston 6 ou de 1 a tige 7 qui en est solidaire et presente une cavité 21 dans laquelle se déplace un piston auxiliaire 22. In order to make such a cell autonomous, a module 20, preferably removable, covers the body 8 and a portion external to the body 8 of the piston 6 or of the rod 7 which is integral with it and has a cavity 21 in which moves an auxiliary piston 22.
Le piston auxiliaire 22 est associe en translation à la tige 7 du piston principal 6. The auxiliary piston 22 is associated in translation with the rod 7 of the main piston 6.
Le piston auxiliaire 22 délimite dans la cavité 21 du module, deux chambres 23, 24 dont celle (24) qui, par rapport au piston auxiliaire est située à l'opposé du piston principal 6 et qui est dite chambre arrière 24, est, par un orifice 25, reliée à un circuit 26 par lequel un fluide sous pression peut être alternativement introduit et extrait de la dite chambre arrière 24. The auxiliary piston 22 delimits in the cavity 21 of the module, two chambers 23, 24 including that (24) which, relative to the auxiliary piston is located opposite the main piston 6 and which is called rear chamber 24, is, by an orifice 25, connected to a circuit 26 by which a pressurized fluid can be alternately introduced and extracted from said rear chamber 24.
Des organes d'étanchéité 27, tels des joints, contribuent à l'isolation des deux chambres 23, 24 de la cavité 21 du module 20 d'autonomie l'une de l'autre et vis vis de l'extérieur de ces chambres. Sealing members 27, such as seals, contribute to the insulation of the two chambers 23, 24 of the cavity 21 of the module 20 of autonomy from one another and screw screw from the outside of these chambers.
Sous l'effet de la poussee que le fluide exerce sur le piston auxiliaire, celui-ci se déplace en direction de l'échantillon et par son déplacement provoque celui du piston principal et du plateau supérieur vers le plateau inférieur. Under the effect of the thrust that the fluid exerts on the auxiliary piston, this moves in the direction of the sample and by its movement causes that of the main piston and the upper plate towards the lower plate.
Des capteurs (non representés) notamment de température, de déplacement et de pression ainsi que des jauges de contrainte permettent de déterminer les variations que subit l'échantillon. Sensors (not shown) notably of temperature, displacement and pressure as well as strain gauges make it possible to determine the variations which the sample undergoes.
Par exemple, un capteur placé dans le plateau inferieure 3 permet la mesure directe de la force axiale. For example, a sensor placed in the lower plate 3 allows direct measurement of the axial force.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le piston principal 6 presente une collerette 28 qui s'ajuste dans un alésage 29 prévu dans la paroi supérieure 16 du corps 8 pour y délimiter deux chambres annulaires 30, 31 de volumes complémentaires et dans l'une 30 desquelles chambres à savoir celle dite chambre inférieure et qui, par rapport à la collerette, se situe du même côté que l'échantillon, débouche un canal 32 au travers duquel un fluide peut être introduit pour exercer sur celle des surfaces radiales 33, 34 de la collerette qui est tournée vers la chambre 30 considérée une force qui, dirigée suivant l'axe longitudinal du piston, tend à déplacer le piston vers l'extérieur de la chambre d'essai et donc à décharger l'échantillon. According to a characteristic of the invention, the main piston 6 has a flange 28 which adjusts in a bore 29 provided in the upper wall 16 of the body 8 to delimit two annular chambers 30, 31 of complementary volumes and in one 30 of which chambers, namely that known as the lower chamber and which, relative to the collar, is located on the same side as the sample, opens a channel 32 through which a fluid can be introduced to exert on that of the radial surfaces 33, 34 from the flange which is turned towards the chamber 30 considered a force which, directed along the longitudinal axis of the piston, tends to move the piston towards the outside of the test chamber and therefore to discharge the sample.
Le module d'autonomie 20 présente bien entendu des moyens 35, tels par exemple des vis de fixation au corps de cellules, suffisamment résistants aux efforts correspondants. The autonomy module 20 obviously has means 35, such as for example screws for fixing to the cell body, which are sufficiently resistant to the corresponding forces.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, au moins celle (34) des surfaces radiales 33, 34 de la collerette 28 qui est à l'oppose de l'échantillon, est égale à la section du piston principal 6 et ce piston principal 6 est traversé par une conduite 36 de liaison entre la chambre annulaire 12 du corps et celle 31 des chambres délimitées par la collerette 28, qui est dite supérieure et qui, par rapport à la dite collerette 28, est située du côté opposé du corps, cette conduite de liaison 36 permettant de compenser les modifications de volume de la cavité du corps liées à la modification de la pénétration du piston principal dans le corps et par cela permet de ne pas tenir compte de modifications de volume de la chambre dans les calculs sur la base des informations reccueillies telles la pression dans le corps. According to another characteristic of the invention, at least that (34) of the radial surfaces 33, 34 of the flange 28 which is opposite the sample, is equal to the section of the main piston 6 and this main piston 6 is crossed by a pipe 36 for connection between the annular chamber 12 of the body and that 31 of the chambers delimited by the collar 28, which is said to be upper and which, relative to said collar 28, is located on the opposite side of the body, this connecting line 36 making it possible to compensate for the changes in volume of the body cavity linked to the change in the penetration of the main piston in the body and thereby makes it possible to ignore changes in the volume of the chamber in the calculations on the based on information collected such as pressure in the body.
De même, la surface de la face 33 de la collerette recevant la poussée dans le sens de la remontée du piston et la surface du piston auxiliaire 22 qui reçoit la poussée dans le sens de la descente du piston sont de préférence égales. Likewise, the surface of the face 33 of the flange receiving the thrust in the direction of ascent of the piston and the surface of the auxiliary piston 22 which receives the thrust in the direction of the descent of the piston are preferably equal.
Ceci évite, lors du déplacement du piston principal en direction de l'échantillon, d'avoir à compenser la poussée qu'exerce sur le piston le fluide contenu dans la chambre périphérique et limite donc la puissance pour la presse. This avoids, when moving the main piston towards the sample, having to compensate for the thrust exerted on the piston by the fluid contained in the peripheral chamber and therefore limits the power for the press.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, d'une part, la tige 7 du piston principal 6 ne dépasse de la paroi supérieure 16 du corps que d'une hauteur sensiblement égale à celle nécessaire pour pouvoir, en l'absence du module, recevoir la poussee d'un oraane extérieur sur toute la course utile du piston principal et, d'autre part, le piston auxiliaire 22 que loge le module d'autonomie 20 appuie directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une tige 37, qui en est solidaire, par sa face extrême inférieure 38 sur la face extrême supérieure 39 du piston principal 6 ou de l'éventuelle tige qui en est solidaire. According to another characteristic of the invention, on the one hand, the rod 7 of the main piston 6 only protrudes from the upper wall 16 of the body by a height substantially equal to that necessary to be able, in the absence of the module, receive the thrust of an external oraane over the entire useful stroke of the main piston and, on the other hand, the auxiliary piston 22 which houses the autonomy module 20 presses directly or via a rod 37, which is secured by its lower end face 38 on the upper end face 39 of the main piston 6 or of the possible rod which is integral therewith.
Au piston auxiliaire 22 est associée une tige supérieure 40 qui traverse la paroi supérieure 41 du module d'autonomie 20 et se prolonge sur une longueur sensiblement équivalente à celle nécessaire pour pouvoir communiquer directement à cette tige supérieure 40 la poussée necessaire pour assurer toute la course du piston auxiliaire 22. With the auxiliary piston 22 is associated an upper rod 40 which crosses the upper wall 41 of the autonomy module 20 and extends over a length substantially equivalent to that necessary to be able to communicate directly to this upper rod 40 the thrust necessary to ensure the entire stroke of the auxiliary piston 22.
De ce fait, même avec le module d'autonomie 20, la cellule reste utilisable avec une presse à poste fixe. As a result, even with the autonomy module 20, the cell remains usable with a stationary press.
Afin de réduire l'encombrement du module d'autonomie 20, la longueur du piston auxiliaire 22 est réduite à celle d'une collerette et pour néanmoins garder un bon guidage et éviter le coincement du piston auxiliaire, sa tige inferieure 37 s'engage dans un alésage complémentaire 42 sur une longueur qui, par rapport à la section de cette tige est suffisante pour assurer un bon guidage de l'ensemble. In order to reduce the size of the autonomy module 20, the length of the auxiliary piston 22 is reduced to that of a flange and to nevertheless keep good guidance and avoid jamming of the auxiliary piston, its lower rod 37 engages in a complementary bore 42 over a length which, relative to the section of this rod is sufficient to ensure proper guidance of the assembly.
Selon l'invention, outre le guidage du piston auxiliaire par la tige inférieure 37, le piston auxiliaire 22 s'ajuste par sa tige supérieure 40 dans un alésage 43 du couvercle du module. According to the invention, in addition to guiding the auxiliary piston by the lower rod 37, the auxiliary piston 22 is adjusted by its upper rod 40 in a bore 43 of the module cover.
Selon l'invention, la fraction de la tige supérieure du piston auxiliaire porte un moyen de surveillance 44 en vue de contrôler au moins indirectement et visuellement le déplacement du piston. According to the invention, the fraction of the upper rod of the auxiliary piston carries a monitoring means 44 in order to control at least indirectly and visually the movement of the piston.
Dans une autre variante de realisation, au détriment de l'auto-compensation, le piston principal 6 soit ne comprend pas de conduite de liaison 36, soit a celle-ci qui est obture provisoirement, par contre, dans la chambre supérieure 31 de l'alésage 29 de la paroi superieure 16 du corps 8, débouche une conduite (non représentée) reliee au circuit 26 de commande de la descente du piston 6. In another alternative embodiment, to the detriment of self-compensation, the main piston 6 either does not include a connecting pipe 36, or to the latter which is temporarily closed, however, in the upper chamber 31 of the the bore 29 of the upper wall 16 of the body 8 opens a pipe (not shown) connected to the circuit 26 for controlling the descent of the piston 6.
Un orifice 45 amenagé dans le corps de la cellule permet d'alimenter électriquement une résistance chauffante (non représentée) placée dans la cavité entourant l'échantillon. An orifice 45 arranged in the body of the cell makes it possible to electrically supply a heating resistor (not shown) placed in the cavity surrounding the sample.
Cette cellule peut bien évidemment être utilisée sans introduction de fluide dans la chambre périphérique 12, des aménagements dans le corps de la cellule pouvant être prévus pour une mise en place rapide, sans démontage, des échantillons. This cell can obviously be used without introducing fluid into the peripheral chamber 12, arrangements in the body of the cell can be provided for rapid placement, without disassembly, of the samples.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9007594A FR2663121B1 (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | MULTIPURPOSE TRIAXIAL TEST CELL FOR GEO-MATERIALS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9007594A FR2663121B1 (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | MULTIPURPOSE TRIAXIAL TEST CELL FOR GEO-MATERIALS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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FR2663121A1 true FR2663121A1 (en) | 1991-12-13 |
FR2663121B1 FR2663121B1 (en) | 1992-09-11 |
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FR9007594A Expired - Fee Related FR2663121B1 (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | MULTIPURPOSE TRIAXIAL TEST CELL FOR GEO-MATERIALS. |
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