ES2660009T3 - Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels - Google Patents
Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- ES2660009T3 ES2660009T3 ES10835511.6T ES10835511T ES2660009T3 ES 2660009 T3 ES2660009 T3 ES 2660009T3 ES 10835511 T ES10835511 T ES 10835511T ES 2660009 T3 ES2660009 T3 ES 2660009T3
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- tunnel
- tunnels
- execution
- sacrificial
- perforations
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000406668 Loxodonta cyclotis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil mediante túneles de sacrificio. La presente invención plantea la ejecución de túneles de sacrificio para que se reduzca o se elimine la necesidad del uso de elementos de sostenimiento en la construcción de cualquier túnel. Así se presenta un procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil para reducir o eliminar el empleo de elementos de sostenimiento del terreno o macizo rocoso caracterizado por la ejecución de un Túnel de Sacrificio, de modo que ese Túnel de Sacrifico se deformará asumiendo las tensiones y deformaciones provocadas por el peso del terreno evitando que se transmitan al túnel principal. El Túnel de Sacrificio, que puede aparecer en conjunto con otros, debe ser en cualquier caso de pequeño diámetro respecto del túnel principal, estando situado a una determinada distancia sobre la clave del túnel principal.Procedure for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels. The present invention proposes the execution of sacrificial tunnels so that the need for the use of support elements in the construction of any tunnel is reduced or eliminated. Thus a procedure is presented for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works to reduce or eliminate the use of elements of support of the terrain or rock massif characterized by the execution of a Sacrifice Tunnel, so that Sacrificial Tunnel will deform assuming the tensions and deformations caused by the weight of the ground preventing them from being transmitted to the main tunnel. The Sacrifice Tunnel, which may appear in conjunction with others, must in any case be small in diameter with respect to the main tunnel, being located a certain distance above the key of the main tunnel.
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Método para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil mediante túneles de sacrificio Campo de la invenciónMethod for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels Field of the invention
La invención se encuadra en el sector técnico de la ejecución de túneles y perforaciones para la ejecución de obras lineales, ya sean túneles de carretera, ferroviarios, en minas, de comunicaciones y transporte de mercancías, y todos aquellos relacionados con perforaciones para la extracción de gases o materiales combustibles (líquidos o sólidos).The invention is part of the technical sector of the execution of tunnels and perforations for the execution of linear works, whether road tunnels, railways, mines, communications and freight transport, and all those related to drilling for the extraction of gases or combustible materials (liquids or solids).
Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention
La ejecución de los diferentes tipos de túneles y perforaciones en obra civil se lleva a cabo fundamentalmente en terrenos o macizos rocosos de baja capacidad portante o elevada deformabilidad, donde se desarrolla todo un conjunto de sistemas anexos a la excavación principal y sirven de sostenimiento del terreno o del macizo rocoso en el que se realiza la excavación.The execution of the different types of tunnels and perforations in civil works is carried out mainly in terrains or rocky massifs of low bearing capacity or high deformability, where a whole set of systems attached to the main excavation is developed and serve as ground maintenance or of the rock mass in which the excavation is carried out.
Como mecanismo de anclaje y sostenimiento se utilizan bulones macizos normales a la dirección de avance del túnel principal, que pueden estar agrupados en estructuras de paraguas de bulones o bulones de fibra de vidrio situados en el frente de avance, logrando el sostenimiento de la estructura al reducir tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) que se producen durante los trabajos de excavación, provocado por el peso del terreno o del macizo rocoso situado sobre la cota de excavación, asumiendo que estos materiales forman parte de los estados tensionales y deformación propios de la obra.As an anchoring and support mechanism, solid bolts are used normal to the direction of advance of the main tunnel, which can be grouped in umbrella structures of bolts or fiberglass bolts located in the forward front, achieving the support of the structure at reduce stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) that occur during excavation work, caused by the weight of the ground or rock mass located above the excavation level, assuming that these materials are part of the tensile and deformation states of the work.
Los documentos EP1632749, JP5025993A y CH586838A5 muestran métodos conocidos para la construcción de túneles.EP1632749, JP5025993A and CH586838A5 show known methods for tunnel construction.
Independientemente del procedimiento constructivo considerado para la ejecución (alemán, belga, nuevo método austríaco, tuneladoras en sus distintos formatos), los bulones son elementos muy importantes en el sector arriba definido, puesto que su correcto dimensionamiento permite una adecuada ejecución de la obra, evitando colapsos parciales o completos tanto en el frente de avance como de la parte ya excavada. Actualmente, todo este conjunto de sistemas anejos necesita para su ejecución tanto los complejos equipos de obra como de elevadas partidas presupuestarias.Regardless of the construction procedure considered for the execution (German, Belgian, new Austrian method, tunneling machines in their different formats), the bolts are very important elements in the sector defined above, since their correct sizing allows an adequate execution of the work, avoiding partial or complete collapses both in the front of the advance and the part already excavated. Currently, all this set of annexed systems requires for its execution both complex construction equipment and high budget items.
El objetivo sería reducir los valores de tensiones y deformaciones en el túnel principal, moderando y eliminando, a su vez, la necesidad de utilizar sistemas anejos al mismo y disminuyendo, de esta forma, tanto los plazos de ejecución como las partidas presupuestarias destinadas al efecto, permitiendo un incremento en la seguridad durante la ejecución de los trabajos.The objective would be to reduce the values of stresses and deformations in the main tunnel, moderating and eliminating, in turn, the need to use systems attached to it and thus reducing both the execution deadlines and the budget items destined for this purpose. , allowing an increase in security during the execution of the work.
Explicación de la invenciónExplanation of the invention.
La presente invención se centra en la ejecución de uno o varios túneles o perforaciones (denominados túnel o túneles de sacrificio) con sección circular y pequeño diámetro y ubicados concéntricamente a cierta distancia del túnel o perforación principal, pudiendo ser revestidos o no, de forma que asuman tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) provocadas por los estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal.The present invention focuses on the execution of one or several tunnels or perforations (called tunnel or sacrificial tunnels) with circular section and small diameter and located concentrically at a certain distance from the tunnel or main perforation, being able to be coated or not, so that they assume tensions and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the strata of land or rocky massifs located above the tunnel or main perforation.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
En el caso de que el túnel de sacrificio (1) sea único, como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 2, el túnel de sacrificio (1) se encuentra situado sobre la vertical de la clave del túnel principal (2), a una distancia de entre 30% y 50% de la altura de este último, y con un diámetro de entre 10% y 20% de la altura del túnel principal, manteniendo el eje del túnel de sacrificio paralelo al eje del túnel principal.In the event that the sacrifice tunnel (1) is unique, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sacrifice tunnel (1) is located above the vertical of the key of the main tunnel (2), at a distance between 30% and 50% of the height of the latter, and with a diameter of between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, keeping the axis of the sacrifice tunnel parallel to the axis of the main tunnel.
Figura 1Figure 1
Sección transversal de un túnel en una sección cualquiera de terreno, ejecutado con forma de medio punto con pata de elefante en la zona de apoyos, representándose únicamente y por condiciones de simetría, el lateral izquierdo de la obra. Sobre la clave del túnel principal (2), se sitúa el túnel de sacrificio (1), con objeto de asumir parte del estado tensional y deformacional del terreno situado sobre él hasta la cota cero del mismo.Cross section of a tunnel in any section of land, executed in the form of a half point with an elephant leg in the area of supports, representing only and by symmetry conditions, the left side of the work. On the key of the main tunnel (2), the sacrificial tunnel (1) is located, in order to assume part of the tensional and deformational state of the land located above it until the zero level of it.
Figura 2Figure 2
Sección transversal-longitudinal del mismo túnel que se muestra en la Figura 1, en la que puede apreciarse como el túnel de sacrificio (1) se mantiene paralelo al túnel principal (2), a una distancia definida por encima de la clave de este último.Cross-longitudinal section of the same tunnel as shown in Figure 1, in which it can be seen how the sacrificial tunnel (1) is held parallel to the main tunnel (2), at a defined distance above the key of the latter .
Descripción detallada de la invenciónDetailed description of the invention
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El túnel de sacrificio (1), situado en la vertical o en las cercanías de la clave del túnel o perforación principal, será de sección circular actuando de manera similar a un ánodo de sacrificio en la protección de los procesos corrosivos, siendo el encargado de asumir las tensiones y deformaciones debidas a la existencia de los diferentes estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal, deformándose bajo estas cargas y evitando, de esta forma, que se transmitan a la sección principal del túnel o perforación.The slaughter tunnel (1), located vertically or in the vicinity of the key of the tunnel or main perforation, will be of circular section acting similar to a sacrificial anode in the protection of corrosive processes, being responsible for assume the stresses and deformations due to the existence of the different strata of land or rock massifs located on the tunnel or main perforation, deforming under these loads and avoiding, in this way, that they are transmitted to the main section of the tunnel or perforation.
Para ello, y dependiendo de las características mecánicas y resistentes del terreno o macizo rocoso en el que se ejecutan las obras, el túnel de sacrificio (1) debe ser ejecutado con anterioridad al túnel o perforación principal y mediante procedimientos mecánicos adecuados durante la excavación, debiéndose considerar la mejor solución posible a su posterior revestimiento, en función del tipo de terreno o macizo rocoso objeto de los trabajos de excavación.To do this, and depending on the mechanical and resistant characteristics of the rocky ground or massif in which the works are executed, the sacrificial tunnel (1) must be executed prior to the main tunnel or drilling and by suitable mechanical procedures during the excavation, considering the best possible solution to its subsequent coating, depending on the type of terrain or rocky mass object of excavation work.
Los modelos numéricos realizados en diferentes tipos de terreno y materiales rocosos, muestran que el diámetro del túnel de sacrificio (1) debe tener un valor de entre 10% y el 20% de la altura del túnel principal (2) (o en el caso de perforaciones, del diámetro de la misma), pudiendo estar revestidos con tubo de acero hueco, gunita u hormigón hueco, fibra de vidrio hueca o geomalla de baja rigidez transversal. En el caso de que el túnel de sacrificio (1) sea único, los resultados de los modelos numéricos llevados a cabo acotan que debe estar situado a una distancia de la clave del túnel principal (2) de entre 30% y el 50% de la altura del túnel o perforación principal; de considerarse la necesidad de que sean varios, se distribuirán en un plano horizontal de forma simétrica respecto de un plano vertical que contenga a la directriz del túnel principal (2) y la clave del mismo.The numerical models made in different types of terrain and rocky materials, show that the diameter of the sacrificial tunnel (1) must have a value between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel (2) (or in the case of perforations, of the diameter of the same), being able to be covered with hollow steel tube, gunite or hollow concrete, hollow fiberglass or low cross stiffness geogrid. In the event that the sacrificial tunnel (1) is unique, the results of the numerical models carried out indicate that it must be located at a distance from the key of the main tunnel (2) between 30% and 50% of the height of the tunnel or main perforation; If the need for several are considered, they will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane that contains the main tunnel guideline (2) and its key.
Ejemplificación ejemplarExemplary exemplification
La presente invención se ilustra adicionalmente mediante los siguientes dos ejemplos, que no pretenden ser limitativos de su alcance:The present invention is further illustrated by the following two examples, which are not intended to be limiting in scope:
Ejemplo 1Example 1
El túnel principal de 6 m de altura (con sección de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y revestimiento de gunita, se encuentra situado en un terreno de baja capacidad portante, el túnel de sacrificio es un tubo hueco circular de hormigón con elevada rigidez transversal (EI=2,25.104 KN.m2/ m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel principal, a 2.50 metros sobre la clave y con un radio de 0.25 metros.The 6 m high main tunnel (with half-point section and elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining, is located in a low bearing capacity, the sacrificial tunnel is a circular hollow concrete tube with high transverse stiffness (EI = 2.25.104 KN.m2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, at 2.50 meters above the key and with a radius of 0.25 meters.
Ejemplo 2Example 2
En un terreno con elevada capacidad de deformación, el túnel principal es de 6 metros de altura (con sección de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y revestimiento de gunita. El túnel de sacrificio sería de sección circular de tubo hueco de acero con rigidez transversal baja (EI = 1000 KN.m2/ m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel principal, a 2 metros sobre la clave y con un radio de 0,35 metros.In a terrain with high deformability, the main tunnel is 6 meters high (with a half-point section and an elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining. The sacrificial tunnel would be of circular section of hollow steel tube with low cross stiffness (EI = 1000 KN.m2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, 2 meters above the key and with a radius of 0.35 meters.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300 | 2009-12-09 | ||
| ES200902300A ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
| PCT/ES2010/000499 WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2660009T3 true ES2660009T3 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
Family
ID=44114497
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A Active ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
| ES10835511.6T Active ES2660009T3 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A Active ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2511472B1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2361702B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011070188A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE658228A (en) * | 1964-01-18 | 1965-04-30 | ||
| DE2320366A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | PROCESS FOR SECURING THE OUTBREAK AND LIMITING MOUNTAIN DEFORMATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN MANNICAL PRODUCTION OF TUBE-SHAPED CAVES |
| DE3501128C3 (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-11-12 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Sealing for the execution of underground structures |
| JP2955893B2 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1999-10-04 | 大成建設株式会社 | Ground reinforcement method |
| JP2648051B2 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1997-08-27 | 株式会社フジタ | Construction method of arch shell in tunnel precedent |
| JP2597298B2 (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1997-04-02 | アイサワ工業株式会社 | Preceding method for the ground in front of the tunnel face |
| JPH09328999A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Method for excavating large scale underground cavity |
| US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
| JP2005200992A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Ohbayashi Corp | Construction method for tunnel |
| FR2875015B1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2007-01-05 | Bouygues Travaux Publics Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS OF A GROUND CONSECUTIVE TO THE CREATION OF AN EXCAVATION EXTENDED IN THE FIELD |
-
2009
- 2009-12-09 ES ES200902300A patent/ES2361702B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-09 ES ES10835511.6T patent/ES2660009T3/en active Active
- 2010-12-09 EP EP10835511.6A patent/EP2511472B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-09 WO PCT/ES2010/000499 patent/WO2011070188A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2511472A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| ES2361702B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
| EP2511472A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| ES2361702A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| EP2511472B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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