EP4210372A1 - Uplink and/or downlink signaling related to different radio access technologies - Google Patents

Uplink and/or downlink signaling related to different radio access technologies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4210372A1
EP4210372A1 EP22216348.7A EP22216348A EP4210372A1 EP 4210372 A1 EP4210372 A1 EP 4210372A1 EP 22216348 A EP22216348 A EP 22216348A EP 4210372 A1 EP4210372 A1 EP 4210372A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rat
uplink
frequency channel
carrier
wireless communication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22216348.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Baldemair
Stefan Parkvall
Gunnar Mildh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority to EP22216348.7A priority Critical patent/EP4210372A1/en
Publication of EP4210372A1 publication Critical patent/EP4210372A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H04W28/20—Negotiating bandwidth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1215—Wireless traffic scheduling for collaboration of different radio technologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/2653—Demodulators with direct demodulation of individual subcarriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/12—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different phase modulations of a single carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0069—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink
    • H04W36/00698—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink using different RATs

Definitions

  • the proposed technology generally relates to a wireless communication device configured for operation in a wireless communication system and a method of operating a wireless communication device, and network unit(s) configured for operation in a wireless communication system and method(s) of operating a network unit, and a network unit configured to perform management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system and a corresponding method as well as corresponding computer programs and computer-program products and apparatuses.
  • Mobile and wireless communications technology is constantly evolving, introducing new and more advanced technologies for wireless communications.
  • next generation mobile communication technologies will be a key component of the so-called Networked Society and will help realizing the vision of substantially unlimited access to information and sharing of data anywhere and anytime.
  • 5G is an important step in the evolution of mobile communications.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NX new 5G radio access technologies
  • Key technology components may for example include extension to higher frequency bands, advanced multi-antenna transmission, and/or flexible spectrum usage.
  • Another object is to provide method(s) of operating a network unit in a wireless communication system.
  • Yet another object is to provide a network unit configured to perform management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • Still another object is to provide a method for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • Yet another object is to provide apparatus(es) for controlling operation(s) in a wireless communication device.
  • Still another object is to provide an apparatus for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • a wireless communication device configured for operation in a wireless communication system.
  • the wireless communication device is configured with an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT.
  • the wireless communication device is also configured with a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT.
  • the wireless communication device is further configured to transmit the UL carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the DL carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • a method of operating a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system comprises receiving and demodulating and/or decoding downlink, DL, signaling in a DL carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the method also comprises preparing uplink, UL, signaling for transmission in an uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT, and transmitting the UL signaling in the UL carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • a network unit configured for operation in a wireless communication system.
  • the network unit is a base station of a first radio access technology, RAT, and the network unit is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode an uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the network unit is further configured to transmit a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • a network unit configured for operation in a wireless communication system.
  • the network unit is a base station of a second radio access technology, RAT, and the network unit is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode an uplink, UL, carrier of a first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit is further configured to forward information related to the uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT to a base station of the first RAT.
  • a method of operating a network unit in a wireless communication system wherein the network unit is a base station of a first radio access technology, RAT.
  • the method comprises receiving and demodulating and/or decoding an uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT, and transmitting a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • a method of operating a network unit in a wireless communication system wherein the network unit is a base station of a second radio access technology, RAT.
  • the method comprises receiving and demodulating and/or decoding an uplink, UL, carrier of a first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT, and forwarding information related to the uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT to a base station of the first RAT.
  • a network unit configured to perform management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • the network unit is configured to determine a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • a method for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system comprises determining a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
  • a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
  • a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • a computer-program product comprising a computer-readable medium having stored thereon a computer program according to any of the ninth to eleventh aspects.
  • an apparatus for controlling operation(s) in a wireless communication device comprises an uplink, UL, configuration module for effectuating configuration(s) of the wireless communication device such that the wireless communication device is configured with an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, for transmission of the UL carrier in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • an uplink, UL, configuration module for effectuating configuration(s) of the wireless communication device such that the wireless communication device is configured with an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, for transmission of the UL carrier in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the apparatus also comprises a downlink, DL, configuration module for effectuating configuration(s) of the wireless communication device such that the wireless communication device is configured with a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT, for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of the DL carrier in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • a downlink, DL, configuration module for effectuating configuration(s) of the wireless communication device such that the wireless communication device is configured with a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT, for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of the DL carrier in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • an apparatus for controlling operation(s) in a network unit of a wireless communication system comprises a configuration module for effectuating configuration(s) of a network unit such that the network unit is configured for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • an apparatus for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system comprises a determination module for determining a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • Embodiments of the proposed technology enables interoperability between different radio access technologies, while allowing improved performance for users.
  • the proposed technology enables next generation scenarios where wireless communication devices does not need to have a high-frequency transmitter and/or enables reliable control signaling feedback at lower frequencies.
  • wireless communication device may refer to User Equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), equipped with radio communication capabilities, a smart phone, a laptop or Personal Computer (PC), equipped with an internal or external mobile broadband modem, a tablet with radio communication capabilities, a target device, a device to device UE, a machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine communication, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), Laptop Embedded Equipment (LEE), Laptop Mounted Equipment (LME), USB dongle, a portable electronic radio communication device, a sensor device equipped with radio communication capabilities or the like.
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • LEE Laptop Embedded Equipment
  • LME Laptop Mounted Equipment
  • USB dongle a portable electronic radio communication device, a sensor device equipped with radio communication capabilities or the like.
  • wireless communication device should be interpreted as a non-limiting term comprising any type of wireless device communicating with a network node in a wireless communication system and/or possibly communicating directly with another wireless communication device.
  • a wireless communication device may be any device equipped with circuitry for wireless communication according to any relevant standard for communication.
  • network unit may refer to any network unit configured for operation in and/or for managing and/or controlling a wireless communication system, including network nodes such as base stations, access points, relay nodes, network control nodes such as network controllers, radio network controllers, base station controllers, access controllers, and the like.
  • network nodes such as base stations, access points, relay nodes, network control nodes such as network controllers, radio network controllers, base station controllers, access controllers, and the like.
  • base station may encompass different types of radio base stations including standardized base station functions such as Node Bs, or evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and optionally also macro/micro/pico radio base stations, home base stations, also known as femto base stations, relay nodes, repeaters, radio access points, Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs), and even radio control nodes controlling one or more Remote Radio Units (RRUs), or the like.
  • base station may encompass different types of radio base stations including standardized base station functions such as Node Bs, or evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and optionally also macro/micro/pico radio base stations, home base stations, also known as femto base stations, relay nodes, repeaters, radio access points, Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs), and even radio control nodes controlling one or more Remote Radio Units (RRUs), or the like.
  • eNBs evolved Node Bs
  • RRUs Remote Radio Units
  • network unit may refer to any device located in connection with and/or for controlling and/or managing certain aspects of a wireless communication network, including but not limited to network units or devices in access networks, core networks and similar network structures.
  • network device may also encompass cloud-based network devices.
  • radio access technology generally relates to the underlying technology for providing and/or supporting radio access in a wireless network.
  • radio access technology may refer to the underlying physical connection method for a radio based communication network: Examples may include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G or Long Term Evolution, LTE, and 5G or Next Generation, NX.
  • carrier may refer to any physical and/or logical information carrying structure that enables conveying information over a radio medium.
  • carrier may refer to the radio signal(s) carrying information.
  • a carrier may be seen as a waveform that is modulated with an input signal for the purpose of conveying information at a given frequency or frequency channel.
  • frequency channel may refer to a specific interval in the overall radio frequency range that may be used for radio transmission and/or reception. Normally, a given frequency range, called operating band, is divided into a number of frequency channels. The frequency channels may be regarded as independent entities, and may belong to different operators. A frequency channel is typically defined by the location within the overall radio frequency range and has a bandwidth, sometimes referred to as channel bandwidth, defining the size of the frequency channel. Frequency channels may be defined in the downlink and/or uplink directions of communication.
  • channel may refer to a frequency channel having a given channel bandwidth, but may also refer to an information carrying structure for operation in a given frequency channel, possibly dedicated for control information and/or user information.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system comprising network units operating based on different radio access technologies and associated wireless communication devices configured for operation in the wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • a network unit 20 is configured to operate based on a first radio access technology, RAT and a network unit 30 is configured to operate based on a second RAT.
  • the wireless communication system also comprises wireless communication devices 10-1, 10-2, such as UEs, that are served by the network units 20, 30 and configured for uplink, UL, and/or downlink, DL, communication with the network units 20, 30.
  • the network unit 20 of the first RAT is configured to transmit a DL carrier in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the DL carrier of the first RAT is transmitted in a higher frequency range than the operating frequency of the second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10-1 is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the DL carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10-1 is configured to transmit an UL carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 20 is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the first RAT may be a 5G or NX RAT and the second RAT may be a RAT based on LTE, as will be discussed in detail later on.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of frequency channels used for uplink and downlink communication by a first radio access technology and a second radio access technology according to an embodiment.
  • the DL frequency channel of the first RAT is higher than the DL frequency channel (and the UL frequency channel) of the second RAT. It is also clear that the UL frequency channel of the first RAT is overlapping with the UL frequency channel of the second RAT. In a particular example, the UL frequency channel of the first RAT may even be the same as the UL frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • EMF electromagnetic field
  • the UL does not benefit so much from more spectrum since the total power is usually the same.
  • the DL in the base station on the other hand may be able to provide more power when getting more spectrum.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the overall structure and configuration a frequency channel that can be used for communication in a wireless communication system.
  • a frequency channel is defined by the location within the overall radio frequency range and has a channel bandwidth defining the size of the frequency channel.
  • Frequency channels may be defined in the downlink and/or uplink directions of communication. Normally, a frequency channel has two guard bands, one on each edge, enclosing and "guarding" the transmission bandwidth within the frequency channel.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device configured for operation in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless communication device 10 is configured with an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 is also configured with a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 is configured to transmit the UL carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 is also configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the DL carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 is configured to transmit uplink control information in an uplink, UL, control channel of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the uplink control information is related to the DL carrier.
  • the first RAT may for example be a 5G or NX RAT
  • the second RAT may for example be a RAT based on Long Term Evolution, LTE.
  • LTE-based RATs include all different types of RATs based on LTE.
  • a particularly useful application scenario involves any RAT based on LTE as the second RAT, and any higher generation RAT, irrespective of the specific label or naming of the RAT, as the first RAT, which at least for the downlink operates at a higher frequency.
  • LTE frequency channels may have a bandwidth selected from 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz bandwidth at various locations in the overall radio frequency range.
  • LTE frequency bands also referred to as operating bands
  • E-UTRA Operating Band Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high 1 1920 MHz - 1980 MHz 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz FDD 2 1850 MHz - 1910 MHz 1930 MHz - 1990 MHz FDD 3 1710 MHz - 1785 MHz 1805 MHz - 1880 MHz FDD 4 1710 MHz - 1755 MHz 2110 MHz - 2155 MHz FDD 5 824 MHz - 849 MHz 869 MHz - 894MHz FDD 61 830 MHz - 840 MHz 875 MHz - 885 MHz FDD 7 2500 MHz - 2570 MHz 2620 MHz - 2690
  • the 5G or NX frequency channels are expected to range from 1 MHz to 2 GHz bandwidth at a carrier frequency from sub-1GHz to around 100 GHz or higher.
  • LTE will play an important role for the overall wireless access solution, especially for frequency bands below 6 GHz, whereas 5G or NX will likely be mostly used above 6GHz, although there may be a gradual migration into existing spectrum.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may be configured to transmit the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may be configured to transmit the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one guard band of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may for example be configured to transmit the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one dedicated part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT inside the transmission bandwidth of the frequency channel.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may be configured to receive configuration information indicating the at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT to enable configuration of the wireless communication device for transmission of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the at least one specific part of the frequency channel.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may also be configured with a DL carrier and/or an UL carrier of the second RAT, based on Dual Connectivity or Multi-Connectivity procedures, as will be discussed later on. This is a likely scenario for multi-RAT capable UEs.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may for example be implemented based on processor-memory technology, where the wireless communication device 10 comprises a processor and a memory, and the memory comprises instructions executable by the processor, whereby the processor is operative to enable and/or support the operation of the wireless communication device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of network units 20, 30 configured for operation in a wireless communication system to enable communication with an associated wireless communication device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the network unit 20 is a base station of a first radio access technology, RAT.
  • the network unit 20 is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode an uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the network unit 20 is also configured to transmit a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 20 of the first RAT may be a base station specifically having an UL receiver for operation in the same or an overlapping frequency channel as the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 30 of the second RAT can also be serving the wireless communication device 10 based on the second RAT.
  • the network unit 30 may be a base station.
  • the wireless communication device 10 may be configured with a DL carrier and/or an UL carrier of the second RAT, based on Dual Connectivity.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of network units configured for operation in a wireless communication system to enable communication with an associated wireless communication device according to an embodiment.
  • the network unit 30, which is a base station of the second RAT, is configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode an uplink, UL, carrier of a first RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 30 is further configured to forward information related to the uplink, UL, carrier of the first RAT to the network unit 20 being a base station of the first RAT.
  • the network unit 20 of the first RAT may be configured to transmit a downlink, DL, carrier of the first RAT in a frequency channel of the first RAT that is higher than the frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 30 of the second RAT can also be serving the wireless communication device 10 based on the second RAT, based on Dual Connectivity.
  • the network unit 20 may for example be configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode uplink control information in an uplink, UL, control channel of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the uplink control information may be related to the DL carrier of the first RAT.
  • the first RAT may be a 5G or NX RAT
  • the second RAT may be a RAT based on Long Term Evolution, LTE.
  • the network unit 20 may thus be, e.g. a 5G/NX eNB and/or the network unit 30 may be, e.g. an LTE eNB.
  • the network unit 20 ( FIG. 5 ) and/or network unit 30 ( FIG. 6 ) may be configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 20/30 may be configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one guard band of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 20/30 may be configured to receive and demodulate and/or decode the UL carrier of the first RAT in at least one dedicated part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT inside the transmission bandwidth of the frequency channel.
  • the network unit 20/30 may further be configured to transmit configuration information indicating the at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT to at least one associated wireless communication device 10 to enable configuration of the wireless communication device(s) for transmission of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the at least one specific part of the frequency channel.
  • Each of the network units 20/30 may be based on a processor-memory implementation, where the network unit 20/30 comprises a processor and a memory, where the memory comprises instructions executable by the processor, whereby the processor is operative to enable and/or support the operation of the network unit. This will be discussed in further detail later on.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the determination of a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel, performed by an individual network unit or as part of a negotiation between different network units, and the corresponding configuration of associated wireless communication devices.
  • a network unit 20/30/40 configured to perform management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • the network unit 20/30/40 may be configured to determine a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • the first RAT may be a 5G or NX RAT and/or the second RAT may be a Long Term Evolution, LTE, based RAT.
  • the network unit 20/30/40 may be configured to determine said time and/or frequency resource split of the uplink frequency channel between an uplink control channel of the first RAT and one or more uplink channels of the second RAT.
  • the network unit 20/30 may be configured to participate in a negotiation of the resource split.
  • the network unit 20 may be configured for operation based on the first RAT, and configured to send information (BID) about the determined resource split to a network unit 30 of the second RAT and configured to receive an acknowledgment (ACK/ACCEPT) from the network unit 30 of the second RAT accepting the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel.
  • BID information about the determined resource split
  • ACK/ACCEPT acknowledgment
  • the network unit 20 may be a 5G or NX base station.
  • the network unit 30 may be configured for operation based on the second RAT, and configured to send information (BID) about the determined resource split to a network unit 20 of the first RAT and configured to receive an acknowledgment (ACK/ACCEPT) from the network unit of the first RAT accepting the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel.
  • BID information about the determined resource split
  • ACK/ACCEPT acknowledgment
  • the network unit 30 may be an LTE base station.
  • a rejection may be sent.
  • the rejection may be sent together with a counter-offer, or just as a simple rejection awaiting a new bid.
  • the negotiation may also be regarded as a simple hand-shake procedure, without involving the possibility of actually rejecting the determined resource split.
  • the network unit 20 and/or network unit 30 may be adapted to configure associated wireless communication devices 10-1 and/or 10-2 based on the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel, as will be discussed later on.
  • the resource split may be determined by a separate network unit 40, which may be configured for location in the access network, core network, OSS and/or even in a cloud-based network environment.
  • such a network unit 40 may be configured to inform a base station 20 of the first RAT and/or a base station 30 of the second RAT of the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel to enable configuration of wireless communication devices associated with the base station 20 of the first RAT and/or the base station 30 of the second RAT based on the determined resource split.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating an example of a method of operating a wireless communication device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • uplink control information may be transmitted in an uplink, UL, control channel of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the uplink control information may be related to the DL carrier.
  • the first RAT is a 5G or NX RAT
  • the second RAT is a RAT based on Long Term Evolution, LTE.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be transmitted in at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be transmitted in at least one guard band of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be transmitted in at least one dedicated part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT inside the transmission bandwidth of the frequency channel.
  • the wireless communication device also receives configuration information indicating the at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT to enable configuration of the wireless communication device for transmission of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the at least one specific part of the frequency channel.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating an example of a method of operating a network unit in a wireless communication system, wherein the network unit is a base station of a first radio access technology.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating another example of a method of operating a network unit in a wireless communication system, wherein the network unit is a base station of a second radio access technology.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • uplink control information may be received and demodulated and/or decoded in an uplink, UL, control channel of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the uplink control information may be related to a DL carrier of the first RAT.
  • the first RAT is a 5G or NX RAT
  • the second RAT is a RAT based on Long Term Evolution, LTE.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be received and demodulated and/or decoded in at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be received and demodulated and/or decoded in at least one guard band of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT.
  • the UL carrier of the first RAT may be received and demodulated and/or decoded in at least one dedicated part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT inside the transmission bandwidth of the frequency channel.
  • configuration information indicating the at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel of the second RAT is transmitted to at least one associated wireless communication device to enable configuration of the wireless communication device(s) for transmission of the UL carrier of the first RAT in the at least one specific part of the uplink frequency channel.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating an example of a method for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system.
  • the method comprises determining, in step S31, a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • the first RAT is a 5G or NX RAT and/or said second RAT is a Long Term Evolution, LTE, based RAT.
  • the determining step comprises determining the time and/or frequency resource split of the uplink frequency channel between an uplink control channel of the first RAT and one or more uplink channels of the second RAT.
  • the step of determining a time and/or frequency resource split may be part of a negotiation between a network unit of the first RAT and a network unit of the second RAT.
  • the method may be performed by the network unit of the first RAT, which sends information about the determined resource split to the network node of the second RAT and receives an acknowledgment from the network unit of the second RAT accepting the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel.
  • the method is performed by the network unit of the second RAT, which sends information about the determined resource split to the network node of the first RAT and receives an acknowledgment from the network unit of the first RAT accepting the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel.
  • the proposed technology also provides the possibility for wireless communication devices to be configured based on the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel.
  • the method may be performed by a network unit, which informs a base station of the first RAT and/or a base station of the second RAT of the determined resource split of the uplink frequency channel to enable configuration of wireless communication devices associated with the base station of the first RAT and/or the base station of the second RAT based on the determined resource split.
  • Multi-RAT integration and Multi-Connectivity features such as Dual Connectivity may also be of interest as a complementary part of the proposed technology.
  • Multi-Connectivity or Dual Connectivity procedures can be used to establish and maintain connectivity legs with radio nodes of different radio access technologies.
  • each RAT typically has its own RAN protocol stack and its own core networks where both core networks are linked via inter-node interfaces. It is however possible and/or desirable to provide a tighter integration of RATs.
  • a tight integration of LTE and NX is proposed, e.g. to enable seamless connectivity to LTE and NX for a given UE.
  • An example of a possible solution may involve RAN level integration, e.g. based on the LTE Rel-12 Dual Connectivity solution, with MAC layer integration (which would enable multi-RAT carrier aggregation) or RRC/PDCP layer integration for LTE and NX.
  • the integration layer may interact with the RAT specific lower layer protocols (for NX and LTE respectively).
  • tight integration aims to fulfill 5G user requirements such as very high data rates by user plane aggregation or ultra-reliability by user or control plane diversity.
  • User plane aggregation is particularly efficient if NX and LTE offer similar throughput for a particular user so that the aggregation can roughly double the throughput. The occurrence of these cases will depend on the allocated spectrum, the coverage and the load of the two radio accesses.
  • the tight integration also provide enhancements to existing multi-RAT features such as load balancing and service continuity due to the RAN level integration being transparent to the core network.
  • LTE and NX can be co-located (e.g., baseband being implemented in the same physical node AKA ideal backhaul) or non-co-located (e.g. baseband implemented in separate physical nodes).
  • UEs with dual radios there may for example be UEs with dual radios, one for each RAT, where each radio has a receiver and transmitter (RX/TX), and where these radios can be operated simultaneously.
  • RX/TX receiver and transmitter
  • Such UEs will be able to be fully connected to LTE and NX at the same time without requiring time division operation on lower layers. From a specification point, tight integration may be easier to specify for this UE type.
  • two transmitter chains (uplink) operating simultaneously introduces new challenges, including the need to split the limited TX power across the two TXs as well as possible intermodulation problems.
  • there may be UEs with dual RX but single TX as these are easier to implement.
  • the NX DL operates at higher frequencies and the NX UL operates at lower frequencies.
  • Possible reasons for this setup may for example be a terminal not supporting a high-frequency transmitter, insufficient uplink coverage at high frequencies, spectrum licensing, or power consumption in the terminal.
  • the NX UL may share UL frequency channel with another RAT, such as LTE.
  • the NX UL may be operated at low frequencies in an LTE UL channel, using NX waveform. In this way, NX UL and LTE UL may share resources to create transmission opportunities for NX. At high frequencies NX operates a DL carrier.
  • NX UL will be restricted to control information such as L1/L2 UL control signaling related to the NX DL and "user" UL data would be served via LTE (assuming the UE is connected to both LTE and NX).
  • control information such as L1/L2 UL control signaling related to the NX DL
  • "user" UL data would be served via LTE (assuming the UE is connected to both LTE and NX).
  • LTE long term
  • NX UL for DL heavy services one can even imagine that all NX UL is transmitted using NX UL.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the time-frequency grid of an LTE uplink frequency channel with PUSCH and PUCCH channels.
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • PUCCH resources for CSI are configured using the parameters cqi-PUCCH-Resourcelndex and cqi-PUCCH-ResourcelndexP1 (for antenna port 1, if present), respectively. Via this parameter it is possible to move PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b inside the carrier.
  • PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b is followed by ACK/NACK feedback and scheduling request using PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b and PUCCH Format 3.
  • the starting position of PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b in frequency domain can be configured via the parameter nRB-CQI. How far PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b extends inside the carrier depends on configuration but also changes dynamically, depending on the scheduling of users.
  • Resources for PUCCH Format 3 are configured via the parameter n3PUCCH-AN-List and n3PUCCH-AN-ListP1 (for antenna port 1, if present), respectively.
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • NX and LTE may use different transmission schemes or parametrization of the same transmission scheme that are not orthogonal towards each other but interfere with each other.
  • NX may transmit its UL in the guard bands of LTE. This is possible since in a wideband LTE carrier such as 10 and 20 MHz some more subcarriers can be squeezed in without violating the out-of-band emission requirements outside the channel bandwidth. If the data rate of NX UL requires more bandwidth, NX UL signaling has to move inwards and use frequencies originally occupied by LTE UL. To avoid interference the LTE UL should be reconfigured and leave frequencies used by NX UL empty, i.e. NX and LTE eNBs may negotiate and agree on an NX UL bandwidth and to reconfigure LTE to accommodate NX UL.
  • Solutions provide reliable control information such as HARQ feedback of NX at lower frequencies which is needed for good performance. It also enables scenarios where a UE does not have a high-frequency transmitter.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of how a NX uplink is transmitted in the guard band(s) of an LTE UL carrier according to an embodiment.
  • a UL channel For an NX carrier that operates its UL in lower frequencies a UL channel must be determined for its UL. For example, the NX eNB is informed of an LTE UL by an LTE eNB (e.g. via X2, or in case NX and LTE are served by the same node via intra-node communication) or receives this information from another node. Another solution is based on sensing.
  • NX can place the NX UL in the guard bands of the LTE UL carrier.
  • NX can apply filtering or windowing of its waveform.
  • LTE - since already specified - cannot do that.
  • NX is aware of that and can use extra robust transmissions, e.g. low rate channel coding, to protect its own UL.
  • NX UL If the resources required for NX UL exceed the capacity available in the guard bands also resources used within the active bandwidth (e.g. 18 MHz in a 20 MHz LTE carrier) must be used by NX UL, as will be exemplified below.
  • the NX eNB and the LTE eNB may negotiate and agree on a resource split in the UL channel between NX and LTE. If NX and LTE are served by the same node via intra-node communication, if they are two separate nodes they communicate via an external interface such as an X2 interface. Reference can once again be made to FIG. 7 . Even a third node can be involved in determining and/or negotiating the resource split.
  • LTE eNB and NX eNB may thus negotiate a resource split in the UL channel. After negotiation LTE eNB informs its served terminals about this configuration and NX eNB does the same with its served terminals. Alternatively (dashed line in FIG. 7 ), an LTE eNB may reconfigure NX UEs if NX UEs are also served by LTE (connected via LTE).
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of how a NX uplink is transmitted partly in the guard band(s) of an LTE UL carrier and partly also within the LTE transmission bandwidth according to an embodiment.
  • NX is still partly transmitted in the guard bands but also uses the most outward resources originally used by LTE UL.
  • parameters that may need to be reconfigured can include cqi-PUCCH-Resourcelndex, cqi-PUCCH-ResourcelndexP1, n3PUCCH-AN-List, n3PUCCH-AN-ListP1, and nRB-CQI. Not transmitting in the guard bands but only within the original LTE bandwidth is possible, too.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first example of how an NX uplink is transmitted within the LTE transmission bandwidth according to an embodiment.
  • the NX UL is placed between the PUCCH Format 2 and PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b/3 region.
  • Such a reconfiguration could include changes to the parameters n3PUCCH-AN-List, n3PUCCH-AN-ListP1, and nRB-CQI.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second example of how a NX uplink is transmitted within the LTE transmission bandwidth according to an embodiment.
  • NX UL in the LTE PUSCH region, i.e. inside PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b/3.
  • PUCCH may not necessarily be reconfigured but the LTE eNB must ensure not to schedule PUSCH transmission at resources used by NX UL.
  • the NX UL is located at the PUSCH edge, but it could be even within the PUSCH region.
  • the different solutions can also be combined, e.g. parts of NX UL are transmitted in LTE guard band and parts are transmitted within the LTE PUCCH region or within PUSCH region.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third example of how a NX uplink is transmitted within the LTE transmission bandwidth according to an embodiment.
  • a particular part of the LTE uplink frequency channel is also shared in the time domain between LTE UL and NX UL.
  • embodiments may be implemented in hardware, or in software for execution by suitable processing circuitry, or a combination thereof.
  • At least some of the steps, functions, procedures, modules and/or blocks described herein may be implemented in software such as a computer program for execution by suitable processing circuitry such as one or more processors or processing units.
  • processing circuitry includes, but is not limited to, one or more microprocessors, one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs), video acceleration hardware, and/or any suitable programmable logic circuitry such as one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or one or more Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • CPUs Central Processing Units
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • PLCs Programmable Logic Controllers
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device 100, based on a processor-memory implementation according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless communication device 100 comprises a processor 110 and a memory 120, the memory 120 comprising instructions executable by the processor 110, whereby the processor is operative to enable and/or support the operation of the wireless communication device.
  • the wireless communication device 100 may also include a communication circuit 130.
  • the communication circuit 130 may include functions for wired and/or wireless communication with other devices and/or network nodes in the network. In a particular example, the communication circuit 130 may be based on radio circuitry for communication with one or more other nodes, including transmitting and/or receiving information.
  • the communication circuit 130 may be interconnected to the processor 110 and/or memory 120.
  • the communication circuit 130 may include any of the following: a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, input/output (I/O) circuitry, input port(s) and/or output port(s).
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a network unit 200, based on a processor-memory implementation according to an embodiment.
  • the network unit 200 comprises a processor 210 and a memory 220, the memory 220 comprising instructions executable by the processor 210, whereby the processor is operative to enable and/or support the operation of the network unit.
  • the network unit 200 may also include a communication circuit 230.
  • the communication circuit 230 may include functions for wired and/or wireless communication with other devices and/or network nodes in the network. In a particular example, the communication circuit 230 may be based on radio circuitry for communication with one or more other nodes, including transmitting and/or receiving information.
  • the communication circuit 230 may be interconnected to the processor 210 and/or memory 220.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a computer-implementation 300 according to an embodiment.
  • a computer program 325; 335 which is loaded into the memory 320 for execution by processing circuitry including one or more processors 310.
  • the processor(s) 310 and memory 320 are interconnected to each other to enable normal software execution.
  • An optional input/output device 340 may also be interconnected to the processor(s) 310 and/or the memory 320 to enable input and/or output of relevant data such as input parameter(s) and/or resulting output parameter(s).
  • processor' should be interpreted in a general sense as any system or device capable of executing program code or computer program instructions to perform a particular processing, determining or computing task.
  • the processing circuitry including one or more processors 310 is thus configured to perform, when executing the computer program 325, well-defined processing tasks such as those described herein.
  • the processing circuitry does not have to be dedicated to only execute the above-described steps, functions, procedure and/or blocks, but may also execute other tasks.
  • the computer program 325; 335 comprises instructions, which when executed by at least one processor 310, cause the processor(s) 310 to:
  • the computer program 325; 335 comprises instructions, which when executed by at least one processor 310, cause the processor(s) 310 to effectuate configuration(s) of a network unit (20; 30) such that the network unit is configured for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • the computer program 325; 335 comprises instructions, which when executed by at least one processor 310, cause the processor(s) 310 to determine a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • the proposed technology also provides a carrier comprising the computer program, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the software or computer program 325; 335 may be realized as a computer program product, which is normally carried or stored on a computer-readable medium 320; 330, in particular a non-volatile medium.
  • the computer-readable medium may include one or more removable or non-removable memory devices including, but not limited to a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a Blu-ray disc, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory, a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) storage device, a flash memory, a magnetic tape, or any other conventional memory device.
  • the computer program may thus be loaded into the operating memory of a computer or equivalent processing device for execution by the processing circuitry thereof.
  • the flow diagram or diagrams presented herein may be regarded as a computer flow diagram or diagrams, when performed by one or more processors.
  • a corresponding apparatus may be defined as a group of function modules, where each step performed by the processor corresponds to a function module.
  • the function modules are implemented as a computer program running on the processor.
  • the computer program residing in memory may thus be organized as appropriate function modules configured to perform, when executed by the processor, at least part of the steps and/or tasks described herein.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus 400 for controlling operation(s) in a wireless communication device according to an embodiment.
  • the apparatus 400 comprises:
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus 500 for controlling operation(s) in a network unit of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the apparatus 500 comprises a configuration module 510 for effectuating configuration(s) of a network unit such that the network unit is configured for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • a configuration module 510 for effectuating configuration(s) of a network unit such that the network unit is configured for reception and demodulation and/or decoding of an uplink, UL, carrier of a first radio access technology, RAT, in an uplink frequency channel overlapping with the uplink frequency channel of a second RAT.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus 600 for management of time and/or frequency resources for radio communication in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the apparatus 600 comprises a determination module 610 for determining a time and/or frequency resource split of an uplink frequency channel between an uplink channel of a first radio access technology, RAT, and an uplink channel of a second RAT.
  • FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 and/or FIG. 24 it is possible to realize the module(s) in FIG. 22 , FIG. 23 and/or FIG. 24 predominantly by hardware modules, or alternatively by hardware, with suitable interconnections between relevant modules.
  • Particular examples include one or more suitably configured digital signal processors and other known electronic circuits, e.g. discrete logic gates interconnected to perform a specialized function, and/or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) as previously mentioned.
  • Other examples of usable hardware include input/output (I/O) circuitry and/or circuitry for receiving and/or sending signals.
  • I/O input/output circuitry and/or circuitry for receiving and/or sending signals.
  • the extent of software versus hardware is purely implementation selection.
  • computing services can be distributed or re-located to one or more separate physical nodes or servers.
  • the functionality may be re-located or distributed to one or more jointly acting physical and/or virtual machines that can be positioned in separate physical node(s), i.e. in the so-called cloud.
  • cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous on-demand network access to a pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, applications and general or customized services.
  • a network unit or Network Device may generally be seen as an electronic device being communicatively connected to other electronic devices in the network.
  • the network device may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination thereof.
  • the network device may be a special-purpose network device or a general purpose network device, or a hybrid thereof.
  • a special-purpose network device may use custom processing circuits and a proprietary operating system (OS), for execution of software to provide one or more of the features or functions disclosed herein.
  • OS operating system
  • a general purpose network device may use common off-the-shelf (COTS) processors and a standard OS, for execution of software configured to provide one or more of the features or functions disclosed herein.
  • COTS off-the-shelf
  • a special-purpose network device may include hardware comprising processing or computing resource(s), which typically include a set of one or more processors, and physical network interfaces (NIs), which sometimes are called physical ports, as well as non-transitory machine readable storage media having stored thereon software.
  • a physical NI may be seen as hardware in a network device through which a network connection is made, e.g. wirelessly through a wireless network interface controller (WNIC) or through plugging in a cable to a physical port connected to a network interface controller (NIC).
  • WNIC wireless network interface controller
  • NIC network interface controller
  • the software may be executed by the hardware to instantiate a set of one or more software instance(s).
  • Each of the software instance(s), and that part of the hardware that executes that software instance may form a separate virtual network element.
  • a general purpose network device may for example include hardware comprising a set of one or more processor(s), often COTS processors, and network interface controller(s) (NICs), as well as non-transitory machine readable storage media having stored thereon software.
  • the processor(s) executes the software to instantiate one or more sets of one or more applications.
  • one embodiment does not implement virtualization, alternative embodiments may use different forms of virtualization - for example represented by a virtualization layer and software containers.
  • one such alternative embodiment implements operating system-level virtualization, in which case the virtualization layer represents the kernel of an operating system (or a shim executing on a base operating system) that allows for the creation of multiple software containers that may each be used to execute one of a sets of applications.
  • each of the software containers also called virtualization engines, virtual private servers, or jails
  • a user space instance typically a virtual memory space.
  • the virtualization layer represents a hypervisor (sometimes referred to as a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)) or the hypervisor is executed on top of a host operating system; and 2) the software containers each represent a tightly isolated form of software container called a virtual machine that is executed by the hypervisor and may include a guest operating system.
  • VMM Virtual Machine Monitor
  • a hypervisor is the software/hardware that is responsible for creating and managing the various virtualized instances and in some cases the actual physical hardware.
  • the hypervisor manages the underlying resources and presents them as virtualized instances. What the hypervisor virtualizes to appear as a single processor may actually comprise multiple separate processors. From the perspective of the operating system, the virtualized instances appear to be actual hardware components.
  • a virtual machine is a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine; and applications generally do not know they are running on a virtual machine as opposed to running on a "bare metal" host electronic device, though some systems provide para-virtualization which allows an operating system or application to be aware of the presence of virtualization for optimization purposes.
  • the instantiation of the one or more sets of one or more applications as well as the virtualization layer and software containers if implemented, are collectively referred to as software instance(s).
  • Each set of applications, corresponding software container if implemented, and that part of the hardware that executes them (be it hardware dedicated to that execution and/or time slices of hardware temporally shared by software containers), forms a separate virtual network element(s).
  • the virtual network element(s) may perform similar functionality compared to Virtual Network Element(s) (VNEs). This virtualization of the hardware is sometimes referred to as Network Function Virtualization (NFV)).
  • NFV Network Function Virtualization
  • NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which could be located in data centers, NDs, and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE).
  • CPE Customer Premise Equipment
  • different embodiments may implement one or more of the software container(s) differently.
  • a hybrid network device which includes both custom processing circuitry/proprietary OS and COTS processors/standard OS in a network device, e.g. in a card or circuit board within a network device ND.
  • a platform Virtual Machine such as a VM that implements functionality of a special-purpose network device, could provide for para-virtualization to the hardware present in the hybrid network device.
  • wireless communication device and network unit related examples More specifically the followings are wireless communication device and network unit related examples:

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