EP3976463B1 - Automatic variable pitch propeller - Google Patents
Automatic variable pitch propeller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3976463B1 EP3976463B1 EP20737261.6A EP20737261A EP3976463B1 EP 3976463 B1 EP3976463 B1 EP 3976463B1 EP 20737261 A EP20737261 A EP 20737261A EP 3976463 B1 EP3976463 B1 EP 3976463B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- propeller
- pitch
- movable partition
- chamber
- compartment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 86
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 241000940835 Pales Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H3/00—Propeller-blade pitch changing
- B63H3/008—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by self-adjusting pitch, e.g. by means of springs, centrifugal forces, hydrodynamic forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H3/00—Propeller-blade pitch changing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H3/00—Propeller-blade pitch changing
- B63H3/06—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by use of non-mechanical actuating means, e.g. electrical
- B63H3/08—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by use of non-mechanical actuating means, e.g. electrical fluid
- B63H3/081—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by use of non-mechanical actuating means, e.g. electrical fluid actuated by control element coaxial with the propeller shaft
- B63H3/082—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by use of non-mechanical actuating means, e.g. electrical fluid actuated by control element coaxial with the propeller shaft the control element being axially reciprocatable
- B63H2003/084—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by use of non-mechanical actuating means, e.g. electrical fluid actuated by control element coaxial with the propeller shaft the control element being axially reciprocatable with annular cylinder and piston
Definitions
- variable pitch propellers generally concerns variable pitch propellers and, more particularly, a device for controlling the pitch of a variable pitch propeller. This description applies in particular to variable pitch propeller thrusters.
- Propeller thrusters are already widely used to set machines in motion, typically to navigate boats, to fly aircraft, etc.
- motorized propeller thrusters are usually fitted to small boats capable of traveling over a wide range of speeds.
- these thrusters are often equipped with variable pitch propellers, so that the pitch of the propeller increases as the speed of the boat increases. This makes it possible to maintain a substantially constant engine speed whatever the speed of the boat. This improves the efficiency of the propellant.
- the thruster then includes a system for controlling the pitch of the propeller in relation, typically, to the speed of the boat and/or in relation to a motor torque applied to a propeller shaft.
- the document US 5,219,272 describes a variable pitch marine thruster with hydrodynamic variation.
- the document JP S 59126798 U describes a variable pitch marine thruster with another example of a variation mechanism.
- One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of known pitch control devices for a variable pitch propeller.
- the invention provides a device comprising a variable pitch propeller and means adapted to modify the pitch of the propeller by Venturi effect.
- an external flow of a fluid generates, by Venturi effect, a depression in a first compartment of a chamber comprising one or more first orifices not parallel to an axis of rotation of the propeller, a variation of this depression causing a movement of a movable partition inside the chamber activating a mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller.
- a variation of a depression in the first compartment causes a modification of the pitch of the propeller.
- an increase in depression causes an increase in the pitch of the propeller.
- a reduction in depression causes a reduction in the pitch of the propeller.
- At least one additional part forms, relative to an external surface of the chamber, a constriction in the vicinity of this or these first orifices.
- the movable partition further delimits, inside the chamber, a second compartment communicating with the outside through one or more second orifices parallel to the axis of rotation of the propeller.
- the movable partition is linked to a return spring towards a position corresponding to an extreme value of the pitch of the propeller.
- the movable partition is a piston comprising an inclined surface, relative to the axis of rotation of the propeller, on which rests a cam adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller. helix.
- the movable partition is associated with a gear, consisting of a rack and a pinion, adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller.
- the propeller pitch modification mechanism modifies a blade pitch angle over an angular range less than 90°, preferably of the order of 15°.
- the propeller comprises at least two blades arranged radially and separated from the axis of rotation by a distance of approximately 35 mm, preferably equal to 35 mm, these blades having a length of approximately 240 mm , preferably equal to 240 mm.
- One embodiment provides a propulsion device comprising a device as described.
- One embodiment provides a human-powered boat comprising at least one propulsion device as described.
- One embodiment provides an energy recovery device, comprising a device as described.
- the expressions “approximately”, “approximately”, “substantially”, and “of the order of” mean to the nearest 10%, preferably to the nearest 5%.
- the embodiments described take for example a propeller fitted to a thruster. However, these embodiments apply more generally to any variable pitch propeller system in which similar problems arise, for example wind turbines or tidal turbines.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically and partially, in a side view and in section, an embodiment of a thruster 1 with an automatic variable pitch propeller.
- the propeller 1 comprises a propeller 11 consisting of two blades 111 and 112.
- the blades 111 and 112 are arranged in opposition, perpendicular to an axis 113 of rotation of the propeller 11.
- the axis 113 of rotation of propeller 11 is, in figure 1 , parallel to the cutting plane.
- the blades 111 and 112 are pivotally mounted relative to a common axis 115, perpendicular to the axis 113 of rotation of the propeller 11.
- the axis 115 around which the blades 111 and 112 of the propeller pivot 'helix 11, is, in figure 1 , oriented perpendicular to the cutting plane.
- a pivoting (or rotation) of the blades 111 and 112, around the axis 115, makes it possible to vary the pitch of the propeller 11 of the propeller 1.
- the pivoting, relative to the axis 115, of the blade 111 of the propeller 11 modifies a pitch angle ⁇ , or angle of attack, of the blade 111.
- the pivoting, relative to the axis 115, of the blade 112 of the propeller 11 modifies a pitch angle ⁇ , or angle of attack, of the blade 112.
- the propeller 1 is therefore equipped with a propeller 11 with variable pitch.
- the thruster 1 is a variable pitch thruster.
- the angle ⁇ corresponds, in this example, to an angle formed by a chord (straight line joining a leading edge to a trailing edge of a profile) of the blade 111 relative to a normal to the axes 113 and 115.
- the angle ⁇ corresponds, still in this example, to an angle formed by a chord of the blade 112 relative to a normal to the axes 113 and 115.
- the angle ⁇ of setting of the blade 112 has a value equal to that of the pitch angle ⁇ of the blade 111. This makes it possible to balance the rotation of the propeller 11 around the axis 113, thus limiting the appearance of vibrations.
- the speed ⁇ of rotation of the propeller 11 is, for example, imposed by a motor driving a shaft connected to the propeller 11.
- a motor driving a shaft connected to the propeller 11. the more the angles of attack ⁇ and ⁇ increase, for a speed ⁇ of rotation assumed to be constant, and the more the speed v of the flow increases.
- the thruster 1 comprises a body 13 in which a cavity (or recess) forming a chamber 15 is arranged.
- the body 13 of the thruster 1 has one or more orifices 131 not parallel to the axis 113 of rotation of the propeller 11.
- two orifices 131 are made in a direction perpendicular to the axis 113 of rotation of the propeller 11. The orifices 131 thus form through holes which open into the interior of the chamber 15.
- the chamber 15 comprises a first compartment 151 separated from a second compartment 153 by a movable partition 17 or piston.
- the first compartment 151 communicates, via the two orifices 131, with the exterior of the chamber 15.
- the second compartment 153 of the chamber 15 is, as for it, completely enclosed and therefore does not communicate with the outside of room 15.
- the propeller 1 is immersed in a fluid, for example water, constituting an external environment where the chamber 15 and the propeller 11 are placed in particular.
- the first compartment 151 of the chamber 15 is therefore, in figure 1 , filled with water. Water exchanges can thus occur freely, via the orifices 131 (or water intakes), between the interior and exterior of the chamber 15.
- the second compartment 153 is, still in this example, preferably filled with a gas, for example air.
- the movable partition 17 ensures, where appropriate, a dynamic seal between the first compartment 151 and the second compartment 153, so that the air contained in the second compartment 153 thus remains trapped there whatever the position of the movable partition 17. .
- the pressure P3 is chosen or adjusted such that at rest, that is to say for a zero flow speed v, the pressure P3 is lower than the pressure P1.
- the movable partition 17 thus occupies, for a zero speed v, a fallback position located near the front of propeller 1 (on the left, in figure 1 ).
- pressures P1 and P3 both tend to move piston 17 in opposite directions.
- the piston 17 therefore stops, at non-zero speed v, in a position resulting from a dynamic equilibrium established between the pressures P1 and P3.
- the movable partition 17 includes a rack 171 arranged parallel to the axis 113 of rotation of the propeller 11. On this rack 171 a pinion 173 meshes.
- the pinion 173 is, in figure 1 , held integral with the blade 111 of the propeller 11.
- the rack 171 is mounted such that a movement of the movable partition 17 towards the rear of the propeller 1 (towards the right, in figure 1 ) causes an increase in the pitch angle ⁇ of the blade 111.
- a similar mechanism (not shown), making it possible to modify the angle ⁇ of the blade 112 of the propeller 11, is also implemented.
- an increase in the speed v leads, by Venturi effect, to a reduction in the pressure P1 in the first compartment 151.
- This thus causes a movement of the movable partition 17 towards the rear of the propeller 1 (towards the right , in figure 1 ).
- This movement of the movable partition 17 tends, via the gear consisting of the rack 171 and the pinion 173, to increase the angle ⁇ of attack of the blade 111.
- a reduction in the speed v leads, by Venturi effect, to an increase in the pressure P1 in the first compartment 151. This thus causes a movement of the movable partition 17 towards the front of the propeller 1 (towards the left, in figure 1 ).
- This movement of the movable partition 17 tends, via the rack 171 and the pinion 173, to reduce the angle ⁇ of attack of the blade 111. Similar modifications take place, thanks to the movement of the movable partition 17, on the angle ⁇ of attack of the blade 112.
- the movement of the piston 17 in the chamber 15 between extremal positions thus leads to modifying the angles of attack ⁇ and ⁇ over an angular range less than 90°, from preferably around 15°.
- the thruster 1 is therefore equipped with a propeller 11 with automatic variable pitch.
- the thruster 1 is an automatic variable pitch thruster.
- the medium in which the propellant 1 is placed is air.
- the first compartment 151 of the chamber 15 is, where appropriate, filled with air.
- a flow of air along the body 13 of the propeller 1 causes, by Venturi effect, a depression in the first compartment 151. This depression tends, as explained previously, to shift the piston 17 towards the rear of the propeller 1 (towards the right, in figure 1 ), therefore to increase the pitch of the propeller 11.
- FIG. 2 illustrates schematically and partially, in a side view and in section, another embodiment of a propeller 2 with an automatic variable pitch propeller.
- the thruster 2 of the figure 2 includes common elements with the propeller 1 of the figure 1 . These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the thruster 2 of the figure 2 differs from propeller 1 of the figure 1 mainly in that the propeller 2 comprises at least one additional or additional part 135.
- This part 135 forms, relative to an external surface of the chamber 15, a constriction 137 tightening in the vicinity of the orifices 131.
- the constriction 137 is, in figure 2 , accentuated by a particular geometry (or curve, or shape) of the body 13 of the propeller 2 near the orifices 131.
- the part 135 is, for example, a crown surrounding the body 13 and fixed to the propeller 2 in several places (not shown in the sectional view).
- the restriction 137 is adapted to locally accelerate the flow of the fluid in the vicinity of the orifices 131.
- the fluid flows locally, in the vicinity of the orifices 131, at a speed greater than the overall speed v of the flow.
- This local acceleration of the flow makes it possible to accentuate the Venturi effect and thus increase the depression produced inside the first compartment 151 of the chamber 15.
- the pressure P1 prevailing in the first compartment 151 of the propellant 2 will therefore, at equal flow speed v, be lower than the pressure P1 reigning in the first compartment 151 of the propellant 1 ( figure 1 ).
- the second orifices 133 make it possible, when the flow speed v increases, to increase the pressure P3 reigning inside the second compartment 153 of the chamber 15. This results in an increase in the speed v causes not only a reduction, by Venturi effect, of the pressure P1, but also an increase of the pressure P3.
- the pressures P1 and P3 therefore both tend to move the piston 17 in the same direction, here towards the rear of the propeller 2 (towards the right, in figure 2 ), unlike the example of figure 1 where the pressures P1 and P3 tend to move the piston 17 in opposite directions.
- the spring 19 thus tends, by a restoring force directed parallel to the axis 113, to push the movable partition 17 towards the front of the propeller 2 (towards the left, in figure 2 ), in other words towards a position corresponding to an extreme value of the pitch of the propeller 11.
- the extreme value of the pitch of the propeller 11 is equivalent, in figure 2 , at a minimum step value also called “small step”.
- the pressures P1 and P3 are approximately equal.
- the position of piston 17 is then located at the front of propeller 1 (on the left, in figure 2 ), that is to say in the position which corresponds to the small pitch of the propeller 11.
- the piston 17 compresses the spring 19 by moving towards a corresponding position, in figure 2 , at a maximum value of the pitch, also called “large pitch”, of the propeller 11.
- An advantage of the embodiment presented in relation to the figure 2 lies in the fact that the pitch of the propeller 11 of the propeller 2 is regulated by a force of hydrodynamic origin, linked one-to-one to the speed of the flow.
- Another advantage of the embodiment of the figure 2 compared to that of the figure 1 is that it overcomes the constraint of maintaining a dynamic seal between the compartments 151 and 153 of the chamber 15.
- the compartments 151 and 153 can, in fact, exchange small quantities of water, at regard to the volumes of compartments 151 and 153, without this disrupting the operation of the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller 11. This makes it possible in particular to relax possible precision constraints in the manufacture of the chamber 15 and of piston 17.
- the propellant described in figure 1 or 2 further comprises a mechanism for automatically modifying the pitch of the propeller 11 consisting of a small number of components.
- This thruster 2 is therefore generally simpler to design, produce and develop than existing automatic variable pitch thrusters.
- FIG. 3 illustrates schematically and partially, through side and sectional views (A) and (B), yet another embodiment of a propeller 3 with an automatic variable pitch propeller.
- the thruster 3 of the Figure 3 includes common elements with the propeller 2 of the figure 2 . These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the thruster 3 of the Figure 3 differs from propeller 2 of the figure 2 mainly in that it is devoid of the gear consisting of the rack 171 ( figure 2 ) and pinion 173 ( figure 2 ).
- the piston 17 has an inclined surface 175, or inclined pan, relative to the axis 113 of rotation of the propeller.
- a cam 177 is adapted to carry (or roll, or slide) against the surface 175 to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller 11.
- the cam 177 is mounted at one end of a lever 179.
- the other end of the lever 179 is held integral with the blade 111 of the propeller 11, or with the pivot axis 115.
- the gear consisting of the rack 171 ( figure 2 ) and pinion 173 ( figure 2 ) is replaced, in Figure 3 , by the inclined surface 175 of the piston 17, the cam 177 and the lever 179.
- Views A and B show different pitch positions.
- a thruster such as the thruster 3 is particularly suitable for equipping low-power boats, for example human-powered boats, where maximum efficiency from the propeller 11 is sought. We can then easily adapt the regulation of the pitch of the propeller 11 according to the physical capabilities of a user of the boat, for example by installing a spring 19 having a different stiffness constant, or by modifying the shape of the cam 177.
- FIG. 4 represents, through perspective and cutaway views A and B, yet another embodiment of a propeller 4 with an automatic variable pitch propeller.
- Views A and B show different pitch positions.
- the thruster 4 of the figure 4 includes common elements with the propeller 3 of the Figure 3 . These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the thruster 4 of the figure 4 differs from propeller 3 of the Figure 3 mainly in that piston 17 drives a drawer 47 in translation.
- This drawer 47 actuates a lever 45 connected to the blade 111.
- Another lever 45 (not shown) is also connected to the blade 112.
- the body 13 of the propeller 4 is, in Figure 4 , consisting of a hub 130 fitting into a cone 132. On the cone 132 is fixed the part 135 making it possible to accentuate the depression, caused by the Venturi effect, in the vicinity of the first orifices 131.
- the propeller 11 is fixed on a propeller shaft 43 passing through a mounting part 41 to the system with which it is associated, for example a boat (not shown).
- the propeller 4 is, in view A, shown in a position where the spring 19 is relaxed. This position corresponds to the small pitch of propeller 11.
- the propeller 4 is, in view B, shown in a position where the spring 19 is completely compressed. This position corresponds to the large pitch of propeller 11.
- FIG. 5 represents an example of a boat equipped with an automatic variable pitch propeller propeller.
- a boat 7 (for example, a human-powered boat or pedal boat) comprises at least one propeller 4 with an automatic variable pitch propeller, for example a single propeller 4.
- the propeller 4 is fixed to a hull 71 of the boat 7
- the boat 7 is provided with a transmission 73 adapted to modify the rotation speed of the propeller 11 of the propeller 4.
- the boat 7 also has foils 77 or profiled wings adjustable via a control device 75 or feeler 75 making it possible to gauge the depth of the boat 7 relative to the surface of the water.
- the propeller 4 allows the boat 7 to sail on the water.
- the propeller 4 is placed in a flow of water whose overall speed v is equal to a speed of movement of the boat 7 on the water.
- the pitch of the propeller 11 of the propeller 4 is thus adapted or controlled as a function of the speed of movement of the boat 7. This allows, for example, a user of the boat 7, causing the rotation of the propeller 11 with the strength of his legs, to maintain a substantially constant pedaling cadence whatever the speed of movement of the boat 7.
- FIG. 6 represents, partially, an embodiment of a thruster propeller 11.
- the blade 111 of the propeller 11 has dimensions adapted according to the application.
- the blade 112, partially represented in Figure 6 preferably has dimensions identical to those of the blade 111.
- the blade 111 has a length, denoted LP, of approximately 240 mm, preferably equal to 240 mm.
- the propeller 11 rotates, at an angular speed ⁇ , around an axis 113 of rotation, as explained previously in relation to the figures 1 to 5 .
- a lower end 1111 of the blade 111 is arranged, relative to this axis of rotation 113, at a distance, denoted DA, of approximately 35 mm, preferably equal to 35 mm.
- a lower end 1121 of the blade 112 is arranged, relative to the axis of rotation 113, at a distance DA of approximately 35 mm, of preferably equal to 35 mm.
- the lower ends 1111 and 1121 of the blades 111 and 112, respectively, are approximately equidistant from the axis of rotation 113, preferably equidistant from the axis of rotation 113.
- the lower ends 1111 and 1121 are also called “blade roots”.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description
La présente demande de brevet revendique la priorité de la demande de brevet français
La présente description concerne de façon générale les hélices à pas variable et, plus particulièrement, un dispositif de commande du pas d'une hélice à pas variable. La présente description s'applique notamment à des propulseurs à hélice à pas variable.The present description generally concerns variable pitch propellers and, more particularly, a device for controlling the pitch of a variable pitch propeller. This description applies in particular to variable pitch propeller thrusters.
Des propulseurs à hélice sont déjà largement utilisés pour mettre en mouvement des engins, typiquement pour faire naviguer des embarcations, pour faire voler des aéronefs, etc. Par exemple, des propulseurs à hélice motorisés équipent usuellement de petites embarcations susceptibles de voguer sur une large plage de vitesses. Le cas échéant, ces propulseurs sont souvent équipés d'hélices à pas variable, de sorte que le pas de l'hélice augmente à mesure que la vitesse de l'embarcation croît. Cela permet de maintenir un régime moteur sensiblement constant quelle que soit la vitesse de l'embarcation. On améliore ainsi un rendement du propulseur.Propeller thrusters are already widely used to set machines in motion, typically to navigate boats, to fly aircraft, etc. For example, motorized propeller thrusters are usually fitted to small boats capable of traveling over a wide range of speeds. Where applicable, these thrusters are often equipped with variable pitch propellers, so that the pitch of the propeller increases as the speed of the boat increases. This makes it possible to maintain a substantially constant engine speed whatever the speed of the boat. This improves the efficiency of the propellant.
La modification du pas de l'hélice d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable s'effectue généralement de façon automatique. Le propulseur comporte alors un système d'asservissement du pas de l'hélice par rapport, typiquement, à la vitesse de l'embarcation et/ou par rapport à un couple moteur appliqué sur un arbre d'hélice.Changing the pitch of the propeller of a controllable pitch propeller thruster is generally carried out automatically. The thruster then includes a system for controlling the pitch of the propeller in relation, typically, to the speed of the boat and/or in relation to a motor torque applied to a propeller shaft.
Parmi les systèmes d'asservissement de pas d'hélice les plus répandus, on trouve notamment des systèmes hydrauliques, électriques, mécaniques ou hydrodynamiques. Ces systèmes, souvent onéreux et d'un fonctionnement très sensible, sont aussi complexes à concevoir et à réaliser. Leur mise au point soulève, en particulier, de nombreuses problématiques d'étanchéité. De plus, ils ne permettent généralement pas d'obtenir un asservissement satisfaisant du pas de l'hélice sur l'intégralité de la plage de vitesses de l'embarcation.Among the most common propeller pitch control systems, we find hydraulic, electrical, mechanical or hydrodynamic systems. These systems, often expensive and very sensitive to operate, are also complex to design and build. Their development raises, in particular, numerous waterproofing issues. In addition, they generally do not make it possible to obtain satisfactory control of the propeller pitch over the entire speed range of the boat.
Il existe, en outre, des systèmes d'asservissement de pas d'hélice à commande manuelle. Ces systèmes manuels, bien que de constitution souvent moins complexe que les systèmes automatiques évoqués ci-dessus, requièrent néanmoins un réglage très délicat de la part du pilote de l'embarcation. Les systèmes manuels de modification du pas d'hélice sont donc, en pratique, difficilement exploitables ce qui les rend peu commodes d'utilisation par un large public.There are, in addition, manually controlled propeller pitch servo systems. These manual systems, although often less complex than the automatic systems mentioned above, nevertheless require very delicate adjustment on the part of the pilot of the boat. Manual propeller pitch modification systems are therefore, in practice, difficult to use, which makes them difficult to use by a wide audience.
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Il existe un besoin d'améliorer les dispositifs de commande de pas d'une hélice à pas variable existants.There is a need to improve the existing pitch control devices of a variable pitch propeller.
Un mode de réalisation pallie tout ou partie des inconvénients des dispositifs de commande de pas d'une hélice à pas variable connus.One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of known pitch control devices for a variable pitch propeller.
L'invention prévoit un dispositif comportant une hélice à pas variable et des moyens adaptés à modifier le pas de l'hélice par effet Venturi.The invention provides a device comprising a variable pitch propeller and means adapted to modify the pitch of the propeller by Venturi effect.
Selon l'invention, un écoulement externe d'un fluide engendre, par effet Venturi, une dépression dans un premier compartiment d'une chambre comportant un ou plusieurs premiers orifices non parallèles à un axe de rotation de l'hélice, une variation de cette dépression provoquant un déplacement d'une cloison mobile à l'intérieur de la chambre actionnant un mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice.According to the invention, an external flow of a fluid generates, by Venturi effect, a depression in a first compartment of a chamber comprising one or more first orifices not parallel to an axis of rotation of the propeller, a variation of this depression causing a movement of a movable partition inside the chamber activating a mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller.
Un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif comprenant :
- une hélice à pas variable ;
- une chambre comportant un ou plusieurs premiers orifices non parallèles à un axe de rotation de l'hélice ;
- une cloison mobile délimitant, à l'intérieur de la chambre, un premier compartiment communiquant avec l'extérieur par ce ou ces premiers orifices ; et
- un mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice, associé à la cloison mobile.
- a variable pitch propeller;
- a chamber comprising one or more first orifices not parallel to an axis of rotation of the propeller;
- a movable partition delimiting, inside the chamber, a first compartment communicating with the outside through this or these first orifices; And
- a mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller, associated with the movable partition.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une variation d'une dépression, dans le premier compartiment, entraîne une modification du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, a variation of a depression in the first compartment causes a modification of the pitch of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une augmentation de la dépression provoque une augmentation du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, an increase in depression causes an increase in the pitch of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une diminution de la dépression provoque une diminution du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, a reduction in depression causes a reduction in the pitch of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins une pièce supplémentaire forme, par rapport à une surface externe de la chambre, un étranglement au voisinage de ce ou ces premiers orifices.According to one embodiment, at least one additional part forms, relative to an external surface of the chamber, a constriction in the vicinity of this or these first orifices.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cloison mobile délimite en outre, à l'intérieur de la chambre, un deuxième compartiment communiquant avec l'extérieur par un ou plusieurs deuxièmes orifices parallèles à l'axe de rotation de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, the movable partition further delimits, inside the chamber, a second compartment communicating with the outside through one or more second orifices parallel to the axis of rotation of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cloison mobile est liée à un ressort de rappel vers une position correspondant à une valeur extrémale du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, the movable partition is linked to a return spring towards a position corresponding to an extreme value of the pitch of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cloison mobile est un piston comportant une surface inclinée, par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'hélice, sur laquelle vient s'appuyer une came adaptée à actionner le mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, the movable partition is a piston comprising an inclined surface, relative to the axis of rotation of the propeller, on which rests a cam adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller. helix.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cloison mobile est associée à un engrenage, constitué d'une crémaillère et d'un pignon, adapté à actionner le mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice.According to one embodiment, the movable partition is associated with a gear, consisting of a rack and a pinion, adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice modifie un angle de calage de pales sur une plage angulaire inférieure à 90°, de préférence de l'ordre de 15°.According to one embodiment, the propeller pitch modification mechanism modifies a blade pitch angle over an angular range less than 90°, preferably of the order of 15°.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'hélice comporte au moins deux pales disposées radialement et séparées de l'axe de rotation par une distance d'environ 35 mm, de préférence égale à 35 mm, ces pales possédant une longueur d'environ 240 mm, de préférence égale à 240 mm.According to one embodiment, the propeller comprises at least two blades arranged radially and separated from the axis of rotation by a distance of approximately 35 mm, preferably equal to 35 mm, these blades having a length of approximately 240 mm , preferably equal to 240 mm.
Un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif propulseur comportant un dispositif tel que décrit.One embodiment provides a propulsion device comprising a device as described.
Un mode de réalisation prévoit une embarcation à propulsion humaine comportant au moins un dispositif propulseur tel que décrit.One embodiment provides a human-powered boat comprising at least one propulsion device as described.
Un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif de récupération d'énergie, comportant un dispositif tel que décrit.One embodiment provides an energy recovery device, comprising a device as described.
Ces caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres, seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :
- la
figure 1 illustre de façon schématique et partielle, par une vue latérale et en coupe, un mode de réalisation d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable automatique ; - la
figure 2 illustre de façon schématique et partielle, par une vue latérale et en coupe, un autre mode de réalisation d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable automatique ; - la
figure 3 illustre de façon schématique et partielle, par des vues (A) et (B) latérales et en coupe, encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable automatique ; - la
figure 4 représente, par des vues (A) et (B) en perspective et en écorché, encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable automatique ; - la
figure 5 représente un exemple d'embarcation équipée d'un propulseur à hélice à pas variable automatique ; et - la
figure 6 représente, de façon partielle, un mode de réalisation d'une hélice de propulseur.
- there
figure 1 illustrates schematically and partially, in a side view and in section, an embodiment of an automatic variable pitch propeller thruster; - there
figure 2 illustrates schematically and partially, in a side view and in section, another embodiment of an automatic variable pitch propeller thruster; - there
Figure 3 illustrates schematically and partially, through side and sectional views (A) and (B), yet another embodiment of an automatic variable pitch propeller thruster; - there
Figure 4 represents, through perspective and cutaway views (A) and (B), yet another embodiment of an automatic variable pitch propeller thruster; - there
figure 5 represents an example of a boat equipped with an automatic variable pitch propeller propeller; And - there
Figure 6 partially represents an embodiment of a thruster propeller.
De mêmes éléments ont été désignés par de mêmes références dans les différentes figures. En particulier, les éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différents modes de réalisation peuvent présenter les mêmes références et peuvent disposer de propriétés structurelles, dimensionnelles et matérielles identiques.The same elements have been designated by the same references in the different figures. In particular, the structural and/or functional elements common to the different embodiments may have the same references and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.
Par souci de clarté, seuls les étapes et éléments utiles à la compréhension des modes de réalisation décrits ont été représentés et sont détaillés.For the sake of clarity, only the steps and elements useful for understanding the embodiments described have been represented and are detailed.
Sauf précision contraire, lorsque l'on fait référence à deux éléments connectés entre eux, cela signifie directement connectés sans éléments intermédiaires autres que des conducteurs, et lorsque l'on fait référence à deux éléments reliés ou couplés entre eux, cela signifie que ces deux éléments peuvent être connectés ou être reliés ou couplés par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs autres éléments.Unless otherwise specified, when we refer to two elements connected to each other, this means directly connected without intermediate elements other than conductors, and when we refer to two elements connected or coupled to each other, this means that these two elements can be connected or be linked or coupled via one or more other elements.
Dans la description qui suit, lorsque l'on fait référence à des qualificatifs de position absolue, tels que les termes "avant", "arrière", "haut", "bas", "gauche", "droite", etc., ou relative, tels que les termes "dessus", "dessous", "supérieur", "inférieur", etc., ou à des qualificatifs d'orientation, tels que les termes "horizontal", "vertical", etc., il est fait référence sauf précision contraire à l'orientation des figures ou à une embarcation ou un propulseur dans une position normale d'utilisation.In the following description, when referring to absolute position qualifiers, such as "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., or relative, such as the terms "above", "below", "superior", "lower", etc., or to qualifiers of orientation, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., it Unless otherwise specified, reference is made to the orientation of the figures or to a boat or propeller in a normal position of use.
Sauf précision contraire, les expressions "environ", "approximativement", "sensiblement", et "de l'ordre de" signifient à 10 % près, de préférence à 5 % près.Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "approximately", "substantially", and "of the order of" mean to the nearest 10%, preferably to the nearest 5%.
Les modes de réalisation décrits prennent pour exemple une hélice équipant un propulseur. Toutefois, ces modes de réalisation s'appliquent plus généralement à tout système à hélice à pas variable dans lequel des problèmes similaires se posent, par exemple des éoliennes ou hydroliennes.The embodiments described take for example a propeller fitted to a thruster. However, these embodiments apply more generally to any variable pitch propeller system in which similar problems arise, for example wind turbines or tidal turbines.
La
Selon ce mode de réalisation, le propulseur 1 comporte une hélice 11 constituée de deux pales 111 et 112. Les pales 111 et 112 sont disposées en opposition, perpendiculairement à un axe 113 de rotation de l'hélice 11. L'axe 113 de rotation de l'hélice 11 est, en
Un pivotement (ou rotation) des pales 111 et 112, autour de l'axe 115, permet de faire varier le pas de l'hélice 11 du propulseur 1. En particulier, le pivotement, par rapport à l'axe 115, de la pale 111 de l'hélice 11 modifie un angle θ de calage, ou angle d'attaque, de la pale 111. De même, le pivotement, par rapport à l'axe 115, de la pale 112 de l'hélice 11 modifie un angle α de calage, ou angle d'attaque, de la pale 112. Le propulseur 1 est donc doté d'une hélice 11 à pas variable. En d'autres termes, le propulseur 1 est un propulseur à pas variable.A pivoting (or rotation) of the
L'angle θ correspond, dans cet exemple, à un angle formé par une corde (droite joignant un bord d'attaque à un bord de fuite d'un profil) de la pale 111 par rapport à une normale aux axes 113 et 115. De même, l'angle α correspond, toujours dans cet exemple, à un angle formé par une corde de la pale 112 par rapport à une normale aux axes 113 et 115. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'angle α de calage de la pale 112 possède une valeur égale à celle de l'angle θ de calage de la pale 111. Cela permet d'équilibrer la rotation de l'hélice 11 autour de l'axe 113, limitant ainsi l'apparition de vibrations.The angle θ corresponds, in this example, to an angle formed by a chord (straight line joining a leading edge to a trailing edge of a profile) of the
En supposant que l'on regarde le propulseur 1 depuis sa partie arrière vers sa partie avant (de la droite vers la gauche, en
- d'un éventuel mouvement du milieu dans lequel se trouve le propulseur (courant du fluide) ;
- du profil (ou géométrie) des pales 111
et 112 ; - d'une vitesse ω de rotation (ou vitesse angulaire) de l'hélice 11 autour de l'axe 113 ; et
- du pas de l'hélice 11, c'est-à-dire des angles θ et α de calage respectivement modifiés par pivotement (flèche 116) des pales 111
et 112 autour de l'axe 115.
- a possible movement of the medium in which the propellant is located (fluid current);
- the profile (or geometry) of the
111 and 112;blades - a speed ω of rotation (or angular speed) of the
propeller 11 around theaxis 113; And - of the pitch of the
propeller 11, that is to say the pitch angles θ and α respectively modified by pivoting (arrow 116) of the 111 and 112 around theblades axis 115.
La vitesse ω de rotation de l'hélice 11 est, par exemple, imposée par un moteur entraînant un arbre relié à l'hélice 11. Dans l'exemple de la
Dans l'exemple de la
Selon un mode de réalisation, la chambre 15 comporte un premier compartiment 151 séparé d'un deuxième compartiment 153 par une cloison mobile 17 ou piston. Dans l'exemple de la
Dans l'exemple de la
On considère un écoulement du fluide le long du corps 13, par exemple provoqué par un déplacement du propulseur 1 dans le milieu, typiquement sous l'effet d'une rotation, autour de l'axe 113, des deux pales 111 et 112 de l'hélice 11. Un tel écoulement provoque, par effet Venturi, une dépression à l'intérieur du premier compartiment 151 de la chambre 15. En supposant qu'une pression P1 règne dans le premier compartiment 151 et qu'une pression P3 règne dans le deuxième compartiment 153, la valeur de la pression P1 diminue (la dépression augmente) alors à mesure que la vitesse v d'écoulement de l'eau croît. Inversement, la valeur de la pression P1 augmente (la dépression diminue) à mesure que la vitesse v d'écoulement de l'eau décroît.We consider a flow of fluid along the
La pression P3 est choisie ou réglée de telle sorte qu'au repos, c'est-à-dire pour une vitesse v d'écoulement nulle, la pression P3 soit inférieure à la pression P1. La cloison mobile 17 occupe ainsi, pour une vitesse v nulle, une position de repli située près de l'avant du propulseur 1 (à gauche, en
On suppose que la pression P1 diminue, par augmentation de la vitesse v, jusqu'à devenir inférieure à la pression P3. La cloison mobile 17 est alors repoussée (ou aspirée) vers l'arrière du propulseur 1 (vers la droite, en
On suppose maintenant que la pression P1 augmente, par diminution de la vitesse v, jusqu'à devenir supérieure à la pression P3. La cloison mobile 17 est alors ramenée vers l'avant du propulseur 1 (vers la gauche, en
En résumé, les pressions P1 et P3 tendent toutes deux à déplacer le piston 17 dans des directions opposées. Le piston 17 s'immobilise donc, à vitesse v non nulle, dans une position résultant d'un équilibre dynamique s'établissant entre les pressions P1 et P3.In summary, pressures P1 and P3 both tend to move
Selon le mode de réalisation exposé en relation avec la
Comme mentionné précédemment, une augmentation de la vitesse v conduit, par effet Venturi, à une diminution de la pression P1 dans le premier compartiment 151. Cela provoque ainsi un déplacement de la cloison mobile 17 vers l'arrière du propulseur 1 (vers la droite, en
On peut donc, par effet Venturi, modifier automatiquement l'angle d'attaque des pales 111 et 112 en fonction de la vitesse v d'écoulement de l'eau autour du propulseur 1. En d'autres termes, la cloison mobile 17 permet, en se déplaçant, d'asservir le pas de l'hélice 11 en fonction de la vitesse v. Le propulseur 1 est donc bien doté d'une hélice 11 à pas variable automatique. En d'autres termes, le propulseur 1 est un propulseur à pas variable automatique.We can therefore, by Venturi effect, automatically modify the angle of attack of the
En variante, le milieu dans lequel est placé le propulseur 1 est de l'air. Le premier compartiment 151 de la chambre 15 est, le cas échéant, rempli d'air. Un écoulement d'air le long du corps 13 du propulseur 1 provoque, par effet Venturi, une dépression dans le premier compartiment 151. Cette dépression tend, comme exposé précédemment, à décaler le piston 17 vers l'arrière du propulseur 1 (vers la droite, en
La
Le propulseur 2 de la
Le propulseur 2 de la
L'étranglement 137 est adapté à accélérer localement l'écoulement du fluide au voisinage des orifices 131. En d'autres termes, le fluide s'écoule localement, à proximité des orifices 131, à une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse v d'ensemble de l'écoulement. Cette accélération locale de l'écoulement permet d'accentuer l'effet Venturi et d'augmenter ainsi la dépression produite à l'intérieur du premier compartiment 151 de la chambre 15. Dans l'exemple de la
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le propulseur 2 comporte également, outre les deux premiers orifices 131, un ou plusieurs deuxièmes orifices 133 parallèles à l'axe 113 de rotation de l'hélice 11. En
le premier compartiment 151 communique, via les deuxpremiers orifices 131, avec l'extérieur de la chambre 15 ; et- le deuxième compartiment 153 communique, via les deux deuxièmes
orifices 133, avec l'extérieur de la chambre 15. Le deuxième compartiment 153 est alors, enfigure 2 , empli non plus d'air comme enfigure 1 , mais d'eau.
- the
first compartment 151 communicates, via the first twoorifices 131, with the exterior of thechamber 15; And - the
second compartment 153 communicates, via the twosecond orifices 133, with the exterior of thechamber 15. Thesecond compartment 153 is then, infigure 2 , no longer filled with air as infigure 1 , but water.
Les deuxièmes orifices 133 permettent, lorsque la vitesse v d'écoulement croît, de faire augmenter la pression P3 régnant à l'intérieur du deuxième compartiment 153 de la chambre 15. Il en résulte qu'un accroissement de la vitesse v entraîne non seulement une diminution, par effet Venturi, de la pression P1, mais aussi une augmentation de la pression P3. Dans l'exemple de la
Afin de contraindre ou limiter ce déplacement du piston 17, le propulseur 2 de la
- d'une part sur une surface du
piston 17 délimitant lepremier compartiment 151 de la chambre 15 ; et - d'autre part sur une face interne du compartiment 151 située à l'arrière du propulseur 2.
- on the one hand on a surface of the
piston 17 delimiting thefirst compartment 151 of thechamber 15; And - on the other hand on an internal face of
compartment 151 located at the rear ofpropeller 2.
Le ressort 19 tend ainsi, par une force de rappel dirigée parallèlement à l'axe 113, à pousser la cloison mobile 17 vers l'avant du propulseur 2 (vers la gauche, en
On se ramène ainsi à un fonctionnement équivalent à celui de la
- d'une part les pressions P1 et P3, qui tendent à repousser le
piston 17 vers l'arrière du propulseur (vers la droite, enfigure 2 ) ; et - d'autre part la force exercée par le ressort 19 de rappel, qui tend à ramener le
piston 17 vers l'avant du propulseur (vers la gauche, enfigure 2 ).
- on the one hand the pressures P1 and P3, which tend to push the
piston 17 towards the rear of the propeller (towards the right, infigure 2 ) ; And - on the other hand the force exerted by the
spring 19 of return, which tends to bringpiston 17 towards the front of the propeller (towards the left, infigure 2 ).
À vitesse v nulle, les pressions P1 et P3 sont sensiblement égales. La position du piston 17 est alors située à l'avant du propulseur 1 (à gauche, en
Un avantage du mode de réalisation exposé en relation avec la
Un autre avantage du mode de réalisation de la
Le propulseur décrit en
La
Le propulseur 3 de la
Le propulseur 3 de la
Selon ce mode de réalisation, le piston 17 comporte une surface inclinée 175, ou pan incliné, par rapport à l'axe 113 de rotation de l'hélice. Une came 177 est adaptée à porter (ou rouler, ou glisser) contre la surface 175 pour actionner le mécanisme de modification du pas de l'hélice 11. Dans l'exemple de la
Les vues A et B illustrent des positions de pas différentes.Views A and B show different pitch positions.
On considère, dans un premier temps (vue A), que l'hélice 11 du propulseur 3 tourne à une vitesse ω autour de l'axe 113. Le fluide s'écoule vers l'arrière du propulseur 3 (flèche 116) à une vitesse v1, par exemple sous l'effet d'un déplacement du propulseur 3 provoqué par la rotation de l'hélice 11. La pale 111 forme alors, par rapport à une normale aux axes 113 et 115, un certain angle de calage θ1. De même, la pale 112 forme alors, par rapport à une normale aux axes 113 et 115, un certain angle de calage α1.We consider, initially (view A), that the
Pour simplifier, on considère par la suite que l'angle de calage de la pale 111 est toujours égal à l'angle de calage de la pale 112. On ne s'intéresse ainsi qu'aux variations de l'angle de calage de la pale 111, les variations de l'angle de calage de la pale 112 s'opérant par un mécanisme similaire.To simplify, we subsequently consider that the pitch angle of the
On suppose alors que la vitesse de l'écoulement augmente (vue B) pour atteindre une valeur v2 supérieure à v1. Le piston 17 se déplace alors, comme exposé en relation avec la
Un propulseur tel que le propulseur 3 est particulièrement adapté à équiper des embarcations de faible puissance, par exemple des embarcations à propulsion humaine, où un rendement maximal de l'hélice 11 est recherché. On peut alors adapter facilement la régulation du pas de l'hélice 11 en fonction de capacités physiques d'un utilisateur de l'embarcation, par exemple en installant un ressort 19 présentant une constante de raideur différente, ou en modifiant la forme de la came 177.A thruster such as the
La
Les vues A et B illustrent des positions de pas différentes.Views A and B show different pitch positions.
Le propulseur 4 de la
Le propulseur 4 de la
Le corps 13 du propulseur 4 est, en
Le propulseur 4 est, en vue A, représenté dans une position où le ressort 19 est détendu. Cette position correspond au petit pas de l'hélice 11.The
Le propulseur 4 est, en vue B, représenté dans une position où le ressort 19 est totalement comprimé. Cette position correspond au grand pas de l'hélice 11.The
La
Dans l'exemple de la
Le propulseur 4 permet de faire voguer l'embarcation 7 sur l'eau. Lorsque l'embarcation 7 navigue, le propulseur 4 est placé dans un écoulement d'eau dont la vitesse d'ensemble v est égale à une vitesse de déplacement de l'embarcation 7 sur l'eau. Le pas de l'hélice 11 du propulseur 4 est ainsi adapté ou asservi en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement de l'embarcation 7. Cela permet, par exemple, à un utilisateur de l'embarcation 7, provoquant la rotation de l'hélice 11 à la force de ses jambes, de maintenir une cadence de pédalage sensiblement constante quelle que soit la vitesse de déplacement de l'embarcation 7.The
La
Selon ce mode de réalisation, la pale 111 de l'hélice 11 possède des dimensions adaptées en fonction de l'application. La pale 112, représentée de façon partielle en
On suppose que l'hélice 11 tourne, à une vitesse angulaire ω, autour d'un axe 113 de rotation, comme exposé précédemment en relation avec les
On définit une grandeur, appelée « pas géométrique », comme étant égale à une distance théoriquement parcourue par l'hélice 11 lorsque ses pales 111 et 112 effectuent un tour complet autour de l'axe de rotation 113. Les pas géométriques de l'hélice 11 sont les suivants :
- un grand pas géométrique d'environ 1 m, correspondant à des angles de calage θ2 et α2 (
figure 3 , vue (B)) approximativement nuls ; et - un petit pas géométrique d'environ 0,67 m, correspondant à des angles de calage θ1 et α1 (
figure 3 , vue (A)) approximativement égaux à -10°.
- a large geometric step of approximately 1 m, corresponding to setting angles θ2 and α2 (
Figure 3 , view (B)) approximately zero; And - a small geometric step of approximately 0.67 m, corresponding to pitch angles θ1 and α1 (
Figure 3 , view (A)) approximately equal to -10°.
L'hélice 11, installée sur le propulseur 4 de l'embarcation 7, permet ainsi d'atteindre :
- en grand pas, une poussée d'environ 110 N pour une vitesse de rotation ω d'environ 400 tr/min, ce qui correspond, pour l'embarcation 7, à une vitesse de déplacement approximativement égale à 20 km/h ; et
- en petit pas, une poussée d'environ 120 N pour une vitesse de rotation ω d'environ 400 tr/min, ce qui correspond, pour l'embarcation 7, à une vitesse de déplacement approximativement égale à 10 km/h.
- in large steps, a thrust of approximately 110 N for a rotation speed ω of approximately 400 rpm, which corresponds, for the boat 7, to a speed of movement approximately equal to 20 km/h; And
- in small steps, a thrust of approximately 120 N for a rotation speed ω of approximately 400 rpm, which corresponds, for the boat 7, to a speed of movement approximately equal to 10 km/h.
Divers modes de réalisation et variantes ont été décrits. L'homme de l'art comprendra que certaines caractéristiques de ces divers modes de réalisation et variantes pourraient être combinées, et d'autres variantes apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, la mise en oeuvre de tout type de mécanisme susceptible de transformer le mouvement de translation du piston 17 en un mouvement de pivotement des pales 111 et 112 autour de leur axe 115 est à la portée de l'homme de l'art à partir des indications fournies ci-dessus.Various embodiments and variants have been described. Those skilled in the art will understand that certain characteristics of these various embodiments and variants could be combined, and other variants will appear to those skilled in the art. In particular, the implementation of any type of mechanism likely to transform the translational movement of the
Enfin, la mise en oeuvre pratique des modes de réalisation et variantes décrits est à la portée de l'homme du métier à partir des indications fonctionnelles données ci-dessus. En particulier, il est possible d'étendre les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus à une configuration où l'hélice 11 présente un nombre de pales supérieur à deux.Finally, the practical implementation of the embodiments and variants described is within the reach of those skilled in the art based on the functional indications given above. In particular, it is possible to extend the embodiments described above to a configuration where the
Claims (15)
- Device comprising a variable-pitch propeller (11), a chamber (15), a movable partition (17) and a mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11) wherein an external flow (116) of a fluid generates, by Venturi effect, a negative pressure in a first compartment (151) of said chamber (15) comprising one or more first holes (131) not parallel to a rotation axis (113) of the propeller (11), a variation in this negative pressure causing a displacement of said movable partition (17) inside the chamber actuating said mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11).
- Device according to claim 1, comprising:a variable-pitch propeller (11);a chamber (15) having one or more first holes (131) not parallel to a rotation axis (113) of the propeller (11);a movable partition (17) delimiting, inside the chamber (15), a first compartment (151) communicating with the outside via these one or more first holes (131); anda mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11), associated with the movable partition (17).
- Device according to claim 2, wherein a change in vacuum in the first compartment (151) causes a change in the pitch of the propeller (11).
- Device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein an increase in vacuum causes an increase in the pitch of the propeller (11).
- A device according to any one of claims 1, 3 or 4, wherein a reduction in vacuum causes a reduction in the pitch of the propeller (11).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one additional part (135) forms, with respect to an external surface of the chamber (15), a constriction (137) in the vicinity of these one or more first holes (131).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the movable partition (17) further delimits, inside the chamber (15), a second compartment (153) communicating with the outside via one or more second holes (133) parallel to the rotation axis (113) of the propeller (11).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the movable partition (17) is linked to a spring (19) for return to a position corresponding to an extreme value of the pitch of the propeller (11).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the movable partition (17) is a piston comprising a surface (175) inclined, with respect to the rotation axis (113) of the propeller (11), on which a cam (177) is supported, adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the movable partition (17) is associated with a gear, consisting of a rack (171) and pinion (173), adapted to actuate the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the mechanism for modifying the pitch of the propeller (11) modifies an angle (θ, α; θ1, α1; θ2, α2) of blade (111, 112) pitch over an angular range of less than 90°, preferably of the order of 15°.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the propeller (11) comprises at least two blades (111, 112) radially arranged and separate from the rotation axis (113) by a distance (DA) of approximately 35 mm, preferably equal to 35 mm, these blades having a length (LP) of approximately 240 mm, preferably equal to 240 mm.
- Propulsion device (1; 2; 3; 4) comprising a device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
- A human-powered boat (7) comprising at least one propulsion device as claimed in claim 13.
- Energy recovery device, comprising a device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1905753A FR3096654B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Automatic variable pitch propeller |
PCT/FR2020/050845 WO2020240119A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-20 | Automatic variable pitch propeller |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3976463A1 EP3976463A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
EP3976463B1 true EP3976463B1 (en) | 2024-02-14 |
Family
ID=69572014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20737261.6A Active EP3976463B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-20 | Automatic variable pitch propeller |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3976463B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3096654B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020240119A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59126798U (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-08-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Screw propeller device |
US5219272A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-15 | Brunswick Corporation | Variable pitch marine propeller with hydrodynamic shifting |
US6358007B1 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2002-03-19 | Henry A. Castle | Universal constant speed variable pitch boat propeller system |
WO2007016804A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Mueller Peter A | Watercraft drive |
-
2019
- 2019-05-29 FR FR1905753A patent/FR3096654B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-05-20 WO PCT/FR2020/050845 patent/WO2020240119A1/en unknown
- 2020-05-20 EP EP20737261.6A patent/EP3976463B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59126798U (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-08-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Screw propeller device |
US5219272A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-15 | Brunswick Corporation | Variable pitch marine propeller with hydrodynamic shifting |
US6358007B1 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2002-03-19 | Henry A. Castle | Universal constant speed variable pitch boat propeller system |
WO2007016804A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Mueller Peter A | Watercraft drive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020240119A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
FR3096654A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 |
EP3976463A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
FR3096654B1 (en) | 2021-06-11 |
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