EP3637039A1 - Carrier projectile for a gun - Google Patents
Carrier projectile for a gun Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3637039A1 EP3637039A1 EP19201711.9A EP19201711A EP3637039A1 EP 3637039 A1 EP3637039 A1 EP 3637039A1 EP 19201711 A EP19201711 A EP 19201711A EP 3637039 A1 EP3637039 A1 EP 3637039A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- floor
- carrier
- projectile
- casing
- barrel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
- F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a carrier bullet for a barrel weapon.
- Such a main storey is, for example, the widespread "SMArt 155" storey from GIWS mbH.
- the projectile uses a time fuse and an ejection charge (usually pyrotechnics) to pyrotechnically discharge a payload / submunition from the projectile after a defined point in time.
- Other known bullets are, for example, the "40mm M1001 HVCC” from General Dynamics (Flechet Munition) or classic shot ammunition, which is fired from smooth barrel weapons.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved support bullet for a barrel weapon.
- the main floor extends along one or its central longitudinal axis.
- the main floor contains a floor and in particular a guide band.
- the guide band is usually arranged on the peripheral surface of the floor.
- the circumferential surface or direction relates to the central longitudinal axis.
- the peripheral surface thus points radially outward with respect to the central longitudinal axis.
- the central longitudinal axis represents an axial direction of the carrier projectile.
- the projectile is also assigned a designated launch or flight direction after firing from the barrel weapon, which is directed in the axial direction.
- the main storey contains a shell which is connected to the floor of the storey in an initial state.
- the initial state is the intended state of the main floor between its manufacture and its launch.
- the cover can be removed in the axial direction away from the floor of the storey.
- the release takes place only if there is an axial release force between the floor and the shell (or two opposing forces: counter on the floor and on the shell in the direction of flight) that exceeds a limit force.
- the floor and the envelope enclose a receiving space for a payload.
- the carrier floor contains a separating device for generating the release force. The release force is or is generated by the separating device after leaving the barrel without using an ejection charge and / or without using an igniter.
- the optional guide band seals the floor of the floor from the barrel when inserting or using the carrier bullet in a designated barrel weapon.
- the floor forms the rear part, the shell the front part of the carrier floor.
- the carrier projectile works without pyrotechnics and / or without stored chemical energy and / or without a timer. Construction fragments, flechets or other active elements or active agents or effectors, for example, come into consideration as the payload.
- the shell remains connected to the bullet floor. Only after leaving the barrel are the shell and the floor of the floor separated from one another by applying the release force. In the initial state or in a holding state (which continues even after the shot has been fired until the casing and base have separated), the floor and the shell are fastened or held to one another by means of a connecting means.
- the release force is or is generated - in particular exclusively - aerodynamically on the carrier floor during the flight of the carrier floor.
- the release force is thus generated by the air that surrounds or is flown through by the fired and flying projectile.
- no additional aids (detonator, exhaust charge, ...) are required to generate the release force. Since appropriate aerodynamics and thus the release force only occurs when the carrier bullet has left the barrel of the barrel weapon, this ensures that the shell and Do not detach the floor of the floor from one another while the weapon is still in motion and thus undesired release of the payload occurs.
- the supporting floor is designed to be particularly secure.
- the separating device is therefore operated or designed aerodynamically.
- the release force is - or is exclusively - generated by air pressure.
- the "air pressure” is pneumatic pressure which is generated by the air flowing in on the carrier floor during flight and which is or is generated aerodynamically by the flight of the carrier floor.
- the pressure can be positive (positive pressure, thrust) or negative (suction, negative pressure) as a relative pressure to a reference pressure on the projectile.
- the separating device is then - in particular exclusively - operated by this pneumatic or air pressure device. Pneumatic or air pressure can be used particularly easily, reliably and safely within the carrier floor.
- the separating device contains an opening in the casing.
- the opening is exposed to a dynamic pressure or air pressure. Due to the dynamic pressure, an overpressure in the form of air pressure is or is generated in the receiving space by means of the opening. Air flows into the carrier floor or into the receiving space through the opening during the intended flight of the carrier floor. As a result, the excess pressure is generated in the receiving space.
- the overpressure acts on the floor and shell and causes opposing axial forces on both elements, which endeavor to separate the two elements from one another in the axial direction or to push them apart.
- the limit force is smaller than the release force generated by the excess pressure. At least the force generated by the overpressure contributes to the release force.
- the opening is located at that end of the casing which points forward in the intended direction of flight, that is to say at the front end or the tip of the casing.
- Incoming air can be absorbed particularly well there or the above-mentioned dynamic pressure can be generated.
- the separating device contains a filling element which closes the opening in the initial state.
- the opening and thus also the recording room and the supporting floor as a whole are protected from undesired foreign substances (dust, dirt, moisture) penetrating through the opening.
- the filling element To open the opening, the filling element must be removed at the latest when it is desired to allow air to flow into the opening. This is particularly the time when the carrier bullet leaves the barrel of the barrel weapon after firing.
- the filling element can be implemented in any way, for. B. starting with a wax, wood, metal or plastic plug, up to a part of the shell that z. B. can be separated from the rest of the shell by a predetermined breaking point in order to open the opening.
- the filling element can in particular before firing the carrier floor - z. B. by hand - can be removed, for example during or shortly before loading the barrel weapon.
- the filling element can also be designed in such a way that it is automatically removed when the carrier projectile is fired.
- the filling element can therefore be removed from the opening or is removed in this way by a firing shock that occurs when the projectile is fired.
- Filling element and / or opening are therefore appropriately dimensioned or matched to one another to ensure removal during the launch shock.
- a corresponding holding force of the filling element in the opening or a breaking force of a corresponding connection or of the filling element itself is dimensioned in such a way that the holding force is less than the force which acts in the event of a designated launch shock.
- the releasing force is generated by the inertia of the filling element.
- the separating device contains a surface arranged on the floor.
- the surface is exposed to an aerodynamically generated suction force by the passing air during the flight of the carrier floor.
- the suction force is directed away from the casing against the direction of flight. Since the shell itself strives to continue flying in the direction of flight, the suction force causes at least part of the release force.
- the suction force is added together with the above-mentioned force generated by the excess pressure in the receiving space to the total release force. In this way, the release force can be generated particularly effectively and easily.
- the area is the floor area of the floor that is directed backwards with respect to the flight direction.
- the floor and the casing are held together in the initial state by a frictional and / or positive connection or a corresponding connecting means.
- the connection can be released when the release force is applied (greater than / equal to the limit force). As soon as the limit force is applied, the corresponding connection is released or is subsequently released.
- an adhesive force and / or holding force of the connection which is correspondingly brought about by the connection is dimensioned less than or equal to the limit force.
- the connection is dimensioned accordingly with regard to the forces.
- the corresponding connection is thus at least part of the above-mentioned connection means.
- the connecting means is or contains a compressible sealing element which requires the application of at least the limiting force in order to compress and overcome a frictional / positive connection.
- Alternative connecting means or parts thereof are, for example, adhesive or press connections, predetermined breaking points, tear seams, etc.
- the carrier bullet is a carrier bullet for a barrel weapon with a drawn barrel.
- the optional guide belt is then one for the swirl transmission from the barrel to the carrier floor.
- the carrier bullet is suitable for the majority of available barrel weapons.
- the general advantages of a swirl also result for the present carrier floor.
- the carrier projectile has a swirl transmission element.
- the swirl transmission element is arranged in the receiving space and fastened to the floor and / or to the shell and at least partially penetrates the receiving space for the payload for swirl transmission. The enforcement extends so far that a intended payload is subjected to the twist in the desired manner.
- Swirl that is transmitted from the barrel of the barrel weapon to the carrier projectile is also transmitted to the payload by means of the swirl transmission element.
- the swirl transmission element is in particular a driving element that is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the floor of the floor and or the casing with respect to the central longitudinal axis. For example, grids, brackets, pins etc. are conceivable as a driving element
- the swirl transmission element contains or is at least one wall that extends at least partially through the receiving space. So the recording room is at least at the divided into two parts per wall. Each subspace can then accommodate at least part of the payload.
- the swirl transmission then takes place by contacting the wall.
- the swirl transmission element contains two cross-sectionally arranged walls that intersect on the central longitudinal axis of the supporting floor.
- the wall is designed in particular with or without cutouts.
- the wall is attached to the floor of the floor. This creates simple options for swirl transmission to the payload.
- the carrier projectile contains a swirl decoupling element for receiving at least a part of the payload.
- the swirl decoupling element is decoupled from the floor of the floor and the casing with respect to a rotation about the central longitudinal axis.
- the rest of the carrier level can therefore perform a swirl movement without the swirl decoupling element (and the payload contained therein) following it. It is thus possible to orient the payload or its relevant part on the swirl decoupling element and thus to decouple swirl from the swirling part of the supporting floor, in particular from the floor and the shell. These elements then have no swirl.
- the advantages of a swirling carrier bullet are retained without having to subject the payload to a swirl.
- the swirl decoupling element contains or is a receiving body for at least part, in particular the entire payload.
- the receptacle is rotatably mounted in the floor and in the envelope around the central longitudinal axis. Since the receiving body itself is spin-decoupled, the entire payload held in it is also spin-decoupled.
- the receiving body is in particular a tub, cup or pot, the opening of which points in particular in the direction of flight and which is in particular axially symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis. With regard to the acceleration of the carrier projectile, the payload is therefore in contact with a floor of the receiving body that points counter to the direction of flight.
- the swirl decoupling can be accomplished particularly easily in this way.
- the invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations and also has the following embodiments.
- the embodiments are sometimes also called “the invention” for simplicity.
- the Embodiments may also include or correspond to parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments and / or possibly include embodiments not previously mentioned.
- the invention is based on the basic idea of designing a carrier system for barrel weapons (with a drawn barrel / twist) in order to spend a payload (construction splinters, flechets, other active elements) from a drawn barrel. At the same time, disassembly in the run should be excluded.
- the invention is based on the basic idea that the projectile (in the axial direction) is created by the suction on the floor (which arises aerodynamically during flight) and an air inlet which (also aerodynamically during flight) creates an overpressure in the interior of the floor (receiving space). to pull apart and open (to separate the shell from the floor).
- the carrier projectile according to the invention does not require an expensive time fuse with pyrotechnics and can also be used in particular in small calibers (medium caliber, .50 / 12.7 mm or larger). Furthermore, no chemical energy is stored in the floor itself, which completely avoids the danger from explosives. The question of IM properties (insensitive ammunition) does not arise in the first place. Premature opening and disassembly during the run is technically impossible. This is due to the fact that the opening of the projectile can only be accomplished by dynamic processes during the flight; in contrast, pressure is exerted on a solid floor (floor) during the run. It is technically impossible for bullet parts to remain in the barrel.
- the invention it is possible to spend active agents (for example splinters or flechets) from a drawn barrel without opening the carrier projectile and releasing the active agents in the barrel.
- active agents for example splinters or flechets
- the invention allows implementation without having to resort to an (expensive) igniter or other unlocking devices.
- the invention also allows implementation without having to store chemical energy. This leads to an advantage in IM questions, chemical compatibility, storage stability and storage group classification.
- the payload is released immediately after the run (0-5m, in particular 0.5-3m, in particular 1-2m).
- the carrier system carrier bullet
- the carrier floor is accelerated in one run like a classic floor.
- the twist is transmitted through the guide belt.
- the pressure exerted on the rear of the projectile accelerates it and opens the sealed air inlet (opening with filler element) (removal of the filler element from the opening by means of a launch shock).
- the acceleration force at the rear is eliminated and is replaced by a suction (caused by the air flowing past).
- the air flowing in through the opening / air inlet
- Suction and overpressure ensure that the floor opens (separation of floor and shell). Due to the accelerating force in the barrel, the bullet cannot be disassembled in the barrel.
- swirl transmission element can be used.
- One reason for a desired swirl transmission to the payload would be a larger fanning out of the payload (usually effectors) in order to enlarge the effective range (conical in front of the muzzle).
- swirl transmission element can be replaced.
- a rotatable trough (receiving body) is used in the floor, in which the payload is twist-decoupled.
- Figure 1 shows an inventive carrier floor 2 for an in Figure 2a indicated barrel weapon 20.
- the carrier bullet 2 extends along a central longitudinal axis 4, which describes an axial direction of the carrier bullet 2.
- the carrier projectile 2 also has an intended direction of flight 6 (indicated by an arrow), which is directed in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 4.
- the carrier projectile 2 contains a storey floor 8.
- a guide band 12 is arranged on the storey floor 8 on a circumferential surface 10 pointing radially outward (with respect to the central longitudinal axis 4 or axial direction).
- the carrier floor 2 also contains a shell 14 in the form of an upper shell, which in the Figure 1 initial state A shown is connected to the floor 8.
- Floor 8 and casing 14 can, however, be detached from one another in the axial direction by moving the casing 14 in the direction of flight 6 and / or the floor 8 opposite to the direction of flight 6 (consideration of the relative movements).
- a loosening force L only indicated in the figures, between the floor 8 and the casing 14 (acts on both elements in opposite directions) is necessary for the movement described above.
- the loosening force L must be greater than a limit force G up to which the floor 8 and the shell 14 hold together.
- the floor 8 and the envelope 14 are in one Figure 1b only symbolically indicated friction-locking / positive-locking connection 36 is held together, which is released when a release force L is applied greater than or equal to the limit force G.
- the corresponding frictional locking / positive locking elements (not shown) therefore form a connecting means 37 in order to hold the shell 14 and floor 8 against one another until the limiting force G acts.
- Floor 8 and casing 14 surround a receiving space 16 in the interior of the supporting floor 2.
- the supporting floor 2 conveys a payload 17, which is only symbolically indicated here, here construction splinters.
- the carrier bullet 2 contains a separating device 18.
- the separating device 18 When the carrier bullet 2 is used as intended, ie after it has been fired and during its flight, namely after leaving one in Figure 2a barrel 22 of the barrel weapon 20 shown, the separating device 18 generates the release force L, which finally becomes greater than or equal to the limit force G. The generation takes place here without using an exhaust charge and without using an igniter (both of course therefore not shown).
- the separating device 18 contains an opening 24 in the casing 14.
- the casing 14 is therefore pierced by the opening 24, which forms an air inlet opening, as will be explained later.
- the opening 24 is located at that end 26 of the carrier projectile 2 or the casing 14 which is at the front with respect to the direction of flight 6.
- the opening 24 is located at the tip 28 of the carrier storey 2 or the casing 14.
- the opening 24 is closed by a filling element 30.
- the filler 30 is removable from the opening 24 to expose it, as will be explained later.
- the opening 24 is therefore a sealed air inlet opening.
- the separating device 18 further includes a surface 32 which is arranged on the floor 8.
- the surface 32 is formed by the end 34 of the carrier floor 2 or the floor 8, which is opposite the end 26 or the tip 28 with respect to the direction of flight 6.
- the guide band 12 serves to seal the carrier floor 2 or the floor 8 against the barrel 22 or the inside thereof.
- the barrel 22 is a drawn barrel 22.
- the guide band 12 is therefore also used for the swirl transmission from the barrel 22 to the floor 8 and thus the entire supporting floor 2.
- the carrier bullet 2 When it is used, the carrier bullet 2 is inserted into the barrel weapon 20 or its barrel 22 and fired in a conventional manner.
- Figure 2a shows the carrier projectile 2 as it passes through barrel 22 after the launch.
- the carrier projectile 2 is accelerated by a drive (propellant charge), which is not shown in detail.
- the drive or the acceleration force is symbolized by an arrow 38.
- the corresponding force acts on the floor 8 or the surface 32 or the end 34 and acts in the direction of the flight direction 6.
- the sealed air inlet opening opening 24, closed by the filling element 30
- the Filling element 30 is thus released from the opening 24 by means of its inertia and conveyed in the direction of arrow 40 into the receiving space 16. If the carrier projectile 2 leaves the muzzle opening of the barrel 22, not shown, the drive or the acceleration of the carrier projectile 2 ends.
- Figure 2b shows the now following flight phase of the carrier projectile 2 in the air 40.
- the acceleration (arrow 38 in Figure 2a ) on floor 8 no longer. Instead, air 40, which is traversed by the carrier floor 2, creates a suction on the floor 8 due to the aerodynamics, which causes a force against the flight direction 6 on the floor 8.
- the corresponding force is indicated by an arrow 42.
- the corresponding suction thus acts counter to the direction of flight 6.
- the sleeve 14, endeavors to move less or unchecked in the direction of flight 6.
- a part of the release force L is created, which tends to separate the casing 14 and the floor 8 from or in the opposite direction of flight 6.
- a second effect takes place: through the opening 24 or air inlet opening (indicated by the arrow 44), air 40 flows into the receiving space 16 or interior of the carrier floor 2.
- a corresponding dynamic pressure builds up in the receiving space 16 that exceeds the ambient pressure. This creates an overpressure in the carrier level 2 or receiving space 16 with respect to the surrounding air 40.
- This back pressure or overpressure also causes part of the release force L.
- the release force L is composed precisely of the two components mentioned (suction and back pressure).
- Figure 2c shows the corresponding relationships:
- the total release force L symbolized here by a double arrow, is greater than the limit force G and therefore leads to the sheath 14 and the floor 8 being detached from one another in or against the direction of flight 6.
- the receiving space 16 or the supporting floor 2 is thereby opened and the payload 17 located therein is released.
- the resulting force (release force L) from suction (arrow 42) and internal pressure (arrow 44) is greater than the force that the connecting means 37 can hold in the form of the connection 36.
- Payload 17, which is still in the casing 14 after the separation of the casing 14 and the floor 8, is also pressed out of the casing 14 by the air flowing in through the opening 24.
- the floor 8 drops due to the suction on the surface 32 anyway from the payload 17.
- FIG. 3 shows part of an alternative supporting floor 2.
- This contains the floor 8 from Figure 1 who in 3 a) in sectional side view according to Figure 1b and in Fig. 3b ) is shown in plan view against the direction of flight 6.
- a swirl transmission element 50 (in the form of a support element) of the support floor 2 is fastened or fixedly connected to the floor 8.
- the swirl transmission element 50 serves to transmit a swirl, which the floor 8 has, to the payload 17.
- the swirl transmission element 50 extends over a part of the receiving space 16 and therefore interacts with the payload 17 located therein by positive locking, as in FIG Figure 3b ) is indicated.
- the swirl transmission element 50 here consists of two walls 52, which each extend along the central longitudinal axis 4 and are rotated by 90 ° relative to one another, so that they form a cross structure in cross section.
- Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the supporting floor 2. This also contains the floor 8 according to Figure 1 .
- a swirl decoupling element 54 is arranged in the floor 8. With respect to the central longitudinal axis 4 or the axial direction, the floor 8 and the swirl decoupling element 54 can be rotated relative to one another and thus decoupled from one another with respect to this rotation.
- the swirl decoupling element 54 serves to accommodate the payload 17, which is indicated here in the form of flechets.
- the swirl decoupling element 54 thus forms a receiving body 56, here in the form of a cup-shaped circular cup which is open in the direction of flight 6.
- the swirl decoupling element 54 can thus be rotated about the central longitudinal axis 4 or axial direction with respect to the entire supporting floor 2 both in the floor 8 and in the casing 14.
- swirl decoupling element 54 retains together with the payload 17 due to the rotational inertia, its rotational rest position about the central longitudinal axis 4.
- the cup and the payload 17 “slip” relative to the floor 8 and the casing 14 about the central longitudinal axis 4 or axial direction “through”.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Ein Trägergeschoss (2) für eine Rohrwaffe (20) mit einem Lauf (22), das sich entlang einer Mittellängssachse (4) erstreckt, enthält einen Geschossboden (8), eine Hülle (14), die in einem Ausgangszustand (A) mit dem Geschossboden (8) verbunden ist, und die in einer Axialrichtung vom Geschossboden (8) weg lösbar ist, wenn in Axialrichtung eine Lösekraft (L) zwischen Geschossboden (8) und Hülle (14) wirkt, die eine Grenzkraft (G) übersteigt, wobei der Geschossboden (8) und die Hülle (14) einen Aufnahmeraum (16) für eine Nutzlast (17) umschließen, und eine Trennvorrichtung (18), wobei die Lösekraft (L) von der Trennvorrichtung (18) nach Verlassen des Laufes (22) ohne Verwendung einer Ausstoßladung und/oder ohne Verwendung eines Zünders erzeugt ist. A carrier projectile (2) for a barrel weapon (20) with a barrel (22) which extends along a central longitudinal axis (4) contains a floor (8), a casing (14) which is in an initial state (A) with the Floor (8) is connected, and which is releasable in an axial direction away from the floor (8) when a release force (L) acts between the floor (8) and the casing (14) in the axial direction, which exceeds a limit force (G), whereby the floor (8) and the casing (14) enclose a receiving space (16) for a payload (17), and a separating device (18), the release force (L) from the separating device (18) after leaving the barrel (22) is generated without using an exhaust charge and / or without using an igniter.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Trägergeschoss für eine Rohrwaffe.The invention relates to a carrier bullet for a barrel weapon.
Ein derartiges Trägergeschoss ist zum Beispiel das weit verbreitete Geschoss "SMArt 155" der Fa. GIWS mbH. Das Geschoss verwendet einen Zeitzünder und eine Ausstoßladung (in der Regel Pyrotechnik), um eine Nutzlast/Submunition aus dem Geschoss nach einem definierten Zeitpunkt pyrotechnisch auszustoßen. Weitere bekannte Geschosse sind zum Beispiel das "40mm M1001 HVCC" der Fa. General Dynamics (Flechet Munition) oder klassische Schrotmunition, die aus Glattrohrwaffen verschossen wird.Such a main storey is, for example, the widespread "SMArt 155" storey from GIWS mbH. The projectile uses a time fuse and an ejection charge (usually pyrotechnics) to pyrotechnically discharge a payload / submunition from the projectile after a defined point in time. Other known bullets are, for example, the "40mm M1001 HVCC" from General Dynamics (Flechet Munition) or classic shot ammunition, which is fired from smooth barrel weapons.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes Trägergeschoss für eine Rohrwaffe anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide an improved support bullet for a barrel weapon.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Trägergeschoss gemäß Patentanspruch 1 für eine Rohrwaffe mit einem Lauf. Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sowie anderer Erfindungskategorien ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.The object is achieved by a carrier bullet according to claim 1 for a barrel weapon with a barrel. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention and other categories of invention result from the further claims, the following description and the attached figures.
Das Trägergeschoss erstreckt sich entlang einer bzw. seiner Mittellängsachse. Das Trägergeschoss enthält einen Geschossboden und insbesondere ein Führungsband. Das Führungsband ist in der Regel an der Umfangsfläche des Geschossbodens angeordnet. Die Umfangsfläche bzw. -richtung bezieht sich auf die Mittellängsachse. Die Umfangsfläche weist also radial auswärts bezüglich der Mittellängsachse. Die Mittellängsachse stellt eine Axialrichtung des Trägergeschosses dar. Dem Geschoss ist außerdem eine bestimmungsgemäße Abschuss- bzw. Flugrichtung nach dem Abfeuern aus der Rohrwaffe zugeordnet, die in Axialrichtung gerichtet ist.The main floor extends along one or its central longitudinal axis. The main floor contains a floor and in particular a guide band. The guide band is usually arranged on the peripheral surface of the floor. The circumferential surface or direction relates to the central longitudinal axis. The peripheral surface thus points radially outward with respect to the central longitudinal axis. The central longitudinal axis represents an axial direction of the carrier projectile. The projectile is also assigned a designated launch or flight direction after firing from the barrel weapon, which is directed in the axial direction.
Das Trägergeschoss enthält eine Hülle, die in einem Ausgangszustand mit dem Geschossboden verbunden ist. Der Ausgangszustand ist der bestimmungsgemäße Zustand des Trägergeschosses zwischen dessen Fertigung und dessen Abschuss. Die Hülle ist in Axialrichtung vom Geschossboden weg lösbar. Das Lösen erfolgt nur, wenn in Axialrichtung eine Lösekraft zwischen Geschossboden und Hülle (bzw. zwei gegensätzliche Kräfte: am Boden entgegen und an der Hülle in Flugrichtung) wirkt, die eine Grenzkraft übersteigt. Der Geschossboden und die Hülle umschließen einen Aufnahmeraum für eine Nutzlast. Das Trägergeschoss enthält eine Trennvorrichtung zur Erzeugung der Lösekraft. Die Lösekraft ist bzw. wird von der Trennvorrichtung nach Verlassen des Laufes ohne Verwendung einer Ausstoßladung und/oder ohne Verwendung eines Zünders erzeugt.The main storey contains a shell which is connected to the floor of the storey in an initial state. The initial state is the intended state of the main floor between its manufacture and its launch. The cover can be removed in the axial direction away from the floor of the storey. The release takes place only if there is an axial release force between the floor and the shell (or two opposing forces: counter on the floor and on the shell in the direction of flight) that exceeds a limit force. The floor and the envelope enclose a receiving space for a payload. The carrier floor contains a separating device for generating the release force. The release force is or is generated by the separating device after leaving the barrel without using an ejection charge and / or without using an igniter.
Das optionale Führungsband bewirkt beim Einsetzen bzw. Verwenden des Trägergeschosses in einer bestimmungsgemäßen Rohrwaffe eine Abdichtung des Geschossbodens zum Lauf hin. Bezüglich der bestimmungsgemäßen Abschuss- bzw. Flugrichtung bildet der Geschossboden den hinteren, die Hülle den vorderen Teil des Trägergeschosses. Mit anderen Worten arbeitet das Trägergeschoss also ohne Pyrotechnik und/oder ohne gespeicherte chemische Energie und/oder ohne Zeitzünder. Als Nutzlast kommen beispielsweise Konstruktionssplitter, Flechets oder andere Wirkelemente bzw. Wirkmittel bzw. Effektoren in Frage.The optional guide band seals the floor of the floor from the barrel when inserting or using the carrier bullet in a designated barrel weapon. With regard to the intended firing direction or flight direction, the floor forms the rear part, the shell the front part of the carrier floor. In other words, the carrier projectile works without pyrotechnics and / or without stored chemical energy and / or without a timer. Construction fragments, flechets or other active elements or active agents or effectors, for example, come into consideration as the payload.
Solange sich das Trägergeschoss nach dem Abschuss noch im Lauf der Rohrwaffe befindet, bleibt die Hülle mit dem Geschossboden verbunden. Erst nach dem Verlassen des Laufes werden Hülle und Geschossboden durch Aufbringung der Lösekraft voneinander getrennt. Geschossboden und Hülle sind also im Ausgangszustand bzw. in einem Haltezustand (der auch noch nach dem Abschuss bis zum Trennen von Hülle und Boden andauert) über ein Verbindungsmittel aneinander befestigt bzw. gehalten.As long as the carrier bullet is still in the barrel of the barrel weapon after the shot, the shell remains connected to the bullet floor. Only after leaving the barrel are the shell and the floor of the floor separated from one another by applying the release force. In the initial state or in a holding state (which continues even after the shot has been fired until the casing and base have separated), the floor and the shell are fastened or held to one another by means of a connecting means.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist bzw. wird die Lösekraft - insbesondere ausschließlich - aerodynamisch am Trägergeschoss während des Fluges des Trägergeschosses erzeugt. Die Erzeugung der Lösekraft erfolgt also durch die Luft, die das abgefeuerte und fliegende Geschoss umgibt bzw. von diesem durchflogen wird. Für die Erzeugung der Lösekraft sind somit diesbezüglich keine weiteren Hilfsmittel (Zünder, Ausstoßladung, ...) erforderlich. Da eine entsprechende Aerodynamik und somit die Lösekraft erst auftritt, wenn das Trägergeschoss den Lauf der Rohrwaffe verlassen hat, ist hierdurch sichergestellt, dass sich Hülle und Geschossboden nicht bereits im Lauf der Waffe voneinander lösen und somit ein unerwünschtes Freisetzen der Nutzlast erfolgt. Das Trägergeschoss ist damit diesbezüglich besonders sicher ausgeführt. Die Trennvorrichtung ist also aerodynamisch betrieben bzw. ausgeführt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the release force is or is generated - in particular exclusively - aerodynamically on the carrier floor during the flight of the carrier floor. The release force is thus generated by the air that surrounds or is flown through by the fired and flying projectile. In this regard, no additional aids (detonator, exhaust charge, ...) are required to generate the release force. Since appropriate aerodynamics and thus the release force only occurs when the carrier bullet has left the barrel of the barrel weapon, this ensures that the shell and Do not detach the floor of the floor from one another while the weapon is still in motion and thus undesired release of the payload occurs. In this regard, the supporting floor is designed to be particularly secure. The separating device is therefore operated or designed aerodynamically.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist bzw. wird die Lösekraft - insbesondere ausschließlich - durch Luftdruck erzeugt. Der "Luftdruck" ist dabei pneumatischer Druck, der durch die im Flug am Trägergeschoss anströmende Luft erzeugt ist, der also aerodynamisch durch den Flug des Trägergeschosses erzeugt wird bzw. ist. Der Druck kann hierbei als Relativdruck zu einem Referenzdruck an Geschoss positiv (Überdruck, Schub) oder negativ (Sog, Unterdruck) sein. Die Trennvorrichtung ist dann eine - insbesondere ausschließlich - durch diesen pneumatischen bzw. Luftdruck betriebene Vorrichtung. Pneumatischer bzw. Luftdruck kann besonders einfach, zuverlässig und sicher innerhalb des Trägergeschosses verwendet werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the release force is - or is exclusively - generated by air pressure. The "air pressure" is pneumatic pressure which is generated by the air flowing in on the carrier floor during flight and which is or is generated aerodynamically by the flight of the carrier floor. The pressure can be positive (positive pressure, thrust) or negative (suction, negative pressure) as a relative pressure to a reference pressure on the projectile. The separating device is then - in particular exclusively - operated by this pneumatic or air pressure device. Pneumatic or air pressure can be used particularly easily, reliably and safely within the carrier floor.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform enthält die Trennvorrichtung eine Öffnung in der Hülle. Während des Fluges ist die Öffnung einem Staudruck bzw. Luftdruck anströmender Luft ausgesetzt. Durch den Staudruck ist bzw. wird vermittels der Öffnung ein Überdruck in Form von Luftdruck im Aufnahmeraum erzeugt. Durch die Öffnung strömt beim bestimmungsgemäßen Flug des Trägergeschosses also Luft in das Trägergeschoss bzw. in den Aufnahmeraum ein. Hierdurch wird der Überdruck im Aufnahmeraum erzeugt. Der Überdruck wirkt auf Geschossboden und Hülle und bewirkt gegeneinander gerichtete Axialkräfte an beiden Elementen, die bestrebt sind, die beiden Elemente in Axialrichtung voneinander zu lösen bzw. auseinander zu drücken. Insbesondere ist in diesem Fall die Grenzkraft kleiner als die durch den Überdruck erzeugte Lösekraft. Zumindest trägt die durch den Überdruck erzeugte Kraft zur Lösekraft bei.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the separating device contains an opening in the casing. During the flight, the opening is exposed to a dynamic pressure or air pressure. Due to the dynamic pressure, an overpressure in the form of air pressure is or is generated in the receiving space by means of the opening. Air flows into the carrier floor or into the receiving space through the opening during the intended flight of the carrier floor. As a result, the excess pressure is generated in the receiving space. The overpressure acts on the floor and shell and causes opposing axial forces on both elements, which endeavor to separate the two elements from one another in the axial direction or to push them apart. In this case, in particular, the limit force is smaller than the release force generated by the excess pressure. At least the force generated by the overpressure contributes to the release force.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform befindet sich die Öffnung an demjenigen Ende der Hülle, das in der bestimmungsgemäßen Flugrichtung nach vorne weist, also am vorderen Ende bzw. der Spitze der Hülle. Dort kann einströmende Luft besonders gut aufgenommen werden bzw. der oben genannte Staudruck erzeugt werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the opening is located at that end of the casing which points forward in the intended direction of flight, that is to say at the front end or the tip of the casing. Incoming air can be absorbed particularly well there or the above-mentioned dynamic pressure can be generated.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform enthält die Trennvorrichtung ein die Öffnung im Ausgangszustand verschließendes Füllelement. Somit ist im Ausgangszustand die Öffnung und damit auch der Aufnahmeraum und das Trägergeschoss insgesamt davor geschützt, dass unerwünschte Fremdstoffe (Staub, Schmutz, Feuchtigkeit) durch die Öffnung eindringen. Um die Öffnung freizugeben ist das Füllelement spätestens zu dem Zeitpunkt zu entfernen, an dem ein Einströmen von Luft in die Öffnung gewünscht ist. Dies ist insbesondere der Zeitpunkt, wenn das Trägergeschoss nach dem Abfeuern den Lauf der Rohrwaffe verlässt. Das Füllelement kann in beliebiger Weise realisiert sein, z. B. beginnend bei einem Wachs-, Holz-, Metall- oder Kunststoffpfropfen, bis hin zu einem Teil der Geschosshülle, der z. B. über eine Sollbruchstelle von der restlichen Geschosshülle trennbar ist, um die Öffnung freizugeben.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the separating device contains a filling element which closes the opening in the initial state. Thus in Initial state, the opening and thus also the recording room and the supporting floor as a whole are protected from undesired foreign substances (dust, dirt, moisture) penetrating through the opening. To open the opening, the filling element must be removed at the latest when it is desired to allow air to flow into the opening. This is particularly the time when the carrier bullet leaves the barrel of the barrel weapon after firing. The filling element can be implemented in any way, for. B. starting with a wax, wood, metal or plastic plug, up to a part of the shell that z. B. can be separated from the rest of the shell by a predetermined breaking point in order to open the opening.
Das Füllelement kann insbesondere vor dem Abfeuern des Trägergeschosses - z. B. händisch - entfernt werden, zum Beispiel während oder kurz vor dem Laden der Rohrwaffe. Alternativ kann das Füllelement aber auch derart ausgeführt sein, dass es beim Abschuss des Trägergeschosses automatisch entfernt wird.The filling element can in particular before firing the carrier floor - z. B. by hand - can be removed, for example during or shortly before loading the barrel weapon. Alternatively, the filling element can also be designed in such a way that it is automatically removed when the carrier projectile is fired.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform ist das Füllelement daher durch einen beim Abfeuern des Geschosses auftretenden Abschussschock aus der Öffnung entfernbar bzw. wird derart entfernt. Füllelement und/oder Öffnung sind daher entsprechend dimensioniert bzw. aufeinander abgestimmt, um das Entfernen beim Abschussschock sicherzustellen. Zum Beispiel ist eine entsprechende Haltekraft des Füllelements in der Öffnung oder eine Bruchkraft einer entsprechenden Verbindung oder des Füllelement selbst derart dimensioniert, dass die Haltekraft kleiner derjenigen Kraft ist, die bei einem bestimmungsgemäßen Abschussschock wirkt. Die lösende Kraft ist durch die Massenträgheit des Füllelements erzeugt. So kann eine automatische Entfernung des Füllelements besonders einfach realisiert werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the filling element can therefore be removed from the opening or is removed in this way by a firing shock that occurs when the projectile is fired. Filling element and / or opening are therefore appropriately dimensioned or matched to one another to ensure removal during the launch shock. For example, a corresponding holding force of the filling element in the opening or a breaking force of a corresponding connection or of the filling element itself is dimensioned in such a way that the holding force is less than the force which acts in the event of a designated launch shock. The releasing force is generated by the inertia of the filling element. An automatic removal of the filling element can thus be implemented particularly easily.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der oben genannten Ausführungsform enthält die Trennvorrichtung eine am Geschossboden angeordnete Fläche. Die Fläche ist während des Fluges des Trägergeschosses einer aerodynamisch erzeugten Sogkraft durch vorbeiströmende Luft ausgesetzt. Die Sogkraft ist entgegen der Flugrichtung von der Hülle weg gerichtet. Da die Hülle an sich bestrebt ist, in Flugrichtung weiter zu fliegen, bewirkt die Sogkraft zumindest einen Teil der Lösekraft. Insbesondere addiert sich die Sogkraft zusammen mit der oben genannten durch den Überdruck im Aufnahmeraum erzeugten Kraft zur gesamten Lösekraft. So kann die Lösekraft besonders effektiv und einfach erzeugt werden. Insbesondere ist die Fläche die bezüglich der Flugrichtung rückwärts gerichtete Bodenfläche des Geschossbodens.In a preferred variant of the above-mentioned embodiment, the separating device contains a surface arranged on the floor. The surface is exposed to an aerodynamically generated suction force by the passing air during the flight of the carrier floor. The suction force is directed away from the casing against the direction of flight. Since the shell itself strives to continue flying in the direction of flight, the suction force causes at least part of the release force. In particular, the suction force is added together with the above-mentioned force generated by the excess pressure in the receiving space to the total release force. In this way, the release force can be generated particularly effectively and easily. In particular, the area is the floor area of the floor that is directed backwards with respect to the flight direction.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind der Geschossboden und die Hülle im Ausgangszustand durch eine Reibschluss- und/oder Formschluss-Verbindung bzw. ein entsprechendes Verbindungsmittel aneinander gehalten. Die Verbindung ist bei bzw. durch Aufbringen der Lösekraft (größer/gleich der Grenzkraft) lösbar. Sobald die Grenzkraft anliegt, wird die entsprechende Verbindung also gelöst bzw. ist in der Folge dann gelöst. Insbesondere ist eine entsprechend durch die Verbindung bewirkte Haft- und/oder Haltekraft der Verbindung kleiner oder gleich der Grenzkraft dimensioniert. Die Verbindung ist hinsichtlich der Kräfte entsprechend dimensioniert. Die entsprechende Verbindung ist damit zumindest Teil des oben genannten Verbindungsmittels. Insbesondere ist bzw. enthält das Verbindungsmittel ein komprimierbares Dichtelement, welches zur Komprimierung und Überwindung eines Reib-/Formschlusses das Aufbringen mindestens der Grenzkraft benötigt. Alternative Verbindungsmittel oder Teile davon sind zum Beispiel Klebe-oder Pressverbindungen, Sollbruchstellen, Abreißnähte usw.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor and the casing are held together in the initial state by a frictional and / or positive connection or a corresponding connecting means. The connection can be released when the release force is applied (greater than / equal to the limit force). As soon as the limit force is applied, the corresponding connection is released or is subsequently released. In particular, an adhesive force and / or holding force of the connection which is correspondingly brought about by the connection is dimensioned less than or equal to the limit force. The connection is dimensioned accordingly with regard to the forces. The corresponding connection is thus at least part of the above-mentioned connection means. In particular, the connecting means is or contains a compressible sealing element which requires the application of at least the limiting force in order to compress and overcome a frictional / positive connection. Alternative connecting means or parts thereof are, for example, adhesive or press connections, predetermined breaking points, tear seams, etc.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Trägergeschoss ein Trägergeschoss für eine Rohrwaffe mit einem gezogenen Lauf. Das optionale Führungsband ist dann ein solches zur Drallübertragung vom Lauf auf das Trägergeschoss. Somit ist das Trägergeschoss einerseits für den Großteil verfügbarer Rohrwaffen geeignet. Außerdem ergeben sich die generellen Vorteile eines Dralls auch für das vorliegende Trägergeschoss.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier bullet is a carrier bullet for a barrel weapon with a drawn barrel. The optional guide belt is then one for the swirl transmission from the barrel to the carrier floor. Thus, the carrier bullet is suitable for the majority of available barrel weapons. In addition, the general advantages of a swirl also result for the present carrier floor.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform weist das Trägergeschoss ein Drallübertragungselement auf. Das Drallübertragungselement ist im Aufnahmeraum angeordnet und am Geschossboden und/oder an der Hülle befestigt und durchsetzt zur Drallübertragung den Aufnahmeraum für die Nutzlast zumindest teilweise. Die Durchsetzung reicht dabei so weit, dass eine bestimmungsgemäße Nutzlast in gewünschter Weise mit dem Drall beaufschlagt wird. Drall, der vom Lauf der Rohrwaffe auf das Trägergeschoss übertragen wird, wird vermittels des Drallübertragungselements auch auf die Nutzlast übertragen. Das Drallübertragungselement ist insbesondere ein Mitnahmeelement, dass bezüglich der Mittellängsachse drehfest mit dem Geschossboden und oder der Hülle verbunden ist. Als Mitnahmeelement denkbar sind zum Beispiel Gitter, Bügel, Stifte etc.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the carrier projectile has a swirl transmission element. The swirl transmission element is arranged in the receiving space and fastened to the floor and / or to the shell and at least partially penetrates the receiving space for the payload for swirl transmission. The enforcement extends so far that a intended payload is subjected to the twist in the desired manner. Swirl that is transmitted from the barrel of the barrel weapon to the carrier projectile is also transmitted to the payload by means of the swirl transmission element. The swirl transmission element is in particular a driving element that is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the floor of the floor and or the casing with respect to the central longitudinal axis. For example, grids, brackets, pins etc. are conceivable as a driving element
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform enthält oder ist das Drallübertragungselement mindestens eine sich zumindest teilweise durch den Aufnahmeraum erstreckende Wand. So wird der Aufnahmeraum zumindest an der betreffenden Stelle pro Wand in zwei Teilräume aufgeteilt. Jeder Teilraum kann dann zumindest einen Teil der Nutzlast aufnehmen. Die Drallübertragung findet dann durch Anlage an der Wand statt. Insbesondere enthält das Drallübertragungselement zwei im Querschnitt kreuzförmig angeordnete Wände, die sich an der Mittellängsachse des Trägergeschosses schneiden. Die Wand ist insbesondere mit oder ohne Aussparungen ausgeführt. Insbesondere ist die Wand am Geschossboden befestigt. So sind jeweils einfache Möglichkeiten zur Drallübertragung auf die Nutzlast geschaffen.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the swirl transmission element contains or is at least one wall that extends at least partially through the receiving space. So the recording room is at least at the divided into two parts per wall. Each subspace can then accommodate at least part of the payload. The swirl transmission then takes place by contacting the wall. In particular, the swirl transmission element contains two cross-sectionally arranged walls that intersect on the central longitudinal axis of the supporting floor. The wall is designed in particular with or without cutouts. In particular, the wall is attached to the floor of the floor. This creates simple options for swirl transmission to the payload.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der oben genannten Ausführungsform, die insbesondere eine Alternative zum Drallübertragungselement darstellt, enthält das Trägergeschoss ein Drallentkopplungselement zur Aufnahme zumindest eines Teils der der Nutzlast. Das Drallentkopplungselement ist vom Geschossboden und der Hülle bezüglich einer Rotation um die Mittellängsachse entkoppelt. Das restliche Trägergeschoss kann also eine Drallbewegung ausführen, ohne dass das Drallentkopplungselement (und die darin aufgenommene Nutzlast) dieser folgt. So ist es möglich, die Nutzlast bzw. deren betreffenden Teil am Drallentkopplungselement zu orientieren und so vom drallenden Teil des Trägergeschosses, insbesondere vom Geschossboden und der Hülle, drallzuentkoppeln. Diese Elemente weisen dann keinen Drall auf. Die Vorteile eines drallenden Trägergeschosses bleiben erhalten, ohne zwangsweise die Nutzlast auch einem Drall auszusetzen.In a preferred variant of the above-mentioned embodiment, which represents in particular an alternative to the swirl transmission element, the carrier projectile contains a swirl decoupling element for receiving at least a part of the payload. The swirl decoupling element is decoupled from the floor of the floor and the casing with respect to a rotation about the central longitudinal axis. The rest of the carrier level can therefore perform a swirl movement without the swirl decoupling element (and the payload contained therein) following it. It is thus possible to orient the payload or its relevant part on the swirl decoupling element and thus to decouple swirl from the swirling part of the supporting floor, in particular from the floor and the shell. These elements then have no swirl. The advantages of a swirling carrier bullet are retained without having to subject the payload to a swirl.
In einer bevorzugten Variante dieser Ausführungsform enthält oder ist das Drallentkopplungselement ein Aufnahmekörper für zumindest einen Teil, insbesondere die gesamte Nutzlast. Der Aufnahmekörper ist im Geschossboden und in der Hülle um die Mittellängsachse rotierbar gelagert. Da der Aufnahmekörper selbst drallentkoppelt ist, ist auch die gesamte in diesem gehaltene Nutzlast drallentkoppelt. Der Aufnahmekörper ist insbesondere eine Wanne, Becher oder Topf, dessen Öffnung insbesondere in Flugrichtung weist und der insbesondere axialsymmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse ausgeführt ist. Hinsichtlich der Beschleunigung des Trägergeschosses steht somit die Nutzlast an einem entgegen der Flugrichtung weisenden Boden des Aufnahmekörpers an. Die Drallentkopplung kann so besonders einfach bewerkstelligt werden.In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the swirl decoupling element contains or is a receiving body for at least part, in particular the entire payload. The receptacle is rotatably mounted in the floor and in the envelope around the central longitudinal axis. Since the receiving body itself is spin-decoupled, the entire payload held in it is also spin-decoupled. The receiving body is in particular a tub, cup or pot, the opening of which points in particular in the direction of flight and which is in particular axially symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis. With regard to the acceleration of the carrier projectile, the payload is therefore in contact with a floor of the receiving body that points counter to the direction of flight. The swirl decoupling can be accomplished particularly easily in this way.
Die Erfindung beruht auf folgenden Erkenntnissen, Beobachtungen bzw. Überlegungen und weist noch die nachfolgenden Ausführungsformen auf. Die Ausführungsformen werden dabei teils vereinfachend auch "die Erfindung" genannt. Die Ausführungsformen können hierbei auch Teile oder Kombinationen der oben genannten Ausführungsformen enthalten oder diesen entsprechen und/oder gegebenenfalls auch bisher nicht erwähnte Ausführungsformen einschließen.The invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations and also has the following embodiments. The embodiments are sometimes also called "the invention" for simplicity. The Embodiments may also include or correspond to parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments and / or possibly include embodiments not previously mentioned.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der grundlegenden Idee, ein Trägersystem für Rohrwaffen (mit gezogenem Lauf/Drall) zu entwerfen, um eine Nutzlast (Konstruktionssplitter, Flechets, andere Wirkelemente) aus einem gezogenen Lauf zu verbringen. Gleichzeitig soll eine Zerlegung im Lauf ausgeschlossen sein.The invention is based on the basic idea of designing a carrier system for barrel weapons (with a drawn barrel / twist) in order to spend a payload (construction splinters, flechets, other active elements) from a drawn barrel. At the same time, disassembly in the run should be excluded.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der grundlegenden Idee, durch den Sog am Geschossboden (der aerodynamisch während des Fluges entsteht) und einen Lufteinlass, der (ebenfalls aerodynamisch während des Fluges) einen Überdruck im Geschoss-Innenraum (Aufnahmeraum) erzeugt, das Geschoss (in Axialrichtung) auseinander zu ziehen und zu öffnen (die Hülle vom Geschossboden zu trennen).The invention is based on the basic idea that the projectile (in the axial direction) is created by the suction on the floor (which arises aerodynamically during flight) and an air inlet which (also aerodynamically during flight) creates an overpressure in the interior of the floor (receiving space). to pull apart and open (to separate the shell from the floor).
Gegenüber klassischen Cargo-Geschossen mit Zeitzünder und Ausstoßladung benötigt das erfindungsgemäße Trägergeschoss keinen teuren Zeitzünder mit Pyrotechnik und kann auch insbesondere in kleinen Kalibern (Mittelkaliber, .50/12,7mm oder größer) eingesetzt werden. Des Weiteren ist im Geschoss selbst keine chemische Energie gespeichert, was die Gefährdung durch Explosivstoffe völlig vermeidet. Die Frage nach IM-Eigenschaften (insensitive Munition) stellt sich so erst gar nicht. Eine vorzeitige Öffnung und Zerlegung im Lauf ist technisch ausgeschlossen. Dies ist dadurch begründet, dass das Öffnen des Geschosses erst durch dynamische Vorgänge während des Fluges bewerkstelligt werden kann; im Lauf wird dagegen Druck auf einen massiven Boden (Geschossboden) ausgeübt. Das Verbleiben von Geschossteilen im Lauf ist technisch ausgeschlossen.Compared to classic cargo projectiles with a time fuse and exhaust charge, the carrier projectile according to the invention does not require an expensive time fuse with pyrotechnics and can also be used in particular in small calibers (medium caliber, .50 / 12.7 mm or larger). Furthermore, no chemical energy is stored in the floor itself, which completely avoids the danger from explosives. The question of IM properties (insensitive ammunition) does not arise in the first place. Premature opening and disassembly during the run is technically impossible. This is due to the fact that the opening of the projectile can only be accomplished by dynamic processes during the flight; in contrast, pressure is exerted on a solid floor (floor) during the run. It is technically impossible for bullet parts to remain in the barrel.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, Wirkmittel (z. B. Splitter oder Flechets) aus einem gezogenen Lauf zu verbringen, ohne dass dabei ein Öffnen des Trägergeschosses und eine Freigabe der Wirkmittel im Lauf möglich ist. Die Erfindung erlaubt dabei eine Umsetzung, ohne dabei auf einen (teuren) Zünder oder andere Entsicherungseinrichtungen zurückgreifen zu müssen. Die Erfindung erlaubt dabei ebenfalls eine Umsetzung, ohne chemische Energie speichern zu müssen. Dies führt zu einem Vorteil bei IM-Fragen, chemischer Kompatibilität, Lagerstabilität und Lagergruppeneinstufung.According to the invention, it is possible to spend active agents (for example splinters or flechets) from a drawn barrel without opening the carrier projectile and releasing the active agents in the barrel. The invention allows implementation without having to resort to an (expensive) igniter or other unlocking devices. The invention also allows implementation without having to store chemical energy. This leads to an advantage in IM questions, chemical compatibility, storage stability and storage group classification.
Gemäß der Erfindung erfolgt eine Freigabe der Nutzlast unmittelbar nach dem Lauf (0-5m, insbesondere 0,5-3m, insbesondere 1-2m). Das Trägersystem (Trägergeschoss) ermöglicht die Verbringung ähnlich zu Schrot oder Kanistermunition aus gezogenen Läufen, bei gleichzeitigem (optionalem) Drallübertrag auf die Nutzlast.According to the invention, the payload is released immediately after the run (0-5m, in particular 0.5-3m, in particular 1-2m). The carrier system (carrier bullet) enables the transfer, similar to shot or can ammunition from drawn barrels, with simultaneous (optional) swirl transfer to the payload.
Das Trägergeschoss wird wie ein klassisches Geschoss in einem Lauf beschleunigt. Im Falle eines gezogenen Laufes wird durch das Führungsband der Drall übertragen. Durch den anstehenden Druck auf das Heck des Geschosses, wird es beschleunigt und der versiegelte Lufteinlass (Öffnung mit Füllelement) geöffnet (Entfernen des Füllelements aus der Öffnung durch Abschussschock). In der folgenden Flugphase (nach Verlassen des Laufes) entfällt die Beschleunigungskraft am Heck und wird durch einen Sog (verursacht durch die vorbeiströmende Luft) ersetzt. Gleichzeitig sorgt die (durch die Öffnung/Lufteinlass) einströmende Luft für einen Überdruck im Geschoss-Innenraum (Aufnahmeraum). Sog und Überdruck sorgen für ein Öffnen des Geschosses (Trennung von Geschossboden und Hülle). Durch die beschleunigende Kraft im Lauf ist eine Zerlegung des Geschosses im Lauf ausgeschlossen.The carrier floor is accelerated in one run like a classic floor. In the case of a drawn barrel, the twist is transmitted through the guide belt. The pressure exerted on the rear of the projectile accelerates it and opens the sealed air inlet (opening with filler element) (removal of the filler element from the opening by means of a launch shock). In the following flight phase (after leaving the run) the acceleration force at the rear is eliminated and is replaced by a suction (caused by the air flowing past). At the same time, the air flowing in (through the opening / air inlet) creates overpressure in the interior of the floor (receiving space). Suction and overpressure ensure that the floor opens (separation of floor and shell). Due to the accelerating force in the barrel, the bullet cannot be disassembled in the barrel.
Wenn eine Drallübertragung auf die Nutzlast gewünscht ist, kann ein optionales Drallübertragungssystem (Drallübertragungselement) eingesetzt werden. Ein Grund für eine gewünschte Drallübertragung auf die Nutzlast wäre eine größere Auffächerung der Nutzlast (in der Regel Effektoren), um den Wirkbereich (kegelförmig vor der Waffenmündung) zu vergrößern.If swirl transmission to the payload is desired, an optional swirl transmission system (swirl transmission element) can be used. One reason for a desired swirl transmission to the payload would be a larger fanning out of the payload (usually effectors) in order to enlarge the effective range (conical in front of the muzzle).
Wenn eine Drallübertragung nicht gewünscht ist, um den Wirkbereich zu strecken und mehr in die Tiefe zu wirken, kann das Drallübertragungselement ersetzt werden. In diesem Fall ist im Geschossboden eine drehbare Wanne (Aufnahmekörper) eingesetzt, in dem sich die Nutzlast drallentkoppelt befindet.If swirl transmission is not desired in order to stretch the effective area and work more deeply, the swirl transmission element can be replaced. In this case, a rotatable trough (receiving body) is used in the floor, in which the payload is twist-decoupled.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es also möglich, Drall auf die Nutzlast zu übertragen oder diese vom Drall zu entkoppeln.According to the invention it is therefore possible to transfer swirl to the payload or to decouple it from the swirl.
Weitere Merkmale, Wirkungen und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung sowie der beigefügten Figuren. Dabei zeigen in einer schematischen Prinzipskizze:
- Figur 1
- ein Trägergeschoss in a) Außenansicht und b) im Querschnitt (Linie Ib-Ib in
Fig. 1a ), Figur 2- eine Darstellung der Funktionsweise des Trägergeschosses aus
Figur 1 in den Phasen a) Abschuss, b) Flug und c) Öffnung (Darstellung gemäßFig. 1b ), - Figur 3
- den Geschossboden des Trägergeschosses aus
Figur 1 mit Drallübertragungselement a) im Schnitt gemäßFig. 1b und b ) in Draufsicht entgegen der Richtung des Pfeils 6 inFig. 3a , Figur 4- den Geschossboden des Trägergeschosses aus
Figur 1 mit Drallentkopplungselement im Schnitt gemäßFig. 1b .
- Figure 1
- a carrier floor in a) exterior view and b) in cross section (line Ib-Ib in
Fig. 1a ), - Figure 2
- a representation of the mode of operation of the supporting floor
Figure 1 in phases a) launch, b) flight and c) opening (presentation according toFig. 1b ), - Figure 3
- the floor of the main floor
Figure 1 with swirl transmission element a) in section according1b and b ) in plan view against the direction ofarrow 6 inFig. 3a , - Figure 4
- the floor of the main floor
Figure 1 with swirl decoupling element in section accordingFig. 1b .
Das Trägergeschoss 2 enthält außerdem eine Hülle 14 in Form einer oberen Geschosshülle, die in dem in
Geschossboden 8 und Hülle 14 umgeben einen Aufnahmeraum 16 im Inneren des Trägergeschosses 2. Im Aufnahmeraum 16 befördert das Trägergeschoss 2 eine hier nur symbolisch angedeutete Nutzlast 17, hier Konstruktionssplitter.
Das Trägergeschoss 2 enthält eine Trennvorrichtung 18. Bei der bestimmungsgemäßen Benutzung des Trägergeschosses 2, d. h. nach dessen Abschuss und während dessen Fluges, nämlich nach Verlassen eines in
Die Trennvorrichtung 18 enthält eine Öffnung 24 in der Hülle 14. Die Hülle 14 ist also von der Öffnung 24 durchbrochen, die eine Lufteinlassöffnung bildet, wie später erläutert wird. Die Öffnung 24 befindet sich an demjenigen Ende 26 des Trägergeschosses 2 bzw. der Hülle 14, welches bezüglich der Flugrichtung 6 vorne liegt. Hier befindet sich die Öffnung 24 an der Spitze 28 des Trägergeschosses 2 beziehungsweise der Hülle 14.The separating
In
Die Trennvorrichtung 18 enthält weiterhin eine Fläche 32, die am Geschossboden 8 angeordnet ist. Hier ist die Fläche 32 durch das Ende 34 des Trägergeschosses 2 bzw. des Geschossbodens 8 gebildet, welches dem Ende 26 bzw. der Spitze 28 bezüglich der Flugrichtung 6 gegenüberliegt.The separating
Das Führungsband 12 dient zur Abdichtung des Trägergeschosses 2 bzw. des Geschossbodens 8 gegenüber dem Lauf 22 bzw. dessen Innenseite. Der Lauf 22 ist ein gezogener Lauf 22. Das Führungsband 12 dient daher auch zur Drallübertragung vom Lauf 22 auf den Geschossboden 8 und damit das gesamte Trägergeschoss 2.The
Die Funktionsweise des Trägergeschosses 2 wird wie folgt erläutert:
Bei seiner Benutzung wird das Trägergeschoss 2 in die Rohrwaffe 20 bzw. deren Lauf 22 eingebracht und in herkömmlicher Weise abgeschossen.
When it is used, the
Während dieses Abschussvorgangs im Lauf 22 wird das Trägergeschoss 2 durch einen nicht näher dargestellten Antrieb (Treibladung) beschleunigt. Der Antrieb bzw. die Beschleunigungskraft ist durch einen Pfeil 38 symbolisiert. Die entsprechende Kraft greift am Geschossboden 8 bzw. der Fläche 32 bzw. dem Ende 34 an und wirkt in Richtung der Flugrichtung 6. Gleichzeitig wird durch den Abschussschock die versiegelte Luft-Einlassöffnung (Öffnung 24, verschlossen durch Füllelement 30) nach innen geöffnet: das Füllelement 30 wird also vermittels seiner Massenträgheit aus der Öffnung 24 gelöst und in Richtung des Pfeils 40 in den Aufnahmeraum 16 befördert. Verlässt das Trägergeschoss 2 die nicht dargestellte Mündungsöffnung des Laufs 22, endet der Antrieb bzw. die Beschleunigung des Trägergeschosses 2.During this firing process in barrel 22, the
Gleichzeitig findet ein zweiter Effekt statt: durch die Öffnung 24 bzw. Lufteinlassöffnung strömt (angedeutet durch den Pfeil 44) Luft 40 in den Aufnahmeraum 16 bzw. Innenraum des Trägergeschosses 2. Mit anderen Worten baut sich aufgrund der Aerodynamik ein entsprechender Staudruck im Aufnahmeraum 16 auf, der den Umgebungsdruck übersteigt. Somit entsteht ein Überdruck im Trägergeschoss 2 bzw. Aufnahmeraum 16 gegenüber der umgebenden Luft 40. Auch dieser Staudruck bzw. Überdruck bewirkt einen Teil der Lösekraft L. Im Beispiel setzt sich die Lösekraft L genau aus den beiden genannten Komponenten (Sog und Staudruck) zusammen.At the same time, a second effect takes place: through the
- 22nd
- TrägergeschossCarrier floor
- 44th
- MittellängsachseCentral longitudinal axis
- 66
- FlugrichtungFlight direction
- 88th
- GeschossbodenFloor
- 1010th
- UmfangsflächeCircumferential surface
- 1212th
- FührungsbandGuide band
- 1414
- HülleCover
- 1616
- AufnahmeraumRecording room
- 1717th
- Nutzlastpayload
- 1818th
- TrennvorrichtungSeparator
- 2020th
- RohrwaffeBarrel weapon
- 2222
- LaufRun
- 2424th
- Öffnungopening
- 2626
- EndeThe End
- 2828
- Spitzetop
- 3030th
- FüllelementFilling element
- 3232
- Flächesurface
- 3434
- EndeThe End
- 3636
- Verbindungconnection
- 3737
- VerbindungsmittelLanyard
- 3838
- Pfeilarrow
- 4040
- Luftair
- 4242
- Pfeilarrow
- 4444
- Pfeilarrow
- 5050
- DrallübertragungselementSwirl transmission element
- 5252
- Wandwall
- 5454
- DrallentkopplungselementSwirl decoupling element
- 5656
- AufnahmekörperReceiving body
- AA
- AusgangszustandInitial state
- LL
- LösekraftDissolving power
- GG
- GrenzkraftLimit force
Claims (14)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Lösekraft (L) aerodynamisch am Trägergeschoss (2) während des Fluges des Trägergeschosses (2) erzeugt ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the release force (L) is generated aerodynamically on the carrier floor (2) during the flight of the carrier floor (2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Lösekraft (L) durch Luftdruck erzeugt ist, der durch den Flug erzeugt ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the release force (L) is generated by air pressure generated by the flight.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Trennvorrichtung (18) eine Öffnung (24) in der Hülle (14) enthält, die während des Fluges einem Staudruck anströmender Luft ausgesetzt ist, wobei durch den Staudruck ein Überdruck in Form von Luftdruck im Aufnahmeraum (16) erzeugt ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the separating device (18) contains an opening (24) in the casing (14) which is exposed to a back pressure of inflowing air during flight, the back pressure creating an overpressure in the form of air pressure in the receiving space (16).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sich die Öffnung (24) an dem in Flugrichtung (6) weisenden vorderen Ende (26) der Hülle (14) befindet.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the opening (24) is located at the front end (26) of the casing (14) pointing in the direction of flight (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Trennvorrichtung (18) ein die Öffnung (24) im Ausgangszustand (A) verschließendes Füllelement (30) enthält.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized,
that the separating device (18) contains a filling element (30) closing the opening (24) in the initial state (A).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Füllelement (30) durch einen beim Abfeuern des Geschosses (2) auftretenden Abschussschock aus der Öffnung (24) entfernbar ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the filling element (30) can be removed from the opening (24) by a launch shock occurring when the projectile (2) is fired.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Trennvorrichtung (18) eine am Geschossboden (8) angeordnete Fläche (32) enthält, die während des Fluges einer Sogkraft durch vorbeiströmende Luft ausgesetzt ist, wobei die Sogkraft entgegen der Flugrichtung (6) von der Hülle (14) weg gerichtet ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to one of Claims 2 to 7,
characterized,
that the separating device (18) contains a surface (32) which is arranged on the floor (8) and which is exposed to a suction force during the flight due to air flowing past, the suction force being directed away from the casing (14) against the direction of flight (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Geschossboden (8) und die Hülle (14) im Ausgangszustand (A) durch eine Reibschluss- und/oder Formschluss-Verbindung (36) aneinander gehalten sind, die bei Aufbringen der Grenzkraft (G) lösbar ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the floor (8) and the casing (14) are held together in the initial state (A) by a frictional and / or positive connection (36) which can be released when the limiting force (G) is applied.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Trägergeschoss (2) ein Trägergeschoss (2) für eine Rohrwaffe (20) mit einem gezogenen Lauf (22) ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the carrier bullet (2) is a carrier bullet (2) for a barrel weapon (20) with a drawn barrel (22).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Trägergeschoss (2) im Aufnahmeraum (16) ein Drallübertragungselement (50) aufweist, das am Geschossboden (8) und/oder an der Hülle (14) befestigt ist und zur Drallübertragung den Aufnahmeraum (16) zumindest teilweise durchsetzt.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 10,
characterized,
that the carrier projectile (2) in the receiving space (16) has a swirl transmission element (50) which is on the floor (8) and / or the sleeve (14) is fastened and at least partially passes through the receiving space (16) for swirl transmission.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Drallübertragungselement (50) mindestens eine sich zumindest teilweise durch den Aufnahmeraum (16) erstreckende Wand (52) enthält oder ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the swirl transmission element (50) contains or is at least one wall (52) extending at least partially through the receiving space (16).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Trägergeschoss (2) ein Drallentkopplungselement (54) zur Aufnahme zumindest eines Teils der Nutzlast (17) enthält, wobei das Drallentkopplungselement (54) vom Geschossboden (8) und der Hülle (14) bezüglich einer Rotation um die Mittellängsachse (4) entkoppelt ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to one of Claims 10 to 12,
characterized,
that the carrier projectile (2) contains a swirl decoupling element (54) for receiving at least a part of the payload (17), the swirl decoupling element (54) decoupling from the floor of the floor (8) and the casing (14) with respect to a rotation about the central longitudinal axis (4) is.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Drallentkopplungselement (54) einen Aufnahmekörper (56) für zumindest einen Teil der Nutzlast (17) enthält, der im Geschossboden (8) und in der Hülle (14) um die Mittellängsachse (4) rotierbar ist.Carrier projectile (2) according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the swirl decoupling element (54) contains a receiving body (56) for at least part of the payload (17), which can be rotated in the floor (8) and in the casing (14) about the central longitudinal axis (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102018008079.0A DE102018008079A1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | Carrier bullet for a barrel weapon |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3637039A1 true EP3637039A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3637039B1 EP3637039B1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
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EP19201711.9A Active EP3637039B1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2019-10-07 | Carrier projectile for a gun |
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DE (1) | DE102018008079A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3802345A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1974-04-09 | Aai Corp | Multiple projectile sabot assembly for use in rifled barrel |
US20140251173A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-11 | Shawn P. Schneider | Inert and Pressure-Actuated Submunitions Dispensing Projectile |
US20170356728A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Retroreflector array and cover for optical bullet tracking |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3024729A (en) * | 1948-04-24 | 1962-03-13 | Cornell Aeronautical Labor Inc | Ram jet projectile |
CA1013197A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1977-07-05 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Tubular projectile |
US6763765B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-07-20 | Harold Crowson | Break-away gas check for muzzle-loading firearms |
US9329008B1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Low collateral damage kinetic energy projectile |
-
2018
- 2018-10-12 DE DE102018008079.0A patent/DE102018008079A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-10-07 EP EP19201711.9A patent/EP3637039B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3802345A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1974-04-09 | Aai Corp | Multiple projectile sabot assembly for use in rifled barrel |
US20140251173A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-11 | Shawn P. Schneider | Inert and Pressure-Actuated Submunitions Dispensing Projectile |
US20170356728A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Retroreflector array and cover for optical bullet tracking |
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