EP3134578A1 - Draht aus hochfestem stahl, insbesondere zum schutz von netzen für geotechnischen gebrauch - Google Patents
Draht aus hochfestem stahl, insbesondere zum schutz von netzen für geotechnischen gebrauchInfo
- Publication number
- EP3134578A1 EP3134578A1 EP15721320.8A EP15721320A EP3134578A1 EP 3134578 A1 EP3134578 A1 EP 3134578A1 EP 15721320 A EP15721320 A EP 15721320A EP 3134578 A1 EP3134578 A1 EP 3134578A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- wires
- waveform
- net
- shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
- E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F1/00—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
- B21F1/04—Undulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
- B21F27/02—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets without additional connecting elements or material at crossings, e.g. connected by knitting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F29/00—Making fencing or like material made partly of wire
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel wire used in the geotechnical field for containing masses, such as earth, rock or snow.
- the steel wire according to the present invention is used for manufacturing protecting nets and similar containment elements, for making rockfall barriers, snow barriers, for works intended to improve the stability of slopes subjected to landslides, for gabionades, etc.
- the steel wire according to the present invention is used for making anchoring devices (also known as tension rods), and in particular passive anchoring devices, used for making foundation works (and therefore for the anchorage to the ground) of containment structures, such as protecting nets, rockfall barriers, snow barriers, etc.
- anchoring devices also known as tension rods
- passive anchoring devices used for making foundation works (and therefore for the anchorage to the ground) of containment structures, such as protecting nets, rockfall barriers, snow barriers, etc.
- wire according to the present invention are possible, such as for the making guywires and energy dissipating devices, to be used in the geotechnical field, for example as components of containment structures, such as protecting nets, rockfall barriers, snow barriers, etc.
- steel wires are used having low breaking strength, for example comprised between 350MPa and 550MPa. This type of steel is widely used because of its excellent workability and the possibility to easily weld it, due to the low carbon content, thereby allowing to more easily manufacture the nets.
- high strength steel wires i.e. having high carbon content
- this material is used for making simple twist nets (with diamond mesh) as described, for example, in European Patent EP0979329.
- the high strength steel wires give stiffness to the protecting nets in which they are used, thus making them not very adaptable to uneven surfaces. Therefore, the use of high strength steel does not allow to dissipate the desired amount of energy, which is a primary object in manufacturing protecting nets in the geotechnical field.
- protecting nets are known whose meshes are made of low strength steel and in which additional reinforcing elements, such as additional wires or bars, are constrained to the net.
- additional reinforcing elements such as additional wires or bars
- Road Mesh® Such a net is marketed, for example, under the trademark Road Mesh®.
- the use of reinforcing wires also decreases the adaptability of the net itself to the surfaces on which the net is arranged.
- the drawback of the reinforcement elements used in the nets is to give transversal stiffness to the structure.
- anchoring device for protecting nets, and similar containment structures, by means of a preferably spiral-like steel rope substantially bent at its center line in a "U" shape so as to form an eyelet, or U- bolt.
- the anchoring device is installed in a ground drilling, in which at least part of the two rope branches extending from the bent portion forming the eyelet, is inserted.
- the anchoring device is made integral with the ground by a suitable binding, e.g. grout, injected into the drilling.
- a reinforcing tube and/or a thimble can be provided at the bent portion of the rope of the anchoring device, i.e. at the eyelet, in order to distribute the loads coming from the protecting net and in general from the containment structure connected to the anchorage at the eyelet.
- the bend of the spiral-like rope at the eyelet reduces the load-bearing capacity of the rope and therefore the breaking strength (the breaking load), in particular when the load acting on the anchoring device operates so as to cause the rope to be deformed at the eyelet provided with the thimble, resulting in an undesired reduction of the curvature radius.
- the breaking strength provided by the anchoring device decreases.
- the known anchoring devices have the drawback that the real breaking strength (breaking load) of the anchoring device diverges, even with significant differences, from the theoretical breaking strength defined as the breaking strength of the rope forming the anchorage multiplied by two.
- the efficiency of the anchoring device is about 0.90 for ropes having a diameter of 14 mm and considerably decreases until about 0.50 for ropes having a diameter of 24 mm.
- a wire usable in the geotechnical field in particular to be used in manufacturing protecting nets as well as anchoring devices, guywires and energy dissipating devices, according to the present invention.
- the wire is made of high strength steel and it is at least partially shaped in a waveform so as to comprise a plurality of crests and valleys arranged alternately one to another.
- the wire according to the present invention comprises at least one portion shaped in a waveform, i.e. a corrugated portion.
- a corrugated portion Preferably, all the length of the wire is shaped in a waveform.
- the expressions "shaped in a waveform” and “corrugated” mean that the wire is shaped so as to comprise a plurality of crests and valleys alternating to form a wave shape, with respect to the straight, rectilinearly extending wire.
- crests and valleys are alternated respectively above and below the straight line along which straight wire extends.
- the wire is shaped in a waveform so that the plurality of crests and valleys is contained in a plane.
- the wire is substantially two-dimensional, that is to say that crests and valleys forming the wave are contained in a plane and do not extend outside that plane.
- the mechanical performances of the wire are improved, in particular in the elastic field.
- a greater wire deformation can be obtained and therefore a greater energy absorption when loads are applied to the wire.
- the wire itself is given a greater elasticity because is straightened, when loaded.
- the corrugated shape of the wire tends to deform so as to get the shape of a straight wire, wherein it is substantially rectilinear, thereby allowing a greater work to be performed within the threshold of the elastic behavior limit.
- the corrugated wire according to the present invention when subjected to tensile strength, advantageously allows the formation of a plurality of deformation areas at crests and valleys.
- the corrugated wire subjected to tensile strength is deformed by reducing its section in a plurality of areas at crests and valleys.
- an elongation occurs in several areas, unlike what occurs in currently used wires (not corrugated, i.e. rectilinear or "straight") that extend if subjected to tensile stress by producing a single deformation area and, in particular, a single area in which the section is reduced, generally at the position where the tensile breakage will occur.
- the corrugated wire according to the present invention consequently allows to perform a greater work, thereby providing increased performances with respect to the rectilinear wire, precisely because of the formation of a plurality of reductions in the section (reductions of the diameter) which cause a plurality of differential elongations acting as a plurality of dissipative elements for the load applied to the wire.
- the present invention further relates to a cable comprising two or more wires according to the present invention.
- the present invention further relates to an anchoring device, a guywire and an energy dissipating device, which comprise a plurality of wires according to the present invention. It should be noted that characteristics/aspects disclosed herein of the wire according to the present invention can be appropriately selected and combined with each other, in particular to modify the corrugated shape, in order to obtain desired characteristics/performances depending on the various uses herein described (e.g. in anchoring devices, guywires, energy dissipating devices, nets, etc.).
- the present invention further relates to a protecting net that can be used in geotechnical field, for example in rockfall barriers, snow barriers, gabions, etc., comprising the high strength steel wire according to the present invention.
- the protecting net can comprise a wire at least partially shaped in a waveform according to the present invention, both for making the mesh of the net, and/or as a reinforcing element of the net.
- the net is given a greater elasticity and therefore a greater ability to adapt to uneven surfaces, for example if the net is arranged in contact with the ground or a wall, etc.
- the protecting net in which, according to an aspect of the present invention, at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, still more preferably at least 90%, or still more preferably 100% is a corrugated wire made of high strength steel, provides a greater deformation of the net if loads caused by falling bodies or masses are applied thereto. Therefore, the net according to the present invention allows a greater amount of energy to be absorbed.
- Figure 1 shows a portion of a possible embodiment of the corrugated wire according to the present invention
- Figure 2 shows the section of the wire of figure 1 along the plane A-A;
- Figure 3 shows a possible embodiment of a double twist net according to the present invention, wherein the corrugated wire according to the present invention is used as a reinforcing wire;
- Figures 3a, 3b and 3c respectively show portions of simple twist (diamond mesh) nets, double twist (hexagonal mesh) nets and nets having a plurality of linked rings, whose meshes can be at least partially formed by the corrugated wire according to the present invention
- Figure 4 is a load-elongation diagram of a tensile test carried out (according to the ETAG 27 guideline) on a triplet of linked rings made of corrugated wire according to the present invention and on a triplet of linked rings formed by a wire having the same mechanical characteristics but being straight (not corrugated);
- Figure 5 is a plan view of a possible embodiment of an anchoring device comprising a plurality of corrugated wires according to the present invention
- ⁇ Figure 5a is a sectional view of the anchoring device of figure 5 at a spacing element (taken along the plane D-D);
- Figure 6, 6a respectively show a plan view and a top view of a possible embodiment of an energy dissipating device comprising a plurality of corrugated wires according to the present invention (figure 6 shows the enlarged section taken along a plane B-B);
- Figure 7 shows a plan view of a possible embodiment of a guywire comprising a plurality of corrugated wires according to the present invention (figure 7 additionally shows the enlarged section taken along the plane C-C).
- the wire 1 for geotechnical use according to the present invention is made of high strength steel and it is at least partially shaped in a waveform so as to comprise a plurality of crests 2 and valleys 3 arranged alternately one to another.
- partially corrugated means that the wire according to the present invention is generally deformed and therefore shaped so as to comprise an alternation of successive crests and valleys.
- "at least partially shaped in a waveform” and “corrugated” have the same meaning.
- the successive crests 2 and valleys 3 alternating one to another have a substantially rounded shape having a pattern comparable, for the sake of simplicity, to a sine wave.
- the wire is shaped in a waveform so that the plurality of crests and valleys substantially lie in a single plane.
- the crests 2 and the valleys 3 of the corrugated wire substantially lie in the same plane which is parallel to, or coincident with, that one of the plate where the wire 1 is shown.
- the wire 1 can be shaped in a waveform different from the alternation of substantially rounded crests 2 and valleys 3 similar to a sine shape, and can also take the shape of a square, triangle, etc. wave or it can take a fretted shape.
- the wire is at least partially corrugated and at least 30% of the wire length is corrugated.
- the corrugation with alternating crests 2 and valleys 3 substantially extends to its full length.
- the waveform is unchanged along the extent of the wire 1.
- the wire is substantially shaped in the same way along its extent and therefore the shape, as well as the size of the crests 2 and the valleys 3 (preferably in terms of wavelength and wave amplitude), are unchanged along the wire extent.
- the wire according to the invention is made of high strength steel, preferably having a breaking strength (tensile strength) comprised between 1000 MPa (N/mm 2 ) and 2400 MPa (N/mm 2 ).
- the high strength steel is the same used for manufacturing steel cables according to standard EN10264, or for manufacturing mechanical springs according to standard EN 10270.
- the elongation at break of the steel wire 1 not shaped in a waveform is equal to, or greater than, 2%.
- the steel wire used to obtain the wire according to the invention in a non-shaped state i.e. in a straight (rectilinear) state
- its elongation at break is equal to, or greater than, 2%.
- the steel wire according to the present invention can be subjected to a surface treatment in order to protect it from oxidation by galvanizing, preferably hot galvanizing, and/or another known treatment adapted to prevent or at least reduce the oxidation.
- the outer surface can be protected from oxidation preferably by applying a coating comprising zinc during a galvanizing process.
- the wire 1 can be subjected to thermal treatments, such as patenting, with the main purpose to provide the material itself with a sufficient workability, for example in order to shape it in a waveform.
- the wire 1 is preferably formed as a single wire, i.e. it is not twisted or stranded with other wires.
- corrugated wires 1 are twisted, stranded or coiled, or subjected to other known processes in order to form a cable after being shaped in a waveform.
- the cable e.g. a braid or rope, is made with two or more straight wires which are corrugated later.
- “cable” means a general element, such as a strand, a rope, a braid, etc. comprising two or more wires.
- the wires can be constrained to each other in many ways, for example by coiling, stranding, twisting or other known techniques.
- section S of the wire 1 it is preferably circular, as in the embodiment illustrated in figures 1 and 2.
- figure 2 shows a view of the section S of the wire 1 of figure 1 at the plane A-A.
- the wire 1 has a section S which is constant along its extent, i.e. the section taken in different positions along its extent remains unchanged.
- the section S of the wire 1 can take non-circular form and can include, for example, a flat (e.g. rectangular) section, or an oval section, etc.
- the diameter D of the circular section S of the wire 1 is comprised between 1.5 mm and 6. mm, preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm, and still more preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm, limits included. If the section S of the wire is not circular, the above reported size of the diameter D can be referred to the diameter of the circumference circumscribable to the non-circular section of the wire.
- the wire 1 according to the present invention made of high strength steel and having at least one portion shaped in a waveform and preferably extending along its entire length, it is possible to increase the wire deformation so as to increase the dissipated energy when a load is applied.
- the wavelength ⁇ and the wave amplitude y are selected such that the length of the straight wire, i.e. before at least one portion thereof is shaped in a waveform, is equal to, or greater than 3% of the length of the wire 1 after the latter has been at least partially shaped in a waveform.
- the wavelength ⁇ is measured between two successive crests 2 and/or successive valleys 3, as shown for example in figure 1.
- the wave amplitude y is measured between a crest 2 and the successive valley 3 (or between a valley 3 and the successive crest 2), as shown for example in figure 1.
- the wavelength ⁇ between two successive crests 2 and/or two successive valleys 3, is equal to, or greater than 9 mm. According to an aspect of the present invention, the wavelength ⁇ between two successive crests 2 and/or two successive valleys 3, is equal to, or less than 40 mm.
- the wave amplitude y between a crest 2 and a valley 3 is equal to, or greater than 2.6mm. Further, according to an aspect of the present invention, the wave amplitude y between a crest 2 and a valley 3 is equal to, or less than 12 mm. Further, it should be noted that the sizes of the wire waveform can depend on the diameter D of the section of the used wire 1. For example, according to a possible embodiment, for a wire 1. having a diameter equal to 6mm, a wavelength ⁇ of 40mm and a wave amplitude y of 12 mm are used.
- the elongation at break of the straight wire, not shaped in a waveform is equal to 2.4%.
- the elongation measured during the test was equal to 1120 mm, i.e. almost 12%, which is considerably greater than the elongation generated by simply straightening the wire, equal to 50mm, and than its elongation at break which, as said, is 2.4%.
- a greater elongation of the wire allows a greater amount of energy to be dissipated.
- the corrugated wire is able to dissipate an amount of kinetic energy equal to approximately five times the amount of the kinetic energy dissipated by a straight wire, i.e. not shaped in a waveform, having the same characteristics.
- each ring is manufactured with seven windings of corrugated wire 1 and the ends of the corrugated wire constituting the ring are locked by means of a pressed sleeve, or like constraining means.
- the triplet of rings is able to resist quasi- static stresses of about 120 kN as a result of a recorded elongation of about 100 mm (the elongation is preferably measured starting at the time in which a load increase is recorded).
- the triplet resists a quasi-static stress of about 120 kN as a result of a recorded elongation slightly less than 20 mm (as in the preceding case, the elongation is measured starting at the time in which a load increases is recorded).
- Figure 4 compares the load-elongation curve of the triplet of rings made of corrugated wire according to the invention with a load-elongation curve of a triplet of rings made of a wire having the same mechanical characteristics but straight, and therefore not corrugated.
- the obtained and compared values highlight that the triplet of rings made of corrugated wire according to the invention has a 400% greater elongation with respect to the one made from not corrugated wire, although they are subjected to the same load.
- the amounts of energy dissipated by the two triplets are respectively of 9700J (for the corrugated wire) and 1300J (for the straight wire), the difference between the two values being greater than 600%.
- the corrugated wire just as a result of the corrugation, is able to almost evenly distribute among all the wires the total force applied during the test, thereby causing a simultaneous breakage of the wires at the connection point with the adjacent ring.
- the triplet made from the not corrugated wire was not allowed to benefit from the ability of distributing the stresses among the various wires forming the ring and, as a result, the breakage occurred only on some wires.
- the corrugated wire 1 according to the present invention can be used for making nets 10 for geotechnical use.
- the wire 1 according to the present invention can also be used for making anchoring devices 50, guywires 60 and energy dissipating devices 70. Additional uses, not described herein, are also possible.
- a cable according to the invention comprising two or more wires 1 , which can be used for making the mesh of the net and/or for making additional reinforcement elements of the net.
- the corrugated wire 1 according to the invention can be used for making the mesh of the net and/or for making one or more reinforcing wires to be added, and therefore constrained, to the protecting net.
- the protecting net 10 for geotechnical use according to the invention comprises a plurality of wires 11 forming the mesh of the net 10, and at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, still more preferably at least 90%, or still more preferably 100% of the wires forming the mesh of the net are wires 1 made of high strength steel and at least partially shaped in a waveform according to the present invention. This embodiment is not shown in attached figures.
- the net 10 according to the present invention can have a diamond mesh (known as single mesh or single twist net), or a hexagonal mesh (for example double twist net), or a mesh comprising a plurality of rings 12 which are linked, or constrained, or connected one to another to form the mesh of the net.
- Figure 3a, 3b and 3c show, respectively, portions of single twist or double twist nets and linked ring nets, although the use of corrugated wire 1 is not shown.
- the present invention further relates to a protecting net 10 for geotechnical use comprising a plurality of wires 11 forming the mesh of the net, and at least one additional reinforcing wire 11a made of high strength steel and having at least one portion shaped in a waveform according to the present invention.
- the mesh of the net in which the at least one reinforcing wire 11 a is present can be made from common straight wires, made of any material, for example also low strength steel.
- the net comprising a plurality of wires 11 forming the mesh of the net 10 and at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, still more preferably at least 90%, or still more preferably 100% of the wires forming the mesh of the net are wires 1 made of high strength steel and at least partially shaped in a waveform according to the present invention, can be provided with at least one reinforcing wire 11a made of high strength steel and at least partially shaped in a waveform according to the present invention.
- the wires forming the mesh of the net and/or the reinforcing wires of which the net can be provided with are not welded and, in general, between them movable knots 11c are formed among the meshes and/or among the meshes and the at least one reinforcing wire, if present.
- Figure 3 shows a possible embodiment of a double twist net 10 wherein the corrugated wire 1 according to the present invention is used as a reinforcing wire 11a.
- reinforcing wires 11a are arranged, made from wires 1 according to the invention, and made of high strength steel and corrugated.
- the reinforcing wires 11a are passed at the sides of the hexagonal mesh where the wires 11 forming the mesh are twisted, so as to cause the movable knots 11c between the mesh of the net and the at least one reinforcing Wire to be formed.
- the mesh and the reinforcing wires 11a can still move with respect to each other thereby allowing the deformation of the corrugated wire 1 according to the invention of the reinforcing wires 11a, which deformation allows a greater amount of energy to be dissipated, as previously discussed.
- the steel wire according to the present invention is not intended to be used only in these applications.
- the wire 1 according to the present invention can be used for making anchoring devices 50.
- the anchoring device also known as tension rod
- the anchoring device is of passive type and can be either permanent or temporary.
- the wires 1 of the anchoring device 50 are bent substantially in a U- shape to form an eyelet 51 (or U-bolt).
- bent substantially in a U-shape means herein that the wires 1 of the anchoring device 50 are bent to form a central portion, i.e. the eyelet 51 , having the two ends of the wire 1 extending from this central portion so as to form two branches 1a, 1b of the substantially U shape.
- the wires 1 are bent at their center line (i.e. in the middle of their length) so that the two branches 1a, 1b have substantially the same length.
- the wires 1 and in particular the various branches formed as a result of the substantially U-shaped bending, can be arranged in such a way as to be substantially parallel, or they can be wound to each other and, in particular, they can form a braid.
- the corrugated wires 1 used in the anchoring device 50 according to the present invention can be twisted, stranded or coiled, or subjected to other known processes.
- the ends of the wires 1 can be gathered together and connected to each other by means of an end connector 56.
- Such connector 56 can be pointy-shaped so as to help the insertion of the anchoring device 50 into the drilling where it has to be installed.
- the anchoring device 50 can be installed in a ground drilling, in a known way, by inserting therein at least part of the branches 1a, 1b extending from the central portion wherein the wires are bent to form the eyelet 51.
- the anchoring device is made integral with the ground by a suitable binding injected into the drilling.
- the corrugated shape of the wire 1 allows to improve the adhesion of the binder injected into the drilling, thereby significantly improving the grip between the anchoring device and ground.
- the anchoring device 50 can be provided with an injection duct (not shown) generally made of plastic material and arranged among the wires 1 of the device, and in particular between the branches 1a, 1b of the wires 1.
- the anchoring device according to the present invention can be used in the geotechnical field, therefore being able to be installed in the ground, for example to form foundations of protecting nets and in general of containment structures such as rockfall barriers and snow barriers, which can be directly or indirectly connected to the anchoring device 50, preferably at the eyelet 51 formed by the corrugated wires 1 substantially bent in a U shape. It should be noted that, according to the needs, it is possible to change the number of corrugated wires 1 used to make the anchoring device 50 that is selected in general according to the desired breaking load (breaking strength).
- the use of a plurality of corrugated wires 1 for the realization of the anchoring device allows to maintain a high device efficiency while allowing, at the same time, a reduction of the material (and therefore of its weight).
- the corrugated shape provides a greater elongation of wire thereby allowing a greater amount of energy to be dissipated.
- a thimble 53 or a similar element, arranged at the eyelet 51 , i.e. at the central portion of the wires 1 bent substantially in a U-shape.
- the anchoring device 50 comprises a tubular element 54 and at least part of the length of the plurality of wires 1 is inserted therein and then bent substantially in a U-shape.
- the tubular element 54 is preferably made of steel, preferably galvanized steel.
- the anchoring device 50 comprises one or more spacing elements 55 arranged at the branches 1a, 1 b of the wires 1.
- the spacing element 55 comprises a substantially cylindrical body.
- the spacing element 55 can be shaped so as to form a plurality of seats 55a, which are adapted to accommodate at least part of the branches 1a, 1b of the wires 1.
- the spacing element 55 comprises a plurality of projecting fins 55b for the branches 1a, 1b of the wires 1 to pass therebetween.
- the wires 1 and in particular the branches 1a, 1b are arranged 55b among the fins 55b of the spacing element 55.
- the number of fins 55b and/or seats 55a can be set depending on the number of wires 1 used.
- the number of wires 1 and, in particular of the branches 1a, 1b, passing between two fins 55b of a plurality of fins (and/or in each seat 55b of a plurality of seats) is constant.
- the spacing element 55 comprises ten seats 55a, 55b each formed between two fins, intended to receive each of the three branches of the wires 1.
- the spacing element 55 allows the wires 1 and in particular the branches 1a, 1b to be supported.
- the spacing element 55 allows the wires 1 to be inserted effectively into the ground drilling where the anchoring device 50 is installed, in order to perform the proper centering inside it.
- the wire 1 according to the present invention can be used for making guywires 60, as shown for example in figure 7
- the guywire 60 comprises two or more wires 1 at least partially shaped in a waveform.
- the wires 1 having the same length are preferably arranged so as to be substantially parallel to each other.
- the ends of the wires 1 are constrained together by at least one end connector 61.
- the ends of the wires 1 are gathered together and made integral with each other by means of an end connector 61 preferably made of a metal material.
- the guywire 60 comprises two connectors 61 arranged at the two ends of the wires 1.
- corrugated wires 1 used to form the guywire 60 can change according to the needs. In the embodiment shown in figure 7 six wires 1 are used.
- the guywire 60 according to the present invention can be used in geotechnical field, for example to be directly or indirectly connected to protecting nets and, in general, to containment structures such as rockfall barriers and snow barriers.
- Such structures can be directly or indirectly connected to the guywire 60 that can be provided with at least one connecting element 62 that can be either constrained to the end connector 61 or made in one piece therewith.
- a shackle 62 is connected to a seat 61a of the end connector 61.
- end connector 61 itself can act as a connecting element to connect to a structure, for example to a cable of a structure.
- the corrugated shape of the wire 1 used in the guywire 60 provides a greater elongation of the wire thereby allowing a greater amount of energy to be dissipated.
- the guywire 60 comprising the wire 1 optimizes the strength of the wire 1 and exploits the deformation of its waveform in order to counterbalance the effect of unexpected stresses.
- the wire 1 according to the present invention can be used for making energy dissipating devices 70, as shown for example in figures 6, 6a.
- the energy dissipating device 70 comprises one or more wires 1 at least partially shaped in a waveform and preferably forming a closed line.
- the used wires 1 have a closed shape, i.e. the two ends of each wire are connected (made integral with each other) to each other so as to form a closed wire 1.
- the wires 1 form a preferably and substantially circular, or oval, or elongated closed line.
- the wires 1 form a ring that can be substantially circular (as shown for example in the attached figures), or can have an elongated and/or flattened shape.
- corrugated wires 1 used to form the energy dissipating device 70, can change according to the needs. In the embodiment shown in figures 6, 6a three wires 1 are used.
- the energy dissipating device 70 according to the present invention can be used in geotechnical field, for example to be directly or indirectly connected to protecting nets and, in general, to containment structures such as rockfall barriers and snow barriers.
- Such structures can be directly or indirectly connected to the energy dissipating device 70 that can be provided with at least one connecting element 71 that can be either constrained to one or more wires 1 or made in one piece therewith.
- two shackles 71 are connected to the wires 1 in order to allow, for example, a structure (not shown) to be connected to cables.
- connecting elements 71 to directly or indirectly connect the energy dissipating device 70, and in particular the wires 1 , to a structure (for example to a cable of a structure) can be used, such as rings, U-bolts, etc.
- the corrugated shape provides a greater elongation of the wire thereby allowing a greater amount of energy to be dissipated.
- the energy dissipating device 70 exploits the characteristics of the corrugated wire 1 according to the present invention and, in particular, its improved deforming characteristics to obtain a greater energy dissipation.
- a manufacturing method comprising the shaping of a high strength steel "straight" wire, so as to form at least one portion shaped in a waveform, allows an easy and cost-effective production of the wire 1.
- the method can comprise the step of putting the wire in contact with, and/or passing the wire through, deforming means able to obtain the waveform.
- the wire deforming means can comprise at least one, and preferably at least a pair of toothed wheels, generally shaped so as to form crests and valleys of the waveform of the wire.
- the wire is moved in contact with the wheel, or wheels, or similar deforming means in order to cause its deformation and thus the at least partial shaping thereof in a waveform.
- the method is such that the corrugated wire 1 takes the shape and size (preferably in terms of wavelength and wave amplitude) described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI20140560 | 2014-03-31 | ||
PCT/IB2015/052359 WO2015151025A1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Wire made of high strength steel, particularly for protecting nets for geotechnical use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3134578A1 true EP3134578A1 (de) | 2017-03-01 |
Family
ID=50877571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15721320.8A Withdrawn EP3134578A1 (de) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Draht aus hochfestem stahl, insbesondere zum schutz von netzen für geotechnischen gebrauch |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170121919A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3134578A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015151025A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6745624B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-08-26 | 東亜グラウト工業株式会社 | 飛来物防護バリア |
PL235814B1 (pl) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-10-19 | Ryszard Odziomek | Druciana plecionka oraz sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania drucianej plecionki |
CN114210875A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | 东莞新峰家居实业有限公司 | 一种用于铁线的波浪成型*** |
CN115450234B (zh) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-24 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | 一种适用高能冲击的拦挡防护结构及其施工方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3140927A (en) * | 1961-07-06 | 1964-07-14 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Wire form |
AT348577B (de) * | 1973-01-10 | 1979-02-26 | Weber Hans Georg Dipl Ing | Hohlraumausbautafel nach dem gitterskelettsystem |
DE3114374C1 (de) * | 1981-04-09 | 1982-11-04 | Dr. R. Fenne Gmbh & Co Eisen- Und Metallprodukte Kg, 4270 Dorsten | Verzugmatte für den Grubenausbau |
GB2108539A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1983-05-18 | Lord Corp | Meshed-strand resilient elements |
US4494576A (en) * | 1982-05-29 | 1985-01-22 | Concrete Pipe & Products Corp. | Reinforcing system for concrete pipe |
US4602476A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1986-07-29 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Plastic filled wire rope with strand spacer |
JPS6284775A (ja) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-04-18 | ヘパツクス リミテツド | 電気医学的治療装置 |
US5029779A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1991-07-09 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Welded netting with deformed stretching wires |
DE69032298T2 (de) * | 1989-12-20 | 1998-11-05 | Tokusen Kogyo Kk | Stahlseil zur Verstärkung von elastomeren Erzeugnissen |
JP2534830B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-07 | 1996-09-18 | 英夫 樽本 | ワイヤロ―プ及びワイヤ波付け装置 |
FR2751008B1 (fr) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-03-19 | Lamotte Serge | Fibres metalliques, utilisables notamment pour le renforcement du beton, leur procede de fabrication et leur utilisation |
CH692921A5 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 2002-12-13 | Fatzer Ag | Drahtgeflecht vorzugsweise als Steinschlagschutz oder für die Sicherung einer Erdoberflächenschicht. |
AU2001290757A1 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-26 | Pall Corporation | Apparatus and process for producing high quality metallic fiber tow |
US20080289389A1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-27 | Fitch Bradley A | Wire-forming apparatus |
WO2009086960A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Mining mesh with double knot |
JP2009203681A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-10 | Purotekku Engineering:Kk | 落石防止構造と落石防止方法 |
US7832250B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2010-11-16 | L&P Property Management Company | Method and apparatus for automating production of sinuous springs |
EP2382101A1 (de) * | 2009-01-28 | 2011-11-02 | NV Bekaert SA | Gekrimpter flachdraht als kern für einen ovalen kord |
US20100269950A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Apparatus and Method for Forming a Wave Form for a Stent From a Wire |
US8353407B2 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2013-01-15 | Buffalo Wire Works Company | Apparatus and method for making wire screen |
US9242290B2 (en) * | 2012-04-03 | 2016-01-26 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating formed elements used to make wound stents |
JP5358028B1 (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2013-12-04 | 株式会社プロテックエンジニアリング | 斜面の保護構造および保護方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-31 US US15/129,546 patent/US20170121919A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-03-31 EP EP15721320.8A patent/EP3134578A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-31 WO PCT/IB2015/052359 patent/WO2015151025A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20170121919A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2015151025A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2007162456A (ja) | 特に、落石の防護又は土壌層の安定化のための保護網 | |
US20170121919A1 (en) | Wire made of high strength steel, particularly for protecting nets for geotechnical use | |
US8646491B2 (en) | Protective wire net, a protective structure constructed with the net, and the use of the protective wire net for the construction of a protective structure | |
US9333553B2 (en) | Net, in particular for protection, safety, water-rearing or architectural purposes, and an apparatus for producing the net | |
CA2752023C (en) | Safety net, preferably for securing an embankment | |
RU2006143057A (ru) | Защитная сеть, в частности, для защиты от осыпания или для укрепления откоса | |
EP3807022B1 (de) | Hexagonales drahtgeflecht, verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung des hexagonalen drahtgeflechts | |
JP6038592B2 (ja) | 衝撃吸収機構、および衝撃吸収機構を有する落下物防護装置 | |
CN101824826B (zh) | 网状物结构 | |
JP5905391B2 (ja) | 編み込まれたワイヤを用いた防護金網、並びにその製造機械及び製造方法 | |
CN107849845B (zh) | 网格结构及其生产装置和方法 | |
TW201825826A (zh) | 方格網結構、製造方格網結構之方法及其製造裝置 | |
JP5960023B2 (ja) | 落下物防護柵の支柱構造および落下物防護柵 | |
US9267259B2 (en) | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure | |
RU2009120577A (ru) | Многопрядный стальной проволочный канат | |
EP3533931B1 (de) | Hochfestes drahtgitter und netz zur verhinderung von steinschlägen | |
JP6140974B2 (ja) | 落下物防護装置 | |
EP1589146A1 (de) | Drahtbündelanker | |
CN210002285U (zh) | 一种适用于拦截引导的网型 | |
JP5340871B2 (ja) | 落石検知柵 | |
CN111441371A (zh) | 用于季节性冻土滑坡防治的自平衡锚索结构及设计方法 | |
EP3202924A1 (de) | Schutzzäune | |
ITUB20154039A1 (it) | Dispositivo di ancoraggio ad uso geotecnico. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20161028 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20171117 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ORGNONI, PAOLO |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20180328 |