EP2807296B1 - Hybrid elastic cable and process for manufacturing such a cable - Google Patents
Hybrid elastic cable and process for manufacturing such a cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2807296B1 EP2807296B1 EP13701260.5A EP13701260A EP2807296B1 EP 2807296 B1 EP2807296 B1 EP 2807296B1 EP 13701260 A EP13701260 A EP 13701260A EP 2807296 B1 EP2807296 B1 EP 2807296B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- type
- yarn
- elongation
- filament yarn
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
- D02G3/328—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the sector of textile yarns for technical use and more particularly to an elastic cable intended for the production of technical textile articles with high characteristics in terms of mechanical strength and elongation rates, such as cords, straps or fabrics.
- elastic cables are commonly manufactured by combining two son of different mechanical properties.
- a first elastomeric yarn for example natural rubber or elastane, which has a high elasticity associated with a low elastic modulus and a low tensile strength is used.
- This first yarn is combined with one or more yarns which have a high tensile strength, associated with a high elastic modulus and a low elongation capacity, such as for example polyamide or polypropylene yarns. Because of this combination, such cables will be qualified in the following description of "hybrid cables”.
- These conventional hybrid cables are in the form of a central core constituted by the elastic wire, whose tensile strength as a function of the elongation rate is represented by the curve E in continuous line on the figure 1 A . It is recalled that the rate of elongation is calculated as the ratio between the elongation from a state of rest, divided by the length at rest.
- This core is surrounded by a sheath formed by the resistant son, the tensile strength as a function of the elongation rate of the resistant son is represented by the curve T dotted line on the Figure 1A .
- the realization of the sheath around the elastic core uses one or other of the conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art: braiding, knitting, wrapping.
- the hybrid cables of the prior art first have a first zone (zone 1) of low charge s' extending for example from 0 to 60% elongation in which the elongation increases rapidly depending on the load. Then, from the rate of 60%, there is a second zone (zone 2) in which the stiffness of the cable increases gradually until it breaks.
- the tensile strength of the cable is practically equal to that of the elastic thread (and therefore similar to that shown in solid lines on the Figure 1A ).
- the sheath accompanies the lengthening of the elastic core by a modification of the geometric shape of its meshes (in the case of knitted or braided sheaths) or its turns (in the case of a gimped sheath). This modification consists of a lengthening of the meshes or turns in the longitudinal direction and consecutively a narrowing in the diametral direction.
- Hybrid cables of the prior art thus have the disadvantage of having a relatively low area of light load, due to an increase in stiffness which manifests itself at relatively low elongation rates (several tens of below the elongation at break). They also have a too gradual increase of the stiffness on the second zone, which is an unfavorable element to ensure a precise limitation of the elongations.
- these hybrid cables of the prior art have the disadvantage of wearing down quickly.
- the resistant son are not parallel to the elastic core, and are therefore subject to high stresses due to the compression of the elastic son.
- These resistant threads are subjected to many friction causing their premature wear.
- a woven webbing which comprises in the warp direction two types of parallel threads, namely on the one hand elastic threads and on the other hand resistant threads, consisting of textured organic filaments which, at rest, are in a pleated state . At low elongation, these pleated filaments unfold gradually without opposing resistance. The strap therefore behaves substantially as if it included only elastic threads. When these filaments reach their state of full elongation, they oppose their resistance to further elongation, conditioning the behavior of the strap.
- it is difficult or impossible to use very strong filaments because they are generally not texturable, and can not be folded, given their stiffness.
- WO2010 / 146347 a hybrid fiber comprising an elastic yarn, for example made of rubber, and a resistant yarn, having a high modulus of elasticity.
- the resistant wire At rest, the resistant wire is wound helically around the elastic wire.
- the resistant yarn When the fiber is subjected to a tensile stress, the resistant yarn is gradually stretched, which has the effect of repelling the elastic yarn.
- the strong wire When the strong wire is fully stretched, the elastic wire is wound spirally around the strong wire.
- auxetic Such a fiber is called auxetic because it has the particularity that its diameter increases when a voltage is applied thereto.
- WO2010 / 146347 underlines the bad behavior of such a fiber, especially when it is in a state of elongation lower than its state of maximum elongation: detachment of the turns of the resistant wire relative to the elastic wire, sliding of the turns of the resistant wire along elastic thread, destructuring of the fiber itself.
- WO 2010/041002 WO 2006/021763 and US 3,625,809 also describe fibers of this type.
- the hybrid cable must have a high maximum elongation rate, and good behavior over the entire range of elongation rates.
- the invention consists of cabling together two son of distant mechanical properties, namely a high elasticity yarn, and a high tenacity yarn, or more generally, a yarn of higher elasticity and a stronger yarn. toughness, this association is that the two son are wrapped around each other and vice versa, depending on whether the cable is at rest or in full elongation.
- the wire of the first type namely the wire of higher elasticity will be called “high elasticity wire”
- the wire of the second type namely the yarn of higher toughness will be qualified as "high tenacity yarn” it being understood that the degrees of elasticity and tenacity are appreciated not absolutely, but in a relative manner between the two types of yarn.
- the invention consists in producing a hybrid cable by combining a high-elastic yarn and a high-tenacity yarn, which are assembled so that at rest, the high-tenacity yarn is wound in a spiral around the yarn of high elasticity, and that as the elongation progresses, the relative positions of the two yarns are reversed, to arrive at a configuration where, starting from a certain rate of elongation, the yarn high toughness has pushed the high elasticity wire outward, and the latter is wound spirally around the high tenacity taut yarn.
- the hybrid cable according to the invention has two very different behaviors depending on its degree of elongation.
- the good behavior of the hybrid cable is obtained by a particular choice of the parameters of the cable, and in particular the number of turns of winding of the two wires together.
- the hybrid cable according to the invention is in a configuration where the high-elasticity yarn is helically wound around the high-tenacity yarn with a number of turns per linear meter of the hybrid cable between n sE -15. % and n sE + 15%.
- the high-elasticity yarn is helically wound around the high-tenacity yarn with a number of turns per linear meter of the hybrid cable of between n.sub.E -5% and n.sub.E.sub.E + 5%, and even more preferably between n.sub.S- 2% and n SE + 2%.
- the clean turns winding into opposite direction of the turns of the helix formed by the high-elasticity yarn around the high-tenacity yarn promotes the winding of the high-tenacity yarn around the high-elastic yarn when the hybrid cable returns from its full extension configuration to its rest configuration.
- the number of clean turns per linear meter of the cable at the maximum elongation rate must be between n sE and 3 xn sE . preferably between n sE and 2 ⁇ n sE.
- the turns of the helically wound wire closely enclose the wire in position central, preventing any relative sliding of the two wires.
- the cable is perfectly stable, and has no tendency to twist in one direction or the other.
- the cable of the invention behaves perfectly both when it undergoes an elongation of rest at the maximum elongation rate, and in the opposite direction, and this repeatedly.
- the cable tends to twist, or that the turns of the high-tenacity yarn lose contact with the high-elastic yarn in the central position, which entails risks of relative sliding between the two. son.
- the cable is unstructured for significant slippage between the two wires.
- the hybrid cable By respecting the above specifications on the number of clean turns of the high-elastic yarn and the number of turns of the high-elastic yarn in full elongation of the hybrid cable, it is possible to manufacture a hybrid cable having good behavior for a range of rates. of elongation ranging from 0 to several hundreds of%.
- the predetermined maximum rate of the hybrid cable is for example between 100% and 400%, or between 150% and 300%.
- the upper limit is, for example, defined by the number of contiguous turns of the high-tenacity yarn which can be placed on the high-elastic yarn at rest.
- the number of turns of the high tenacity yarn is preferably between n sR - 5% and + 5% n sR, sR between n - 2 and n sR% + 2%.
- the cable has the property of moving from one configuration to another, while remaining in a stable state during its elongation and release cycles.
- the two son composing the hybrid cable are chosen with distinctly distinct properties.
- the high-tenacity yarn and the high-elasticity yarn may have longitudinal elasticity moduli whose ratio is greater than or equal to 10,000.
- ratio can be of the order of 100.
- this report can be adapted according to the application. Typically this ratio is greater than 100, preferably 1000.
- the high-elasticity yarn can be chosen from the family of elastomers and in particular elastane or natural rubber yarns, or a combination of these yarns, or any other yarn which would meet the specifications required by the particular application.
- the high-tenacity yarn may be chosen from yarns of the group comprising: yarns of natural fibers, glass, carbon, aramid, para-aramid, rayon yarns, or a combination of these yarns , or more generally any wire obtained from a synthetic or natural material which has a higher toughness than the other wire of the cable, at a level compatible with the properties desired for the field of application.
- the hybrid cable comprises at least one so-called pull wire secured along said cable, said pull wire having a low elasticity and being able to break under the effect of a predetermined load.
- the pulling wire is preferably secured to said cable by at least one elastic thread said wrapping spiral wound around the wire of the first type, the wire of the second type and the pull wire.
- the elongation rate varies along the cable when the pulling wire is stretched, preferably varies continuously.
- These elongation rates are referred to as “intermediate elongation rates" in the following.
- the intermediate elongation rate along a first section is substantially constant at a first value.
- the rate of intermediate elongation along a second section is substantially constant at a second value.
- the transition between the first elongation rate value and the second elongation rate value is over a relatively short cable length.
- the intermediate elongation rate along the first section varies continuously according to a predetermined law, for example decreases continuously.
- the rate of intermediate elongation along the second section is substantially constant or varies continuously according to a predetermined law.
- the hybrid cable has sections with different intermediate elongations when the pull wire is stretched. If the cable is used to make a woven article, this article has areas where the cable has a greater intermediate elongation, and areas where the cable has a lower intermediate elongation. Once the pull wire is broken, the areas where the cable has a higher intermediate elongation will have a lower elasticity than the areas where the cable has a lower intermediate elongation. This property can be used to control the expansion of woven items.
- the predetermined maximum elongation rate varies along the cable.
- the cable is then typically devoid of pull wire.
- This variable maximum elongation rate is obtained by varying, along the cable, the number of turns of the high elasticity wire wound helically around the high-tenacity wire per linear meter of the hybrid cable. This is done at the time of manufacture. This number of turns is chosen so as to verify the criterion on the number of turns of the wire of high elasticity stated above.
- the number of clean turns of the high-elastic yarn is also varied, if necessary, to meet the criterion stated above.
- This cable can also be used for producing woven articles. In this article, it allows for more elastic areas where the cable has a higher maximum elongation rate and areas with lower elasticity where the cable has a lower maximum elongation rate. This property can be used to control the expansion of woven items.
- a pull wire is added to the cable later, without changing the elongation rates of the different sections of the cable.
- the method comprises a step of releasing the voltage applied to the hybrid cable, such that the contraction of the wire of the first type causes the wire of the second type to be put in a configuration where it is helically wound around the wire of the second wire. first type.
- a strand is obtained at the end of the winding and twisting steps, the method further comprising a step of joining at least one pulling wire along said strand, said pulling wire having a low elasticity and being able to break under the effect of a predetermined load, the securing step being performed after the winding and twisting steps.
- the elongation rate of the portion of the strand to which the pulling wire is secured is varied.
- Said section corresponds here to the section to which the pulling wire is being secured. This is achieved by varying the ratio between the speed of scroll imposed on the strand and the speed of scrolling. imposed on the pull wire during the securing step. This makes it possible to obtain a cable whose intermediate elongation rate varies along the cable.
- the elongation rate can be constant or vary continuously along the strand, or vary in steps, etc.
- the invention relates to a manufactured object comprising at least one elastic hybrid cable having the above characteristics.
- the manufactured object comprises a sleeve woven using the hybrid cable, the hybrid cable comprising at least one so-called pull wire secured along said cable, the sleeve comprising a plurality of warp threads, the hybrid cable forming the weft yarn, the cable having at least first and second sections, the cable having first intermediate elongation rates along the first section when the pulling wire is stretched, the cable having along the second section the second levels of intermediate elongations lower than the first intermediate elongation rates when the drawing wire is taut, the first section of the cable being an end section delimiting an end portion of the sleeve, the second section delimiting a central portion of the sleeve .
- the cable has third intermediate extension rates along a second end section when the pull wire is taut, the second intermediate elongation rates being lower than the third intermediate elongation rates, said second section end defining a second end of the sleeve.
- the first rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section.
- the third rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section.
- the second intermediate elongation rate remains constant along the second section.
- the cable used to make the sleeve does not include a pull wire.
- the cable is of the type having a variable maximum elongation rate, as described above. Said first section of the cable has relatively lower maximum elongation rates, said central section of the relatively higher maximum elongation rates, said third section of the cable has relatively lower maximum elongation rates.
- the first rate of maximum elongations increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section.
- the third maximum elongation rate has been increasing steadily since the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section.
- the second maximum elongation rate remains constant along the second section.
- the sleeve At rest, the sleeve has a tubular shape.
- the first section and the third section expand radially to a lesser extent than the second section.
- a sleeve having a cylindrical shape at rest adopts, after expansion, a spindle shape, tapered at both ends.
- the object comprises an inflatable bladder, the sleeve being threaded around the bladder.
- the bladder advantageously can be inflated and cause expansion of the sleeve.
- the sleeve deforms in a controlled manner, preventing the creation of warts on the bladder at the first and second ends of the sleeve.
- the hybrid cable according to the invention consists of a high-elasticity yarn (1) and a high-tenacity yarn (2) which, when the hybrid cable is in a rest state, is helically wound around the high elasticity yarn (1).
- the high-elasticity yarn (1) can be chosen from the yarns of the following group: elastomer yarns such as polyurethane yarns, elastane yarns, or a combination of these yarns and the high-tenacity yarn (2) can be chosen from the yarns of the following group: yarns of natural fibers such as yarns of cotton, linen or hemp, for example, glass yarn, carbon yarn, aramid yarn, para-aramid yarn, rayon yarn , or a combination of these threads.
- elastomer yarns such as polyurethane yarns, elastane yarns, or a combination of these yarns
- the high-tenacity yarn (2) can be chosen from the yarns of the following group: yarns of natural fibers such as yarns of cotton, linen or hemp, for example, glass yarn, carbon yarn, aramid yarn, para-aramid yarn, rayon yarn , or a combination of these threads.
- the high-tenacity yarn (2) and the high-elastic yarn (1) have a ratio of their modulus of elasticity greater than or equal to 10,000.
- the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of the high tenacity yarn (2) and high elasticity yarn (1) may have any value depending on the field of application of the elastic cable according to the invention.
- the high elasticity yarn (1) and the high tenacity yarn (2) may consist respectively of a plurality of elastic yarns and of high tenacity respectively, without departing from the scope of the invention. 'invention.
- the high-elastic yarn 1 is twisted on itself, and forms a plurality of turns called below clean turns 3.
- the high-elasticity yarn (1) consists of a natural rubber yarn whose longitudinal elastic modulus is equal to about 2 MPa and whose resting diameter is equal to 1.1 mm.
- the high-tenacity yarn (2) consists of a title 3300 dTex aramid yarn sold under the trademark Kevlar ®, for example, the longitudinal modulus of elasticity is about 30000 MPa and whose diameter is equal to 0.6 mm.
- K max 150%
- the formula (F1) exposed above gives the number of turns n sE equal to 170.
- the elongation curve of the hybrid cable according to the invention has a zone of weak charge (Zone 1), extending over the range 0 to 140%, of elongation rate, in which the elongation increases rapidly depending on the load.
- Zone 1 zone of weak charge
- ie K max 150%
- the curve shows a very high load zone (Zone 2) in which the elongation hardly increases any more.
- the curve has a short transition zone, (Zone T), extending over the range 140% to 150% of elongation rate, within which the The behavior of the cable gradually changes from elastic behavior to resistant behavior, and vice versa.
- the hybrid cable according to the invention behaves like an elastic whose elasticity is constant until a predetermined elongation and, when said predetermined elongation is reached, behaves like a high tenacity yarn, that is to say to say a very low elongation and a high resistance before rupture.
- the hybrid cable at rest is in a configuration where the core is constituted by the high elasticity wire (1) around which is wound helically high-tenacity wire (2), with a number of turns n sR in the example shown.
- the progressive elongation of the hybrid cable that is visualized by the displacement of the marker (8) results in an identical elongation of the core constituted by the high elasticity wire (1).
- the pitch of the turns of the helix constituted by the high-tenacity yarn (2) is increased by a similar extension rate.
- the resistance opposed by the high tenacity yarn (2) during this elongation of its turns is almost zero, so that on the first phase of elongation, the tensile strength of the hybrid cable is substantially equal to that of the high elasticity wire (1).
- the high-tenacity yarn (2) reaches its state of full elongation and then constitutes the core of the hybrid cable, the high-elasticity yarn (1) being wound helically around the high-tenacity yarn (2), with a number of turns which is worth n SE in the example represented. From this configuration, and until breaking, the behavior of the elastic cable is almost identical to that of the high tenacity yarn (2).
- the high elasticity yarn (1) has a specific number of clean turns per linear meter of the double wire of the number of turns formed by the high elasticity yarn (1) around the high tenacity yarn in the state of full elongation.
- the clean turns of the high-elastic yarn (1) wind in the opposite direction of the turns the helix formed by the high-elasticity yarn around the high-tenacity yarn.
- the high-tenacity yarn is brought into a state of full elongation, with a tension at least equal to that corresponding to the beginning of the transition zone.
- the elastic yarn is fed with an elongation rate substantially equal to the desired maximum elongation rate for the hybrid cable.
- the twisting of the hybrid cable can be achieved by using either of the conventional methods for twisting cords: single twist, double twist, direct wiring in particular.
- the high elasticity yarn (1) previously stretched and twisted is unwound from a coil (10) equipped with a braking device, the wire then passes into a driving device consisting of a motorized roller (11) and then into a hollow pin (12) and into a ceramic chip (9) where it is realized the assembly with the high tenacity yarn, the assembled cable being then driven by the motorized roller (14).
- a driving device consisting of a motorized roller (11) and then into a hollow pin (12) and into a ceramic chip (9) where it is realized the assembly with the high tenacity yarn, the assembled cable being then driven by the motorized roller (14).
- Proper adjustment of the braking device of the bobbin (10) and the speed of rotation of the roller (11) relative to that of the roller (14) enables the high-elasticity wire to be delivered at the level of the ceramic chip (9). ) with an elongation ratio equal to the desired maximum elongation rate for the hybrid cable.
- the high tenacity yarn (2) is unwound from the spool (13), which is mounted on the hollow spindle (12). This wire (2) passes into the ceramic chip (9) where the assembly is carried out with the high elasticity wire (1).
- the tension of the high tenacity yarn (2) is ensured by a braking system integrated into the reel (13).
- the rotational speed of the hollow spindle (12) to which the spool (13) is attached is adjusted according to the rotational speed of the roller (14) to adjust the number of spire n sE , as calculated according to the formula (Formula 1).
- the hybrid cable (100) is driven by the roller (14) to be winded on a reel (15) at a voltage level compatible with subsequent uses.
- an alternative embodiment makes it possible to produce a gimped hybrid cable (200) having a strand composed of the high-tenacity yarn (2) and the high-elasticity yarn (1) arranged as described above, to which a pulling thread is associated, presenting a low elasticity and being able to break under the effect of a predetermined load.
- the pulling thread (18) may be formed by a yarn or a plurality of yarns obtained in the same material as the high-tenacity yarn (2) or in a material having a substantially equal longitudinal modulus of elasticity, a yarn aramid yarn for example, and having a diameter substantially smaller than the diameter of said high tenacity yarn (2) and therefore a breaking strength substantially lower than that of said yarn (2). It is also possible to use a soluble yarn, which is put under the appropriate conditions for its dissolution when it is no longer useful.
- This gimped hybrid cable (200) comprises the pulling wire (18) extending substantially parallel to the high-elasticity wire (1) forming the core of the cable, and an elastic wrapping wire (20) wound helically around the wire. together with a number of conventional turns, typically between 60 and 200 per linear meter.
- the purpose of adding the pull wire is to precisely fix an intermediate elongation rate of the gimped hybrid cable (200). Indeed, when the draw wire is stretched, the strand -and therefore the hybrid cable- is in a partially stretched state, corresponding to the intermediate elongation rate. The elongation amplitude is thus fixed between the intermediate state of the cable, where the pulling wire is stretched, and the state of full elongation, in which the high-tenacity wire is fully tensioned. This state of full elongation is reached after rupture of the pulling wire. Note that this adjustment can be made with great precision, and with great latitude on the elongation rate of the strand before association with the pull wire. The adjustment is obtained by choosing the ratio between the speed of movement imposed on the strand and the speed of scroll imposed on the pull wire.
- the strand (100) is unwound from the reel (15) equipped with a braking device; the strand (100) then passes into a driving device constituted by a motorized roller (16), then into the hollow spindle (17), then into the ceramic pellet (24) where the assembly is carried out with the wire of draw, the assembled cable being then driven by the motorized roller (22).
- a driving device constituted by a motorized roller (16)
- the hollow spindle (17) then into the ceramic pellet (24) where the assembly is carried out with the wire of draw, the assembled cable being then driven by the motorized roller (22).
- Proper braking of the spool (15) is used to bring the strand (100) onto the roll (16) in its state of maximum elongation.
- Proper adjustment of the rotational speed of the roller (16) relative to that of the roller (22) enables the strand (100) to be delivered with the desired intermediate elongation rate at its point of assembly with the pull wire.
- the pull wire is unwound from the spool (19) equipped with a braking device. It passes through the hollow spindle and into the pellet (24) where the assembly is carried out.
- the brake of the spool (19) is set so that the pull wire is delivered in a fully elongated assembly point state.
- An elastic wire (20) having a small diameter is unwound from the coil (21) integral with the hollow spindle (17) which is rotated.
- the elastic thread (20) passes through the ceramic pellet (24) where the elastic thread (20) is wrapped around the strand (100) and the pulling thread (18) to form the hybrid cable with guiping. (200).
- This cable (200) is driven by the roll (22) and then delivered, with the intermediate elongation rate, to the storage spool (23).
- pulling thread (18) can be secured to the strand (100), that is to say to the high elasticity thread (1) and to the high tenacity thread (2) by any other known means of the skilled person, such as by gluing or other, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the gimped elastic cable (200) can be obtained continuously without requiring that the strand (100) is conditioned on a coil (15), that is to say directly downstream of the assembly operation son high elasticity and high tenacity.
- the elongation curve of the hybrid cable guipears shows a first spike of low elongation voltage which corresponds to the tensioning of the pull wire (18).
- the breakage of the pull wire occurs at a voltage of about 8 daN at very low elongation.
- the resistance of the hybrid cable After breaking the pull wire (18), the resistance of the hybrid cable returns to a very low value, of the order of a few Newton which corresponds to the resistance of the high elasticity wire (1) forming the core of the elastic cable .
- the cable then behaves in the same way as the hybrid cable having no pull wire (18).
- the curve then has a low load area in which the elongation increases rapidly as a function of the load and, when the yarn reaches the predetermined maximum elongation rate, namely 110%, a very high load zone in which the lengthening does not increase any more.
- This pull wire (18) secured to the hybrid cable allows easy implementation of the hybrid cable, with an intermediate elongation fixed by the pull wire during the various operations necessary for its uses, such as weaving, knitting or drawing. for example.
- the hybrid cable is of the type shown on the figure 6 . It comprises a strand (100) with a high-elasticity yarn and a high-tenacity yarn arranged according to the invention, a pulling thread (18) and an elastic thread (not shown) solidarizing the strand pull thread (100). .
- the hybrid cable has first and second end sections (31, 32) connected to each other by a central section (33).
- the cable (200) has first intermediate elongation rates along the first end section (31) when the pull wire (18) is stretched.
- the cable (200) along the central section (33) has second intermediate elongation rates lower than the first when the pulling wire (18) is taut.
- the cable (200) has third intermediate elongation rates along the second end section (32) when the pull wire (18) is taut, the second intermediate elongation rates being less than the third.
- the intermediate elongation rate of the hybrid cable is variable along the hybrid cable.
- the first rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously along the first end section, from the free end of the cable to the central section.
- the third rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously along the second end section, from the free end of the cable to the central section.
- the rate of intermediate elongation is substantially constant along the central section.
- Such a cable is obtained by varying the adjustment of the speed of rotation of the roller (16) relative to that of the roller (22) during manufacture, so as to deliver the strand (100) with the desired elongation rate at its point of assembly with the pulling thread, and more exactly by varying the ratio between the speed of scrolling imposed on the strand and the speed of scrolling imposed on the pull thread
- the elastic cable according to the invention will find many applications such as for example for the production of straps or bungees or the manufacture of inflatable sleeves or "packer” used for logging or exploitation of the basement in particular. It finds particular application for making a packer containment sheath of the type described in the patent application PCT / FR2007 / 052534 , ( WO 2008 084162 ).
- a packer is represented in a simplified way on the Figures 10 and 11 .
- the packer (40) includes a mandrel (41) extending in a longitudinal direction, and an inflatable and tight annular casing (42) threaded around the mandrel (41).
- the envelope (42) is rigidly connected to the mandrel (41) by unrepresented rings disposed at both longitudinal ends of the envelope.
- the envelope (42) has an inflatable and waterproof bladder (43) (broken lines on the Figures 10 and 11 ), and a sleeve (44) (continuous lines on the Figures 10 and 11 ) threaded around the bladder (43).
- the internal volume of the bladder communicates with a source of gas not shown pressure, through passages in the mandrel (41).
- the envelope (42) is therefore capable of selectively adopting a retracted state around the mandrel (41) ( figure 10 ) and a radially expanded state ( figure 11 ).
- the sleeve (44) is woven, and thus comprises a plurality of longitudinal warp yarns and a weft yarn interwoven with the warp yarns.
- the weft yarn is a hybrid cable of the type shown on the figure 9 .
- the first end portion (31) of the cable is used to weave a first end portion (45) of the sleeve, the second portion (33) to weave a central portion (46) of the sleeve, and the second portion cable end (32) for weaving an end portion (47) of the sleeve.
- the sleeve (44) is woven by interlacing the warp yarns with the weft yarn, in a manner known per se. This operation is performed using the hybrid cable (200) in an elongation state where the pull wire (18) is stretched.
- first and second end portions (45, 47) of the sleeve are made with a weft yarn having first and third continuously varying intermediate elongation rates, while the central portion is made with a weft yarn having a second constant intermediate elongation rate, lower than the first and third intermediate elongation rates.
- the guide wire of the hybrid cable is broken, allowing the hybrid cable to stretch to its maximum elongation rate.
- the first and second end portions (45, 47) then undergo less radial expansion than the central portion (46). Indeed, the ratio between the intermediate elongation rate and the maximum elongation rate is higher for the central section (33) than for the two end sections (31, 32) of the hybrid cable.
- the sleeve will therefore adopt a bladder shape, as shown on the figure 11 .
- the end portions (45, 47) have increasing cross sections when longitudinally followed from the end of the sleeve toward the central section (46).
- the central section (46) has a substantially constant cross section.
- the end sections have frustoconical shapes and the central section has a cylindrical shape.
- the bladder in the expanded state of the envelope, filled the sleeve and has substantially the same shape as this one.
- the two longitudinal ends of the bladder therefore have no areas where the material constituting the bladder is excessively stretched (warts), which could cause the rupture of the bladder at term.
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Description
La présente invention a trait au secteur des fils textiles à usage technique et plus particulièrement à un câble élastique destiné à la réalisation d'articles textiles techniques à caractéristiques élevées en termes de résistance mécanique et de taux d'élongation, telles que des cordons, des sangles ou des tissus.The present invention relates to the sector of textile yarns for technical use and more particularly to an elastic cable intended for the production of technical textile articles with high characteristics in terms of mechanical strength and elongation rates, such as cords, straps or fabrics.
D'une manière générale, les câbles élastiques sont couramment fabriqués en associant deux fils de propriétés mécaniques différentes. On utilise ainsi un premier fil en élastomère, par exemple caoutchouc naturel ou élasthanne, qui présente une élasticité élevée associée à un faible module élastique et une faible résistance à la rupture. Ce premier fil est combiné avec un ou plusieurs fils qui ont une forte résistance à la rupture, associée à un fort module élastique et une faible capacité d'allongement, comme par exemple des fils de polyamide ou de polypropylène. Du fait de cette combinaison, de tels câbles seront qualifiés dans la suite de la description de « câbles hybrides ».In general, elastic cables are commonly manufactured by combining two son of different mechanical properties. Thus, a first elastomeric yarn, for example natural rubber or elastane, which has a high elasticity associated with a low elastic modulus and a low tensile strength is used. This first yarn is combined with one or more yarns which have a high tensile strength, associated with a high elastic modulus and a low elongation capacity, such as for example polyamide or polypropylene yarns. Because of this combination, such cables will be qualified in the following description of "hybrid cables".
Ces câbles hybrides classiques se présentent sous la forme d'une âme centrale constituée par le fil élastique, dont la résistance à la traction en fonction du taux d'élongation est représentée par la courbe E en trait continu sur la
En référence à la
Dans la première zone (zone 1) du diagramme de la
Les câbles hybrides de l'art antérieur présentent ainsi l'inconvénient de présenter une zone de faible charge relativement réduite, en raison d'une augmentation de la raideur qui se manifeste à des taux d'élongation relativement bas (plusieurs dizaines de pourcent au-dessous de l'allongement à la rupture). Ils possèdent également une augmentation trop progressive de la raideur sur la deuxième zone, ce qui est un élément défavorable pour assurer une limitation précise des élongations.Hybrid cables of the prior art thus have the disadvantage of having a relatively low area of light load, due to an increase in stiffness which manifests itself at relatively low elongation rates (several tens of below the elongation at break). They also have a too gradual increase of the stiffness on the second zone, which is an unfavorable element to ensure a precise limitation of the elongations.
Par ailleurs, ces câbles hybrides de l'art antérieur présentent l'inconvénient de s'user rapidement. En effet, les fils résistants ne sont pas parallèles à l'âme élastique, et sont donc soumis à des contraintes élevées en raison de la compression des fils élastiques. Ces fils résistants sont soumis à de nombreux frottements provocant leur usure prématurée.Moreover, these hybrid cables of the prior art have the disadvantage of wearing down quickly. Indeed, the resistant son are not parallel to the elastic core, and are therefore subject to high stresses due to the compression of the elastic son. These resistant threads are subjected to many friction causing their premature wear.
On a décrit dans la demande de brevet français
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Il existe donc un besoin pour un câble élastique ayant à la fois :
- un taux d'élongation maximal élevé, avec un bon comportement du câble sur toute la plage de taux d'élongation,
- une élasticité élevée sous faible charge,
- une grande raideur sous forte charge, pour limiter les élongations au-delà d'un niveau prédéterminé,
- et une charge à la rupture suffisamment élevée, pour reprendre sans dommage les charges maximales de fonctionnement.
- a high maximum elongation rate, with good cable behavior over the entire range of elongation rates,
- high elasticity under low load,
- a high stiffness under heavy load, to limit elongations beyond a predetermined level,
- and a sufficiently high breaking load to safely recover the maximum operating loads.
L'un des buts de l'invention est donc de remédier aux inconvénients évoqués ci-dessus, en proposant un câble hybride de conception simple et peu onéreuse et possédant une courbe d'allongement qui présente :
- une zone de charge faible dans laquelle l'allongement augmente rapidement en fonction de la charge
- et, lorsque le fil atteint un taux d'élongation maximal prédéterminé, une zone de charge très élevée dans laquelle l'allongement n'augmente quasiment plus.
- a weak load area in which the elongation increases rapidly depending on the load
- and, when the yarn reaches a predetermined maximum elongation rate, a very high load zone in which the elongation hardly increases.
Le câble hybride doit présenter un taux d'élongation maximal élevé, et un bon comportement sur toute la plage de taux d'élongation.The hybrid cable must have a high maximum elongation rate, and good behavior over the entire range of elongation rates.
A cet effet, et conformément à l'invention, il est proposé un câble hybride élastique comportant au moins un fil d'un premier type et au moins un fil d'un second type, le fil du premier type présentant un degré de ténacité inférieur à celui du fil du second type, le fil du second type présentant un degré d'élasticité inférieur à celui du fil du premier type, le fil du second type, lorsqu'un taux d'élongation maximal prédéterminé du câble hybride est atteint, se trouvant complètement allongé et le fil du premier type se trouvant enroulé en hélice autour du fil du second type, caractérisé en ce que le fil du premier type audit taux d'élongation maximal se trouve enroulé en une hélice autour du fil du second type avec un nombre spécifique de spires par mètre linéaire du câble compris entre nsE- 15% et nsE + 15%, nsE étant déterminé à partir de la formule suivante :
- dans laquelle ϕe est le diamètre en mm du fil du premier type au repos, ϕK est le diamètre en mm du fil du second type et Kmax est le taux d'élongation maximale prédéterminé du câble hybride exprimé en pourcent,
- le fil du premier type étant en outre tordu sur lui-même avec un nombre spécifique de spires propres par mètre linéaire du câble compris entre nsE et 3 x nsE, les spires propres du fil du premier type s'enroulant en sens inverse des spires de ladite hélice,
- de telle sorte que lorsque le câble hybride est au repos, le fil du second type est enroulé en hélice autour du fil du premier type, sensiblement sans décollement du fil du second type ou déformation du câble hybride.
- in which φ e is the diameter in mm of the wire of the first type at rest, φ K is the diameter in mm of the wire of the second type and K max is the predetermined maximum elongation rate of the hybrid cable expressed in percent,
- the wire of the first type being further twisted on itself with a specific number of clean turns per linear meter of the cable between n sE and 3 xn sE , the clean turns of the wire of the first type winding in the opposite direction of the turns said propeller,
- so that when the hybrid cable is at rest, the wire of the second type is helically wound around the wire of the first type, substantially without detachment of the wire of the second type or deformation of the hybrid cable.
Autrement dit, l'invention consiste à câbler ensemble deux fils de propriétés mécaniques éloignées, à savoir un fil de haute élasticité, et un fil de haute ténacité, ou de manière plus générale, un fil de plus forte élasticité et un fil de plus forte ténacité, cette association se faisant que les deux fils sont enroulés l'un autour de l'autre et inversement, selon que le câble est au repos ou en pleine élongation. Pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention, dans la suite de la description, le fil du premier type, à savoir le fil de plus forte élasticité sera qualifié de « fil de haute élasticité », et le fil du second type, à savoir le fil de plus forte ténacité sera qualifié de « fil de haute ténacité », étant entendu que les degrés d'élasticité et de ténacité sont appréciés non de façon absolue, mais de façon relative entre les deux types de fils.In other words, the invention consists of cabling together two son of distant mechanical properties, namely a high elasticity yarn, and a high tenacity yarn, or more generally, a yarn of higher elasticity and a stronger yarn. toughness, this association is that the two son are wrapped around each other and vice versa, depending on whether the cable is at rest or in full elongation. To facilitate the understanding of the invention, in the following description, the wire of the first type, namely the wire of higher elasticity will be called "high elasticity wire", and the wire of the second type, namely the yarn of higher toughness will be qualified as "high tenacity yarn", it being understood that the degrees of elasticity and tenacity are appreciated not absolutely, but in a relative manner between the two types of yarn.
En d'autres termes, l'invention consiste à réaliser un câble hybride en combinant un fil de haute élasticité et un fil de haute ténacité, qui sont assemblés de telle sorte qu'au repos, le fil de haute ténacité se trouve enroulé en spirale autour du fil de haute élasticité, et qu'au fur et à mesure de l'allongement, les positions relatives des deux fils s'inversent, pour aboutir à une configuration où à partir d'un certain taux d'élongation, le fil de haute ténacité a repoussé le fil de haute élasticité vers l'extérieur, et que ce dernier se trouve enroulé en spirale autour du fil de haute ténacité tendu. On comprend ainsi que le câble hybride suivant l'invention possède deux comportements très différents selon son degré d'élongation. Ainsi, il se comporte sensiblement comme le fil de haute élasticité qui le compose jusqu'à une élongation prédéterminée. Puis, lorsque cette élongation prédéterminée est atteinte, il se comporte alors sensiblement comme le fil de haute ténacité qui le compose, c'est-à-dire avec les caractéristiques de ce dernier. Une telle structure de câble hybride permet en outre d'éviter toute usure des fils de haute ténacité qui lorsqu'ils sont tendus se retrouvent quasi rectiligne, et travaillent dans les conditions optimales.In other words, the invention consists in producing a hybrid cable by combining a high-elastic yarn and a high-tenacity yarn, which are assembled so that at rest, the high-tenacity yarn is wound in a spiral around the yarn of high elasticity, and that as the elongation progresses, the relative positions of the two yarns are reversed, to arrive at a configuration where, starting from a certain rate of elongation, the yarn high toughness has pushed the high elasticity wire outward, and the latter is wound spirally around the high tenacity taut yarn. It is thus understood that the hybrid cable according to the invention has two very different behaviors depending on its degree of elongation. Thus, it behaves substantially like the high elasticity thread that composes it up to a predetermined elongation. Then, when this predetermined elongation is reached, it then behaves substantially like the high-tenacity yarn which composes it, that is to say with the characteristics of the latter. Such a hybrid cable structure also makes it possible to avoid any wear of the high-tenacity yarns which, when they are stretched, are almost rectilinear and work under optimal conditions.
Le bon comportement du câble hybride est obtenu par un choix particulier des paramètres du câble, et notamment le nombre de spires d'enroulement des deux fils entre eux.The good behavior of the hybrid cable is obtained by a particular choice of the parameters of the cable, and in particular the number of turns of winding of the two wires together.
Ainsi, en pleine élongation, le câble hybride suivant l'invention est dans une configuration où le fil de haute élasticité est enroulé en hélice autour du fil de haute ténacité avec un nombre de spires par mètre linéaire du câble hybride compris entre nsE - 15% et nsE +15%. nsE est déterminé en fonction du diamètre du fil de haute élasticité, du diamètre du fil de haute ténacité et d'un taux d'élongation maximale prédéterminé, à partir de la formule suivante :
De préférence le fil de haute élasticité est enroulé en hélice autour du fil de haute ténacité avec un nombre de spires par mètre linéaire du câble hybride compris entre nsE - 5% et nsE +5%, et encore de préférence entre nsE -2% et nsE +2%.Preferably, the high-elasticity yarn is helically wound around the high-tenacity yarn with a number of turns per linear meter of the hybrid cable of between n.sub.E -5% and n.sub.E.sub.E + 5%, and even more preferably between n.sub.S- 2% and n SE + 2%.
Le fait que le fil de haute élasticité soit tordu sur lui-même - en d'autres termes torsadé - avec un nombre spécifique de spires propres, les spires propres s'enroulant en sens inverse des spires de l'hélice formée par le fil de haute élasticité autour du fil de haute ténacité, favorise l'enroulement du file de haute ténacité autour du fil à haute élasticité quand le câble hybride revient de sa configuration de pleine extension à sa configuration de repos.The fact that the high elasticity yarn is twisted on itself - in other words twisted - with a specific number of clean turns, the clean turns winding into opposite direction of the turns of the helix formed by the high-elasticity yarn around the high-tenacity yarn, promotes the winding of the high-tenacity yarn around the high-elastic yarn when the hybrid cable returns from its full extension configuration to its rest configuration.
Le nombre de spires propres par mètre linéaire du câble au taux d'élongation maximal doit être compris entre nsE et 3 x nsE. de préférence entre nsE et 2 x nsE.The number of clean turns per linear meter of the cable at the maximum elongation rate must be between n sE and 3 xn sE . preferably between n sE and 2 × n sE.
La forme spiralée du fil de haute élasticité, et sa déformation quand le câble hybride se relâche jusqu'à sa configuration de repos, guide le fil à haute ténacité et lui permet de se ranger de manière ordonnée autour du fil à haute élasticité.The spiral shape of the high-elastic yarn, and its deformation as the hybrid cable relaxes to its rest configuration, guides the high-tenacity yarn and allows it to rank neatly around the high-elastic yarn.
Les différents éléments décrits ci-dessus, à savoir le nombre de spires du fil de haute élasticité autour du fil de haute ténacité au taux d'extension maximum, et le fait que le fil de haute élasticité soit tordu sur lui-même, permet d'obtenir un câble hybride ayant une fourchette très large de taux d'allongement, et présentant un bon comportement, notamment quand le câble est ramené au repos.The various elements described above, namely the number of turns of the high-elastic yarn around the high-tenacity yarn at the maximum extension rate, and the fact that the high-elastic yarn is twisted on itself, makes it possible to obtain a hybrid cable having a very wide range of elongation rate, and having a good behavior, especially when the cable is brought to rest.
On entend ici par bon comportement le fait que, sur la totalité de la plage d'élongation du câble hybride, depuis l'état au repos jusqu'à l'élongation maximale, les spires du fil enroulé en hélice enserrent étroitement le fil en position centrale, empêchant tout glissement relatif des deux fils. En outre le câble est parfaitement stable, et n'a aucune tendance à vriller dans un sens ou dans l'autre. Le câble de l'invention se comporte parfaitement à la fois quand il subit une élongation du repos au taux d'élongation maximal, et en sens inverse, et ce de manière répétée. By good behavior is meant here that, over the entire range of elongation of the hybrid cable, from the idle state to the maximum elongation, the turns of the helically wound wire closely enclose the wire in position central, preventing any relative sliding of the two wires. In addition the cable is perfectly stable, and has no tendency to twist in one direction or the other. The cable of the invention behaves perfectly both when it undergoes an elongation of rest at the maximum elongation rate, and in the opposite direction, and this repeatedly.
A contrario, on entend mauvais comportement le fait que le câble a tendance à vriller, ou que les spires du fil de haute ténacité perdent le contact avec le fil de haute élasticité en position centrale, ce qui entraine des risques de glissement relatif entre les deux fils. Le câble est déstructuré pour des glissements importants entre les deux fils.On the other hand, it is understood that the cable tends to twist, or that the turns of the high-tenacity yarn lose contact with the high-elastic yarn in the central position, which entails risks of relative sliding between the two. son. The cable is unstructured for significant slippage between the two wires.
En respectant les spécifications ci-dessus sur le nombre de spires propres du fil de haute élasticité et le nombre de spires du fil de haute élasticité en pleine élongation du câble hybride, on peut fabriquer un câble hybride ayant un bon comportement pour une plage de taux d'élongation allant de 0 à plusieurs centaines de %. Le taux maximal prédéterminé du câble hybride est par exemple compris entre 100% et 400%, ou encore entre 150% et 300%. La limite supérieure est par exemple définie par le nombre de spires jointives du fil de haute ténacité qu'il est possible de placer sur le fil de haute élasticité au repos.By respecting the above specifications on the number of clean turns of the high-elastic yarn and the number of turns of the high-elastic yarn in full elongation of the hybrid cable, it is possible to manufacture a hybrid cable having good behavior for a range of rates. of elongation ranging from 0 to several hundreds of%. The predetermined maximum rate of the hybrid cable is for example between 100% and 400%, or between 150% and 300%. The upper limit is, for example, defined by the number of contiguous turns of the high-tenacity yarn which can be placed on the high-elastic yarn at rest.
Au repos, le câble hybride suivant l'invention est dans une configuration où le fil à haute ténacité est enroulé en hélice autour du fil de haute élasticité, avec un nombre de spires par mètre linéaire du câble hybride compris entre nsR - 15% et nsR + 15 %, nsR étant déterminé selon la formule suivante :
Le nombre de spire du fil à haute ténacité est dé préférence compris entre nsR - 5% et nsR + 5 %, entre nsR - 2% et nsR + 2 %.The number of turns of the high tenacity yarn is preferably between n sR - 5% and + 5% n sR, sR between n - 2 and n sR% + 2%.
Ainsi, le câble possède la propriété de passer d'une configuration à l'autre, tout en restant dans un état stable lors de ses cycles d'élongation et de relâchement.Thus, the cable has the property of moving from one configuration to another, while remaining in a stable state during its elongation and release cycles.
De préférence, pour obtenir un câble présentant une transition marquée entre ses deux comportements, à savoir une faible résistance à l'allongement, et une très forte résistance mécanique une fois tendu, on choisit les deux fils composant le câble hybride avec des propriétés nettement distinctes. Pour ce faire, et en fonction des applications, il peut être avantageux que le fil de haute ténacité et le fil de haute élasticité présentent des modules d'élasticité longitudinale, dont le rapport est supérieur ou égale à 10000. Dans d'autres applications ce rapport peut être de l'ordre de 100. Bien entendu, ce rapport peut être adapté en fonction de l'application. Typiquement ce rapport est supérieure à 100, de préférence à 1000.Preferably, to obtain a cable having a marked transition between its two behaviors, namely a low resistance to elongation, and a very high mechanical strength once tensioned, the two son composing the hybrid cable are chosen with distinctly distinct properties. . To do this, and depending on the applications, it may be advantageous for the high-tenacity yarn and the high-elasticity yarn to have longitudinal elasticity moduli whose ratio is greater than or equal to 10,000. ratio can be of the order of 100. Of course, this report can be adapted according to the application. Typically this ratio is greater than 100, preferably 1000.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, on peut utiliser pour le fil de haute élasticité et/ou pour le fil de haute ténacité, des fils constitués de multiples fils ou filaments élémentaires.According to another aspect of the invention, it is possible to use, for the high-elasticity yarn and / or for the high-tenacity yarn, yarns consisting of multiple elementary filaments or filaments.
En pratique, et selon les applications, le fil de haute élasticité peut être choisi parmi la famille des élastomères et notamment les fils d'élasthanne ou de caoutchouc naturel, ou une combinaison de ces fils, ou tout autre fil qui répondrait aux spécifications requises par l'application particulière.In practice, and according to the applications, the high-elasticity yarn can be chosen from the family of elastomers and in particular elastane or natural rubber yarns, or a combination of these yarns, or any other yarn which would meet the specifications required by the particular application.
Par ailleurs, le fil de haute ténacité peut être choisi parmi les fils du groupe comprenant : les fils de fibres naturelles, les fils de verre, de carbone, d'aramide, de para-aramide, de rayonne, ou une combinaison de ces fils, ou plus généralement tout fil obtenu à partir d'une matière synthétique ou naturelle qui présente une plus forte ténacité que l'autre fil du câble, à un niveau compatible avec les propriétés souhaitées pour le domaine d'application.Furthermore, the high-tenacity yarn may be chosen from yarns of the group comprising: yarns of natural fibers, glass, carbon, aramid, para-aramid, rayon yarns, or a combination of these yarns , or more generally any wire obtained from a synthetic or natural material which has a higher toughness than the other wire of the cable, at a level compatible with the properties desired for the field of application.
Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, le câble hybride comporte au moins un fil dit de tirage solidarisé le long dudit câble, ledit fil de tirage présentant une faible élasticité et étant apte à se rompre sous l'effet d'une charge prédéterminée.In an advantageous embodiment, the hybrid cable comprises at least one so-called pull wire secured along said cable, said pull wire having a low elasticity and being able to break under the effect of a predetermined load.
Ceci facilite l'utilisation du câble hybride dans des machines textiles, par exemple des machines de tissage. L'extension du câble est limitée par le fil de tirage pendant la fabrication.This facilitates the use of the hybrid cable in textile machines, for example weaving machines. The extension of the cable is limited by the pull wire during manufacture.
Dans ce cas, le fil de tirage de préférence est solidarisé audit câble par au moins un fil élastique dit de guipage enroulé en hélice autour du fil du premier type, du fil du second type et du fil de tirage.In this case, the pulling wire is preferably secured to said cable by at least one elastic thread said wrapping spiral wound around the wire of the first type, the wire of the second type and the pull wire.
Dans une variante de réalisation avantageuse, le taux d'élongation varie le long du câble quand le fil de tirage est tendu, de préférence varie de manière continue. Ces taux d'élongations sont appelés « taux d'élongation intermédiaires » dans ce qui suit.In an advantageous variant embodiment, the elongation rate varies along the cable when the pulling wire is stretched, preferably varies continuously. These elongation rates are referred to as "intermediate elongation rates" in the following.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le taux d'élongation intermédiaire le long d'un premier tronçon est sensiblement constant à une première valeur. Le taux d'élongation intermédiaire le long d'un second tronçon est sensiblement constant à une seconde valeur. La transition entre la première valeur de taux d'élongation et la seconde valeur de taux d'élongation se fait sur une longueur de câble relativement courte.In an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate elongation rate along a first section is substantially constant at a first value. The rate of intermediate elongation along a second section is substantially constant at a second value. The transition between the first elongation rate value and the second elongation rate value is over a relatively short cable length.
Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, le taux d'élongation intermédiaire le long du premier tronçon varie de manière continue suivant une loi prédéterminée, par exemple diminue de manière continue. Le taux d'élongation intermédiaire le long du second tronçon est sensiblement constant ou varie de manière continue suivant une loi prédéterminée.In another embodiment, the intermediate elongation rate along the first section varies continuously according to a predetermined law, for example decreases continuously. The rate of intermediate elongation along the second section is substantially constant or varies continuously according to a predetermined law.
Ainsi le câble hybride présente des tronçons ayant des élongations intermédiaires différentes quand le fil de tirage est tendu. Si le câble est utilisé pour réalisé un article tissé, cet article comporte des zones où le câble a une plus forte élongation intermédiaire, et des zones où le câble a une moins forte élongation intermédiaire. Une fois le fil de tirage rompu, les zones où le câble a une plus forte élongation intermédiaire présenteront une élasticité plus faible que les zones où le câble a une moins forte élongation intermédiaire. Cette propriété peut être utilisée pour contrôler l'expansion d'articles tissés.Thus the hybrid cable has sections with different intermediate elongations when the pull wire is stretched. If the cable is used to make a woven article, this article has areas where the cable has a greater intermediate elongation, and areas where the cable has a lower intermediate elongation. Once the pull wire is broken, the areas where the cable has a higher intermediate elongation will have a lower elasticity than the areas where the cable has a lower intermediate elongation. This property can be used to control the expansion of woven items.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation avantageux, le taux d'élongation maximal prédéterminé varie le long du câble. Le câble est alors typiquement dépourvu de fil de tirage.In another advantageous embodiment, the predetermined maximum elongation rate varies along the cable. The cable is then typically devoid of pull wire.
Ce taux d'élongation maximum variable est obtenu en faisant varier, le long du câble, le nombre de spires du fil de haute élasticité enroulé en hélice autour du fil de haute ténacité par mètre linéaire du câble hybride. Ceci est effectué au moment de la fabrication. Ce nombre de spires est choisi de manière à vérifier le critère sur le nombre de spires du fil de haute élasticité énoncé plus haut.This variable maximum elongation rate is obtained by varying, along the cable, the number of turns of the high elasticity wire wound helically around the high-tenacity wire per linear meter of the hybrid cable. This is done at the time of manufacture. This number of turns is chosen so as to verify the criterion on the number of turns of the wire of high elasticity stated above.
On fait également varier le nombre de spires propres du fil de haute élasticité, si nécessaire, pour respecter le critère énoncé plus haut.The number of clean turns of the high-elastic yarn is also varied, if necessary, to meet the criterion stated above.
Ce câble peut être lui aussi utilisé pour la réalisation d'articles tissés. Il permet de réaliser dans cet article des zones plus élastiques, là où le câble a un taux d'élongation maximum plus élevé, et des zones à élasticité plus faible, là où le câble a un taux d'élongation maximum plus faible. Cette propriété peut être utilisée pour contrôler l'expansion d'articles tissés.This cable can also be used for producing woven articles. In this article, it allows for more elastic areas where the cable has a higher maximum elongation rate and areas with lower elasticity where the cable has a lower maximum elongation rate. This property can be used to control the expansion of woven items.
En variante, un fil de tirage est ajouté au câble ultérieurement, sans modification des taux d'élongations des différents tronçons du câble.Alternatively, a pull wire is added to the cable later, without changing the elongation rates of the different sections of the cable.
Dans tous les cas, les critères sur le nombre de spires propres et sur le nombre de spires du fil de haute ténacité sont respectés en tous points du câble.In all cases, the criteria on the number of clean turns and on the number of turns of the high-tenacity wire are respected in all points of the cable.
Un autre objet de l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un câble hybride élastique ayant les caractéristiques ci-dessus, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
- enroulement en hélice du fil du premier type étiré autour du fil du second type tendu, avec un nombre de spires par mètre linéaire compris entre nsE - 15% et nsE + 15%, nsE étant déterminé à partir de la formule suivante :
- torsion du fil du premier type sur lui-même avec un nombre spécifique de spires propres par mètre linéaire du câble compris entre nsE et 3 x nsE, les spires propres du fil du premier type étant enroulées en sens inverse des spires de ladite hélice.
- helically winding the yarn of the first type stretched around the yarn of the second tensile type, with a number of turns per linear meter between n sE - 15% and n sE + 15%, n sE being determined from the following formula:
- twisting the wire of the first type on itself with a specific number of clean turns per linear meter of the cable between n sE and 3 xn sE , the clean turns of the wire of the first type being wound in the opposite direction of the turns of said helix.
En option, le procédé comprend une étape de relâchement de la tension appliquée au câble hybride, de telle manière que la contraction du fil du premier type provoque la mise du fil du second type dans une configuration où il est enroulé en hélice autour du fil du premier type.Optionally, the method comprises a step of releasing the voltage applied to the hybrid cable, such that the contraction of the wire of the first type causes the wire of the second type to be put in a configuration where it is helically wound around the wire of the second wire. first type.
Avantageusement, on obtient un brin à l'issue des étapes d'enroulement et de torsion, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape de solidarisation d'au moins un fil dit de tirage le long dudit brin, ledit fil de tirage présentant une faible élasticité et étant apte à se rompre sous l'effet d'une charge prédéterminée, l'étape de solidarisation étant effectuée après les étapes d'enroulement et de torsion.Advantageously, a strand is obtained at the end of the winding and twisting steps, the method further comprising a step of joining at least one pulling wire along said strand, said pulling wire having a low elasticity and being able to break under the effect of a predetermined load, the securing step being performed after the winding and twisting steps.
De préférence, pendant l'étape de solidarisation, on fait varier le taux d'élongation du tronçon du brin auquel le fil de tirage est solidarisé. Ledit tronçon correspond ici au tronçon auquel le fil de tirage est en cours de solidarisation. Ceci est réalisé en faisant varier le rapport entre la vitesse de défilement imposée au brin et la vitesse de défilement imposée au fil de tirage pendant l'étape de solidarisation. Ceci permet d'obtenir un câble dont le taux d'élongation intermédiaire varie le long du câble.Preferably, during the securing step, the elongation rate of the portion of the strand to which the pulling wire is secured is varied. Said section corresponds here to the section to which the pulling wire is being secured. This is achieved by varying the ratio between the speed of scroll imposed on the strand and the speed of scrolling. imposed on the pull wire during the securing step. This makes it possible to obtain a cable whose intermediate elongation rate varies along the cable.
Comme indiqué plus haut, le taux d'élongation peut être constants ou varier de manière continue le long du brin, ou varier par palier, etc.As indicated above, the elongation rate can be constant or vary continuously along the strand, or vary in steps, etc.
Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention concerne un objet manufacturé comprenant au moins un câble hybride élastique ayant les caractéristiques ci-dessus.According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a manufactured object comprising at least one elastic hybrid cable having the above characteristics.
Par exemple l'objet manufacturé comprend une manche tissée à l'aide du câble hybride, le câble hybride comportant au moins un fil dit de tirage solidarisé le long dudit câble, la manche comprenant une pluralité de fils de chaîne, le câble hybride formant le fil de trame, le câble présentant au moins des premier et second tronçons, le câble ayant des premiers taux d'élongation intermédiaires le long du premier tronçon quand le fil de tirage est tendu, le câble ayant le long du second tronçon des seconds taux d'élongation intermédiaires inférieurs aux premiers taux d'élongation intermédiaires quand le fil de tirage est tendu, le premier tronçon du câble étant un tronçon d'extrémité délimitant une partie d'extrémité de la manche, le second tronçon délimitant une partie centrale de la manche.For example, the manufactured object comprises a sleeve woven using the hybrid cable, the hybrid cable comprising at least one so-called pull wire secured along said cable, the sleeve comprising a plurality of warp threads, the hybrid cable forming the weft yarn, the cable having at least first and second sections, the cable having first intermediate elongation rates along the first section when the pulling wire is stretched, the cable having along the second section the second levels of intermediate elongations lower than the first intermediate elongation rates when the drawing wire is taut, the first section of the cable being an end section delimiting an end portion of the sleeve, the second section delimiting a central portion of the sleeve .
Avantageusement, le câble présente des troisièmes taux d'extension intermédiaires le long d'un second tronçon d'extrémité quand le fil de tirage est tendu, les seconds taux d'élongation intermédiaires étant inférieurs aux troisièmes taux d'élongation intermédiaires, ledit second tronçon d'extrémité délimitant une seconde extrémité de la manche.Advantageously, the cable has third intermediate extension rates along a second end section when the pull wire is taut, the second intermediate elongation rates being lower than the third intermediate elongation rates, said second section end defining a second end of the sleeve.
Par exemple, le premier taux d'élongation intermédiaire augmente de manière continue depuis l'extrémité libre du câble hybride jusqu'au tronçon central. De même, le troisième taux d'élongation intermédiaire augmente de manière continue depuis l'extrémité libre du câble hybride jusqu'au tronçon central. Typiquement, le second taux d'élongation intermédiaire reste constant le long du second tronçon.For example, the first rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section. Similarly, the third rate of intermediate elongation increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section. Typically, the second intermediate elongation rate remains constant along the second section.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le câble utilisé pour réaliser la manche ne comprend pas de fil de tirage. Le câble est du type présentant un taux d'élongation maximum variable, comme décrit plus haut. Ledit premier tronçon du câble présente des taux d'élongation maximum relativement plus faibles, ledit tronçon central des taux d'élongation maximum relativement plus élevés, ledit troisième tronçon du câble présente des taux d'élongation maximum relativement plus faibles.In another embodiment, the cable used to make the sleeve does not include a pull wire. The cable is of the type having a variable maximum elongation rate, as described above. Said first section of the cable has relatively lower maximum elongation rates, said central section of the relatively higher maximum elongation rates, said third section of the cable has relatively lower maximum elongation rates.
Comme précédemment, le premier taux d'élongations maximum augmente de manière continue depuis l'extrémité libre du câble hybride jusqu'au tronçon central. De même, le troisième taux d'élongation maximum augmente de manière continue depuis l'extrémité libre du câble hybride jusqu'au tronçon central. Typiquement, le second taux d'élongation maximum reste constant le long du second tronçon.As before, the first rate of maximum elongations increases continuously from the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section. Similarly, the third maximum elongation rate has been increasing steadily since the free end of the hybrid cable to the central section. Typically, the second maximum elongation rate remains constant along the second section.
Au repos, la manche présente une forme tubulaire. Quand la manche est expansée, le premier tronçon et le troisième tronçon s'expansent radialement dans une moindre mesure que le second tronçon. Une manche ayant une forme cylindrique au repos adopte, après expansion, une forme de fuseau, effilée à ses deux extrémités.At rest, the sleeve has a tubular shape. When the sleeve is expanded, the first section and the third section expand radially to a lesser extent than the second section. A sleeve having a cylindrical shape at rest adopts, after expansion, a spindle shape, tapered at both ends.
Avantageusement l'objet comprend une vessie gonflable, la manche étant enfilée autour de la vessie. La vessie avantageusement peut être gonflée et provoquer l'expansion de la manche. La manche se déforme de manière contrôlée, ce qui empêche la création de verrues sur la vessie, à la première et à la seconde extrémité de la manche.Advantageously, the object comprises an inflatable bladder, the sleeve being threaded around the bladder. The bladder advantageously can be inflated and cause expansion of the sleeve. The sleeve deforms in a controlled manner, preventing the creation of warts on the bladder at the first and second ends of the sleeve.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront mieux de la description qui va suivre, de plusieurs variantes d'exécution, données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, du câble hybride suivant l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique d'un câble hybride conforme à l'invention, - la
figure 3 est une représentation graphique de la charge du fil en fonction de son élongation, - les
figures 4A à 4D sont des vues de côté et en coupe longitudinale schématique du câble hybride suivant l'invention à un taux d'allongement de 0%, 75%, 140% et respectivement 147%, - la
figure 5 est une représentation simplifiée d'un dispositif pour la fabrication d'un câble hybride conforme à l'invention - la
figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique d'une variante d'exécution du câble hybride conforme à l'invention, - la
figure 7 est une représentation simplifiée d'un dispositif pour la fabrication du câble hybride de lafigure 6 , - la
figure 8 est une représentation graphique de la charge du câble hybride de lafigure 6 , - la
figure 9 est une représentation schématique simplifiée d'un câble avec un fil de tirage et plusieurs tronçons ayant des taux d'extension différents les uns des autres quand le fil de tirage est tendu ; - les
figures 10 et 11 sont des représentations schématiques simplifiées d'un ensemble comprenant une vessie et une manche tissée avec le câble de lafigure 9 , respectivement au repos et expansée ; et - la
figure 12 est une vue agrandie du fil à haute élasticité desfigures 4A à 4D .
- the
figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a hybrid cable according to the invention, - the
figure 3 is a graphical representation of the load of the wire according to its elongation, - the
Figures 4A to 4D are side views and schematic longitudinal section of the hybrid cable according to the invention at an elongation rate of 0%, 75%, 140% and respectively 147%, - the
figure 5 is a simplified representation of a device for manufacturing a hybrid cable according to the invention - the
figure 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the hybrid cable according to the invention, - the
figure 7 is a simplified representation of a device for manufacturing the hybrid cable of thefigure 6 , - the
figure 8 is a graphical representation of the hybrid cable load of thefigure 6 , - the
figure 9 is a simplified schematic representation of a cable with a pull wire and several sections having different extension rates from each other when the pull wire is stretched; - the
Figures 10 and 11 are simplified schematic representations of an assembly comprising a bladder and a sleeve woven with the cable of thefigure 9 at rest and expanded respectively; and - the
figure 12 is an enlarged view of the high-elasticity yarnFigures 4A to 4D .
Par souci de clarté, dans la suite de la description, les mêmes éléments ont été désignés par les mêmes références aux différentes figures. De plus, les diverses vues en coupe ne sont pas nécessairement tracées à l'échelle et les dimensions des éléments peuvent avoir été exagérées pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention.For the sake of clarity, in the remainder of the description, the same elements have been designated by the same references in the various figures. In addition, the various sectional views are not necessarily drawn to scale and the dimensions of the elements may have been exaggerated to facilitate the understanding of the invention.
En référence à la
Le fil de haute élasticité (1) peut être choisi parmi les fils du groupe suivant : fils d'élastomère tels que des fils de polyuréthanes, fils d'élasthanne, ou une combinaison de ces fils et le fil de haute ténacité (2) peut être choisi parmi les fils du groupe suivant : fils de fibres naturelles tels que des fils de coton, de lin ou de chanvre par exemple, fils de verre, fils de carbone, fil d'aramide, fils de para-aramide, fils de rayonne, ou une combinaison de ces fils.The high-elasticity yarn (1) can be chosen from the yarns of the following group: elastomer yarns such as polyurethane yarns, elastane yarns, or a combination of these yarns and the high-tenacity yarn (2) can be chosen from the yarns of the following group: yarns of natural fibers such as yarns of cotton, linen or hemp, for example, glass yarn, carbon yarn, aramid yarn, para-aramid yarn, rayon yarn , or a combination of these threads.
De préférence, le fil de haute ténacité (2) et le fil de haute élasticité (1) présentent un rapport de leurs modules d'élasticité supérieur ou égal à 10000. Toutefois, il est bien évident que le rapport des modules d'élasticité du fil de haute ténacité (2) et du fil de haute élasticité (1) pourra avoir une valeur quelconque en fonction du domaine d'application du câble élastique suivant l'invention.Preferably, the high-tenacity yarn (2) and the high-elastic yarn (1) have a ratio of their modulus of elasticity greater than or equal to 10,000. However, it is quite obvious that the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of the high tenacity yarn (2) and high elasticity yarn (1) may have any value depending on the field of application of the elastic cable according to the invention.
Par ailleurs, il est bien évident que le fil de haute élasticité (1) et le fil de haute ténacité (2) pourront être constitués respectivement d'une pluralité de fils élastiques et respectivement de haute ténacité, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.Furthermore, it is obvious that the high elasticity yarn (1) and the high tenacity yarn (2) may consist respectively of a plurality of elastic yarns and of high tenacity respectively, without departing from the scope of the invention. 'invention.
Comme visible sur la
Selon un exemple particulier de réalisation de l'invention, le fil de haute élasticité (1) est constitué d'un fil de caoutchouc naturel dont le module d'élasticité longitudinal est égal à environ 2 MPa et dont le diamètre au repos est égal à 1,1 mm. Le fil de haute ténacité (2) est constitué d'un fil d'aramide de titre 3300 dTex, commercialisé sous la marque Kevlar®, par exemple, dont le module d'élasticité longitudinal est égal à environ à 30000 MPa et dont le diamètre est égal à 0,6 mm. Pour un taux d'élongation maximal Kmax= 150%, la formule (F1) exposée plus haut donne le nombre de spires nsE égal à 170.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the high-elasticity yarn (1) consists of a natural rubber yarn whose longitudinal elastic modulus is equal to about 2 MPa and whose resting diameter is equal to 1.1 mm. The high-tenacity yarn (2) consists of a title 3300 dTex aramid yarn sold under the trademark Kevlar ®, for example, the longitudinal modulus of elasticity is about 30000 MPa and whose diameter is equal to 0.6 mm. For a maximum elongation rate K max = 150%, the formula (F1) exposed above gives the number of turns n sE equal to 170.
En référence à la
Entre ces deux zones (Zone 1, Zone 2), la courbe présente une courte zone de transition, (Zone T), s'étendant sur la plage 140 % à 150 % de taux d'élongation, à l'intérieur de laquelle le comportement du câble passe progressivement du comportement élastique au comportement résistant, et vice-versa.Between these two zones (
Ainsi, le câble hybride suivant l'invention se comporte comme un élastique dont l'élasticité est constante jusqu'à une élongation prédéterminée et, lorsque la dite élongation prédéterminée est atteinte, se comporte comme un fil de haute ténacité, c'est-à-dire une très faible élongation et une grande résistance avant rupture.Thus, the hybrid cable according to the invention behaves like an elastic whose elasticity is constant until a predetermined elongation and, when said predetermined elongation is reached, behaves like a high tenacity yarn, that is to say to say a very low elongation and a high resistance before rupture.
L'évolution du comportement du câble se comprend en en examinant l'évolution de sa configuration lors de son allongement progressif, en référence aux
Ainsi, plus précisément, et en référence à la
Dans la plage d'élongation correspondant à la zone 1, en référence à la
Ce processus se poursuit jusqu'à ce que le taux d'élongation du câble hybride soit tel que le fil de haute ténacité se trouve dans un état proche de son état de pleine élongation, c'est-à-dire environ 140% dans cet exemple de réalisation. A partir de ce taux d'élongation correspondant au début de la zone de transition (zone T), en référence à la
A la fin de la zone de transition, en référence à la
Le fil de haute élasticité (1) présente un nombre spécifique de spires propres par mètre linéaire du câble double du nombre de spires formé par le fil de haute élasticité (1) autour du fil de haute ténacité à l'état de pleine élongation. Les spires propres du fil de haute élasticité (1) s'enroulent en sens inverse des spires l'hélice formée par le fil de haute élasticité autour du fil de haute ténacité.The high elasticity yarn (1) has a specific number of clean turns per linear meter of the double wire of the number of turns formed by the high elasticity yarn (1) around the high tenacity yarn in the state of full elongation. The clean turns of the high-elastic yarn (1) wind in the opposite direction of the turns the helix formed by the high-elasticity yarn around the high-tenacity yarn.
De façon générale pour l'assemblage: le fil de haute ténacité est amené en état de pleine élongation, avec une tension au moins égale à celle qui correspond au début de la zone de transition. Le fil élastique est amené avec un taux d'allongement sensiblement égal au taux d'allongement maximum recherché pour le câble hybride. Le retordage du câble hybride peut être réalisé en utilisant indifféremment l'un ou l'autre des procédés classiques pour le retordage des câblés : simple torsion, double torsion, câblage direct notamment.Generally speaking for the assembly: the high-tenacity yarn is brought into a state of full elongation, with a tension at least equal to that corresponding to the beginning of the transition zone. The elastic yarn is fed with an elongation rate substantially equal to the desired maximum elongation rate for the hybrid cable. The twisting of the hybrid cable can be achieved by using either of the conventional methods for twisting cords: single twist, double twist, direct wiring in particular.
En référence à la
Le fil de haute ténacité (2) est déroulé depuis la bobine (13), qui est montée sur la broche creuse (12). Ce fil (2) passe dans la pastille de céramique (9) où se réalise l'assemblage avec le fil de haute élasticité (1). La tension du fil de haute ténacité (2) est assurée par un système de freinage intégré à la bobine (13). La vitesse de rotation de la broche creuse (12) sur laquelle est fixée la bobine (13) est ajustée en fonction de la vitesse de rotation du rouleau (14) pour assurer le réglage du nombre de spire nsE, comme calculé selon la formule (Formule 1).The high tenacity yarn (2) is unwound from the spool (13), which is mounted on the hollow spindle (12). This wire (2) passes into the ceramic chip (9) where the assembly is carried out with the high elasticity wire (1). The tension of the high tenacity yarn (2) is ensured by a braking system integrated into the reel (13). The rotational speed of the hollow spindle (12) to which the spool (13) is attached is adjusted according to the rotational speed of the roller (14) to adjust the number of spire n sE , as calculated according to the formula (Formula 1).
Le câble hybride (100) est entraîné par le rouleau (14) pour être renvidé sur une bobine (15) à un niveau de tension compatible avec les utilisations ultérieures.The hybrid cable (100) is driven by the roller (14) to be winded on a reel (15) at a voltage level compatible with subsequent uses.
En référence à la
Ce câble hybride guipé (200) comprend le fil de tirage (18) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement au fil de haute élasticité (1) formant l'âme du câble, et un fil de guipage (20) élastique enroulé en hélice autour de l'ensemble avec un nombre de spires classique, typiquement compris entre 60 et 200 par mètre linéaire.This gimped hybrid cable (200) comprises the pulling wire (18) extending substantially parallel to the high-elasticity wire (1) forming the core of the cable, and an elastic wrapping wire (20) wound helically around the wire. together with a number of conventional turns, typically between 60 and 200 per linear meter.
L'adjonction du fil de tirage a pour objectif de fixer de manière précise un taux d'élongation intermédiaire du câble hybride guipé (200). En effet, lorsque le fil de tirage est tendu, le brin -et donc le câble hybride- est dans un état partiellement étiré, correspondant au taux d'élongation intermédiaire. On fixe ainsi l'amplitude d'élongation entre l'état intermédiaire du câble, où le fil de tirage est tendu, et l'état de pleine élongation, dans lequel le fil de haute ténacité est pleinement tendu. Cet état de pleine élongation est atteint après rupture du fil de tirage. On notera que ce réglage peut se faire avec une grande précision, et avec une grande latitude sur le taux d'élongation du brin avant association avec le fil de tirage. Le réglage est obtenu en choisissant le rapport entre la vitesse de défilement imposée au brin et la vitesse de défilement imposée au fil de tirage.The purpose of adding the pull wire is to precisely fix an intermediate elongation rate of the gimped hybrid cable (200). Indeed, when the draw wire is stretched, the strand -and therefore the hybrid cable- is in a partially stretched state, corresponding to the intermediate elongation rate. The elongation amplitude is thus fixed between the intermediate state of the cable, where the pulling wire is stretched, and the state of full elongation, in which the high-tenacity wire is fully tensioned. This state of full elongation is reached after rupture of the pulling wire. Note that this adjustment can be made with great precision, and with great latitude on the elongation rate of the strand before association with the pull wire. The adjustment is obtained by choosing the ratio between the speed of movement imposed on the strand and the speed of scroll imposed on the pull wire.
En référence à la
Le fil de tirage est dévidé depuis la bobine (19) équipée d'un dispositif de freinage. Il passe dans la broche creuse puis dans la pastille (24) où se réalise l'assemblage. Le frein de la bobine (19) est réglé de telle manière que le fil de tirage soit délivré en état de pleine élongation à point d'assemblage.The pull wire is unwound from the spool (19) equipped with a braking device. It passes through the hollow spindle and into the pellet (24) where the assembly is carried out. The brake of the spool (19) is set so that the pull wire is delivered in a fully elongated assembly point state.
Un fil élastique (20) présentant un faible diamètre est déroulé depuis la bobine (21) solidaire de la broche creuse (17) qui est entraînée en rotation. Le fil élastique (20) passe au travers de la pastille de céramique (24) où se réalise le guipage, par le fil élastique(20), du brin (100) et du fil de tirage (18) pour former le câble hybride guipé (200). Ce câble (200) est entraîné par le rouleau (22), puis délivré, avec le taux d'élongation intermédiaire, sur la bobine de stockage (23).An elastic wire (20) having a small diameter is unwound from the coil (21) integral with the hollow spindle (17) which is rotated. The elastic thread (20) passes through the ceramic pellet (24) where the elastic thread (20) is wrapped around the strand (100) and the pulling thread (18) to form the hybrid cable with guiping. (200). This cable (200) is driven by the roll (22) and then delivered, with the intermediate elongation rate, to the storage spool (23).
Il est bien évident que le fil de tirage (18) pourra être solidarisé au brin (100) c'est-à-dire au fil de haute élasticité (1) et au fil de haute ténacité (2) par tout autre moyen connu de l'homme du métier, comme par collage ou autre, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is obvious that the pulling thread (18) can be secured to the strand (100), that is to say to the high elasticity thread (1) and to the high tenacity thread (2) by any other known means of the skilled person, such as by gluing or other, without departing from the scope of the invention.
De plus, il va de soi que le câble élastique guipé (200) pourra être obtenu en continu sans nécessiter que le brin (100) soit conditionné sur une bobine (15), c'est-à-dire directement en aval de l'opération d'assemblage des fils de haute élasticité et de haute ténacité.In addition, it goes without saying that the gimped elastic cable (200) can be obtained continuously without requiring that the strand (100) is conditioned on a coil (15), that is to say directly downstream of the assembly operation son high elasticity and high tenacity.
En référence à la
Ce fil de tirage (18) solidarisé au câble hybride permet une mise en oeuvre aisée du câble hybride, avec une élongation intermédiaire fixée par le fil de tirage pendant les diverses opérations nécessaires à ses utilisations, telles que le tissage, le tricotage ou le tréfilage par exemple.This pull wire (18) secured to the hybrid cable allows easy implementation of the hybrid cable, with an intermediate elongation fixed by the pull wire during the various operations necessary for its uses, such as weaving, knitting or drawing. for example.
Il permet également de maintenir une forme fixe d'un câble ou d'un tissu obtenu à partir d'au moins un câble suivant l'invention jusqu'au moment où les propriétés élastiques sont exprimées, par la rupture du fil de tirage, de telle sorte qu'au-delà d'un niveau de contrainte prédéterminé, le câble ou le tissu peut se déployer librement jusqu'à la limite finale d'extension du câble élastique.It also makes it possible to maintain a fixed form of a cable or a fabric obtained from at least one cable according to the invention until the elastic properties are expressed, by the rupture of the pulling wire, of such that beyond a predetermined stress level, the cable or fabric can freely extend to the final limit of extension of the elastic cable.
Dans la variante de réalisation représentée sur la
Un tel câble est obtenu en faisant varier le réglage de la vitesse de rotation du rouleau (16) par rapport à celle du rouleau (22) pendant la fabrication, de manière à délivrer le brin (100) avec le taux d'élongation désiré à son point d'assemblage avec le fil de tirage, et plus exactement en faisant varier le rapport entre la vitesse de défilement imposée au brin et la vitesse de défilement imposée au fil de tirageSuch a cable is obtained by varying the adjustment of the speed of rotation of the roller (16) relative to that of the roller (22) during manufacture, so as to deliver the strand (100) with the desired elongation rate at its point of assembly with the pulling thread, and more exactly by varying the ratio between the speed of scrolling imposed on the strand and the speed of scrolling imposed on the pull thread
Le câble élastique suivant l'invention trouvera de nombreuses applications telles que par exemple pour la réalisation de sangles ou de sandows ou la fabrication de manchons gonflables ou « packer »utilisés en diagraphie ou en exploitation du sous-sol notamment. Il trouve notamment son application pour fabriquer une gaine de contention pour packer du type décrit dans la demande de brevet
Un packer est représenté de manière simplifiée sur les
L'enveloppe (42) comporte une vessie gonflable et étanche (43) (traits interrompus sur les
Le volume interne de la vessie communique avec une source de gaz sous pression non représentée, par l'intermédiaire de passages ménagés dans le mandrin (41). L'enveloppe (42) est donc susceptible d'adopter sélectivement un état rétracté autour du mandrin (41) (
La manche (44) est tissée, et comprend donc une pluralité de fils de chaîne longitudinaux et un fil de trame entrelacé avec les fils de chaines. Le fil de trame est un câble hybride du type représenté sur la
La manche (44) est tissée en entrelaçant les fils de chaînes avec le fil de trame, de manière connue en soi. Cette opération étant réalisée en utilisant le câble hybride (200) dans un état d'élongation où le fil de tirage (18) est tendu.The sleeve (44) is woven by interlacing the warp yarns with the weft yarn, in a manner known per se. This operation is performed using the hybrid cable (200) in an elongation state where the pull wire (18) is stretched.
Il en découle que les première et seconde parties d'extrémité (45, 47) de la manche sont réalisés avec un fil de trame ayant des premiers et troisièmes taux d'élongation intermédiaires variant de manière continue, alors que la partie centrale est réalisé avec un fil de trame ayant un second taux d'élongation intermédiaire constant, inférieur aux premiers et troisièmes taux d'élongation intermédiaires.It follows that the first and second end portions (45, 47) of the sleeve are made with a weft yarn having first and third continuously varying intermediate elongation rates, while the central portion is made with a weft yarn having a second constant intermediate elongation rate, lower than the first and third intermediate elongation rates.
Quand l'enveloppe passe à son état expansé, le fil guide du câble hybride est rompu, ce qui permet au câble hybride de s'allonger jusqu'à son taux d'élongation maximum. Les première et seconde parties d'extrémités (45, 47) subissent alors une expansion radiale moins forte que la partie centrale (46). En effet, le rapport entre le taux d'élongation intermédiaire et le taux d'élongation maximal est plus élevé pour le tronçon central (33) que pour les deux tronçons d'extrémité (31, 32) du câble hybride.When the envelope goes to its expanded state, the guide wire of the hybrid cable is broken, allowing the hybrid cable to stretch to its maximum elongation rate. The first and second end portions (45, 47) then undergo less radial expansion than the central portion (46). Indeed, the ratio between the intermediate elongation rate and the maximum elongation rate is higher for the central section (33) than for the two end sections (31, 32) of the hybrid cable.
La manche va donc adopter une forme de vessie, comme représentée sur la
La vessie, à l'état expansé de l'enveloppe, rempli la manche et présente sensiblement la même forme que celle-ci. Les deux extrémités longitudinales de la vessie ne présente donc pas de zones où le matériau constituant la vessie est excessivement étiré (verrues), ce qui pourrait provoquer la rupture de la vessie à terme.The bladder, in the expanded state of the envelope, filled the sleeve and has substantially the same shape as this one. The two longitudinal ends of the bladder therefore have no areas where the material constituting the bladder is excessively stretched (warts), which could cause the rupture of the bladder at term.
Claims (16)
- A hybrid elastic cable comprising at least one filament yarn (1) of a first type and at least one filament yarn (2) of a second type, the filament yarn (1) of the first type having a lower degree of tenacity than that of the filament yarn (2) of the second type, and the filament yarn (2) of the second type having a lower degree of elasticity than that of the filament yarn (1) of the first type ; the filament yarn of the second type (2), when a predetermined maximum rate of elongation of the hybrid cable is reached, is fully elongated and the filament yarn of the first type (1) is wound in a helix around the filament yarn of the second type (2), characterised in that the filament yarn of the first type (1) with the said maximum rate of elongation is wound in a helix around the filament yarn of the second type (2) with a specific number of turns per linear metre of the cable ranging between nsE - 15% and nsE + 15%, nsE being determined based on the following formula :in which ϕe is the diameter in mm of the filament yarn of the first type (1) at rest, ϕK is the diameter in mm of the filament yarn of the second type (2), and Kmax is the predetermined maximum rate of elongation of the hybrid cable expressed in percent,the filament yarn of the first type (1) moreover being also twisted about itself with a specific number of distinct turns about itself per linear metre of the cable ranging between nsE and 3 x nsE, with the distinct turns about itself of the filament yarn of the first type (1) being wound in the opposite direction from that of the said helix,in a manner such that when the hybrid cable is at rest, the filament yarn of the second type (2) is wound in a helix around the filament yarn of the first type (1), substantially without the separation of the yarn of the second type (2) or deformation of the hybrid cable.
- A cable according to claim 1 characterised in that, at rest, the number of turns of the filament yarn of the second type ( 2) wound in a helix around the filament yarn (1) of the first type per linear metre of the hybrid cable ranges between nsR - 15% and nsR, + 15%, nsR being determined based on the following formula :
- A cable according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the filament yarn of the second type (2) and the filament yarn of the first type (1) have moduli of longitudinal elasticity, whose ratio is greater than or equal to 10000.
- A cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the filament yarn of the first type (1) is selected from the yarns of the following group: elastomeric filament yarns such as natural rubber filament yarns, elastane filament yarns, or a combination of these yarns.
- A cable according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the filament yarn of the second type (2) selected from the yarns of the following group: filament yarns of natural fibres such as cotton, flax or hemp yarns, glass filament yarns, carbon filament yarns, filament yarns of organic fibres such as aramid, para-aramid, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, of aramid or a combination of these yarns.
- A cable according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it includes at least one so called drawing yarn (18) integrally joined along the said cable, the said drawing yarn (18) having a low elasticity and being adapted to break under the effect of a predetermined load.
- A cable according to claim 6 characterised in that the drawing yarn (18) is integrally joined to the said cable by means of at least one so called wrapping elastic filament yarn (20) wound in a helix around the filament yarn of the first type (1), the filament yarn of the second type (2) and the drawing yarn (18).
- A cable according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the rate of elongation varies along the cable when the drawing yarn is tensioned, and preferably varies in a continuous manner.
- A cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the predetermined maximum rate of elongation varies along the cable.
- A process for manufacturing an elastic hybrid cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises the following steps of:- winding in a helix, of the filament yarn of the first type (1) stretched around the tensioned filament yarn of the second type (2), with a number of turns per linear metre of the cable ranging between nsE - 15% and nsE + 15%, nsE being determined based on the following formula :- twisting of the filament yarn of the first type (1) about itself with a specific number of turns about itself (3) per linear metre of the cable ranging between nsE and 3 x nsE, the turns about itself of the of the filament yarn of the first type (1) being wound in the opposite direction from the turns of the said helix.
- A process for manufacturing according to claim 10, characterised in that a strand is obtained upon conclusion of the steps of winding and twisting, the process further comprising the step of integrally joining at least one so called drawing yarn (18) along the said strand, the said drawing yarn (18) having a low elasticity and being adapted to break under the effect of a predetermined load, the step of integrally joining being carried out after the steps of winding and twisting.
- A process for manufacturing according to claim 11, characterised in that during the step of integrally joining, the rate of elongation of the section of the strand to which the drawing yarn is integrally joined is caused to be varied.
- A manufactured object (40) comprising at least one hybrid elastic cable according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
- An object according to claim 13, according to anyone of the claims 6 to 8, the object comprising a sleeve (44) woven making use of the hybrid cable, the hybrid cable including at least one so called drawing yarn (18) integrally joined along the said cable, the said drawing yarn (18) having a low elasticity and being adapted to break under the effect of a predetermined load, the sleeve (44) comprising a plurality of warp yarns, the hybrid cable forming the weft yarn, the cable presenting at least first and second sections (31, 33), the cable having first intermediate rates of elongation along the first section (31) when the drawing yarn is tensioned, the cable having along the second section (32) second intermediate rates of elongation lower than the first intermediate rates of elongation when the drawing yarn is tensioned, the first section (31) of the cable being an end section defining an end portion (45) of the sleeve (44), the second section (33) defining a central portion (46) of the sleeve (44).
- An object according to claim 14, characterised in that the cable has third intermediate rates of elongation along a second end section (32) when the drawing yarn is tensioned, the second intermediate rates of elongation being lower than the third intermediate rates of elongation, the said second end section (32) defining a second end (47) of the sleeve (44).
- An object according to claim 14 or 15, comprising an inflatable bladder (43), the sleeve (44) being fitted around the bladder (43).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1250687A FR2986013B1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2012-01-24 | ELASTIC HYBRID CABLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CABLE |
PCT/EP2013/051381 WO2013110731A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-01-24 | Hybrid elastic cable and process for manufacturing such a cable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2807296A1 EP2807296A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2807296B1 true EP2807296B1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
Family
ID=47603756
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13701260.5A Active EP2807296B1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-01-24 | Hybrid elastic cable and process for manufacturing such a cable |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9605362B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2807296B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104220656B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2986013B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013110731A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6190647B2 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2017-08-30 | 株式会社オルセン | Synthetic fiber rope |
CN105378166B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2018-09-28 | 天虹纺织集团有限公司 | Composite elastic composite yarn and its woven fabric |
KR101660116B1 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-09-26 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | stretchable fiber electrode, micro-supercapacitor using the same and preparing method thereof |
US20160249685A1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Silverskin Italia s.r.l. | Form fitting garments and methods for making same |
FR3090497B3 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-12-04 | Michelin & Cie | Assembly for a tire, tire and associated manufacturing processes |
FR3100326B1 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2021-12-31 | Calyf | Device for measuring the perimeter of a deformable object, use of the device for plethysmography by inductance or on an inflatable shutter, devices for measuring by pressurizing the subsoil and by compressing a sample of soil or rock |
FR3141610A1 (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-10 | Cousin Biotech | Implantable artificial ligament, and method of manufacturing such an artificial ligament |
CN116145300B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2024-04-30 | 苏州红旭新材料科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic shielding function elastic yarn with negative poisson ratio effect |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1400692A (en) * | 1964-05-29 | 1965-05-28 | Kendall & Co | Improvement in textile yarns |
US3625809A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1971-12-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Filament blend products |
DE3237170A1 (en) * | 1982-10-07 | 1984-04-12 | Reinhard Bremkamp KG, 5600 Wuppertal | ELASTIC THREADED ELEMENT |
GB0418759D0 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2004-09-22 | Auxetix Ltd | Uses of auxetic fibres |
JP4834672B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2011-12-14 | テクストロニクス, インク. | Elastic composite yarn, method of making it and article containing it |
GB0818523D0 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2008-11-19 | Univ Exeter | Fibrous assembly |
GB0910621D0 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2009-08-05 | Univ Exeter | Auxetic material |
-
2012
- 2012-01-24 FR FR1250687A patent/FR2986013B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-01-24 EP EP13701260.5A patent/EP2807296B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-24 US US14/374,489 patent/US9605362B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-24 CN CN201380016314.4A patent/CN104220656B/en active Active
- 2013-01-24 WO PCT/EP2013/051381 patent/WO2013110731A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2807296A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
CN104220656A (en) | 2014-12-17 |
US9605362B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
US20140373502A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
CN104220656B (en) | 2016-09-14 |
FR2986013B1 (en) | 2015-02-13 |
FR2986013A1 (en) | 2013-07-26 |
WO2013110731A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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