EP2803758B1 - Fibre composite and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Fibre composite and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2803758B1 EP2803758B1 EP14168648.5A EP14168648A EP2803758B1 EP 2803758 B1 EP2803758 B1 EP 2803758B1 EP 14168648 A EP14168648 A EP 14168648A EP 2803758 B1 EP2803758 B1 EP 2803758B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- wood
- fibers
- fibre
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 210
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 67
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000005013 Pinus cembroides Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008575 Pinus pinea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007789 Pinus pinea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-pinosylvin Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000293484 Eryngium alpinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182559 Natural dye Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009956 embroidering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011185 multilayer composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000009240 nasopharyngitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000978 natural dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinosylvine Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/26—Wood pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
- D02G3/042—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from natural material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
- D04H1/10—Felts made from mixtures of fibres
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fiber composite.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite.
- fibers such as cotton fibers are usually spun into yarns and then bonded by weaving. It can further be provided that fibers are connected disorderly, wherein a felt is formed.
- prior art fiber composites are normally impregnated with chemical fragrances such as perfumes or deodorants. The disadvantage is that skin irritation often occurs when the impregnated fiber composite or a corresponding textile is touched.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a fiber composite of the type mentioned, with which it is possible to spread a pleasant smell, and which is well tolerated even in contact with the skin, so that no skin irritation caused.
- the first object is achieved by a fiber composite of the type mentioned, wherein the fiber composite contains feltable fibers, which in particular have a flake structure, and wood fibers, wherein the felted fibers are connected to the wood fibers, preferably by felting.
- a pleasant odor which wood usually exudes, can be utilized in a fiber composite, such as a textile, by entangling wood fibers with feltable fibers.
- Feltable fibers are fibers that can be felted into felt by felting, whereby in a felt, individual fibers are intertwined with each other.
- wood is comminuted to produce the fiber composite according to the invention, For example, by means of a planer or the like of a wood block finely removed, whereby spiral-shaped or ring-shaped fibers are formed. These wood fibers can then be admixed to feltable fibers, after which the felting fibers and the wood fibers are felted.
- a flake structure of the feltable fibers leads to a very fast entanglement, since the individual fibers interlock quickly and intimately.
- the resulting felt structure it is possible that fragrances from the wood penetrate through the felted fibers from the fiber composite, so that the fiber composite can exude a pleasant smell.
- the wood is stone pine wood. It has been shown that pine wood exudes a particularly pleasant smell and has an elastic, oily and soft structure, whereby the wood is very well suited for a fiber composite according to the invention. In addition, pine wood has an antibacterial and biocidal effect due to the presence of an active substance called pinosylvin.
- the fiber composite can therefore also be used as protection against insects, especially moths. Further, in some individuals near pine wood, a heart rate is reduced, allowing for a particularly quiet sleep. This leads in particular to an increased recovery value, more energy, higher activity and an improved quality of life.
- pine wood fibers With appropriate crushing of pine wood, for example by means of a planer, it is easily possible to insert pine wood fibers in such a way in the felted fibers by felting that the fiber composite is soft and comfortable to wear despite the wood fibers contained. This is especially possible because of the oily and soft wood of the stone pine, which is also known as the Queen of the Alps.
- the pinewood fibers are advantageously felted loosely in virgin wool or silk fiber layers or matted with them, so that they are well integrated into the fiber layers and do not disturb a soft fabric handle. Because the oily pine wood fibers can take a variety of forms, also when used as a garment a pleasant wearing behavior.
- any feltable fiber can be used to form the fiber composite.
- the feltable fibers are protein fibers.
- protein fibers are very easy to tint, so that a textile formed from the fiber composite can be fashioned in a simple manner with natural dyes or chemical dyes.
- Protein fibers are textile fibers from natural proteins such as wool or silk as well as from regenerated proteins.
- the feltable fibers are natural fibers, in particular natural fibers of animal origin such as wool or silk.
- these fibers have proven to be particularly gentle on the skin and, on the other hand, they are very easy to felt.
- the fiber composite consists exclusively of pure natural products, wherein the felted fibers only from living animals obtained virgin wool and / or silk and where the wood fibers consist only of pine wood.
- Virgin wool and silk have proven to be very advantageous, since these materials have an excellent air conditioning effect.
- use of silk is advantageous because of the sheen of silk.
- wool acts against rheumatism, common cold and nerve pain and is generally well tolerated. Compared to a wool of dead animals, wool obtained from living animals has a much better felting ability, so that even thin layers of a stable felt can be formed.
- a fiber composite according to the invention can be processed into a large-area felt in which wood fibers are enclosed by feltable fibers or enclosed in them.
- the fiber composite as Yarn is formed, in particular by spinning.
- individual felted fibers are also usually connected by spinning together and at the same time include wood fibers, but instead of a flat felt only a thin thread or a thin yarn is formed.
- the wood fibers are divided accordingly small, so that they can be integrated into the thread so that they are completely enclosed by felted fibers. From such threads textiles can be subsequently formed, for example, by weaving, in which wood fibers are integrated, the above-mentioned positive and health-promoting effects of wood, especially pine wood, are achieved in the textiles.
- a multilayer or particularly thick material may be advantageous.
- a composite material has proven, which has at least two superimposed fiber layers of felted fibers, which in particular have a flake structure, wherein between a top fiber layer and a bottom fiber layer, a layer containing wood fibers , is advantageously made of wood fibers, is arranged, wherein the wood fiber-containing layer is connected via a fiber composite according to the invention with the fiber layers and wherein the wood fibers are preferably enclosed by fiber layers of felted fibers.
- a defined outflow of a smell is achieved by arranging wood fibers at a defined position or depth between fiber layers of feltable fibers.
- composite material in a simple way prevents wood fibers are superficially visible or superficially protrude from the fiber composite or fall out.
- wood fibers or the layer containing wood fibers are advantageously completely enclosed by felted fibers, so that skin contact of a user touching the composite material with wood is completely avoided.
- a particularly stable connection between the wood fibers and the fiber layers is obtained in a simple manner when the fiber layers and the wood fibers containing layer are connected by walking.
- the fiber layers are permeable to air.
- a breathable textile can thus be formed in a simple manner.
- fibers of the individual fiber layers each have a uniform orientation, wherein fibers of adjacent fiber layers different orientations, in particular an angle of about 90 ° relative to each other, have.
- the fiber layers consist of felted fibers processed into yarns or threads, which are brought into a uniform orientation, for example by weaving or braiding.
- a fiber layer in which the yarns have substantially uniform orientation or orientation is also referred to as a unidirectional fiber layer.
- the fibrous layer located immediately below the wood fiber-containing layer may comprise transverse felting fibers and the fibrous layer extending immediately above the wood fiber-containing layer comprises longitudinal fibers.
- a favorable odor development of the composite material is achieved at the same time good strength, if four to eight, preferably six fiber layers are provided, with advantageously under and over the layer containing wood fibers, two to four, in particular three fiber layers are arranged.
- a multilayer composite material usually, at least two layers containing wood are arranged between the upper and the lower fiber layer, wherein two to eight, in particular six, fiber layers are preferably provided between two layers containing wood.
- a compound of the individual layers or fiber layers is usually carried out by milling and / or felting of the fibers.
- the advantages of a good skin compatibility of the composite material can be used particularly well when the above-mentioned composite material is used as a clothing textile.
- the health-promoting effects of a composite material according to the invention can be implemented well if the composite material is used in the interior of a building as a decorative element.
- the further object is achieved in that in a method of the type mentioned verfilzbare fibers, which in particular have a scale structure, are mixed with wood fibers, after which the felted fibers are entangled including the wood fibers. This results in a fiber composite with high stability, which at the same time allows a pleasant odor development due to the wood fibers trapped in the fiber composite.
- a yarn is formed, which preferably consists predominantly of wood fibers enclosing felted fibers.
- a textile can be produced in a simple manner from a fiber composite according to the invention from the yarn or a thread in a simple manner, for example by weaving or knitting.
- a composite material in particular a composite material of the aforementioned type, it is usually provided that at least two fiber layers containing feltable fibers are formed, after which wood fibers are arranged between the fiber layers, after which the fiber layers are joined to the wood fibers by walking.
- Individual fiber layers may be formed by entanglement of feltable fibers or by interweaving or the like of yarns or filaments of feltable fibers.
- a rolling takes place, with a rolling movement and / or a kneading movement being applied to the composite material, after a method step in which the feltable fibers are entangled with the wood fibers.
- Fig. 1 shows a composite material 4 constructed with a fiber composite 1 according to the invention.
- the composite material 4 has six fiber layers 5, wherein three Fiber layers 5 are arranged above a layer 6 of wood fibers 3 and three fiber layers 5 below the wood fibers 3 containing layer 6.
- the fiber layers 5 consist of virgin wool fibers.
- any fiber 2 which is felted can be provided, both natural fibers and synthetic fibers or synthetic fibers.
- the felted fibers 2 of a fiber composite 1 may also partially consist of natural fibers and partially of man-made fibers.
- the felted fibers 2 are natural fibers and the rest consists of man-made fibers.
- virgin wool fibers or silk fibers are provided, since these fibers 2 are pleasant to the touch of the skin and to be felted well.
- wood fibers 3 pine wood fibers are normally used, which exude a pleasant smell, are antibacterial and have several health-promoting properties.
- the fiber layers 5 each have fibers 2 with unidirectional or uniform orientation, wherein adjoining fiber layers 5 have fibers 2 with different orientation. As shown, the fibers 2 of adjacent layers 6 are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other. In other words, alternately longitudinal and transverse fiber layers 5 are provided.
- the wood fibers 3 in the layer 6 do not normally have a uniform orientation and are completely enclosed by the fiber layers 5.
- a particularly well-tolerated composite material 4 with favorable and health-promoting properties is achieved when the composite material 4 consists of pure natural products, wherein the felted fibers 2 are pure new wool or pure silk and the wood fibers are 3 pine wood fibers.
- the composite material 4 consists exclusively of virgin wool and / or silk and pine wood fibers.
- at least six fiber layers are 5 provided, wherein three fiber layers 5 above and three fiber layers 5 below the layer 6, which consists of densely inlaid pine wood fibers, are arranged.
- the wood fibers 3 are arranged between an upper fiber layer 5 and a lower fiber layer 5.
- the fiber layers 5 are felted with the wood fibers 3 with the application of water at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- the felted composite material 4 is still rolled, wherein manually or mechanically rolling movements and / or kneading movements are applied to the composite material 4.
- the two fiber layers 5 are connected by felting, which are arranged directly below and above the wood fibers 3 containing layer 6.
- the wood fibers 3 are trapped between the feltable fibers 2.
- a fiber composite 1 is formed at a contact surface between the felted fibers 2 and the wood fibers 3. Due to the milling process, a dense, soft and firm shape is achieved, with a stronger and harder surface is achieved with increasing flexing time.
- the wood fibers 3 are well entrapped in the feltable fibers 2.
- Fig. 2 shows a fiber composite 1 according to the invention in detail, wherein wood fibers 3 are connected to felted fibers 2.
- the spiral or ring-shaped wood fibers 3 usually pine wood fibers, are connected to feltable fibers 2.
- the wood fiber 3 may also be spun with a fiber strand of a feltable material such as a virgin wool fiber strand or a strand of fiber silk to join the wood fiber 3 to the feltable fiber 2.
- a feltable material such as a virgin wool fiber strand or a strand of fiber silk
- the wood fiber 3 is joined to the felting fibers 2 by felting at a temperature of 60 ° C and under the action of water and friction, followed by a process of rolling to integrate the wood fiber 3 well into the felted fibers 2. This achieves a dense and soft shape.
- a fiber composite 1 according to the invention and a composite material 4 produced therewith With a fiber composite 1 according to the invention and a composite material 4 produced therewith, a favorable odor development is achieved with a simultaneously comfortable wearing feeling. Due to the health-promoting and antibacterial effects of wood, in particular pine wood, a textile made from a fiber composite 1 according to the invention also has health-promoting effects. A corresponding textile can thus be used in particular in a health care sector as a bed insert, as a fashionable throw-over blanket, as a baby towel or the like.
- the fiber composite 1 according to the invention or a composite material 4 or textile made from the same in the clothing sector as a coat, skirt, dress, interchangeable lining, waistcoat or headgear.
- a decorative element in an interior for example, as a curtain, table linen, seat cover, carpet, decoration or as filled with new wool and pine wood fibers stool done.
- a surface of the composite material 4 is visible, for example in a clothing textile, it can be provided that a topmost or first or lowest or last fiber layer 5 is provided with a fashionable pattern.
- a colored fiber layer 5 of virgin wool or silk fiber can be at least partially applied to the uppermost fiber layer 5 and be felted therewith.
- a pattern can be made by embroidering the visible fiber layers 5 with, in particular, colored cotton threads.
- a coloring with natural or chemical dyes can take place.
- the fiber composite 1 according to the invention or a composite material 4 or textile produced from the same can be used in shoes or boots, wherein advantageously a surface is coated in particular with an impregnating agent so that the surface is resistant to moisture.
- a composite 4 or Texil made from a fiber composite 1 according to the invention can easily be repaired after being damaged by fusing a loose virgin wool thread or a silk fiber into a tear, whereby feltable fibers 2 join, so that a defective spot can be resealed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Faserverbund.The invention relates to a fiber composite.
Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundes.Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Faserverbunde bekannt geworden. Beispielsweise werden bei Textilien üblicherweise Fasern wie Baumwollfasern zu Garnen gesponnen und anschließend durch Weben verbunden. Weiter kann vorgesehen sein, dass Fasern ungeordnet verbunden werden, wobei ein Filz gebildet wird. Um einen angenehmen Geruch zu erzielen, werden Faserverbunde des Standes der Technik normalerweise mit chemischen Duftstoffen wie Parfüms oder Deodorants imprägniert. Nachteilig ist, dass es dabei häufig zu Hautreizungen kommt, wenn der imprägnierte Faserverbund bzw. ein entsprechendes Textil berührt wird.Various fiber composites have become known from the prior art. For example, in textiles, fibers such as cotton fibers are usually spun into yarns and then bonded by weaving. It can further be provided that fibers are connected disorderly, wherein a felt is formed. To obtain a pleasant odor, prior art fiber composites are normally impregnated with chemical fragrances such as perfumes or deodorants. The disadvantage is that skin irritation often occurs when the impregnated fiber composite or a corresponding textile is touched.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Faserverbund der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit welchem es möglich ist, einen angenehmen Geruch zu verbreiten, und welcher auch bei einem Hautkontakt gut verträglich ist, sodass keine Hautreizungen hervorgerufen werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fiber composite of the type mentioned, with which it is possible to spread a pleasant smell, and which is well tolerated even in contact with the skin, so that no skin irritation caused.
Weiter soll ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zur Herstellung eines solchen Faserverbundes angegeben werden.Next, a method of the type mentioned for the production of such a fiber composite is to be specified.
Die erste Aufgabe wird durch einen Faserverbund der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, wobei der Faserverbund verfilzbare Fasern, welche insbesondere eine Schuppenstruktur aufweisen, und Holzfasern enthält, wobei die verfilzbaren Fasern mit den Holzfasern verbunden sind, vorzugsweise durch Verfilzen.The first object is achieved by a fiber composite of the type mentioned, wherein the fiber composite contains feltable fibers, which in particular have a flake structure, and wood fibers, wherein the felted fibers are connected to the wood fibers, preferably by felting.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung wurde erkannt, dass ein angenehmer Geruch, welchen Holz üblicherweise verströmt, in einem Faserverbund wie beispielsweise einem Textil genutzt werden kann, indem Holzfasern mit verfilzbaren Fasern verfilzt werden. Verfilzbare Fasern sind Fasern, welche durch Verfilzen zu Filz verfestigt werden können, wobei bei einem Filz einzelne Fasern miteinander ungeordnet verschlungen sind. Normalerweise wird zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbundes Holz zerkleinert, beispielsweise mittels eines Hobels oder dergleichen von einem Holzblock fein abgetragen, wobei spiralförmige bzw. ringeiförmige Fasern gebildet werden. Diese Holzfasern können anschließend verfilzbaren Fasern beigemengt werden, wonach die verfilzbaren Fasern und die Holzfasern verfilzt werden.In the context of the invention, it has been recognized that a pleasant odor, which wood usually exudes, can be utilized in a fiber composite, such as a textile, by entangling wood fibers with feltable fibers. Feltable fibers are fibers that can be felted into felt by felting, whereby in a felt, individual fibers are intertwined with each other. Normally, wood is comminuted to produce the fiber composite according to the invention, For example, by means of a planer or the like of a wood block finely removed, whereby spiral-shaped or ring-shaped fibers are formed. These wood fibers can then be admixed to feltable fibers, after which the felting fibers and the wood fibers are felted.
Eine Schuppenstruktur der verfilzbaren Fasern führt zu einem sehr schnellen Verfilzen, da sich die einzelnen Fasern rasch und innig ineinander verhaken. Durch die dabei entstehende Filzstruktur ist es möglich, dass Duftstoffe aus dem Holz durch die verfilzbaren Fasern aus dem Faserverbund dringen, sodass der Faserverbund einen angenehmen Geruch verströmen kann.A flake structure of the feltable fibers leads to a very fast entanglement, since the individual fibers interlock quickly and intimately. The resulting felt structure, it is possible that fragrances from the wood penetrate through the felted fibers from the fiber composite, so that the fiber composite can exude a pleasant smell.
Günstig ist es, wenn das Holz Zirbenholz ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Zirbenholz einen besonders angenehmen Geruch verströmt und einen elastischen, öligen und weichen Aufbau aufweist, wodurch das Holz sehr gut für einen erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund geeignet ist. Darüber hinaus wirkt Zirbenholz aufgrund eines darin enthaltenen Wirkstoffes, welcher Pinosylvin genannt wird, antibakteriell und als Biozid. Der Faserverbund kann daher auch als Schutz gegen Insekten, insbesondere Motten, eingesetzt werden. Ferner reduziert sich bei einigen Personen in der Nähe von Zirbenholz eine Herzfrequenz, wodurch ein besonders ruhiger Schlaf erreicht werden kann. Dies führt insbesondere zu einem erhöhten Erhohlungswert, mehr Energie, höherer Aktivität und einer verbesserten Lebensqualität.It is favorable, if the wood is stone pine wood. It has been shown that pine wood exudes a particularly pleasant smell and has an elastic, oily and soft structure, whereby the wood is very well suited for a fiber composite according to the invention. In addition, pine wood has an antibacterial and biocidal effect due to the presence of an active substance called pinosylvin. The fiber composite can therefore also be used as protection against insects, especially moths. Further, in some individuals near pine wood, a heart rate is reduced, allowing for a particularly quiet sleep. This leads in particular to an increased recovery value, more energy, higher activity and an improved quality of life.
Bei entsprechender Zerkleinerung des Zirbenholzes, beispielsweise mittels eines Hobels, ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, Zirbenholzfasern derart in die verfilzbaren Fasern durch Verfilzen einzufügen, dass der Faserverbund trotz enthaltener Holzfasern weich und angenehm zu tragen ist. Dies ist insbesondere aufgrund des öligen und weichen Holzes der Zirbe, welche auch als Königin der Alpen bezeichnet wird, möglich. Die Zirbenholzfasern werden mit Vorteil lose in Schurwoll- oder Seidenfaserschichten eingefilzt bzw. mit diesen verfilzt, sodass diese gut in die Faserschichten eingebunden sind und einen weichen Stoffgriff nicht stören. Weil die öligen Zirbenholzfasern verschiedenste Formen annehmen können, ergibt sich auch bei der Verwendung als Bekleidungsstück ein angenehmes Trageverhalten. Es versteht sich, dass mit steigendem Anteil von Holzfasern im Faserverbund eine Steifigkeit des Faserverbundes zunimmt sowie ein Geruch bzw. Duft intensiver wird, welchen der Faserverbund verströmt. Grundsätzlich kann jede verfilzbare Faser eingesetzt werden, um den Faserverbund zu bilden. Um einen stabilen Faserverbund mit gleichzeitig guter Geruchsausbreitung zu erreichen, ist es vorteilhaft, dass die verfilzbaren Fasern Proteinfasern sind. Darüber hinaus sind Proteinfasern sehr gut einfärbbar, sodass ein aus dem Faserverbund gebildetes Textil auf einfache Weise mit Naturfarbstoffen oder chemischen Farbstoffen modisch gestaltet werden kann. Als Proteinfasern werden Textilfasern aus naturbelassenen Proteinen wie Wolle oder Seide sowie aus regenerierten Proteinen bezeichnet.With appropriate crushing of pine wood, for example by means of a planer, it is easily possible to insert pine wood fibers in such a way in the felted fibers by felting that the fiber composite is soft and comfortable to wear despite the wood fibers contained. This is especially possible because of the oily and soft wood of the stone pine, which is also known as the Queen of the Alps. The pinewood fibers are advantageously felted loosely in virgin wool or silk fiber layers or matted with them, so that they are well integrated into the fiber layers and do not disturb a soft fabric handle. Because the oily pine wood fibers can take a variety of forms, also when used as a garment a pleasant wearing behavior. It is understood that with increasing proportion of wood fibers in the fiber composite stiffness of the fiber composite increases and a smell or fragrance is intense, which exudes the fiber composite. In principle, any feltable fiber can be used to form the fiber composite. In order to achieve a stable fiber composite with at the same time good odor propagation, it is advantageous that the feltable fibers are protein fibers. In addition, protein fibers are very easy to tint, so that a textile formed from the fiber composite can be fashioned in a simple manner with natural dyes or chemical dyes. Protein fibers are textile fibers from natural proteins such as wool or silk as well as from regenerated proteins.
Um Hautreizungen bei einem Kontakt mit dem Faserverbund zu reduzieren, ist es günstig, wenn die verfilzbaren Fasern Naturfasern sind, insbesondere Naturfasern tierischen Ursprungs wie Wolle oder Seide. Diese Fasern haben sich einerseits als besonders hautverträglich und andererseits als sehr gut verfilzbar erwiesen.In order to reduce skin irritation on contact with the fiber composite, it is favorable if the feltable fibers are natural fibers, in particular natural fibers of animal origin such as wool or silk. On the one hand, these fibers have proven to be particularly gentle on the skin and, on the other hand, they are very easy to felt.
Um einen Faserverbund zu erreichen, welcher besonders gut verträglich und antibakteriell wirkend ist sowie eine hohe Flexibilität aufweist, sodass der Faserverbund angenehm zu tragen ist, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Faserverbund ausschließlich aus reinen Naturprodukten besteht, wobei die verfilzbaren Fasern nur aus von lebenden Tieren gewonnener Schurwolle und/oder aus Seide bestehen und wobei die Holzfasern nur aus Zirbenholz bestehen. Schurwolle und Seide haben sich als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, da diese Materialien eine ausgezeichnete Klimatisierungswirkung aufweisen. Insbesondere wenn eine glänzende Oberfläche gewünscht ist, ist ein Einsatz von Seide aufgrund des Glanzes von Seide vorteilhaft. Wenn der Faserverbund als Textil zu einem Kleidungsstück verarbeitet wird, kann somit eine gleichmäßige und konstante Körpertemperatur eines Benutzers erreicht werden. Dadurch wird je nach Außentemperatur auf einfache Weise ein Frieren bzw. ein Schwitzen verhindert. Weiter hat sich gezeigt, dass Wolle gegen Rheuma, Erkältungskrankheiten und Nervenschmerzen wirkt und allgemein gut verträglich ist. Gegenüber einer Wolle von toten Tieren weist von lebenden Tieren gewonnene Wolle eine wesentlich bessere Filzfähigkeit auf, sodass auch dünne Schichten eines stabilen Filzes gebildet werden können.In order to achieve a fiber composite which is particularly well tolerated and antibacterial and has a high flexibility, so that the fiber composite is comfortable to wear, it is preferably provided that the fiber composite consists exclusively of pure natural products, wherein the felted fibers only from living animals obtained virgin wool and / or silk and where the wood fibers consist only of pine wood. Virgin wool and silk have proven to be very advantageous, since these materials have an excellent air conditioning effect. In particular, when a glossy surface is desired, use of silk is advantageous because of the sheen of silk. Thus, when the fiber composite is fabricated into a garment, a uniform and constant body temperature of a user can be achieved. As a result, freezing or perspiration is easily prevented depending on the outside temperature. It has also been shown that wool acts against rheumatism, common cold and nerve pain and is generally well tolerated. Compared to a wool of dead animals, wool obtained from living animals has a much better felting ability, so that even thin layers of a stable felt can be formed.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Faserverbund kann zu einem großflächigen Filz verarbeitet sein, in welchem Holzfasern von verfilzbaren Fasern umschlossen bzw. in diese eingeschlossen sind. Es kann jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Faserverbund als Garn ausgebildet ist, insbesondere durch Spinnen. Dabei sind einzelne verfilzbare Fasern ebenfalls in der Regel durch Spinnen miteinander verbunden und schließen gleichzeitig Holzfasern ein, jedoch wird anstatt eines flächigen Filzes nur ein dünner Faden bzw. ein dünnes Garn gebildet. Es versteht sich, dass hierzu die Holzfasern entsprechend klein zerteilt werden, sodass diese in den Faden derart integriert werden können, dass diese vollständig von verfilzbaren Fasern umschlossen sind. Aus derartigen Fäden können in weiterer Folge beispielsweise durch Weben Textilien gebildet werden, in welche Holzfasern integriert sind, wobei die vorstehend genannten positiven und gesundheitsfördernden Wirkungen von Holz, insbesondere von Zirbenholz, in den Textilien erreicht werden.A fiber composite according to the invention can be processed into a large-area felt in which wood fibers are enclosed by feltable fibers or enclosed in them. However, it can also be provided that the fiber composite as Yarn is formed, in particular by spinning. In this case, individual felted fibers are also usually connected by spinning together and at the same time include wood fibers, but instead of a flat felt only a thin thread or a thin yarn is formed. It is understood that for this purpose, the wood fibers are divided accordingly small, so that they can be integrated into the thread so that they are completely enclosed by felted fibers. From such threads textiles can be subsequently formed, for example, by weaving, in which wood fibers are integrated, the above-mentioned positive and health-promoting effects of wood, especially pine wood, are achieved in the textiles.
Für verschiedene Einsatzzwecke kann ein mehrschichtiges bzw. besonders dickes Material vorteilhaft sein. Um die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkungen auch bei einem solchen Material zu erzielen, hat sich ein Verbundmaterial bewährt, welches zumindest zwei übereinander angeordnete Faserschichten aus verfilzbaren Fasern aufweist, welche insbesondere eine Schuppenstruktur aufweisen, wobei zwischen einer oberen Faserschicht und einer unteren Faserschicht eine Schicht, welche Holzfasern enthält, mit Vorteil aus Holzfasern besteht, angeordnet ist, wobei die Holzfasern enthaltende Schicht über einen erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund mit den Faserschichten verbunden ist und wobei die Holzfasern vorzugsweise von Faserschichten aus verfilzbaren Fasern eingeschlossen sind. Somit wird auch bei einem stärkeren bzw. dickeren Material ein definiertes Verströmen eines Geruches erreicht, indem Holzfasern an einer definierten Position bzw. Tiefe zwischen Faserschichten aus verfilzbaren Fasern angeordnet sind. Darüber hinaus ist bei einem entsprechenden, in der Regel flächig ausgebildeten, Verbundmaterial auf einfache Weise verhindert, dass Holzfasern oberflächlich sichtbar sind bzw. oberflächlich aus dem Faserverbund herausragen oder herausfallen. Mit Vorteil sind hierzu Holzfasern bzw. die Holzfasern enthaltende Schicht gänzlich von verfilzbaren Fasern eingeschlossen, sodass ein Hautkontakt eines das Verbundmaterial berührenden Benutzers mit Holz vollkommen vermieden ist.For various applications, a multilayer or particularly thick material may be advantageous. In order to achieve the effects according to the invention in such a material, a composite material has proven, which has at least two superimposed fiber layers of felted fibers, which in particular have a flake structure, wherein between a top fiber layer and a bottom fiber layer, a layer containing wood fibers , is advantageously made of wood fibers, is arranged, wherein the wood fiber-containing layer is connected via a fiber composite according to the invention with the fiber layers and wherein the wood fibers are preferably enclosed by fiber layers of felted fibers. Thus, even with a stronger or thicker material, a defined outflow of a smell is achieved by arranging wood fibers at a defined position or depth between fiber layers of feltable fibers. In addition, in a corresponding, usually flat trained, composite material in a simple way prevents wood fibers are superficially visible or superficially protrude from the fiber composite or fall out. For this purpose, wood fibers or the layer containing wood fibers are advantageously completely enclosed by felted fibers, so that skin contact of a user touching the composite material with wood is completely avoided.
Eine besonders stabile Verbindung zwischen den Holzfasern und den Faserschichten ergibt sich auf einfache Weise, wenn die Faserschichten und die Holzfasern enthaltende Schicht durch Walken verbunden sind. Hierzu werden die Faserschichten, zwischen welchen sich eine Holzfasern enthaltene Schicht befindet, gewalkt, sodass sich die verfilzbaren Fasern verfilzen und dabei die Holzfasern enthaltende Schicht einschließen.A particularly stable connection between the wood fibers and the fiber layers is obtained in a simple manner when the fiber layers and the wood fibers containing layer are connected by walking. For this purpose, the fiber layers, between which is a layer containing wood fibers, drummed, so that the felted fibers matted and thereby include the wood fibers containing layer.
Zur Erreichung einer günstigen Geruchsentwicklung ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Faserschichten luftdurchlässig sind. Darüber hinaus kann somit auf einfache Weise ein atmungsaktives Textil gebildet werden.To achieve a favorable odor development, it is preferably provided that the fiber layers are permeable to air. In addition, a breathable textile can thus be formed in a simple manner.
Um eine hohe Festigkeit des Faserverbundes zu erreichen und gleichzeitig eine besonders gleichmäßige Geruchsentwicklung zu ermöglichen, ist in der Regel vorgesehen, dass Fasern der einzelnen Faserschichten jeweils eine einheitliche Ausrichtung aufweisen, wobei Fasern aneinander angrenzender Faserschichten unterschiedliche Ausrichtungen, insbesondere einen Winkel von etwa 90° relativ zueinander, aufweisen. Hierzu kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Faserschichten aus zu Garnen bzw. Fäden verarbeiteten verfilzbaren Fasern bestehen, welche beispielsweise durch Weben oder Flechten in eine einheitliche Ausrichtung gebracht sind. Eine Faserschicht, in welcher die Fäden bzw. Garne im Wesentlichen eine einheitliche Ausrichtung oder Orientierung aufweisen bzw. parallel sind, wird auch als unidirektionale Faserschicht bezeichnet.In order to achieve a high strength of the fiber composite and at the same time to allow a particularly uniform odor development, it is generally provided that fibers of the individual fiber layers each have a uniform orientation, wherein fibers of adjacent fiber layers different orientations, in particular an angle of about 90 ° relative to each other, have. For this purpose, it can also be provided that the fiber layers consist of felted fibers processed into yarns or threads, which are brought into a uniform orientation, for example by weaving or braiding. A fiber layer in which the yarns have substantially uniform orientation or orientation is also referred to as a unidirectional fiber layer.
Für eine hohe Festigkeit im Bereich der Holzfasern enthaltenden Schicht hat es sich bewährt, wenn Fasern von zwei an die Holzfasern enthaltende Schicht angrenzenden Faserschichten jeweils eine einheitliche Ausrichtung aufweisen, wobei die Fasern der zwei Faserschichten unterschiedliche Ausrichtungen, insbesondere einen Winkel von etwa 90° relativ zueinander, aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann die unmittelbar unter der Holzfasern enthaltenden Schicht angeordnete Faserschicht quer verlaufende verfilzbare Fasern aufweisen und die unmittelbar über der Holzfasern enthaltenden Schicht verlaufende Faserschicht längs verlaufende Fasern.For high strength in the wood fiber-containing layer, it has been found that fibers of two fiber layers adjacent to the wood fiber layer each have a uniform orientation, the fibers of the two fiber layers having different orientations, in particular an angle of about 90 ° relative to each other , exhibit. For example, the fibrous layer located immediately below the wood fiber-containing layer may comprise transverse felting fibers and the fibrous layer extending immediately above the wood fiber-containing layer comprises longitudinal fibers.
Eine günstige Geruchsentwicklung des Verbundmaterials wird bei gleichzeitig guter Festigkeit erreicht, wenn vier bis acht, vorzugsweise sechs Faserschichten vorgesehen sind, wobei mit Vorteil unter und über der Schicht, welche Holzfasern enthält, jeweils zwei bis vier, insbesondere drei Faserschichten angeordnet sind.A favorable odor development of the composite material is achieved at the same time good strength, if four to eight, preferably six fiber layers are provided, with advantageously under and over the layer containing wood fibers, two to four, in particular three fiber layers are arranged.
Es versteht sich, dass auch mehrere Lagen eines derartigen Verbundmaterials übereinander angeordnet werden können, um ein mehrschichtiges Verbundmaterial mit entsprechender Dicke zu erreichen. Einzelne Lagen von Faserschichten können dabei durch Verfilzen und/oder durch Verweben miteinander verbunden sein. Somit kann je nach Bedarf ein Verbundmaterial für eine kalte oder eine warme Jahreszeit gebildet werden.It is understood that multiple layers of such a composite material can be stacked to achieve a multilayer composite of appropriate thickness. Individual layers of fiber layers can be joined together by felting and / or by weaving. Thus, a composite material for a cold or a warm season can be formed as needed.
Üblicherweise sind bei einem solchen mehrschichtigen Verbundmaterial zwischen der oberen und der unteren Faserschicht zumindest zwei Holz enthaltende Schichten angeordnet, wobei vorzugsweise zwischen zwei Holz enthaltenden Schichten zwei bis acht, insbesondere sechs, Faserschichten vorgesehen sind. Eine Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten bzw. Faserschichten erfolgt in der Regel durch Walken und/oder Verfilzen der Fasern.Usually, in such a multilayer composite material, at least two layers containing wood are arranged between the upper and the lower fiber layer, wherein two to eight, in particular six, fiber layers are preferably provided between two layers containing wood. A compound of the individual layers or fiber layers is usually carried out by milling and / or felting of the fibers.
Die Vorteile einer guten Hautverträglichkeit des Verbundmaterials können besonders gut genutzt werden, wenn das vorstehend genannte Verbundmaterial als Bekleidungstextil verwendet wird.The advantages of a good skin compatibility of the composite material can be used particularly well when the above-mentioned composite material is used as a clothing textile.
Weiter können die gesundheitsfördernden Effekte eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterials, welches insbesondere Zirbenholz enthält, gut umgesetzt werden, wenn das Verbundmaterial im Innenraum eines Gebäudes als Dekorelement verwendet wird.Furthermore, the health-promoting effects of a composite material according to the invention, which in particular contains pinewood, can be implemented well if the composite material is used in the interior of a building as a decorative element.
Die weitere Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art verfilzbare Fasern, welche insbesondere eine Schuppenstruktur aufweisen, mit Holzfasern vermengt werden, wonach die verfilzbaren Fasern die Holzfasern einschließend verfilzt werden. Dies ergibt einen Faserverbund mit hoher Stabilität, welcher gleichzeitig eine angenehme Geruchsentwicklung aufgrund der im Faserverbund eingeschlossenen Holzfasern ermöglicht.The further object is achieved in that in a method of the type mentioned verfilzbare fibers, which in particular have a scale structure, are mixed with wood fibers, after which the felted fibers are entangled including the wood fibers. This results in a fiber composite with high stability, which at the same time allows a pleasant odor development due to the wood fibers trapped in the fiber composite.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Garn gebildet wird, welcher vorzugsweise überwiegend aus Holzfasern einschließenden verfilzbaren Fasern besteht. Dadurch kann aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund in weiterer Folge aus dem Garn bzw. einem Faden auf einfache Weise ein Textil beispielsweise durch Weben oder Stricken hergestellt werden.It can be provided that a yarn is formed, which preferably consists predominantly of wood fibers enclosing felted fibers. As a result, a textile can be produced in a simple manner from a fiber composite according to the invention from the yarn or a thread in a simple manner, for example by weaving or knitting.
Zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterials, insbesondere eines Verbundmaterials der vorstehend genannten Art, ist üblicherweise vorgesehen, dass zumindest zwei Faserschichten, welche verfilzbare Fasern enthalten, gebildet werden, wonach zwischen den Faserschichten Holzfasern angeordnet werden, wonach die Faserschichten mit den Holzfasern durch Walken verbunden werden. Dies ergibt eine stabile Verbindung, wobei einzelne verfilzbare Fasern durch Verfilzen miteinander verbunden sind, wobei diese gleichzeitig die Holzfasern einschließen, sodass eine angenehme Geruchsentwicklung möglich ist. Einzelne Faserschichten können dabei durch Verfilzen von verfilzbaren Fasern oder durch Verweben oder dergleichen von Garnen oder Fäden aus verfilzbaren Fasern gebildet werden.For producing a composite material, in particular a composite material of the aforementioned type, it is usually provided that at least two fiber layers containing feltable fibers are formed, after which wood fibers are arranged between the fiber layers, after which the fiber layers are joined to the wood fibers by walking. This results in a stable connection, wherein individual felted fibers are connected by felting, which at the same time include the wood fibers, so that a pleasant odor development is possible. Individual fiber layers may be formed by entanglement of feltable fibers or by interweaving or the like of yarns or filaments of feltable fibers.
Um bei einem Verfilzen eine hohe Stabilität sowie einen guten Einschluss der Holzfasern zu erreichen, ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass das Verfilzen unter Einwirkung von Wasser bei einer Temperatur von 40 °C bis 80 °C, vorzugsweise 50 °C bis 70 °C, insbesondere etwa 60 °C, erfolgt. In der Regel erfolgt ein Walken, wobei eine Rollbewegung und/oder eine Knetbewegung auf das Verbundmaterial aufgebracht wird, nach einem Verfahrensschritt, in welchem die verfilzbaren Fasern die Holzfasern einschließend verfilzt werden.In order to achieve high stability and good inclusion of the wood fibers in a felting, it is advantageously provided that the felting under the action of water at a temperature of 40 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 70 ° C, in particular about 60 ° C, takes place. As a rule, a rolling takes place, with a rolling movement and / or a kneading movement being applied to the composite material, after a method step in which the feltable fibers are entangled with the wood fibers.
Bei einem Walken verhaken sich die einzelnen verfilzbaren Fasern aufgrund der Schuppenstruktur ineinander, wobei Holzfasern gut eingebunden werden. Der Walkprozess ist somit günstig für eine besonders dichte und weiche bzw. feste Form. Je länger bzw. intensiver gewalkt wird, umso fester wird das Verbundmaterial. Dadurch wird eine harte und feste Oberfläche des Verbundmaterials erreicht.When walking, the individual felted fibers become entangled due to the scale structure, whereby wood fibers are well integrated. The Walk process is thus favorable for a particularly dense and soft or solid form. The longer or more intensified, the stronger the composite material becomes. This achieves a hard and firm surface of the composite.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Wirkungen der Erfindung ergeben sich anhand der nachfolgend dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele. In den Zeichnungen, auf welche dabei Bezug genommen wird, zeigen:
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Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verbundmaterial; -
Fig. 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund.
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Fig. 1 a section through a composite material according to the invention; -
Fig. 2 a fiber composite according to the invention.
Ebenso sind die Fasern 2 der Faserschicht 5, welche unmittelbar unter der Holzfaser 3 enthaltenden Schicht 6 positioniert ist, in einem Winkel von 90° zu den Fasern 2 jener Faserschicht 5 angeordnet, welche unmittelbar oberhalb der Holzfasern 3 enthaltenen Schicht 6 positioniert ist. Dadurch wird eine sehr hohe Festigkeit erreicht. Die Holzfasern 3 in der Schicht 6 weisen normalerweise keine einheitliche Ausrichtung auf und sind gänzlich von den Faserschichten 5 eingeschlossen.Likewise, the
Ein besonders gut verträgliches Verbundmaterial 4 mit günstigen und gesundheitsfördernden Eigenschaften wird erreicht, wenn das Verbundmaterial 4 aus reinen Naturprodukten besteht, wobei die verfilzbaren Fasern 2 reine Schurwolle oder reine Seide sind und die Holzfasern 3 Zirbenholzfasern sind. In einer bevorzugten Ausführung besteht das Verbundmaterial 4 ausschließlich aus Schurwolle und/oder Seide und Zirbenholzfasern. Üblicherweise sind mindestens sechs Faserschichten 5 vorgesehen, wobei drei Faserschichten 5 oberhalb und drei Faserschichten 5 unterhalb der Schicht 6, welche aus dicht eingelegten Zirbenholzfasern besteht, angeordnet sind. Zur Herstellung des Verbundmaterials 4 werden die Holzfasern 3 zwischen den einer oberen Faserschicht 5 und einer unteren Faserschicht 5 angeordnet. Anschließend werden die Faserschichten 5 mit den Holzfasern 3 unter Aufbringung von Wasser bei einer Temperatur von etwa 60 °C verfilzt. In einem weiteren Schritt wird das verfilzte Verbundmaterial 4 noch gewalkt, wobei manuell oder maschinell Rollbewegungen und/oder Knetbewegungen auf das Verbundmaterial 4 aufgebracht werden. Dabei werden auch die zwei Faserschichten 5 durch Verfilzen verbunden, welche unmittelbar unterhalb und oberhalb der Holzfasern 3 enthaltenden Schicht 6 angeordnet sind. Dadurch werden die Holzfasern 3 zwischen den verfilzbaren Fasern 2 eingeschlossen. Dabei wird an einer Kontaktfläche zwischen den verfilzbaren Fasern 2 und den Holzfasern 3 ein Faserverbund 1 gebildet. Aufgrund des Walkprozesses wird eine dichte, weiche und feste Form erreicht, wobei mit zunehmender Walkzeit eine festere und härtere Oberfläche erreicht wird. Gleichzeitig sind die Holzfasern 3 gut in den verfilzbaren Fasern 2 eingeschlossen.A particularly well-tolerated
Die Holzfaser 3 kann auch mit einem Faserstrang aus einem verfilzbaren Material wie einem Schurwollfaserstrang oder aus einem Faserseidenstrang versponnen werden, um die Holzfaser 3 mit der verfilzbaren Faser 2 zu verbinden.The
Üblicherweise wird die Holzfaser 3 mit den verfilzbaren Fasern 2 durch Verfilzen bei einer Temperatur von 60 °C und unter Einwirkung von Wasser und Reibung verbunden, wonach ein Walkprozess erfolgt, um die Holzfaser 3 gut in die verfilzbaren Fasern 2 einzubinden. Dadurch wird eine dichte und weiche Form erreicht.Usually, the
Mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund 1 sowie einem mit demselben hergestellten Verbundmaterial 4 wird eine günstige Geruchsentwicklung bei gleichzeitig angenehmem Tragegefühl erreicht. Aufgrund der gesundheitsfördernden und antibakteriellen Wirkungen von Holz, insbesondere Zirbenholz, weist ein aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund 1 hergestelltes Textil auch gesundheitsfördernde Wirkungen auf. Ein entsprechendes Textil kann somit insbesondere in einem Gesundheitsbereich als Betteinlage, als modische Überwurfdecke, als Babytuch oder dergleichen verwendet werden.With a fiber composite 1 according to the invention and a
Ferner hat es sich bewährt, den erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund 1 bzw. ein aus demselben hergestelltes Verbundmaterial 4 oder Textil im Bekleidungsbereich als Mantel, Rock, Kleid, austauschbares Innenfutter, Weste oder Kopfbedeckung einzusetzen.Furthermore, it has proven useful to use the fiber composite 1 according to the invention or a
Darüber hinaus kann eine Verwendung als Dekorelement in einem Innenraum beispielsweise als Vorhang, Tischwäsche, Sitzbezug, Teppich, Dekoration oder als mit Schurwolle und Zirbenholzfasern gefüllter Hocker erfolgen. Insbesondere wenn eine Oberfläche des Verbundmaterials 4 sichtbar ist, beispielsweise bei einem Bekleidungstextil, kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine oberste bzw. erste oder unterste bzw. letzte Faserschicht 5 mit einem modischen Muster versehen ist. Hierzu kann eine farbige Faserschicht 5 aus Schurwolle oder Seidenfaser zumindest teilweise auf die oberste Faserschicht 5 aufgebracht und mit dieser verfilzt werden. Darüber hinaus kann ein Muster durch Besticken der sichtbaren Faserschichten 5 mit insbesondere farbigen Baumwollfäden erfolgen. Weiter kann eine Einfärbung mit natürlichen oder chemischen Farbstoffen erfolgen.In addition, use as a decorative element in an interior, for example, as a curtain, table linen, seat cover, carpet, decoration or as filled with new wool and pine wood fibers stool done. In particular, if a surface of the
Weiter kann der erfindungsgemäße Faserverbund 1 bzw. ein aus demselben hergestelltes Verbundmaterial 4 oder Textil in Schuhen oder Stiefeln verwendet werden, wobei mit Vorteil eine Oberfläche insbesondere mit einem Imprägniermittel beschichtet wird, sodass die Oberfläche feuchtigkeitsbeständig ist.Furthermore, the fiber composite 1 according to the invention or a
Ein aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbund 1 hergestelltes Verbundmaterial 4 oder Texil kann nach einer Beschädigung auf einfache Weise repariert werden, indem ein loser Schurwollfaden oder eine Seidenfaser in einen Riss eingefilzt wird, wobei sich verfilzbare Fasern 2 verbinden, sodass eine schadhafte Stelle wieder verschlossen werden kann.A composite 4 or Texil made from a fiber composite 1 according to the invention can easily be repaired after being damaged by fusing a loose virgin wool thread or a silk fiber into a tear, whereby
Claims (15)
- A fibre composite (1), characterised in that, the fibre composite (1) contains feltable fibres (2), which in particular have a scaled structure, and wood fibres (3), wherein the feltable fibres (2) are joined with the wood fibres (3), preferably by means of a felting process.
- The fibre composite (1) in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the wood is pinewood.
- The fibre composite (1) in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the feltable fibres (2) are protein fibres.
- The fibre composite (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the feltable fibres (2) are natural fibres, in particular natural fibres of animal origin, such as wool or silk.
- The fibre composite (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the fibre composite (1) consists exclusively of pure natural products, wherein the feltable fibres (2) consist only of virgin wool obtained from living animals, and/or of silk, and wherein the wood fibres (3) consist only of pinewood.
- The fibre composite (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the fibre composite (1) is designed as a yarn, in particular by means of a spinning process.
- A composite material (4), having at least two fibre layers (5) of feltable fibres (2), arranged one above another, which in particular have a scaled structure, characterised in that a layer (6), which contains wood fibres (3), which advantageously consists of wood fibres (3), is arranged between an upper fibre layer (5) and a lower fibre layer (5), wherein the layer (6) containing wood fibres (3) is joined, by means of a fibre composite (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, with the fibre layers (5), and wherein the wood fibres (3) are preferably enclosed by fibre layers (5) of feltable fibres (2).
- The composite material (4) in accordance with claim 7, characterised in that the fibre layers (5) and the layer (6) containing the wood fibres (3) are joined by means of a fulling process.
- The composite material (4) in accordance with claim 7 or 8, characterised in that fibres (2) of the individual fibre layers (5) have a uniform alignment in each case, wherein fibres (2) of fibre layers (5) that are adjacent one another have different alignments, in particular an angle of approximately 90° relative to one another.
- The composite material (4) in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 9, characterised in that fibres (2) of two fibre layers (5) adjacent to the layer (6) containing the wood fibres (3) have a uniform alignment in each case, wherein the fibres (2) of the two fibre layers (5) have different alignments, in particular an angle of approximately 90° relative to one another.
- Use of a composite material (4) in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 10 as a clothing textile.
- Use of a composite material (4) in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 10 in the interior of a building as a decorative element.
- A method for the manufacture of a fibre composite (1), in particular a fibre composite (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that feltable fibres (2), which in particular have a scaled structure, are blended with wood fibres (3), after which the feltable fibres (2) are felted, enclosing the wood fibres (3).
- The method in accordance with claim 13, characterised in that a yarn is formed, which preferably consists predominantly of feltable fibres (2), enclosing wood fibres (3).
- The method in accordance with claim 13, characterised in that at least two fibre layers (5), which contain feltable fibres (2), are formed, after which wood fibres (3) are arranged between the fibre layers (5), after which the fibre layers (5) are joined with the wood fibres (3) by means of a fulling process.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA408/2013A AT514057B1 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Textile surface of new wool or silk and stone pine wood |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2803758A1 EP2803758A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
EP2803758B1 true EP2803758B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
Family
ID=50729390
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14168648.5A Active EP2803758B1 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Fibre composite and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2803758B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT514057B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3057036A (en) * | 1960-09-27 | 1962-10-09 | Nathan H Koenig | Process for densifying felts with formamide |
US3472720A (en) * | 1965-05-28 | 1969-10-14 | Bpb Industries Ltd | Method of forming felt-faced wood wool slab |
DE4139180A1 (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 1993-06-03 | Jacob Emendoerfer Nachf Baur V | Heat insulation material, esp. for buildings - comprises mixed fibre felt of sheep's wool and kapok fibres |
DE4319175C2 (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1996-08-22 | Heraklith Holding Ag | Flax fiber insulation fleece |
WO1996015301A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-23 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Densified cellulose fiber pads and method of making the same |
AUPN200895A0 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1995-04-27 | Griffiths, Alan Lyle | Insulation, and method and machine for forming same |
EP0943025A1 (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-09-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Air-laid unitary absorbent layer |
US6861380B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-03-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having reduced lint and slough |
RU2007136554A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2009-04-10 | БАСФ Акциенгезельшафт (DE) | PRODUCTION OF FORMED PRODUCTS FROM FINE DISPERSED MATERIALS BASED ON LIGNO CELLULOSE |
-
2013
- 2013-05-16 AT ATA408/2013A patent/AT514057B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-05-16 EP EP14168648.5A patent/EP2803758B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2803758A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
AT514057A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
AT514057B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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