EP2512817B1 - Process for manufacturing a metering roll especially usable for printing and metering roll obtained by this process - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a metering roll especially usable for printing and metering roll obtained by this process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2512817B1
EP2512817B1 EP09796288.0A EP09796288A EP2512817B1 EP 2512817 B1 EP2512817 B1 EP 2512817B1 EP 09796288 A EP09796288 A EP 09796288A EP 2512817 B1 EP2512817 B1 EP 2512817B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
proportion
process according
chrome
metering roll
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09796288.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2512817A1 (en
Inventor
Gregor Langer
Jens-Erich DÖRING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TeroLab Surface Group SA
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TeroLab Surface Group SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2512817A1 publication Critical patent/EP2512817A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/02—Top layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process for manufacturing a metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, comprising a central cylindrical core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating.
  • the present invention concerns also a metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, comprising a central cylindrical core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating, obtained by this process.
  • the metering rolls are widely used to bring a metered quantity of ink to the plate roll with which it is in contact.
  • One type of metering rolls is provided with a peripheral coating of ceramic that is engraved, mainly by use of a laser beam.
  • Another type of metering rolls has a metallic surface layer that is engraved either by mechanical tools or by use of a laser beam. The surface layer is more often made of a soft metal like copper or tin and is chrome plated after the engraving.
  • Another prior art method consists in a chemical etching of an image that is illuminated by a laser beam or similar.
  • the United States Patent Nr. 5,514,064 describes a process for making metal inking rolls, particularly for flexographic printing having a roll structure composed of an ammonia hardenable steel, in particular stainless steel.
  • the UK patent application GB 2 089 473 A relates to an ink doctor roller for printing machines, especially a doctor roller comprising a base body of steel provided with a circumferential covering comprising a sprayed outer layer of wear-resistant material in which a low friction material is embedded in islands.
  • the international application WO 91/13762 relates to a screen roller comprising a cylindrical roller body and shaft means with a pattern of recesses present on the external surface of the roller body, in which the pattern of recesses is present in an electroplated metal layer which is of a hardness being greater than the hardness of the metal of the roller body.
  • the technical features which are required for metering rolls, and especially for their superficial coating layer are the following: easiness of the engraving, high resistance to mechanical wear, protection against corrosion due for example to aggressive cleaning products.
  • a ceramic coating is sensitive to corrosive liquids because it is somewhat porous and though it has a great hardness the liquids may penetrate into the coating and reach the lower layers and the central core of the roll.
  • One solution consists in filling up the pores with additional components mixed with the ceramic mixture.
  • the coating is made of a soft metal, it is necessary to chrome plate the upper layer to harden the surface and increase its resistance.
  • the scraper for metering the printing inks is applied with a high compression on the surface of the upper layer of the metering roll. Due to the hard material of the coating and the sharp edges of the structured surface, the scraper is submitted to an intensive wear.
  • the process of the invention offers a new technology permitting to a manufacture metering roll, having an improved resistance to mechanical wear, a better protection to corrosion at lower costs, and remaining easy to engrave.
  • the process of the present invention such as defined in the preamble is characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr 3 C 2 ); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), the peripheral coating being provided by thermal spraying including at least one of the following methods: flame spraying, electrical arc spraying, plasma spraying, high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying.
  • the proportion of chrome is advantageously comprised between 20 and 35%. According to one preferred variant, the proportion of chrome is at least approximately 32%.
  • the proportion of chrome is at least approximately 27%
  • the proportion of nickel is advantageously comprised between 0 and 20%.
  • the proportion of nickel is at least approximately 16%.
  • the proportion of nickel is at least approximately 8%.
  • the proportion of boron is advantageously comprised between 0 and 8%. According to one preferred variant the proportion of boron is at least approximately 4.6%.
  • the proportion of carbon is advantageously comprised between 0 and 3%.
  • the proportion of carbon is at least approximately 0.6%.
  • the proportion of carbon is at least approximately 2%.
  • the proportion of molybdenum is advantageously comprised between 0 and 8%.
  • the proportion of molybdenum is at least approximately 4%.
  • the proportion of silicon is advantageously comprised between 0 and 2% and preferably between 1 and 3%.
  • the proportion of silicon is at least approximately 1.2%.
  • the proportion of manganese is advantageously comprised between 0 and 3%.
  • the proportion of manganese is at least approximately 0.7%.
  • the metering roll, of the present invention such as defined in the preamble is characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr 3 C 2 ); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), Ni and Co and in that the thickness of this peripheral coating is comprised between 50 and 400 micrometers.
  • chrome carbide Cr 3 C 2
  • NiCr nickel chrome
  • CoCr cobalt chrome
  • WC tungsten carbide
  • the coating is advantageously composed of an iron base with 32% chrome, 8% nickel, 4.6% boron, 0.6% carbon of the total weight.
  • the coating is composed of an iron base with 27% chrome, 16% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 2% carbon, 1.2% silicon, 0.7% manganese of the total weight.
  • the coating may be composed of a WC-Ni base containing at least one of the following additional elements: Mo, Cr, C, and the amount of Ni may be at least approximately 8.5%.
  • the amount of Ni is at least approximately 8.5%
  • the amount of Mo is at least approximately 2.2%
  • the amount of Cr is at least approximately 2.2%
  • the amount of C is at least approximately 5.7%.
  • the coating may be composed of a WC-Fe base containing at least one of the following additional elements: C, Cr, Al, and the amount of Fe may be at least approximately 10.8%.
  • the amount of Fe is at least approximately 10.8%, the amount of C is at least approximately 5.6%, the amount of Cr is at least approximately 3.4% and the amount of Al is at least approximately 1%.
  • the process of the invention may be used for manufacturing new metering rolls, having a central cylindrical metallic core.
  • the coating is provided by thermal spraying including at least one of the following methods: flame spraying, electrical arc spraying, plasma spraying, high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying.
  • flame spraying electrical arc spraying
  • plasma spraying high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying.
  • the plasma spraying provides a coating porosity that is higher than the porosity provided by high speed flame spraying
  • the thickness of the coating is comprised between 50 and 400 micrometers relating to the components that are used and the application planned for the rolls.
  • the resulting corrosion resistance of the coating is higher than 500 hours according the (AASS-test).
  • the hardness of the iron base alloys coating is preferably comprised between 750 and 1000 HV 0.1
  • the hardness of cermets coatings (carbides coatings) is comprised between 800 and 1600 HV 0.1 . It is to be noted that the hardness of the carbides is much higher than that of the base alloys coatings. However the engraving is harder to do.
  • the materials that are used to realize the coatings of the rolls may be included in a first group of iron alloys and in a second group of carbides.
  • the coatings of variant 1 and variant 2 are preferably applied by means of an atmospheric spraying or by means of a high velocity oxy flame spraying.
  • Gas projection apparatus or liquid projection apparatus may be used for applying the said elements.
  • Both groups of materials are particularly resistant to mechanical wear and corrosion so that the combination of structured rolls and the scraper will have a higher resistance and a longer working life as a ceramic surface.
  • the coating surface may be structured directly by a laser beam without any further preparation like masking or etching.

Landscapes

  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention concerns a process for manufacturing a metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, comprising a central cylindrical core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating.
  • The present invention concerns also a metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, comprising a central cylindrical core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating, obtained by this process.
    • Background Art
  • The metering rolls, are widely used to bring a metered quantity of ink to the plate roll with which it is in contact. One type of metering rolls, is provided with a peripheral coating of ceramic that is engraved, mainly by use of a laser beam. Another type of metering rolls, has a metallic surface layer that is engraved either by mechanical tools or by use of a laser beam. The surface layer is more often made of a soft metal like copper or tin and is chrome plated after the engraving.
  • Another prior art method consists in a chemical etching of an image that is illuminated by a laser beam or similar.
  • The United States Patent Nr. 5,514,064 describes a process for making metal inking rolls, particularly for flexographic printing having a roll structure composed of an ammonia hardenable steel, in particular stainless steel.
  • The UK patent application GB 2 089 473 A relates to an ink doctor roller for printing machines, especially a doctor roller comprising a base body of steel provided with a circumferential covering comprising a sprayed outer layer of wear-resistant material in which a low friction material is embedded in islands.
  • The international application WO 91/13762 relates to a screen roller comprising a cylindrical roller body and shaft means with a pattern of recesses present on the external surface of the roller body, in which the pattern of recesses is present in an electroplated metal layer which is of a hardness being greater than the hardness of the metal of the roller body.
  • The technical features which are required for metering rolls, and especially for their superficial coating layer are the following: easiness of the engraving, high resistance to mechanical wear, protection against corrosion due for example to aggressive cleaning products. In particular a ceramic coating is sensitive to corrosive liquids because it is somewhat porous and though it has a great hardness the liquids may penetrate into the coating and reach the lower layers and the central core of the roll. One solution consists in filling up the pores with additional components mixed with the ceramic mixture. When the coating is made of a soft metal, it is necessary to chrome plate the upper layer to harden the surface and increase its resistance.
  • Furthermore the scraper for metering the printing inks is applied with a high compression on the surface of the upper layer of the metering roll. Due to the hard material of the coating and the sharp edges of the structured surface, the scraper is submitted to an intensive wear.
    • Disclosure of Invention
  • The process of the invention offers a new technology permitting to a manufacture metering roll, having an improved resistance to mechanical wear, a better protection to corrosion at lower costs, and remaining easy to engrave.
  • Therefore, the process of the present invention such as defined in the preamble is characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr3C2); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), the peripheral coating being provided by thermal spraying including at least one of the following methods: flame spraying, electrical arc spraying, plasma spraying, high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying.
  • The proportion of chrome is advantageously comprised between 20 and 35%. According to one preferred variant, the proportion of chrome is at least approximately 32%.
  • According to another preferred variant, the proportion of chrome is at least approximately 27%
  • The proportion of nickel is advantageously comprised between 0 and 20%.
  • According to one preferred variant, the proportion of nickel is at least approximately 16%.
  • According to another preferred variant, the proportion of nickel is at least approximately 8%.
  • The proportion of boron is advantageously comprised between 0 and 8%. According to one preferred variant the proportion of boron is at least approximately 4.6%.
  • The proportion of carbon is advantageously comprised between 0 and 3%.
  • According to one preferred variant the proportion of carbon is at least approximately 0.6%.
  • According to another preferred variant, the proportion of carbon is at least approximately 2%.
  • The proportion of molybdenum is advantageously comprised between 0 and 8%.
  • According to one preferred variant, the proportion of molybdenum is at least approximately 4%.
  • The proportion of silicon is advantageously comprised between 0 and 2% and preferably between 1 and 3%.
  • According to one preferred variant, the proportion of silicon is at least approximately 1.2%.
  • The proportion of manganese is advantageously comprised between 0 and 3%.
  • According to one variant, the proportion of manganese is at least approximately 0.7%.
  • The metering roll, of the present invention such as defined in the preamble is characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr3C2); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), Ni and Co and in that the thickness of this peripheral coating is comprised between 50 and 400 micrometers.
  • According to one preferred embodiment of the metering roll, the coating is advantageously composed of an iron base with 32% chrome, 8% nickel, 4.6% boron, 0.6% carbon of the total weight.
  • According to another preferred embodiment of the metering roll, the coating is composed of an iron base with 27% chrome, 16% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 2% carbon, 1.2% silicon, 0.7% manganese of the total weight.
  • According to a first variant, not forming part of the invention, the coating may be composed of a WC-Ni base containing at least one of the following additional elements: Mo, Cr, C, and the amount of Ni may be at least approximately 8.5%.
  • When the amount of Ni is at least approximately 8.5%, the amount of Mo is at least approximately 2.2%, the amount of Cr is at least approximately 2.2% and the amount of C is at least approximately 5.7%.
  • According to a second variant, the coating may be composed of a WC-Fe base containing at least one of the following additional elements: C, Cr, Al, and the amount of Fe may be at least approximately 10.8%.
  • When the amount of Fe is at least approximately 10.8%, the amount of C is at least approximately 5.6%, the amount of Cr is at least approximately 3.4% and the amount of Al is at least approximately 1%.
    • Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
  • The process of the invention may be used for manufacturing new metering rolls, having a central cylindrical metallic core. The coating is provided by thermal spraying including at least one of the following methods: flame spraying, electrical arc spraying, plasma spraying, high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying. After the application of the coating on the surface of the roll, it is first grinded then polished. Afterwards the coating is engraved with a laser beam or by mechanical tools. A further grinding and polishing operation may be necessary for withdrawing remaining protrusions.
  • It is to be noted that the plasma spraying provides a coating porosity that is higher than the porosity provided by high speed flame spraying
  • The thickness of the coating is comprised between 50 and 400 micrometers relating to the components that are used and the application planned for the rolls. The resulting corrosion resistance of the coating is higher than 500 hours according the (AASS-test). The hardness of the iron base alloys coating is preferably comprised between 750 and 1000 HV 0.1, the hardness of cermets coatings (carbides coatings) is comprised between 800 and 1600 HV 0.1. It is to be noted that the hardness of the carbides is much higher than that of the base alloys coatings. However the engraving is harder to do.
  • According to the invention, the materials that are used to realize the coatings of the rolls may be included in a first group of iron alloys and in a second group of carbides.
    • Group I : Cr 20-35%; Ni 0-20%; Mo 0-8%; B 0-8%; C 0-3%; Si 0-2%; Mn 0-3%; other elements < 0,1%.
      • Variant 1: Preferred composition: Fe Base, Cr 32%, Ni 8%, B 4,6%, C 0,6%.
      • Variant 2: Preferred composition: Fe Base, Cr 27%, Ni 16%, C 2%, Si 1,2%, Mn 0,7%.
    • Group II : Carbide materials (Cermets) WC; Cr3C2 in various matrixes with Ni, CoCr and NiCr and Ni or Fe base alloys containing Fe 0-13%; Cr 0-5%; Ni 0-25%; C 0-5%; Mo 0-4%; Al 0-2%; traces < 1%, the rest being WC and/or Cr3C2 or alloys.
      • Variant 3, not forming part of the invention: WC-Ni-Base (Hastelloy-C) Ni 8,5%; Mo 2,2%; C 5,7% and traces of various elements < 1%.
      • Variant 4: WC-Fe base : Fe 10,8%; C 5,6%; Cr 3,4%; Al 1%.
  • The coatings of variant 1 and variant 2 are preferably applied by means of an atmospheric spraying or by means of a high velocity oxy flame spraying. Gas projection apparatus or liquid projection apparatus may be used for applying the said elements.
  • Both groups of materials are particularly resistant to mechanical wear and corrosion so that the combination of structured rolls and the scraper will have a higher resistance and a longer working life as a ceramic surface. The coating surface may be structured directly by a laser beam without any further preparation like masking or etching.

Claims (25)

  1. A process for manufacturing a metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, comprising a central cylindrical core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating, characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr3C2); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), the peripheral coating being provided by thermal spraying including at least one of the following methods: flame spraying, electrical arc spraying, plasma spraying, high velocity oxy flame spraying or cold gas spraying.
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of chrome is comprised between 20 and 35%.
  3. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that the proportion of chrome is at least 32%.
  4. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that the proportion of chrome is at least 27%.
  5. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of nickel is comprised between 0 and 20%.
  6. A process according to claim 5, characterized in that the proportion of nickel is at least 16%.
  7. A process according to claim 5, characterized in that the proportion of nickel is at least 8%.
  8. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of boron is comprised between 0 and 8%.
  9. A process according to claim 8, characterized in that the proportion of boron is at least 4.6%.
  10. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of carbon is comprised between 0 and 3%.
  11. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that the proportion of carbon is at least 0.6%.
  12. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that the proportion of carbon is at least 2%.
  13. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of molybdenum is comprised between 0 and 8%.
  14. A process according to claim 13, characterized in that the proportion of molybdenum is at least 4%.
  15. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of silicon is comprised between 0 and 2% and preferably between 1 and 2%.
  16. A process according to claim 15, characterized in that the proportion of silicon is at least 1.2%.
  17. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of manganese is comprised between 0 and 3%.
  18. A process according to claim 17, characterized in that the proportion of manganese is at least 0.7%.
  19. A metering roll, especially usable in flexographic printing presses, in varnish stations for offset presses and/or in short ink train dry offset presses for example, obtained by the process according to the preceding claims, said metering roll or similar, usually known as Anilox roll or sleeve, comprising a central cylindrical metallic core and at least one layer of a hard material peripheral coating, characterized in that the peripheral coating is made of an iron base containing at least one of the elements of the group consisting of chrome, nickel, boron, carbon, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, cobalt and/or at least one of the components of the group consisting of chrome carbide (Cr3C2); nickel chrome (NiCr); cobalt chrome (CoCr); tungsten carbide (WC), and in that the thickness of the coating is comprised between 50 and 400 micrometers.
  20. A metering roll, according to claim 19, characterized in that the peripheral coating is composed of an iron base with 32% chrome, 8% nickel, 4.6% boron, 0.6% carbon of the total weight.
  21. A metering roll, according to claim 19, characterized in that the peripheral coating is composed of an iron base with 27% chrome, 16% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 2% carbon, 1.2% silicon, 0.7% manganese of the total weight.
  22. A metering roll, according to claim 19, characterized in that the peripheral coating contains at least one of the following additional elements: Mo, Cr, C, Ni.
  23. A metering roll, according to claim 19, characterized in that the peripheral coating is composed of a WC-Fe base containing at least one of the following additional elements: C, Cr, Al.
  24. A metering roll, according to claim 23, characterized in that the amount of Fe is at least 10.8%.
  25. A metering roll, according to claim 23, characterized in that the amount of Fe is at least 10.8%, the amount of C is at least 5.6%, the amount of Cr is at least 3.4% and the amount of Al is at least 1 %.
EP09796288.0A 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Process for manufacturing a metering roll especially usable for printing and metering roll obtained by this process Active EP2512817B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2009/000403 WO2011072404A1 (en) 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Process for manufacturing a metering roll especially usable for printing and metering roll obtained by this process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2512817A1 EP2512817A1 (en) 2012-10-24
EP2512817B1 true EP2512817B1 (en) 2016-08-03

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PL (1) PL2512817T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2011072404A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH708303B1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2019-02-15 Terolab Surface Group Sa Process for coating the cylindrical surface of a screen sleeve for a printing press and screen sleeve prepared according to this method.
US11613796B2 (en) * 2018-01-31 2023-03-28 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cemented carbide and composite cemented carbide roll for rolling
CN108203826A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-26 张文秀 A kind of quick intensifying method of roller roller

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924313A (en) * 1974-05-24 1975-12-09 Standex Int Corp Metal applicator roll
DD154087A1 (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-02-24 Hans Johne ink fountain roller
US5514064A (en) 1987-08-20 1996-05-07 Della Torre; Renato Process and means for making metal inking rolls
NL9000596A (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-10-01 Stork Screens Bv GRID ROLL WITH A PATTERN COATING IN A GALVANIC TOP COAT AND ROLL BODY FOR SUCH A ROLLER.

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PL2512817T3 (en) 2017-09-29
EP2512817A1 (en) 2012-10-24
WO2011072404A1 (en) 2011-06-23

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