EP2511472A1 - Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels - Google Patents
Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2511472A1 EP2511472A1 EP10835511A EP10835511A EP2511472A1 EP 2511472 A1 EP2511472 A1 EP 2511472A1 EP 10835511 A EP10835511 A EP 10835511A EP 10835511 A EP10835511 A EP 10835511A EP 2511472 A1 EP2511472 A1 EP 2511472A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- sacrificial
- tunnels
- main tunnel
- perforations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000406668 Loxodonta cyclotis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Definitions
- the present invention focuses on the creation of one or several tunnels or perforations (called tunnel or sacrificial tunnels) with section circular and small diameter and located concentrically at some distance from the main tunnel or perforation, they can be coated or not, such that they assume stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the earth strata or solid rocks located above the main tunnel or perforation.
- tunnel or sacrificial tunnels with section circular and small diameter and located concentrically at some distance from the main tunnel or perforation, they can be coated or not, such that they assume stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the earth strata or solid rocks located above the main tunnel or perforation.
- the results of numerical models carried out demarcate that it must be located at a distance from the keystone of the main tunnel (2) of between 30% and 50% of the height of the main tunnel or perforation; in the case of considering the need that they are several, they will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane containing the guideline of the main tunnel (2) and the keystone of the same.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention falls within the technical sector of the creation of tunnels and perforations for making linear construction projects, whether road, railroad, mining, communication, and goods transport tunnels, and all those related with perforations for the extraction of gases or combustible (solid or liquid) materials.
- The creation of the different types of tunnels and perforations in civil engineering works is carried out mainly in earth of solid rocks with low bearing capacity or high deformability, where a whole of systems annexed to the main excavation takes place and they serve as support of the earth or solid rock in which the excavation is made.
- As an anchor and support mechanism solid bolts are used normal to the direction of advance of the main tunnel, they can be grouped in structures of bolt umbrella or fiberglass bolts located on the advancing front, achieving the supporting of the structure when reducing stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) that occur during the excavation works, caused by the weight of the earth or solid rock located above the excavation site, assuming these materials part of stress and deformation states of the work.
- Regardless of the constructive procedure considered for the creation (German, Belgian, new Austrian method, tunnel boring machine in different formats), the bolts are very important elements in the above-defined sector, since their correct sizing allows a proper realization of the work, avoiding partial or complete collapses of both the advancing front and the part already excavated. Currently, this whole set of annexed systems needs for its creation both a complex equipment of work and high budget rates.
- The aim would be to reduce stresses and deformations values in the main tunnel, moderating and eliminating in turn the need to use systems annexed to the same and thus decreasing both the time-frame for construction and the budget rates intended for that purpose, allowing an increase in safety during the realization of the works.
- The present invention focuses on the creation of one or several tunnels or perforations (called tunnel or sacrificial tunnels) with section circular and small diameter and located concentrically at some distance from the main tunnel or perforation, they can be coated or not, such that they assume stresses and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the earth strata or solid rocks located above the main tunnel or perforation.
- In the event that the sacrificial tunnel (1) is unique, as shown in
figures 1 and 2 , the sacrificial tunnel (1) is located above the vertical of the keystone of the main tunnel (2), at a distance of between 30% and 50% of the height of the latter, and with a diameter of between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, keeping the axis of the sacrificial tunnel parallel to the axis of the main tunnel. -
Figure 1
Cross section of a tunnel in any section of earth, made with semicircular shape with elephant leg in the support area, being represented only and because of symmetry, the left side of the work. Above the keystone of the main tunnel (2), is located the sacrificial tunnel (1), in order to assume part of the stress and deformational state of the earth above it to the zero height of the same. -
Figure 2
Cross-longitudinal section of the same tunnel shown inFigure 1 , in which can be seen as the sacrificial tunnel (1) is parallel to the main tunnel (2), at a distance defined above the keystone of the latter. - The sacrificial tunnel (1), located in the vertical or in the vicinity of the keystone of the main tunnel or perforation, will be in circular section acting similarly to a sacrificial anode for the protection of corrosive processes, being responsible for taking the stresses and deformations due to the existence of the different earth strata or solid rocks located above the main tunnel or perforation, being deformed under these loads and thus avoiding that they are transmitted to the main section of the tunnel or perforation.
- To do this, and depending on the mechanical and resistance characteristics of the earth or solid rock on which the works are carried out, the sacrificial tunnel (1) must be made prior to the main tunnel or perforation and by suitable mechanical methods during the excavation, being considered the best possible solution to its subsequent coating, in terms of the type of earth or solid rock object of the excavation works.
- Numerical models carried out on different types of earth and rocky materials show that the diameter of the sacrificial tunnel (1) must have a value of between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel (2) (or in the case of perforations, of the diameter of the same), being coated with hollow steel tube, gunite or hollow concrete, hollow glass fiber or geogrid with low transverse stiffness. In the event that the sacrificial tunnel (1) is unique, the results of numerical models carried out demarcate that it must be located at a distance from the keystone of the main tunnel (2) of between 30% and 50% of the height of the main tunnel or perforation; in the case of considering the need that they are several, they will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane containing the guideline of the main tunnel (2) and the keystone of the same.
- The present invention is further illustrated by the following two examples, which are not intended to be limiting of its scope:
- The main tunnel of 6 m in height (with semicircular section and elephant leg in the lower sides) and coating of gunite, is located in an earth of low bearing capacity, the sacrificial tunnel is a concrete circular hollow tube with high transverse stiffness (EI = 2,25.104 KN.m2/m), located on the vertical of the keystone of the main tunnel, 2.50 meters above the keystone and with a radius of 0.25 meters.
- In an area with high deformation capacity, the main tunnel is 6 meters in height (with semicircular section and elephant leg in the lower sides) and coating of gunite. The sacrificial tunnel would be in circular section of steel hollow tube with low transverse stiffness (EI = 1000 KN.m2/m), located on the vertical of the keystone of the main tunnel, 2 meters above the keystone and with a radius of 0.35 meters.
Claims (4)
- Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works to reduce or eliminate the use of supporting systems for earth or solid rock, characterized by the creation of a sacrificial tunnel, with a diameter of between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, and at the vertical of the keystone of the main tunnel at a distance of between 30% and 50% of the height of the main tunnel.
- Method according to the claim 1, where the sacrificial tunnel is coated with hollow steel, gunite or hollow concrete, hollow glass fiber or geogrid.
- Method according to previous claims, where there are several sacrificial tunnels, located in a horizontal plane of symmetrically shape with respect to a vertical plane containing the guideline of the main tunnel and the keystone of the same.
- Use of method according to the claim 3 to reduce the stress state and deformations affecting the main tunnel during its creation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200902300A ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
PCT/ES2010/000499 WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2511472A1 true EP2511472A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
EP2511472A4 EP2511472A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2511472B1 EP2511472B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
Family
ID=44114497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10835511.6A Not-in-force EP2511472B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2511472B1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2361702B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011070188A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE658228A (en) * | 1964-01-18 | 1965-04-30 | ||
DE2320366A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | PROCESS FOR SECURING THE OUTBREAK AND LIMITING MOUNTAIN DEFORMATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN MANNICAL PRODUCTION OF TUBE-SHAPED CAVES |
DE3501128C3 (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-11-12 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Sealing for the execution of underground structures |
JP2955893B2 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1999-10-04 | 大成建設株式会社 | Ground reinforcement method |
JP2648051B2 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1997-08-27 | 株式会社フジタ | Construction method of arch shell in tunnel precedent |
JP2597298B2 (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1997-04-02 | アイサワ工業株式会社 | Preceding method for the ground in front of the tunnel face |
JPH09328999A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Method for excavating large scale underground cavity |
US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
JP2005200992A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Ohbayashi Corp | Construction method for tunnel |
FR2875015B1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2007-01-05 | Bouygues Travaux Publics Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS OF A GROUND CONSECUTIVE TO THE CREATION OF AN EXCAVATION EXTENDED IN THE FIELD |
-
2009
- 2009-12-09 ES ES200902300A patent/ES2361702B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-09 ES ES10835511.6T patent/ES2660009T3/en active Active
- 2010-12-09 EP EP10835511.6A patent/EP2511472B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-09 WO PCT/ES2010/000499 patent/WO2011070188A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011070188A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2361702B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2511472A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
ES2361702A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
ES2660009T3 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
EP2511472B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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