EP2383760B1 - System with valve for an arc chamber, and circuit breaker having the same - Google Patents
System with valve for an arc chamber, and circuit breaker having the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2383760B1 EP2383760B1 EP11354006A EP11354006A EP2383760B1 EP 2383760 B1 EP2383760 B1 EP 2383760B1 EP 11354006 A EP11354006 A EP 11354006A EP 11354006 A EP11354006 A EP 11354006A EP 2383760 B1 EP2383760 B1 EP 2383760B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- lips
- wall
- orthogonal
- rims
- Prior art date
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- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
- H01H2009/343—Venting arrangements for arc chutes with variable venting aperture function of arc chute internal pressure, e.g. resilient flap-valve or check-valve
Definitions
- the invention relates to arc extinguishing chambers of circuit breaker-type protection devices with high breaking performance. More generally, the invention relates to a closure system for cooling and filtering gases from an electric arc, but discharging said gases in a differentiated manner depending on the magnitude of the fault and the pressure thus generated.
- High-voltage low-voltage circuit breakers most often have separable contacts arranged at the entrance of an arc-extinguishing chamber: during the separation of the contacts caused by a trigger following an overcurrent, an electric arc arises between contacts and propagates in the arc extinguishing chamber intended to absorb the energy of the arc while maintaining its voltage.
- the quenching chamber comprises a plurality of separators arranged transversely to the arc and intended to split it; this fractionation makes it possible to increase the voltage of the arc and to cool it by heat exchange with the separators, which are supported by two lateral walls of the chamber arranged facing each other, perpendicular to the separators.
- the chamber is subjected to very high thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses: a current of 200 kA maintained for 4 ms at a voltage of arc of 500 V thus releases an energy of 400 kJ, the plasma column forming the arc can reach a temperature between 3500 and 20000 ° C, and the pressure in the extinguishing chamber can simultaneously reach 1.4 MPa.
- the generated overpressure is transmitted to the circuit breaker box, and various means have been put in place to respond to this constraint.
- circuit breakers have filtration systems for cooling and deionizing the gases from the arc to ensure a secure external environment.
- the filtration system conventionally comprises, as for example described in US 7,176,771 or FR 2 788 372 , quiches and watertight passages to force the gases to circulate there; corollary, sealing means retain the gases inside the housing until the filtration is not performed.
- circuit breakers with extreme performance can see the residual pressure inside their housing become very important: for example, for a circuit breaker displaying a three-phase performance of 200 kA 508 V, a performance of 174 kA 508V single phase is required by ANSI standards, and the pressure generated may be greater than 14 bar.
- the filtration systems hardly withstand beyond 14 bar, in addition to a possible explosion of the housing, breakage or tearing of the seals, which implies an uncontrolled flow of gases and therefore a danger for an operator and a risk boot.
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing arc extinguishing chambers.
- the invention proposes to maintain a gas filtration passage while providing a solution when the internal pressure becomes too great for a molded case circuit breaker.
- the invention relates to a circuit breaker with a housing for at least one separable contact pole in which a breaking chamber can be placed, or any other external wall allowing a closure of said housing: the housing opens out of the housing of the circuit breaker by at least two partitions provided with a flange on which the outer wall or an outer wall of the interrupting chamber can rest.
- the housing has a T-shape whose branches are formed by the flanges.
- the outer closure wall is shaped to rest on the flanges, with an end portion projecting from an intermediate portion; the end portion comprises the closure surface of the housing, preferably a metal grid, and the intermediate portion can enter the housing.
- the cross section between the external closure surface and the surface opposite it, advantageously parallel, is T-shaped, tolerating a clearance with the T of the housing, said clearance preferably being of increasing size between the intermediate portion. and the end portion, so as to allow a non-homogeneous flow of gas into the space thus formed.
- the wall is associated with a valve device at its opposite surface.
- the valve device comprises at least two lips protruding out of the opposite surface at the sides intended to be placed on the edges of the housing.
- the lips are of sufficient size to rest on said flanges and, advantageously, the flapper device is larger in size than the outer surface of the wall, which can be inscribed in the envelope defined by the lips.
- the valve device is monobloc, and comprises a membrane pierced with at least one central passage opening cooperating with the gate, and a periphery whose two opposite sides form the lips while the other two sides serve as a seal. seal.
- the lips are made of insulating material, preferably a polymer, which is resistant to heat and to sudden increases in temperature, especially at temperatures of more than 2000 ° C. or even 3500 ° C. during minus 5 ms, preferably at least 10 ms.
- the lips have a mechanical strength to maintain the valve device substantially flat along the opposite surface and on the edges of the housing despite the cantilever ; the lips are such that no significant deformation is caused by a pressure orthogonal to the opposite surface less than a first threshold, preferably of the order of 3 bars, or even 7 and even 10 bars.
- the mechanical strength is such that, when the outer wall is placed on the edges of the housing and the pressure is exerted from the bottom of the housing, the lip is lifted uniformly, to abut against the part of the housing. protruding end without further deformation of the valve device; advantageously, the cantilever is sufficient so that, in the open position, the lip is always projecting relative to the end portion.
- at least the lips are made of aramid fibers which are very resistant to heat and flame, in particular polyaramide with phenyl groups in meta, in particular Nomex® 410.
- the outer wall may be part of an arc extinguishing chamber, being orthogonal to a set of parallel arc separators and two lateral retaining cheeks at which the valve lips are located.
- the width defined between the lateral cheeks is less than the width of the intermediate portion, so that the space between the housing and the outer wall is successively decreasing and increasing.
- the outer wall may also include a filtration system housed between the outer gate and an inner frame that fits into the housing, the valve device forming a seal between the gate and the frame.
- the invention relates to an outer wall of an arc extinguishing chamber, adapted to rest on two flanges of a switchgear housing housing, comprising a rigid closure grid of the housing whose cut orthogonal to the closure surface of the housing comprises an end portion that can rest on the projecting flanges with respect to an intermediate portion that can be inserted into the space defined by said flanges, and a valve device coupled to the grid at level of intermediate part projecting on at least two sides by lips which can rest on said flanges, wherein said lips of the valve device are made of insulating material, resistant to heat, and a mechanical strength such that the lip is substantially rigid and flat when it is subjected to an orthogonal pressure less than a first threshold pressure, in particular 10 bar, and the lip deforms reversibly when the orthogonal pressure is greater than a second threshold pressure, in particular 10 bar.
- the lips are made of polyaramid that can withstand temperatures above 2000 ° C. for at least 5 ms, especially with separation of amides by meta-phenylene groups.
- the valve device may comprise a unitary screen provided with at least one central passage opening, the two lips being on two opposite edges of the orifice; the orthogonal section of the grid may form a T whose branches are intended to rest on the flanges, and in which the lips of the valve device are of a size such that an orthogonal pressure on said lips closes the space defined by the branches said T by a plane side.
- the invention also relates to a cut-off device comprising a housing provided with at least one substantially parallelepipedic rectangle housing, at least two of the partitions of which open out of the housing with a rim, at least one separable contact pole in said housing, and a wall external device resting on the flanges to close said housing.
- the cut-off apparatus may comprise a housing provided with at least one substantially rectangular parallelepipedic housing, at least two of which partitions open out of the housing with a rim, and an interrupting chamber comprising the preceding external wall inserted in said housing. resting on the ledges.
- a multipolar circuit breaker 10 with high intensities comprises for each pole and conventionally an insulating housing formed by the assembly of a rear base 12, an intermediate frame 14 with open bottoms and a front face 16, which delimit a rear compartment and an anterior compartment on either side of a partition 18 of the intermediate frame 14.
- a control mechanism 20 which acts on a shaft switching 22 common to all the poles of the circuit breaker 10; the rear compartment can be cut into a plurality of elements each housing a pole which comprises a separable contact device 24A, 24B and an arc extinction chamber 26.
- the separable contact device comprises a fixed contact 24A directly supported by a first connection pad (not shown) of the circuit breaker 10 passing through the base 12 of the insulating casing, and a movable contact member 24B, conventionally provided with a plurality of fingers provided with contact pads in parallel and pivotally mounted on a first transverse axis 28 of a support cage 30.
- the heel of each finger is connected to a second connection pad (not shown) passing through the base 12 via a braid 32 of conductive material; the connection areas are intended to be connected to the upstream and downstream network, for example through a busbar.
- the end of the cage 30 located near the second connection pad is equipped with an axis housed in a bearing integral with the insulating casing, so as to allow the cage to pivot.
- a device with contact pressure springs 36 is disposed in a notch of the cage 30 and urges the contact fingers 24B pivoting about the first axis 28.
- the cage 30 is coupled to the switching shaft 22 by a link rod / link assembly 38 so that the rotation of the shaft 22 induces a pivoting of the cage 30 around the axis 34.
- Each contact device 24A, 24B is associated with an arc extinguishing chamber 26 which is inserted into one of the compartments of the circuit breaker 10: this construction, illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , allows the verification of the state of the poles of the circuit breaker and the replacement of the extinction chamber 26 with a reduced number of manipulations.
- the structure of the arc extinguishing chamber, or breaking chamber, 26 is more particularly visible on the figure 3 .
- the chamber 26 comprises a juxtaposition of separators consisting of metal lamellae 40 for deionizing the electric arc.
- the separators 40 are assembled on an insulating support comprising two lateral cheeks 42, the inner face of which is provided with notches cooperating with complementary asperities of the lamellae 40; in the same manner is ensured the positioning of an upper arc horn 44, substantially parallel to the separators 40 and orthogonal to the lateral cheeks 42.
- An outer wall 46 is disposed substantially perpendicularly to the lateral cheeks 42 and to the deionization plates 40 and constitutes a frame for assembly.
- the extinguishing device is completed by a lower arc guide horn 48, fixed to the base 12 and electrically connected to the fixed contact member 24A of the pole, which defines the entrance to the extinguishing chamber 26.
- fixed contact 24A has, in the area directly opposite the front end 50 of the movable contact member 24B, a rim 52 profiled approximately complementary to the profile of the fingers 24B, going up to the protuberance of the lower horn 48 to ensure overall with this one a profile without notorious rupture of slope, so as to eliminate the risk of deterioration of the contact pads 24A, 24B.
- the initial pivoting movement of the cage 30 about its axis 34 causes a pivoting the movable fingers 24B about their axis 28 in the opposite direction, bringing the front portion 50 closer to the contacts before separation of the contact pads; then, the spacing between the contacts 24A, 24B increases more rapidly than the spacing between the lower horn 48 and the moving contact 24B: the arc is initially drawn between the flanges 50, 52 of the contacts and migrates immediately to come s' implant between the protuberance of the horn 48 and the movable front portion 50, avoiding any displacement of the arc towards the contact pads 24A, 24B.
- the arc extends in front of the chamber 26 and penetrates in the usual way; the gases generated by the arc are thus initially directed towards the interrupting chamber 26 to which they impose an overpressure which can reach more than 10 bars (respectively 14 bars) under extreme cut-off conditions for a circuit breaker having shutdown greater than 100 kA effective, respectively of the order of 200 kA, for a nominal voltage greater than 400 V.
- the outer wall 46 forms, in the high-power range circuit breakers, a part of the wall of the casing of the circuit-breaker 10, and thus allows evacuation of the gases from the breaking chamber 26.
- the outer wall 46 is composite structure, with a stack of layers whose outer gate 54 has exhaust ports 56 for discharging the cutoff gases; the outer gate 54 may be composed of the same material as the casing 12, 14 of the circuit breaker 10, but is preferably, in view of pressure constraints, composed of metal, for example steel with a thickness of 4 to 7 mm.
- the external grid 54 is associated with an internal frame 58 which is coupled directly to the side cheeks 42 of the quenching chamber 26, facing the separators 40; the internal frame 58 is made of material adapted for its location, and in particular thermoset polyester.
- the outer gate 54 and the inner frame 58 are secured together, for example by means of screws 60, three in the embodiment shown, to form a housing 62 for receiving the elements for filtering gases; the frame 58 is also provided with through holes 64, advantageously in the form of slots, and which can define an upper surface to the exhaust ports 56.
- a filtration system 66 is put in place in the housing 62; in the usual way, the system 66 comprises a set of filters adapted to a limitation environmental pollution, for example a superposition of several screens including a porous screen comprising one or more superposed metal tissues as described in FR 2,750,531 , perforated diffusers screens insulating (like thermoset laminate), a metal grid, an insulating spacer, ...
- the outer wall 46 and more generally the interrupting chamber 26 are mounted in the housing of the housing so that in "normal" operating conditions of the circuit breaker 10, for example from 2 to 50 kA, the assembly is sealed (at the exclusion of the filtration system 56, 64, 66).
- a threshold which may for example be set at 10 or 12 bars, the flow of gas is directed into the filter means 66 to flow from the slots 64 of the inner frame 58 to the orifices 56 of the outer gate 54 being decontaminated and cooled.
- the operation of the circuit breaker 10 generates exceptional conditions, in which the pressure may exceed the threshold previously fixed. This can occur for example when the circuit breaker 10 must meet a test under the test limits conditions corresponding to the most stringent standards.
- the threshold (10 or 12 bars in the previous case) of optimal operation is exceeded, for example during a cut in extreme performance, such as beyond 100 kA effective, an additional opening is created of in order to allow a faster evacuation of the gases out of the filtration system 66.
- the additional opening is created only temporarily, during the very short period of time when the pressure is maximum; in addition, this opening is adapted to maintain the gases discharged to an acceptable temperature, and to direct their flow in a controlled manner to avoid any possibility of priming on the frame of the device connected to the earth.
- the invention takes advantage of the design of the circuit breaker 10, and in particular of the installation (see figure 2 ) of the interrupting chamber 26 in a housing adapted to the housing.
- a residual clearance 68 exists between the assembly formed by the breaking chamber 26 and the partitions defining the housing: the space 68 at the level of the lateral cheeks 42 is used to form an alternative passage for the gases of exhaust.
- a valve device 70 adapted to open reversibly when the pressure exceeds the threshold, is set to close the gap 68.
- At least two of the partitions of the housing of the interrupting chamber 26 comprise, as is customary, a flange 72 on which at least a portion of the outer wall 46 of the cutting chamber 26 comes to rest. thus comprises an end portion 74 resting on the flanges 72, an intermediate portion 76 inscribed in the intermediate portion 74 and in the surface defined by the flange 72, and an end portion usually delimited by the side flanges 42 and separators 40
- the size of the passage 68 at the side cheeks 42 is adapted for cooling, with creation of a Venturi effect.
- the valve device 70 is placed in the intermediate portion 76 of the outer wall 46; it is in particular directly adjacent to the external grid 54 metal so as to abut with the end portion 74 during its opening and thus to limit the passage of gases through the passage 68.
- the mechanical strength of the device forming valve 70 is adapted to seal at a pressure below the threshold.
- the edge 80 of the valve device 70 closing the passage 68 and abutting against the end portion 74 of the gate 54 is intended to form the additional opening.
- the edge 80 is of spring-like lip type, that is to say that the Venturi effect generates an oscillation of the lip 80 during the flow of gases.
- the edge 80 is cantilevered on the flange 72 over a length greater than the end portion 74; the end portion 74 of the outer wall 46 forms, in section orthogonal to its surface, an L 82 within the grid 54, and in the deformed position of the valve device 70, the lip 80 remains substantially flat, protruding from the L
- the angle of closure of the triangle 82 formed by the branches of the L, or angle of deflection of the lip 80 of the valve device 70 is of the order of 30 °.
- the valve device 70 is, at least for its lips 80, made of insulating material, of high mechanical strength but having a certain resilient flexibility, with a tensile strength of 500 to 900 N / cm (for a thickness of 0.8 mm), adapted to withstand the pressure (up to 14 bars) while remaining stable up to a first threshold (10 bars), at the temperature and at a sudden and temporary increase in said temperature (4000 ° C in 10 ms).
- a gray fiber type calendered insulation paper of very good mechanical strength, dielectric and thermal or an amide polymer whose thickness is adapted to a spring effect, can be used.
- the valve device 70 is in one piece and comprises a substantially rectangular screen corresponding to the outer surface of the grid 54 by passing through the two lips 80; the screen 70 is provided with at least one orifice 84 of central passage.
- the orifice 84 Around the periphery of the orifice 84, two of the edges form the lips 80 intended to seal or open the passage 68, and the two other edges serve as a seal between the grid 54 and the frame 58 of the outer wall 46, with the orifices for the screws 60 in the illustrated mode.
- the passage opening 84 may correspond to a central hole substantially of the same size as the filtration system 66, but it is advantageous to provide reinforcements 86, in particular one or more strips passing through the membrane 70 from one end to the other between the edges for define a plurality of orifices.
- the screen 70 is provided with two orifices 84 separated by a tongue 86 of width substantially equal to the periphery; it is made of suitable aramid thickness of the order of 0.8 mm, for example a polyamide comprising metaphenylenic groups, such as Nomex®, in particular Nomex® 410.
- the valve device 70 when the pressure is below a reference threshold, set according to the range and the intended use of the circuit breaker 10, in particular 12 bars, the valve device 70 remains closed: the gas passes through the filtration system 66 and the passage 68 between the housing and the chamber 26 is sealed by the lip 80 of the insulating screen 70. During the short time when the pressure exceeds the threshold, the valve device 70 abuts against the gate 54 and the lip 80 opens at flange 82; an additional passage allows the gas to flow in parallel with the main filter system 66 as long as the pressure is sufficient to keep open this passage 68.
- the flow of gas leaving through this additional opening is however not direct and remains controlled in flow rate and temperature: the controlled limitation in the displacement of the screen 70 managed by the stop against a grid 54 made of steel, the movement causing a Venturi effect imposed on the gases by the baffling as well as by the local narrowing of the upstream section in the passage 68, and the oscillation of the lip 80 of the valve 70 are sufficient to maintain the overall temperature below an acceptable level, estimated between 1500 ° C and 3000 ° C, to prevent ignition on the frame of the circuit breaker 10. A Once the pressure has fallen below the threshold value, the valve device 70 closes so as to limit the flow of unfiltered gas as much as possible.
- the casing is adapted for normal operating interruptions, in particular 10 or 12 bar for a circuit breaker of 100 kA, for which it stays tight.
- the device allows rapid evacuation of gases so as to avoid explosion, without increasing the thickness of the walls of the housing and / or modify their material; in addition, due to the additional opening provided, it is possible to overcome the introduction of robustness reinforcement means and sealing.
- cutoff chambers 26 of the circuit breakers 10 are conventionally inserted into internal housings of the housing ( figure 2 ), and it is possible to modify the chambers 26, or even only their outer wall 46, to provide a circuit breaker 10 in place the benefits from the device 70 according to the invention.
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- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne les chambres d'extinction d'arc des appareils de protection de type disjoncteurs à haute performance de coupure. Plus généralement, l'invention est relative à un système de fermeture permettant le refroidissement et la filtration des gaz issus d'un arc électrique, mais évacuant lesdits gaz de façon différenciée selon l'importance du défaut et de la surpression ainsi engendrée.The invention relates to arc extinguishing chambers of circuit breaker-type protection devices with high breaking performance. More generally, the invention relates to a closure system for cooling and filtering gases from an electric arc, but discharging said gases in a differentiated manner depending on the magnitude of the fault and the pressure thus generated.
Les disjoncteurs basse tension de fort calibre comportent le plus souvent des contacts séparables disposés à l'entrée d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc : lors de la séparation des contacts provoquée par un déclencheur suite à une surintensité, un arc électrique naît entre les contacts et se propage dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc destinée à absorber l'énergie de l'arc en maintenant sa tension. La chambre d'extinction comporte une pluralité de séparateurs disposés transversalement à l'arc et destinés à le fractionner ; ce fractionnement permet d'augmenter la tension de l'arc et de le refroidir par échange thermique avec les séparateurs, qui sont supportés par deux parois latérales de la chambre disposées en regard l'une de l'autre, perpendiculairement aux séparateurs.High-voltage low-voltage circuit breakers most often have separable contacts arranged at the entrance of an arc-extinguishing chamber: during the separation of the contacts caused by a trigger following an overcurrent, an electric arc arises between contacts and propagates in the arc extinguishing chamber intended to absorb the energy of the arc while maintaining its voltage. The quenching chamber comprises a plurality of separators arranged transversely to the arc and intended to split it; this fractionation makes it possible to increase the voltage of the arc and to cool it by heat exchange with the separators, which are supported by two lateral walls of the chamber arranged facing each other, perpendicular to the separators.
La chambre est soumise à des contraintes thermiques, mécaniques et électriques très élevées : un courant de 200 kA maintenu pendant 4 ms à une tension d'arc de 500 V dégage ainsi une énergie de 400 kJ, la colonne de plasma formant l'arc peut atteindre une température située entre 3500 et 20000 °C, et la pression dans la chambre d'extinction peut simultanément atteindre 1,4 MPa. La surpression engendrée est transmise au boîtier du disjoncteur, et différents moyens ont été mis en place pour répondre à cette contrainte.The chamber is subjected to very high thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses: a current of 200 kA maintained for 4 ms at a voltage of arc of 500 V thus releases an energy of 400 kJ, the plasma column forming the arc can reach a temperature between 3500 and 20000 ° C, and the pressure in the extinguishing chamber can simultaneously reach 1.4 MPa. The generated overpressure is transmitted to the circuit breaker box, and various means have been put in place to respond to this constraint.
Une solution consiste à prévoir des clapets permettant l'échappement des gaz, tel que décrit par exemple dans
Pour éviter ce problème, certains disjoncteurs présentent des systèmes de filtration permettant de refroidir et déioniser les gaz issus de l'arc de façon à garantir un environnement externe sécurisé. Le système de filtration comprend classiquement, tel que par exemple décrit dans
Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à pallier des inconvénients des chambres d'extinction d'arc existantes. En particulier, l'invention se propose de maintenir un passage de filtration des gaz tout en prévoyant une solution lorsque la pression interne devient trop importante pour un boîtier moulé de disjoncteur.Among other advantages, the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing arc extinguishing chambers. In particular, the invention proposes to maintain a gas filtration passage while providing a solution when the internal pressure becomes too great for a molded case circuit breaker.
En particulier, l'invention se rapporte à un disjoncteur avec un logement pour au moins un pôle de contacts séparables dans lequel peut être mise en place une chambre de coupure, ou toute autre paroi externe permettant une fermeture dudit logement : le logement débouche du boîtier du disjoncteur par au moins deux cloisons munies d'un rebord sur lequel la paroi externe ou une paroi externe de la chambre de coupure peut reposer. De préférence, en coupe orthogonale, le logement présente une forme de T dont les branches sont formées par les rebords.In particular, the invention relates to a circuit breaker with a housing for at least one separable contact pole in which a breaking chamber can be placed, or any other external wall allowing a closure of said housing: the housing opens out of the housing of the circuit breaker by at least two partitions provided with a flange on which the outer wall or an outer wall of the interrupting chamber can rest. Preferably, in orthogonal section, the housing has a T-shape whose branches are formed by the flanges.
La paroi externe de fermeture, également objet selon l'invention, est de forme adaptée pour reposer sur les rebords, avec une partie d'extrémité en saillie par rapport à une partie intermédiaire ; la partie d'extrémité comprend la surface de fermeture du logement, avantageusement une grille métallique, et la partie intermédiaire peut pénétrer dans le logement. De préférence, la section transversale entre la surface externe de fermeture et la surface qui lui est opposée, avantageusement parallèle, est en forme de T, tolérant un jeu avec le T du logement, ledit jeu étant de préférence de taille croissante entre la partie intermédiaire et la partie d'extrémité, de façon à permettre un écoulement non homogène de gaz dans l'espace ainsi formé.The outer closure wall, also object according to the invention, is shaped to rest on the flanges, with an end portion projecting from an intermediate portion; the end portion comprises the closure surface of the housing, preferably a metal grid, and the intermediate portion can enter the housing. Preferably, the cross section between the external closure surface and the surface opposite it, advantageously parallel, is T-shaped, tolerating a clearance with the T of the housing, said clearance preferably being of increasing size between the intermediate portion. and the end portion, so as to allow a non-homogeneous flow of gas into the space thus formed.
Pour permettre une étanchéité différenciée entre la paroi externe et le logement, la paroi est associée à un dispositif à clapet au niveau de sa surface opposée. Le dispositif à clapet comprend au moins deux lèvres faisant saillie hors de la surface opposée au niveau des côtés destinés à se placer sur les rebords du logement. Les lèvres sont de taille suffisante pour reposer sur lesdits rebords et, avantageusement, le dispositif à clapet est de taille supérieure à la surface externe de la paroi, qui peut être inscrite dans l'enveloppe définie par les lèvres. Avantageusement, le dispositif à clapet est monobloc, et comprend une membrane percée d'au moins un orifice central de passage coopérant avec la grille, et un pourtour dont deux côtés opposés forment les lèvres alors que les deux autres côtés font office de joint d'étanchéité.To allow differentiated sealing between the outer wall and the housing, the wall is associated with a valve device at its opposite surface. The valve device comprises at least two lips protruding out of the opposite surface at the sides intended to be placed on the edges of the housing. The lips are of sufficient size to rest on said flanges and, advantageously, the flapper device is larger in size than the outer surface of the wall, which can be inscribed in the envelope defined by the lips. Advantageously, the valve device is monobloc, and comprises a membrane pierced with at least one central passage opening cooperating with the gate, and a periphery whose two opposite sides form the lips while the other two sides serve as a seal. seal.
Les lèvres, ou plus généralement le dispositif à clapet, sont en matériau isolant, de préférence un polymère, résistant à la chaleur et aux augmentations brusques de températures, notamment à des températures de plus de 2000°C, voire 3500°C pendant au moins 5 ms, de préférence au moins 10 ms. Pour assurer l'étanchéité en conditions normales entre la paroi externe et le logement, les lèvres ont une tenue mécanique permettant de maintenir le dispositif à clapet sensiblement plan le long de la surface opposée et sur les rebords du logement malgré le porte-à-faux ; les lèvres sont telles qu'aucune déformation sensible n'est occasionnée par une pression orthogonale à la surface opposée inférieure à un premier seuil, avantageusement de l'ordre de 3 bars, voire 7 et même 10 bars. Lorsque la pression normale aux lèvres dépasse un deuxième seuil, par exemple de 10 ou 12 bars, une déformation réversible se produit. De préférence, la tenue mécanique est telle que, lorsque la paroi externe est placée sur les rebords du logement et que la pression est exercée depuis le fond du logement, la lèvre est soulevée de façon uniforme, pour venir en butée contre la partie d'extrémité saillante sans autre déformation du dispositif à clapet ; avantageusement, le porte-à-faux est suffisant pour que, dans la position ouverte, la lèvre soit toujours saillante par rapport à la partie d'extrémité. De préférence, les lèvres au moins sont en fibres d'aramide très résistantes à la chaleur et aux flammes, en particulier en polyaramide avec groupes phényl en méta, notamment en Nomex® 410.The lips, or more generally the valve device, are made of insulating material, preferably a polymer, which is resistant to heat and to sudden increases in temperature, especially at temperatures of more than 2000 ° C. or even 3500 ° C. during minus 5 ms, preferably at least 10 ms. To ensure tightness in normal conditions between the outer wall and the housing, the lips have a mechanical strength to maintain the valve device substantially flat along the opposite surface and on the edges of the housing despite the cantilever ; the lips are such that no significant deformation is caused by a pressure orthogonal to the opposite surface less than a first threshold, preferably of the order of 3 bars, or even 7 and even 10 bars. When the normal pressure at the lips exceeds a second threshold, for example 10 or 12 bars, a reversible deformation occurs. Preferably, the mechanical strength is such that, when the outer wall is placed on the edges of the housing and the pressure is exerted from the bottom of the housing, the lip is lifted uniformly, to abut against the part of the housing. protruding end without further deformation of the valve device; advantageously, the cantilever is sufficient so that, in the open position, the lip is always projecting relative to the end portion. Preferably, at least the lips are made of aramid fibers which are very resistant to heat and flame, in particular polyaramide with phenyl groups in meta, in particular Nomex® 410.
La paroi externe peut faire partie d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc, étant orthogonale à un ensemble de séparateurs d'arc parallèles et à deux joues latérales de maintien au niveau desquelles se trouvent les lèvres formant clapet. Avantageusement, la largeur définie entre les joues latérales est inférieure à la largeur de la partie intermédiaire, de sorte que l'espace entre le logement et la paroi externe soit successivement décroissant et croissant. La paroi externe peut également comprendre un système de filtration logé entre la grille externe et un châssis interne qui s'insère dans le logement, le dispositif à clapet formant un joint étanche entre la grille et le châssis.The outer wall may be part of an arc extinguishing chamber, being orthogonal to a set of parallel arc separators and two lateral retaining cheeks at which the valve lips are located. Advantageously, the width defined between the lateral cheeks is less than the width of the intermediate portion, so that the space between the housing and the outer wall is successively decreasing and increasing. The outer wall may also include a filtration system housed between the outer gate and an inner frame that fits into the housing, the valve device forming a seal between the gate and the frame.
En résumé, l'invention concerne une paroi externe d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc, adaptée pour reposer sur deux rebords d'un logement de boîtier d'appareil de coupure, comprenant une grille rigide de fermeture du logement dont la coupe orthogonale à la surface de fermeture du logement comprend une partie d'extrémité pouvant reposer sur les rebords en saillie par rapport à une partie intermédiaire pouvant s'insérer dans l'espace défini par lesdits rebords, et un dispositif formant clapet couplé sur la grille au niveau de la partie intermédiaire en en faisant saillie sur au moins deux côtés par des lèvres pouvant reposer sur lesdits rebords, dans lequel lesdites lèvres du dispositif faisant clapet sont réalisées en matériau isolant, résistant à la chaleur, et d'une tenue mécanique telle que la lèvre est sensiblement rigide et plane lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression orthogonale inférieure à une première pression seuil, notamment 10 bars, et la lèvre se déforme de façon réversible lorsque la pression orthogonale est supérieure à une deuxième pression seuil, notamment 10 bars. En particulier, les lèvres sont en polyaramide supportant des températures supérieures à 2000°C pendant au moins 5 ms, notamment avec séparation des amides par des groupes métaphénylène. Le dispositif formant clapet peut comprendre un écran unitaire muni d'au moins un orifice de passage central, les deux lèvres étant sur deux bords opposés de l'orifice ; la coupe orthogonale de la grille peut former un T dont les branches sont destinées à reposer sur les rebords, et dans laquelle les lèvres du dispositif formant clapet sont de taille telle qu'une pression orthogonale sur lesdites lèvres ferme l'espace défini par les branches dudit T par un côté plan.In summary, the invention relates to an outer wall of an arc extinguishing chamber, adapted to rest on two flanges of a switchgear housing housing, comprising a rigid closure grid of the housing whose cut orthogonal to the closure surface of the housing comprises an end portion that can rest on the projecting flanges with respect to an intermediate portion that can be inserted into the space defined by said flanges, and a valve device coupled to the grid at level of intermediate part projecting on at least two sides by lips which can rest on said flanges, wherein said lips of the valve device are made of insulating material, resistant to heat, and a mechanical strength such that the lip is substantially rigid and flat when it is subjected to an orthogonal pressure less than a first threshold pressure, in particular 10 bar, and the lip deforms reversibly when the orthogonal pressure is greater than a second threshold pressure, in particular 10 bar. In particular, the lips are made of polyaramid that can withstand temperatures above 2000 ° C. for at least 5 ms, especially with separation of amides by meta-phenylene groups. The valve device may comprise a unitary screen provided with at least one central passage opening, the two lips being on two opposite edges of the orifice; the orthogonal section of the grid may form a T whose branches are intended to rest on the flanges, and in which the lips of the valve device are of a size such that an orthogonal pressure on said lips closes the space defined by the branches said T by a plane side.
L'invention concerne également un appareil de coupure comprenant un boîtier muni d'au moins un logement sensiblement parallélépipédique rectangle, dont deux des cloisons au moins débouchent du boîtier avec un rebord, au moins un pôle de contacts séparables dans ledit logement, et une paroi externe précédente reposant sur les rebords pour fermer ledit logement. Alternativement, l'appareil de coupure peut comprendre un boîtier muni d'au moins un logement sensiblement parallélépipédique rectangle, dont deux des cloisons au moins débouchent du boîtier avec un rebord, et une chambre de coupure comprenant la paroi externe précédente insérée dans ledit logement en reposant sur les rebords.The invention also relates to a cut-off device comprising a housing provided with at least one substantially parallelepipedic rectangle housing, at least two of the partitions of which open out of the housing with a rim, at least one separable contact pole in said housing, and a wall external device resting on the flanges to close said housing. Alternatively, the cut-off apparatus may comprise a housing provided with at least one substantially rectangular parallelepipedic housing, at least two of which partitions open out of the housing with a rim, and an interrupting chamber comprising the preceding external wall inserted in said housing. resting on the ledges.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.
- La
figure 1 montre un appareil de coupure de sécurité à tenue électrodynamique élevée dans lequel peut être mis en place un système selon l'invention. - La
figure 2 illustre le montage d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc dans un pôle de coupure. - La
figure 3 représente une chambre de coupure et un dispositif à clapet selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. - Les
figures 4A et 4B représentent un système de selon l'invention, dans le cas où la pression est inférieure au seuil et dans le cas où elle est supérieure.
- The
figure 1 shows a safety cutoff device with high electrodynamic resistance in which can be implemented a system according to the invention. - The
figure 2 illustrates the mounting of an arc extinction chamber in a breaking pole. - The
figure 3 represents a breaking chamber and a valve device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. - The
Figures 4A and 4B represent a system according to the invention, in the case where the pressure is below the threshold and in the case where it is higher.
En référence à la
Le dispositif de contacts séparables comporte un contact fixe 24A directement supporté par une première plage de raccordement (non illustrée) du disjoncteur 10 traversant le socle 12 du boîtier isolant, et un organe de contact mobile 24B, classiquement doté d'une pluralité de doigts munis de pastilles de contact en parallèle et montés à pivotement sur un premier axe transversal 28 d'une cage de support 30. Le talon de chaque doigt est connecté à une deuxième plage de raccordement (non illustrée) traversant le socle 12 par l'intermédiaire d'une tresse 32 en matériau conducteur ; lés plages de raccordement sont destinées à être raccordées au réseau amont et aval, par exemple à travers un jeu de barres. L'extrémité de la cage 30 située à proximité de la deuxième plage de raccordement est équipée d'un axe logé dans un palier solidaire du boîtier isolant, de façon à autoriser le pivotement de la cage 30 entre une position ouverte et une position fermée du pôle (des contacts 24A, 24B) autour d'un axe géométrique 34. Un dispositif à ressorts de pression de contact 36 est disposé dans une encoche de la cage 30 et sollicite les doigts de contact 24B en pivotement autour du premier axe 28. La cage 30 est accouplée à l'arbre de commutation 22 par un ensemble biellette de transmission / tringle 38 de telle sorte que la rotation de l'arbre 22 induise un pivotement de la cage 30 autour de l'axe 34.The separable contact device comprises a fixed
Chaque dispositif de contacts 24A, 24B est associé à une chambre d'extinction d'arc 26 qui vient s'insérer dans l'un des compartiments du disjoncteur 10 : cette construction, illustrée en
La structure de la chambre d'extinction d'arc, ou chambre de coupure, 26 est plus particulièrement visible sur la
Le dispositif d'extinction est complété par une corne de guidage d'arc inférieure 48, fixée au socle 12 et connectée électriquement à l'organe de contact fixe 24A du pôle, qui délimite l'entrée de la chambre d'extinction 26. Le contact fixe 24A a, dans la zone directement en regard de l'extrémité frontale 50 de l'organe de contact mobile 24B, un rebord 52 profilé approximativement complémentaire du profil des doigts 24B, remontant vers la protubérance de la corne inférieure 48 pour assurer globalement avec celle-ci un profil sans rupture notoire de pente, de sorte à éliminer les risques de détérioration des pastilles de contact 24A, 24B. En effet, lors de l'ouverture des organes de contact, le mouvement initial de pivotement de la cage 30 autour de son axe 34 provoque un pivotement des doigts mobiles 24B autour de leur axe 28 dans le sens contraire, rapprochant la partie frontale 50 des contacts avant séparation des pastilles de contact ; ensuite, l'écartement entre les contacts 24A, 24B croît plus rapidement que l'écartement entre la corne inférieure 48 et le contact mobile 24B : l'arc est tiré initialement entre les rebords 50, 52 des contacts et migre immédiatement pour venir s'implanter entre la protubérance de la corne 48 et la partie frontale 50 mobile, en évitant tout déplacement de l'arc vers les pastilles de contact 24A, 24B. Lorsque l'ouverture se poursuit, l'arc s'étend devant la chambre 26 et y pénètre de la manière habituelle ; les gaz générés par l'arc sont ainsi dans un premier temps dirigés vers la chambre de coupure 26 à laquelle ils imposent une surpression qui peut atteindre plus de 10 bars (respectivement 14 bars) en conditions de coupure extrêmes pour un disjoncteur ayant des performances de coupure supérieures à 100 kA efficace, respectivement de l'ordre de 200 kA, pour une tension nominale supérieure à 400 V.The extinguishing device is completed by a lower
La paroi externe 46 forme, dans les disjoncteurs de gamme de forte puissance, une partie de la paroi du boîtier du disjoncteur 10, et permet donc une évacuation des gaz de la chambre de coupure 26. A cette fin, la paroi externe 46 est de structure composite, avec un empilement de couches dont la grille externe 54 comporte des orifices d'échappement 56 pour l'évacuation des gaz de coupure ; la grille externe 54 peut être composée du même matériau que le boîtier 12, 14 du disjoncteur 10, mais est de préférence, au vu des contraintes de pression, composée de métal, par exemple de l'acier d'épaisseur 4 à 7 mm. La grille externe 54 est associée à un châssis interne 58 qui est couplé directement aux joues latérales 42 de la chambre d'extinction 26, face aux séparateurs 40 ; le châssis interne 58 est en matériau adapté pour sa localisation, et notamment en polyester thermodur. La grille externe 54 et le châssis interne 58 sont solidarisés entre eux, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de vis 60, trois dans le mode de réalisation présenté, pour former un logement 62 destiné à recevoir les éléments assurant la filtration des gaz ; le châssis 58 est lui aussi muni d'orifices de passage 64, avantageusement sous forme de fentes, et pouvant définir une surface supérieure aux orifices d'échappement 56.The
Tel qu'il est connu, un système de filtration 66 est mis en place dans le logement 62 ; de façon usuelle, le système 66 comprend un ensemble de filtres adaptés à une limitation optimale de la pollution du milieu externe, par exemple une superposition de plusieurs écrans dont un écran poreux comportant un ou plusieurs tissus métalliques superposés tel que décrit dans
La paroi externe 46 et plus généralement la chambre de coupure 26 sont montées dans le logement du boîtier de façon telle qu'en conditions « normales » de fonctionnement du disjoncteur 10, par exemple de 2 à 50 kA, l'ensemble est étanche (à l'exclusion du système de filtration 56, 64, 66). En particulier, lorsque la pression interne générée par les gaz de coupure est inférieure à un seuil, qui peut par exemple être fixé à 10 ou 12 bars, le flux de gaz est dirigé dans les moyens formant filtre 66 pour s'écouler depuis les fentes 64 du châssis interne 58 vers les orifices 56 de la grille externe 54 en étant décontaminés et refroidis.The
Dans certains cas, le fonctionnement du disjoncteur 10 génère des conditions exceptionnelles, dans lesquelles la pression peut dépasser le seuil précédemment fixé. Ceci peut par exemple survenir lorsque le disjoncteur 10 doit répondre à un test dans les conditions limites d'essais correspondant aux normes les plus sévères. Selon l'invention, lorsque le seuil (10 ou 12 bars dans le cas précédent) de fonctionnement optimal est dépassé, par exemple lors d'une coupure en performances extrêmes, comme au-delà de 100 kA efficaces, une ouverture additionnelle est créée de façon à permettre une évacuation plus rapide des gaz hors du système de filtration 66. L'ouverture additionnelle n'est créée que de façon temporaire, pendant le laps de temps très court où la pression est maximale ; de plus, cette ouverture est adaptée pour maintenir les gaz évacués à une température acceptable, et pour diriger leur écoulement de façon maîtrisée afin d'éviter toute possibilité d'amorçage sur le bâti de l'appareil relié à la terre.In some cases, the operation of the
A cette fin, l'invention tire parti de la conception du disjoncteur 10, et notamment de la mise en place (voir
Selon l'invention, même lorsque le passage des gaz par l'espace 68 supplémentaire est possible, les gaz sont refroidis suffisamment pour éviter tout risque d'amorçage. A cette fin, une combinaison de quatre facteurs est de préférence mise en oeuvre :
le passage 68 est adapté pour un effet Venturi ;- le jet de gaz passe par un chicanage ;
- le dispositif formant clapet 70 est limité en déplacement ;
- le dispositif formant clapet 70 est « instable » en position ouverte.
- the
passage 68 is adapted for a Venturi effect; - the jet of gas goes through a quibble;
- the
valve device 70 is limited in displacement; - the
valve device 70 is "unstable" in the open position.
En particulier, deux des cloisons au moins du logement de la chambre de coupure 26 comprennent, tel qu'usuel, un rebord 72 sur lequel vient se poser une partie au moins de la paroi externe 46 de la chambre de coupure 26. La paroi 46 comprend ainsi une partie d'extrémité 74 reposant sur les rebords 72, une partie intermédiaire 76 inscrite dans la partie intermédiaire 74 et dans la surface définie par le rebord 72, et une partie d'extrémité usuellement délimitée par les joues latérales 42 et séparateurs 40. La dimension du passage 68 au niveau des joues latérales 42 est adaptée pour le refroidissement, avec création d'un effet Venturi. En particulier, en coupe orthogonale aux joues latérales 42, la distance entre la cloison du logement et la chambre de coupure 26 est de l'ordre de d1 = 2,5 mm au niveau de la partie d'extrémité 78, puis se réduit de 50 % au moins au niveau de la partie intermédiaire 76 pour atteindre d2 = 1 mm, puis croît de nouveau au niveau de la partie d'extrémité 74 ; avantageusement, l'espace 68 croît continûment le long de la partie d'extrémité 74, avec 2 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 3 mm.In particular, at least two of the partitions of the housing of the interrupting
Le dispositif formant clapet 70 est mis en place dans la partie intermédiaire 76 de la paroi externe 46 ; il est en particulier directement adjacent à la grille externe 54 métallique de façon à entrer en butée avec la partie d'extrémité 74 lors de son ouverture et donc à limiter le passage des gaz par le passage 68. Parallèlement, la tenue mécanique du dispositif formant clapet 70 est adaptée pour assurer l'étanchéité à pression inférieure au seuil.The
Le bord 80 du dispositif formant clapet 70 fermant le passage 68 et venant en butée contre la partie d'extrémité 74 de la grille 54 est destiné à former l'ouverture supplémentaire. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le bord 80 est de type lèvre faisant ressort, c'est-à-dire que l'effet Venturi génère une oscillation de la lèvre 80 lors de l'écoulement des gaz. Pour faciliter ce mouvement, le bord 80 est en porte-à-faux sur le rebord 72 sur une longueur supérieure à la partie d'extrémité 74 ; la partie d'extrémité 74 de la paroi externe 46 forme, en coupe orthogonale à sa surface, un L 82 au sein de la grille 54, et en position déformée du dispositif formant clapet 70, la lèvre 80 reste sensiblement plane en dépassant du L. De préférence, l'angle de fermeture du triangle 82 formé par les branches du L, ou angle de déflexion de la lèvre 80 du dispositif formant clapet 70, est de l'ordre de 30°.The
Pour obtenir les critères souhaités, le dispositif formant clapet 70 est, au moins pour ses lèvres 80, réalisé en matériau isolant, de forte tenue mécanique mais possédant une certaine souplesse résiliente, avec une caractéristique de résistance à la traction de 500 à 900 N/cm (pour une épaisseur de 0,8 mm), adapté pour résister à la pression (jusque 14 bars) en restant stable jusqu'à un premier seuil (10 bars), à la température et à un accroissement brutal et temporaire de ladite température (4000°C en 10 ms). En particulier, une fibre grise de type papier d'isolation calandré de très bonnes tenues mécanique, diélectrique et thermique ou un polymère d'amide, dont l'épaisseur est adaptée à un effet ressort, peuvent être employés.To obtain the desired criteria, the
Avantageusement, le dispositif formant clapet 70 est monobloc et comprend un écran sensiblement rectangulaire correspondant à la surface externe de la grille 54 en en dépassant par les deux lèvres 80 ; l'écran 70 est muni d'au moins un orifice 84 de passage central. Sur le pourtour de l'orifice 84, deux des bords forment les lèvres 80 destinées à sceller ou ouvrir le passage 68, et les deux autres bords servent de joint entre la grille 54 et le châssis 58 de la paroi externe 46, avec les orifices pour les vis 60 dans le mode illustré. L'orifice de passage 84 peut correspondre à un trou central sensiblement de même taille que le système de filtration 66, mais il est avantageux de prévoir des renforts 86, notamment une ou plusieurs bandes traversant la membrane 70 de part en part entre les bords pour définir une pluralité d'orifices. Dans le mode de réalisation préféré illustré, l'écran 70 est muni de deux orifices 84 séparés par une languette 86 de largeur sensiblement égale au pourtour ; il est réalisé en aramide adapté d'épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,8 mm, par exemple un polyamide comprenant des groupes métaphénylènes, comme le Nomex®, en particulier le Nomex® 410.Advantageously, the
Ainsi, lorsque la pression est inférieure à un seuil de référence, fixé selon la gamme et l'utilisation prévue du disjoncteur 10, notamment 12 bars, le dispositif formant clapet 70 reste fermé : le gaz passe à travers le système de filtration 66 et le passage 68 entre le boîtier et la chambre 26 est scellé par la lèvre 80 de l'écran isolant 70. Pendant le court laps de temps où la pression dépasse le seuil, le dispositif formant clapet 70 vient en butée contre la grille 54 et la lèvre 80 s'ouvre au niveau du rebord 82 ; un passage additionnel permet au gaz de s'écouler, en parallèle du système filtrant 66 principal tant que la pression est suffisante pour maintenir ouvert ce passage 68. Le flux de gaz sortant par cette ouverture supplémentaire n'est cependant pas direct et reste maîtrisé en débit et température : la limitation contrôlée dans le déplacement de l'écran 70 gérée par la butée contre une grille 54 en acier, le mouvement provoquant un effet Venturi imposé aux gaz par le chicanage ainsi que par le rétrécissement local de la section amont dans le passage 68, et l'oscillation de la lèvre 80 du clapet 70 suffisent à maintenir la température globale au dessous d'un niveau acceptable, estimé entre 1500°C et 3000°C, pour éviter tout amorçage sur le bâti du disjoncteur 10. Une fois la pression redescendue sous la valeur seuil, le dispositif formant clapet 70 se referme de façon à limiter au maximum l'écoulement de gaz non filtré.Thus, when the pressure is below a reference threshold, set according to the range and the intended use of the
La solution selon l'invention permet ainsi d'éviter un surcoût important de robustesse de l'enveloppe du disjoncteur 10 : le boîtier est adapté pour des coupures normales de fonctionnement, notamment 10 ou 12 bars pour un disjoncteur de 100 kA, pour lesquelles il reste étanche. Lors des évènements qui entraînent un dépassement de ces seuils, le dispositif permet une évacuation rapide des gaz de façon à éviter l'explosion, sans augmenter l'épaisseur des parois du boîtier et/ou modifier leur matériau ; en outre, du fait de l'ouverture additionnelle prévue, il est possible de s'affranchir de la mise en place de moyens de renforcement de la robustesse et de l'étanchéité. Par ailleurs, la solution selon l'invention peut s'adapter facilement sur les disjoncteurs 10 déjà en fonctionnement : les chambres de coupure 26 des disjoncteurs 10 sont classiquement insérées dans des logements internes du boîtier (
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à un disjoncteur multipolaire 10 de gamme de performances de coupure comprise entre 100 kA à 200 kA pour une tension nominale supérieure à 400 V et de calibre nominal de 1000 à 6300 A, avec une pression de coupure théorique de 12 bars, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres éléments peuvent être concernés par l'invention. En particulier, les appareils de coupure dont les performances sont moindres peuvent tirer pleinement profit de la solution selon l'invention, et le nombre de pôles des disjoncteurs concernés est indifférent. Il est en outre possible d'utiliser le dispositif formant clapet 70 selon l'invention pour des appareils dont les chambres de coupure 26 sont entièrement mises en place dans des boîtiers, leur paroi externe 46 débouchant sur une paroi en plastique moulé vers une ouverture d'évacuation, ou pour des disjoncteurs 10 ne comportant pas de système de filtration 66.Although the invention has been described with reference to a
Claims (10)
- Outer wall (46) of an arc-extinguishing chamber (26) suitable for resting on two rims (72) of a housing for a breaking apparatus casing (10), said outer wall (46) comprising a rigid grid (54) for closing the housing, the cut of said grid (54) orthogonal to the closure surface of the housing comprising an end portion (74) that can rest on the rims (72) that protrude relative to an intermediate portion (76) which can be inserted into the space defined by the said rims (72), characterized in that it comprises a device forming a valve (70) coupled to the grid (54) at the intermediate portion (76) while protruding on at least two sides by lips (80) that can rest on the said rims (72), in which said lips (80) of the device forming a valve (70) are made of an insulating material that is heat-resistant and having a mechanical strength such that a lip (80) is substantially rigid and flat when it is subjected to an orthogonal pressure below a first threshold pressure and said lip (80) deforms in a reversible manner when the orthogonal pressure is above a second threshold pressure.
- Outer wall according to Claim 1, in which the second threshold pressure is of the order of 10 bar and the first threshold pressure is below 10 bar.
- Outer wall according to one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the device forming a valve (70) comprises a unitary screen equipped with at least one central through-orifice (84), the two lips (80) being on two opposite edges of the orifice (84).
- Outer wall according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the orthogonal cut of the grid (54) forms a T the branches of which are designed to rest on the rims (72), and in which the lips (80) of the device forming a valve (70) are of a size such that an orthogonal pressure on said lips (80) closes the space defined by the branches of said T (82) by a flat side.
- Outer wall according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the lips (80) are made of polyaramide withstanding temperatures of more than 2000°C for at least 5 ms.
- Outer wall according to Claim 5, in which the lips (80) are made of polyamide of which the amides are separated by metaphenylene groups.
- Outer wall according to one of Claims 1 to 6, further comprising an inner frame (58) and a filtration system (66) housed between the inner frame (58) and the outer grid (54), the valve device (70) forming a tight seal between said frame (58) and said grid (54).
- Arc-extinguishing chamber (26) comprising a set of parallel arc separators (40), two side flanges (42) for holding the separators (40), and an outer wall (46) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 that is orthogonal to the side flanges (42) and to the separators (40), the lips (80) of the valve device (70) being located along the side flanges (42).
- Breaking apparatus (10) comprising a casing equipped with at least one substantially rectangular parallelepipedal housing, of which two of the partitions at least protrude from the casing with a rim (72), at least one pole of separable contacts in said housing, and an outer wall (46) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 resting on the rims (72) in order to close said housing.
- Breaking apparatus (10) comprising a casing equipped with at least one substantially rectangular parallelepipedal housing, of which two of the partitions at least protrude from the casing with a rim (72), and a cut-off chamber (26) according to Claim 8 inserted into said housing and resting on the rims (72).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1001790A FR2959348A1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | CHECK VALVE SYSTEM FOR BREAK CHAMBER, AND CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING SAME |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2383760A1 EP2383760A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2383760B1 true EP2383760B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
Family
ID=43086321
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11354006A Active EP2383760B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-03-21 | System with valve for an arc chamber, and circuit breaker having the same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9064648B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2383760B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE557408T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2737011C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2959348A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102629536A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-08 | 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂) | Arc extinguish chamber of circuit breaker |
EP2973903B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-10-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Electrical assembly comprising an arc resistant pressure damper panel |
DE102013108154A1 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-05 | Abb Technology Ag | breakers |
KR101522268B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-21 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Circuit braker |
US9478951B2 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-10-25 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Method for treating internal arcs |
WO2019201446A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | Abb S.P.A. | Arc chamber for a low-voltage switching device |
EP3660876B1 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2022-05-11 | ABB Schweiz AG | Splitter plate, arc extinguishing chamber and switching device |
US10957504B1 (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-03-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Arc chute for circuit protective devices |
KR102349756B1 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-01-11 | 엘에스일렉트릭(주) | Arc extinguishing assembly and circuit breaker having thereof |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2839641A (en) * | 1954-09-30 | 1958-06-17 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Arc shield for circuit breaker arc quencher |
US3582966A (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1971-06-01 | Ite Imperial Corp | Venting means for circuit breaker arc quencher |
US4075446A (en) * | 1976-07-15 | 1978-02-21 | Heinemann Electric Company | Circuit breaker arc venting screen |
US4631376A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-12-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Molded case circuit breaker with an improved arc gas external venting system |
FR2583571B1 (en) | 1985-06-12 | 1994-02-18 | Merlin Et Gerin | LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH IMPROVED CUT. |
DE9406404U1 (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1994-06-23 | Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn | Electrical switching device with blow-out channels for arc gases |
US5753878A (en) | 1996-04-23 | 1998-05-19 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker having variable arc gas venting |
FR2750531B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 1998-08-07 | Schneider Electric Sa | GAS DEIONIZATION DEVICE IN PARTICULAR CUTTING GASES IN AN ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER OF A LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH MOLDED BOX AND ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH THIS DEVICE |
FR2788372B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2001-02-23 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER WHOSE SIDE WALLS ARE IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND CUTTING APPARATUS INCLUDING SUCH A CHAMBER |
US6222147B1 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-04-24 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker arc exhaust baffle with variable aperture |
DE10033936A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-17 | Siemens Ag | Low-voltage circuit breakers with an arc quenching chamber and with a switching gas damper |
US7176771B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2007-02-13 | Square D Company | Circuit breaker filter assembly |
US6703576B1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-03-09 | Eaton Corporation | Arc chute with valve and electric power switch incorporating same |
-
2010
- 2010-04-27 FR FR1001790A patent/FR2959348A1/en active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-03-21 EP EP11354006A patent/EP2383760B1/en active Active
- 2011-03-21 AT AT11354006T patent/ATE557408T1/en active
- 2011-04-04 CA CA2737011A patent/CA2737011C/en active Active
- 2011-04-27 US US13/064,938 patent/US9064648B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2959348A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 |
EP2383760A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US20110259852A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
CA2737011A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US9064648B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
CA2737011C (en) | 2016-12-06 |
ATE557408T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
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