Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
  • H04L27/01—Equalisers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
  • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
  • H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
  • H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/25—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
  • H03M13/255—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with Low Density Parity Check [LDPC] codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/27—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
  • H03M13/2703—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques the interleaver involving at least two directions
  • H03M13/2707—Simple row-column interleaver, i.e. pure block interleaving
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/29—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
  • H03M13/2906—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes using block codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
  • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
  • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
  • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
  • H04L1/0625—Transmitter arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
  • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
  • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
  • H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
  • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
  • H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
  • H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
  • H03M13/1148—Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix
  • H03M13/116—Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes, i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices
  • H03M13/1165—QC-LDPC codes as defined for the digital video broadcasting [DVB] specifications, e.g. DVB-Satellite [DVB-S2]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
  • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
  • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
  • H03M13/13—Linear codes
  • H03M13/15—Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0669—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different channel coding between antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0671—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different delays between antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
  • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
  • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
  • H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
  • H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
  • H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
  • H04B7/0894—Space-time diversity using different delays between antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
  • H04L1/0059—Convolutional codes
  • H04L1/006—Trellis-coded modulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
  • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
  • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation

Definitions

• FIG. 12 is a view showing a detailed example of FIG. 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 70 is a view showing a structure of a TPS including the preamble period information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 71 is a view showing a relationship between a pilot symbol interval and a single frequency network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 72 is a view showing a structure of a pilot symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 73 is a schematic block diagram showing another example of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 74 is a schematic block diagram showing another example of an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGs. 75 and 76 are views showing suggested frame structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 117 is a view showing an example of estimating a channel using two symbols according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 118 is a view showing an example of estimating a channel using four symbols according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 119 is a view showing an example of estimating a channel using eight symbols according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 120 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 121 is a schematic block diagram showing a pilot index generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 122 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the transmitting/receiving system may use a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) method.
• MIMO multi-input multi-output
• An encoding matrix is designed by comparing an output symbol with an input symbol such that a pairwise error probability (PEP) that the two symbols are different from each other is minimized. If the encoding matrix is designed such that the PEP is minimized, a diversity gain and a coding gain obtained via the linear pre-coding are maximized. In addition, if a minimum Euclidean distance of the linearly pre-coded symbol is maximized by the encoding matrix, it is possible to minimize an error probability when the receiving apparatus uses a maximum likelihood (ML) decoder.
• PEP pairwise error probability
• the linear pre-coder 150 and the third interleaver 160 process the data to be transmitted so as to become the frequency-selective fading of the channel.
• the signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 1 is only exemplary, and a necessary component may be further included or an unnecessary component may not be used, according to the transmitting system.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic block showing the interleaver and a forward error correction
• FIGs. 18 to 21 are schematic views showing optimal constellations having points selected by the above-described process, according to the embodiments of the present invention. That is, FIGs. 18 to 21 are schematic views showing the positions of optimal constellations having 16 points, 64 points, 256 points and 256 points, respectively.
• FIG. 25 is a schematic view showing a process of demapping a received symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 25 shows four hexagonal decision boundary regions in all the decision boundaries.
• FIG. 26 is a view showing all the decision boundaries of a 64-point optimal constell ation mapping method.
• FIG. 26 shows a deciding process of the decision unit which decides whether input symbol data is positioned in the constellation edge region, that is, the edge region of which one side is opened, by the decision units of FIGs. 23 and 24.
• the input bit data is stored in a memory space having a matrix shape in a predetermined pattern and the data is read and output in a pattern different from the storage pattern.
• a virtual interleaver function can be obtained.
• FIG. 34 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for transmitting a signal using multi-encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 34 shows an example of applying a multi-encoding method to the signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 1.
• the outer encoder 3000 and the inner encoder 3010 encode respective input signals and output the encoded signals such that an error generated in transmitted data is detected and corrected by a receiving apparatus.
• the outer encoder 3000 encodes the input data in order to improve transmission performance of the input signal.
• the types of the encoders vary according to the coding methods used in the signal transmission system.
• FIG. 40 is a schematic block diagram showing another example of an apparatus for receiving a multi-encoded and multi-mapped signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the signal receiving apparatus includes a receiver 3600, a synchronizer 3610, a demodulator 3620, a frame parser 3630, a first deinterleaver 3640, an equalizer 3650, a linear pre-coding decoder 3660, a multi-demapper 3670, a channel estimator 3680, a second deinterleaver 3690, a multi-decoder 3692 and an outer decoder 3694.
• the frame builder 3460 may insert the symbol data having the small constellation size into the overall the pilot insertion position of the frame so as to build the frame.
• the frame builder 3460 may insert the symbol data having the small constellation size into a portion of the pilot insertion position of the frame and insert the pilot into the remaining portion of the frame, thereby building the frame.
• any one of the above-described methods may be selected and implemented.
• H (k) denotes a CTF estimated using the pilot.
• the transmission frame of FIG. 47 includes a pilot symbol interval including pilot carrier information and a data symbol interval including data information and tracking pilot information.
• FIG. 47 shows an embodiment in which a pilot signal is inserted into (or mapped to) the data symbol interval of the transmission frame of FIG. 7.
• the rate of the 256QAM method is 80% and the rate of the 64QAM method is 20%, that is, the multi-mapping method of Hyb256-64_r8, will be described.
• the number of symbols corresponding to one LDPC block is 8640 if the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the number of symbols corresponding to one LDPC block is 2160 if the length of the LDPC codeword is 16200.
• the numbers of symbols of the remaining examples are shown in FIG. 51.
• the types and the number of mapping methods of FIG. 53 are exemplary.
• the case where the rate of the 256QAM method is 80% and the rate of the 16QAM method is 20%, that is, the multi- mapping method of Hyb256-16_r8, may be used.
• a hybrid of two types of mapping methods may be used as shown in FIG. 53 and a hybrid of at least two types of mapping methods may be used.
• the symbol data and the CP information are included in the data symbol interval.
• the CP information is inserted into 68 subcarriers.
• FIG. 76 shows an example in which 68 subcarriers are inserted to the odd carrier positions.
• the positions of the CP information are exemplary.
• the CP information may be inserted into the even carrier positions instead of the odd carrier positions or may be inserted regardless of the even or odd carrier positions.
• a first synchronizer 7910 may use an offset result of the frequency domain of the data output from a demodulator 7920 and a second synchronizer 7930, for acquiring the synchronization of the frequency domain signal.
• the second synchronizer 7930 parses the frame output from the demodulator 7920, extracts the CP information, and tracks the channel. That is, the second synchronizer 7930 outputs frequency offset correction information of the received signal to the first synchronizer 7910 using the CP information included in the data symbol interval of the frame.
• the first synchronizer 7910 can accurately perform the synchronization using the frequency offset correction information output from the second synchronizer 7930.
• the scrambled pilot has a value bfxl if W is 0 and k has a value bfx-1 if W is 1.
• the selective output unit 8010 of FIG. 82 outputs the value 1 if the value 0 is received and outputs the value -1 if the value 1 is received.
• the operation unit 8020 may descramble the pilot scrambled according to the PRBS of the transmitting apparatus and output the descrambled value. In FIG. 89, the descrambled value becomes bpf- CTF [521]
• the symbol data parsed by the frame parser 7940 is output to the first deinterleaver 7960.
• the first deinterleaver 7960 deinterleaves the symbol data by the method corresponding to the interleaving method of the second interleaver 7850 of FIG. 87 and restores the sequence of the symbol data.
• FIG. 91 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for transmitting a signal using scramble according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the signal transmitting apparatus includes an energy scrambler 8200, an outer encoder 8210, an inner encoder 8220, a first interleaver 8230, a multi-mapper 8240, a second interleaver 8250, a frame builder 8260, a modulator 8270, a D/A converter 8280 and a transmitter 8290.
• a method of mapping the data to the symbols according to the respective mapping methods in the bit data units or the block units may be used.
• the input bit data may be mapped in a state of being sequentially divided by the number of pieces of bit data necessary for the respective mapping methods or may be mapped according to the respective mapping methods in a state of being divided in the block units.
• FIG. 94 the bit data input to the block distributor 8241 is divided into five blocks SubBlocks 0 to 4. In B n of the lower side of FIG. 94, the divided blocks are distributed to the symbol mappers.
• the first symbol mapper 8242 and the second symbol mapper 8243 map the bit data of the block units distributed by the block distributor 8241 to the symbols according to the respective symbol mapping methods.
• the first symbol demapper 8872 and the second symbol demapper 8873 demap the symbol data, which is deinterleaved and distributed, to the bit data according to the respective demapping methods.
• the first symbol demapper 8872 and the second symbol demapper 8873 correspond to the first symbol mapper 8242 and the second symbol mapper 8243 of FIG. 92, respectively.
• FIG. 109 shows power enhancement according to the consecutive pilot structure of the DVB-T system, that is, the number of consecutive pilots included in the FFT modes and the power enhancements of the FFT modes in the case that a power boosting factor of 16/9 is used.
• the FFT mode is the 2k mode
• 68 consecutive pilots are included in one OFDM symbol in the embodiment of the present invention.
• the power enhancement of 1.793 dB can be obtained.

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• Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
• Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
• Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-09-03 EP EP08793657.1A patent/EP2191625A4/de not_active Withdrawn
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