EP2027366B1 - Fiber-reinforced plastic drilling anchor - Google Patents

Fiber-reinforced plastic drilling anchor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2027366B1
EP2027366B1 EP07725617A EP07725617A EP2027366B1 EP 2027366 B1 EP2027366 B1 EP 2027366B1 EP 07725617 A EP07725617 A EP 07725617A EP 07725617 A EP07725617 A EP 07725617A EP 2027366 B1 EP2027366 B1 EP 2027366B1
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Prior art keywords
drilling anchor
drilling
fibres
longitudinal direction
fibre layer
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EP07725617A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2027366A1 (en
Inventor
Kenichi Tsukamoto
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FiRep Rebar Tech GmbH
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FiRep Rebar Tech GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling anchor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such drilling anchors are made of fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein fibers extending both in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor and fibers running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor are embedded in a plastic matrix.
  • the drilling anchors are provided with a central channel which is formed by an axial bore extending over the entire length of the drilling anchor.
  • Drilling anchors are also well known as so-called "self-drilling" anchors (SB anchors). They are mainly used in mining or tunneling to secure components such as ceilings or walls. In particular, they are used when rock, mountains or rocks are brittle and the anchor well is so unstable that it collapses during drilling or after pulling the conventional drill string and a conventional anchor can not be set.
  • the drilling anchors combine the function of the drill string, which conventionally in connection with a percussion or rotary drilling machine drilling holes, with the function of the subsequently inserted into the drilled holes anchor, so that the extraction of the drill string and the breaking of the borehole wall can be avoided can.
  • the drilling anchors are provided at the front with a drill bit and connected at the back with a drill or drilling device.
  • Fiber-reinforced plastics are fiber composites in which the plastics are combined with fibers made of a different material in order to obtain positive synergy effects and improved in the desired direction, in particular mechanically improved properties of the plastic.
  • a plurality of parallel oriented fibers which may for example have a diameter of 10 to 30 microns, is thus surrounded by a matrix of plastic resin.
  • the fibers give the composite its high strength in the longitudinal direction, while the resin matrix serves to fix the fibers in their position while protecting them from harmful influences.
  • a multi-layered cable anchor in which a rope made of textile yarn is surrounded by a support braid and may contain an inner soul.
  • an outer protective sheath made of plastic is additionally provided.
  • such a cable anchor can not be used as a drilling anchor for the applications mentioned above, since apart from a missing external thread neither a transmission of high torques nor an effective transmission of impact energy of the hammer to a drill bit mounted on the anchor bit is possible. Rather, it is designed as a flexible anchor with its rope-like construction for tumbling as endless material, which can be introduced only in already completed holes.
  • a rock anchor made of plastic which consists of synthetic materials, which are arranged in superimposed layers.
  • the anchor can also be designed as a hollow anchor for injecting.
  • this rock anchor is also not suitable for drilling due to its lack of rigidity, since it is designed as a yielding system to withstand movements in sedimentary rocks and convergences, which is comparable to increased ductility in steel.
  • the rock anchor also has no external profiling or no external thread, so that it can not be used as a drilling anchor for this reason.
  • fiber reinforced plastic drilling anchors of the type mentioned above are from WO 96/21087 known as the closest prior art. They each have a limited axial extent at the two end regions thread. These drilling anchors include both helically wound fibers and longitudinal fibers.
  • a disadvantage of these known drilling anchors is only a limited composite effect in pressed concrete or other surrounding media or surrounding rock.
  • the loads occurring during drilling can lead to damage to the drilling anchors despite the two-layer fiber structure.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved drilling anchor of the type mentioned above made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which can better absorb the complex occurring stresses and resulting forces in drilling operation.
  • a multi-functional to be used anchor drill is provided, which has sufficient hydraulic strength for flushing with drilling water and the subsequent high-pressure injection at very high pressures and at the same time can compensate for the introduced into the anchor complex tensions and burdens in pre-destroyed rock.
  • a first fiber layer with fibers extending obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor is surrounded by a second fiber layer with fibers running in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor, such that the second fiber layer extends from at least one third fiber layer with an angle to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor Fibers is surrounded, and that the drilling anchor has a over its entire length extending thread, which is formed in at least one outer fiber layer of the drilling anchor.
  • the main advantage lies in the fact that a much more versatile Bohranker to be used is created, which ensures a permanently greater safety at a much higher load capacity.
  • the complex stresses and resulting forces occurring during the drilling process in particular drag forces from axial compression and torsion z. B. by Friction and cutting force are absorbed much better.
  • much higher hydraulic pressures when flushing with drilling water, but especially during subsequent high-pressure injecting z. B. with 2-K systems and pressures over 300 bar without damage to the drilling anchor are included and at the same time the complex introduced from tensile, shear and shear stresses and strains of the anchor in the rock can be compensated.
  • the drilling anchor according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to handle with low weight with a simple design. In addition, an optimal corrosion protection is guaranteed even in long-term applications.
  • the third fiber layer is surrounded by at least one fourth fiber layer. It is particularly advantageous if the third fiber layer is surrounded by at least one fourth fiber layer. As a result, an even better strength and an optimized training of the drilling anchor can be achieved.
  • the first and / or third fiber layer comprises fibers which are wound helically at an angle between 30 ° and 60 °, in particular between 40 ° and 50 °, preferably at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor are.
  • first and / or third fiber layers each comprise a first group of fibers which are wound at an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor in a first gradient orientation and also a second group of fibers , which are wound at an angle between 30 ° and 60 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor in the opposite slope orientation.
  • the two groups of fibers can be introduced either separately in succession or mixed together.
  • the fibers of individual fiber layers are embedded in plastics which are different from the plastic of the adjacent fiber layers.
  • the fibers of individual fiber layers may consist of a material which is different from the material of the adjacent fiber layers.
  • the first and / or third fiber layer comprises fibers running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor and embedded in vinyl ester resin.
  • the embedding of the inner channel limiting fibers in vinyl ester resin advantageously serves to increase the chemical resistance of the drilling anchor.
  • the second fiber layer with fibers extending in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor is preferably embedded in epoxy resin. They thus allow optimum transfer of tensile and compressive forces even with a pulse-like impact load.
  • the fibers of the first and / or second fiber layer are glass fibers.
  • the fibers of the third fiber layer are preferably carbon fibers.
  • the fourth fiber layer comprises glass fibers, which are preferably embedded in epoxy resin.
  • the thread can be formed without a fiber gate. In this way, a high-strength thread is achieved without cutting and thus without destroying the fibers, which produces an optimal composite effect to its environment at its length according to the invention.
  • the drilling anchor based on the volume, has a fiber content of at least 80% and a plastic resin content of at most 20%. In this way optimal strength values are achieved with regard to all occurring loads.
  • the thread of the drilling anchor is provided with a hardened protective coating.
  • the protective coating may consist of topcoating, in particular of a cured gel, and serve not only a mechanical protection, but also a UV protection and, in particular, an acid protection of the thread.
  • the present invention further relates to a method of making a drilling anchor of the type described above. Thereafter, the drilling anchor is pultruded in multiple layers with separate layers, thereby enabling cost effective and easy fabrication in spite of the improved properties of the drilling anchor.
  • the drilling anchor 1 shown in the figures consists of fiber-reinforced plastic, which is constructed in multiple layers.
  • the drilling anchor 1 has a continuous over its entire length axial bore 2 and also over its entire length continuous external thread 3 with a wavy contour.
  • the fibers or the groups of fibers are not only arranged in a parallel unidirectional manner but in particular wound in the uppermost layer opposite the thread rotation and drilling direction or embedded in the resin matrix.
  • two groups of glass fibers are embedded in a first fiber layer 4 with simultaneously high mechanical and chemical resistance in vinyl resin to increase the hydraulic stability. These two groups of the first fiber layer 4 are each wound at an angle of 45 ° to the axial alignment of the drilling anchor 1 in opposite directions.
  • a second fiber layer 5 of glass fibers is embedded in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor 1 in epoxy resin. It serves to accommodate high mechanical axial tensile and compressive forces.
  • carbon fibers are opposite to the rotation and drilling direction of the external thread 3 embedded in vinyl ester resin. They take over the special reaction forces from the drilling work. At the same time they provide permanent protection for the glass fibers in the core against external chemical effects due to the receiving vinyl ester resin.
  • the high-strength thread 3 is formed without destroying the continuous glass fibers.
  • the drilling anchor 1 is injected after drilling through various adapter systems.
  • cement mortar that is not critical because no high injection pressures and hardly reaction pressures occur, not mixed on or in the drilling anchor 1 high energy and pressure must be maintained and the borehole itself must not be kept consuming closed.
  • good sealing adapters with upstream valves, integrated mixer, nozzle and check valve must be used.
  • the anchor tube 1 itself must also be generally hydraulically loadable up to about 250 bar working pressure or nominal pressure (350 bar bursting pressure). This load capacity is achieved by the inventive design of the drilling anchor 1.
  • a self-drilling FRP anchor 1 for right-handed rotatory drilling has a limited torsional resistance, in contrast to steel pipes due to the anisotropy of the fiber composite.
  • the drilling anchor according to the invention is optimized with regard to resin quality and fiber quality as well as fiber orientation and process.
  • both one or more unidirectional fiber courses 5 and one or more helically wound fiber courses 4, 6 are combined with the same and / or different directions and also the same or different gradients independently of one another in any desired combination ,
  • the fibers may have an opposite grain, so that left-handed screw for left-handed drilling then a right-handed wound fiber in the edge layer 7 is present and vice versa the plastic tube 1 for right-handed drilling a right-handed screw with has left-handed fiber profile in the edge layer 7.
  • the geometry of the fferprofilleiter each left- or right-handed thread-compatible with various standard accessories from the left-rotary impact drilling area or from the right-rotary drilling area can be screwed.
  • the continuous screw 3 also in mortars and concrete with optimized related ribbed surface excellent composite properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fiber-reinforced plastic drilling anchor comprising an axial bore that runs along the entire length thereof, fibers which extend in the longitudinal direction thereof, and fibers that extend at an angle to the longitudinal direction thereof. A first layer of fibers that extend at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor is surrounded by a second layer of fibers extending in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor, and the second layer of fibers is surrounded by a third layer of fibers extending at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor. The inventive drilling anchor further comprises a thread which extends along the entire length thereof and is molded into at least one outer fiber layer of the drilling anchor. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a drilling anchor.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Bohranker nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Derartige Bohranker bestehen aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, wobei sowohl in Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufende Fasern als auch schräg zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufende Fasern in eine Kunststoffmatrix eingebettet sind. Um die Bohranker auch als Injektionsbohranker einsetzen zu können sind sie mit einem zentralen Kanal versehen, der durch eine sich über die gesamte Länge des Bohrankers durchgehende axiale Bohrung gebildet ist.The present invention relates to a drilling anchor according to the preamble of claim 1. Such drilling anchors are made of fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein fibers extending both in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor and fibers running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor are embedded in a plastic matrix. In order to be able to use the drilling anchors as injection drilling anchors, they are provided with a central channel which is formed by an axial bore extending over the entire length of the drilling anchor.

Bohranker sind auch als sogenannte "selbstbohrende" Anker (SB-Anker) allgemein bekannt. Sie werden vor allem im Bergbau oder beim Tunnelbau zur Sicherung von Bauelementen wie beispielsweise Decken oder Wänden eingesetzt. Insbesondere verwendet man sie dann, wenn Fels, Gebirge oder Gestein brüchig und das Ankerbohrloch so instabil ist, dass es schon während des Bohrens oder nach dem Ziehen des herkömmlichen Bohrgestänges kollabiert und ein konventioneller Anker nicht gesetzt werden kann. Die Bohranker vereinen dabei die Funktion des Bohrgestänges, welches herkömmlicherweise in Verbindung mit einer Schlag- oder Drehbohrmaschine dem Bohren von Löchern dient, mit der Funktion des anschließend in die gebohrten Löcher eingesetzten Ankers, so dass das Herausziehen des Bohrgestänges und das Einbrechen der Bohrlochwand vermieden werden kann. Die Bohranker werden dabei vorne mit einer Bohrkrone versehen und hinten mit einer Bohrmaschine bzw. Bohr-Vorrichtung verbunden. Nach dem Bohren wird durch den inneren Kanal des Bohrankers Injektionsmaterial in das gebohrte Loch eingepresst und auf das vorstehende Rohrende wird eine Spannmutter aufgeschraubt, welche eine Druckplatte gegen die Bohrlochwand presst. Der Bohranker bleibt dabei als verlorener Bohranker in dem Bohrloch.Drilling anchors are also well known as so-called "self-drilling" anchors (SB anchors). They are mainly used in mining or tunneling to secure components such as ceilings or walls. In particular, they are used when rock, mountains or rocks are brittle and the anchor well is so unstable that it collapses during drilling or after pulling the conventional drill string and a conventional anchor can not be set. The drilling anchors combine the function of the drill string, which conventionally in connection with a percussion or rotary drilling machine drilling holes, with the function of the subsequently inserted into the drilled holes anchor, so that the extraction of the drill string and the breaking of the borehole wall can be avoided can. The drilling anchors are provided at the front with a drill bit and connected at the back with a drill or drilling device. After drilling, injection material is drilled through the inner channel of the drill anchor Pressed hole and on the protruding pipe end a clamping nut is screwed, which presses a pressure plate against the borehole wall. The drill anchor remains as a lost anchor drill in the hole.

Derartige Bohranker waren zunächst nur aus Stahlrohr bekannt. Bei temporären Anwendungen oder wenn ein erhöhter Korrosionsschutz erforderlich ist, kommen jedoch anstelle von Stahlrohren auch Kunststoffsysteme zum Einsatz, die international auch als "FRP-System" bezeichnet werden (FRP= Fiber Reinforced Plastic). So sind auch Bohranker der eingangs genannten Art aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff vorgeschlagen worden. Sie sind nicht nur resistent gegen Korrosion, sondern bei geringerem Gewicht auch leichter handhabbar und vergleichsweise preiswert, so dass die korrosionsbedingten Probleme mit geringem Kostenaufwand dauerhaft und wirkungsvoll bekämpft werden können. Außerdem können derartige faserverstärkte Kunststoff-Bohranker beim späteren Abbau einer befestigten Wand auch problemlos zerspant werden.Such drilling anchors were initially known only from steel pipe. For temporary applications or when increased corrosion protection is required, however, instead of steel pipes and plastic systems are used, which are also internationally referred to as "FRP system" (FRP = Fiber Reinforced Plastic). So drilling anchors of the type mentioned in fiber-reinforced plastic have been proposed. They are not only resistant to corrosion, but also lighter in weight and easier to handle and relatively inexpensive, so that the corrosion-related problems can be combated permanently and effectively with low cost. In addition, such fiber reinforced plastic drilling anchors can be easily machined in the later dismantling of a fixed wall.

Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe stellen Faserverbundwerkstoffe dar, bei denen die Kunststoffe mit aus einem anderen Material bestehenden Fasern kombiniert werden, um positive Synergieeffekte und in der gewünschten Richtung verbesserte, insbesondere mechanisch verbesserte Eigenschaften des Kunststoffs zu erhalten. Als Fasern können beispielsweise Glasfasern, Aramidfasern, Kohlenstofffasern (= Carbonfasern), Siliciumcarbidfasern oder Borfasern eingesetzt werden, die vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung eines Stabprofils mit sogenannter unidirektionaler Faserorientierung in den Kunststoff eingebettet werden. Eine Vielzahl von parallel zueinander orientierten Fasern, die beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von 10 bis 30 µm haben können, wird so von einer Matrix aus Kunststoffharz umgeben. Dabei verleihen die Fasern dem Verbundwerkstoff seine hohe Festigkeit in Längsrichtung, während die Harzmatrix dazu dient, die Fasern in ihrer Lage zu fixieren und sie gleichzeitig vor schädlichen Einflüssen zu schützen.Fiber-reinforced plastics are fiber composites in which the plastics are combined with fibers made of a different material in order to obtain positive synergy effects and improved in the desired direction, in particular mechanically improved properties of the plastic. As fibers, for example glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers (= carbon fibers), silicon carbide fibers or boron fibers can be used, which are preferably embedded in the longitudinal direction of a bar profile with so-called unidirectional fiber orientation in the plastic. A plurality of parallel oriented fibers, which may for example have a diameter of 10 to 30 microns, is thus surrounded by a matrix of plastic resin. The fibers give the composite its high strength in the longitudinal direction, while the resin matrix serves to fix the fibers in their position while protecting them from harmful influences.

Aus der DE 40 18 703 C1 ist ein mehrlagig aufgebauter Seilanker bekannt, bei dem ein aus Textilgarn hergestelltes Seil von einem Stützgeflecht umgeben ist und eine innere Seele enthalten kann. Um eine innige Verbindung dieser Lagen untereinander zu erreichen ist zusätzlich eine äußere Schutzummantelung aus Kunststoff vorgesehen. Ein derartiger Seilanker kann aber nicht als Bohranker für die eingangs genannten Anwendungsfälle eingesetzt werden, da abgesehen von einem fehlenden Außengewinde weder eine Übertragung der hohen Drehmomente noch eine effektive Weiterleitung der Schlagenergie des Bohrhammers bis zu einer am Ankerfuß montierten Bohrkrone möglich ist. Vielmehr ist er als flexibler Anker mit seiner seilartigen Konstruktion zum Auftrommeln als Endlosmaterial konzipiert, welches nur in bereits fertiggestellte Bohrlöcher eingeführt werden kann.From the DE 40 18 703 C1 a multi-layered cable anchor is known in which a rope made of textile yarn is surrounded by a support braid and may contain an inner soul. In order to achieve an intimate connection of these layers with each other, an outer protective sheath made of plastic is additionally provided. However, such a cable anchor can not be used as a drilling anchor for the applications mentioned above, since apart from a missing external thread neither a transmission of high torques nor an effective transmission of impact energy of the hammer to a drill bit mounted on the anchor bit is possible. Rather, it is designed as a flexible anchor with its rope-like construction for tumbling as endless material, which can be introduced only in already completed holes.

Ferner ist aus der DE 295 01 694 U1 ein Gebirgsanker aus Kunststoff bekannt, der aus synthetischen Materialien besteht, die in übereinanderliegenden Lagen angeordnet sind. Dabei kann der Anker auch als Hohlanker zum Injizieren ausgeführt sein. Allerdings ist auch dieser Gebirgsanker mangels Steifigkeit nicht zum Bohren geeignet, da er als nachgiebiges System konzipiert ist, um Bewegungen im Sedimentgestein und Konvergenzen in Grenzen zu ertragen, was vergleichbar ist mit einer erhöhten Duktilität bei Stahl. Unabhängig davon weist der Gebirgsanker auch keine Außenprofilierung bzw. kein Außengewinde auf, so dass er auch aus diesem Grund nicht als Bohranker eingesetzt werden kann.Furthermore, from the DE 295 01 694 U1 a rock anchor made of plastic, which consists of synthetic materials, which are arranged in superimposed layers. In this case, the anchor can also be designed as a hollow anchor for injecting. However, this rock anchor is also not suitable for drilling due to its lack of rigidity, since it is designed as a yielding system to withstand movements in sedimentary rocks and convergences, which is comparable to increased ductility in steel. Regardless, the rock anchor also has no external profiling or no external thread, so that it can not be used as a drilling anchor for this reason.

Darüber hinaus sind faserverstärkte Kunststoff-Bohranker der eingangs genannten Art aus der WO 96/21087 bekannt, der als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird. Sie haben an den beiden Endbereichen jeweils ein in der axialen Ausdehnung begrenztes Gewinde. Diese Bohranker enthalten sowohl wendelförmig gewickelte Fasern als auch längsgerichtete Fasern.In addition, fiber reinforced plastic drilling anchors of the type mentioned above are from WO 96/21087 known as the closest prior art. They each have a limited axial extent at the two end regions thread. These drilling anchors include both helically wound fibers and longitudinal fibers.

Nachteilig bei diesen vorbekannten Bohrankern ist jedoch eine nur eingeschränkte Verbundwirkung in eingepresstem Beton oder anderen umgebenden Medien oder umgebenden Gestein. Außerdem können die beim Bohren auftretenden Belastungen trotz des zweilagigen Faseraufbaus zu Beschädigungen der Bohranker führen.A disadvantage of these known drilling anchors, however, is only a limited composite effect in pressed concrete or other surrounding media or surrounding rock. In addition, the loads occurring during drilling can lead to damage to the drilling anchors despite the two-layer fiber structure.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen verbesserten Bohranker der eingangs genannten Art aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff zu schaffen, der die komplex auftretenden Spannungen und resultierenden Kräfte im Bohrbetrieb besser aufnehmen kann. Außerdem soll ein multifunktional einzusetzenden Bohranker bereitgestellt werden, der eine ausreichende hydraulische Festigkeit für das Spülen mit Bohrwasser und das anschließende Hochdruckinjizieren mit sehr hohen Drücken aufweist sowie gleichzeitig auch die in den Anker eingeleiteten komplexen Verspannungen und Belastungen im vorzerstörten Fels kompensieren kann.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved drilling anchor of the type mentioned above made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which can better absorb the complex occurring stresses and resulting forces in drilling operation. In addition, a multi-functional to be used anchor drill is provided, which has sufficient hydraulic strength for flushing with drilling water and the subsequent high-pressure injection at very high pressures and at the same time can compensate for the introduced into the anchor complex tensions and burdens in pre-destroyed rock.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Bohranker nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved by a drilling anchor according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Wesentlich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist es, dass eine erste Faserlage mit schräg zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufenden Fasern von einer zweiten Faserlage mit in Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufenden Fasern umgeben ist, dass die zweite Faserlage von mindestens einer dritten Faserlage mit schräg zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufenden Fasern umgeben ist, und dass der Bohranker ein über seine gesamte Länge sich erstreckendes Gewinde aufweist, welches in mindestens eine äußere Faserlage des Bohrankers eingeformt ist.It is essential in the solution according to the invention that a first fiber layer with fibers extending obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor is surrounded by a second fiber layer with fibers running in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor, such that the second fiber layer extends from at least one third fiber layer with an angle to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor Fibers is surrounded, and that the drilling anchor has a over its entire length extending thread, which is formed in at least one outer fiber layer of the drilling anchor.

Der Hauptvorteil liegt dabei darin, dass ein wesentlich vielseitiger einzusetzender Bohranker geschaffen wird, der bei einer deutlich höheren Belastbarkeit eine dauerhaft größere Sicherheit gewährleistet. Insbesondere können die beim Bohrvorgang auftretenden komplexen Spannungen und resultierenden Kräfte, insbesondere Schleppkräfte aus axialer Stauchung und Torsion z. B. durch Reibung und Schneidkraft wesentlich besser aufgenommen werden. Auch können wesentlich höhere hydraulische Drücke beim Spülen mit Bohrwasser, aber insbesondere auch beim anschließenden Hochdruckinjizieren z. B. mit 2-K-Systemen und Drücken über 300 bar ohne Beschädigungen des Bohrankers aufgenommen werden und gleichzeitig auch die komplexen aus Zug-, Schub- und Scherkräften eingeleiteten Verspannungen und Belastungen des Ankers im Fels kompensiert werden.The main advantage lies in the fact that a much more versatile Bohranker to be used is created, which ensures a permanently greater safety at a much higher load capacity. In particular, the complex stresses and resulting forces occurring during the drilling process, in particular drag forces from axial compression and torsion z. B. by Friction and cutting force are absorbed much better. Also, much higher hydraulic pressures when flushing with drilling water, but especially during subsequent high-pressure injecting z. B. with 2-K systems and pressures over 300 bar without damage to the drilling anchor are included and at the same time the complex introduced from tensile, shear and shear stresses and strains of the anchor in the rock can be compensated.

Der erfindungsgemäße Bohranker ist bei einfacher Konstruktion kostengünstig herzustellen und bei geringem Gewicht leicht handzuhaben. Darüber hinaus wird auch hierbei ein optimaler Korrosionsschutz selbst bei Langzeit anwendungen gewährleistet.The drilling anchor according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to handle with low weight with a simple design. In addition, an optimal corrosion protection is guaranteed even in long-term applications.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die dritte Faserlage von mindestens einer vierten Faserlage umgeben ist. Hierdurch kann eine noch bessere Festigkeit und eine hinsichtlich der auftretenden Belastungen optimierte Ausbildung des Bohrankers erzielt werden.It is particularly advantageous if the third fiber layer is surrounded by at least one fourth fiber layer. As a result, an even better strength and an optimized training of the drilling anchor can be achieved.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die erste und/oder dritte Faserlage Fasern umfasst, die in einem Winkel zwischen 30° und 60°, insbesondere zwischen 40° und 50°, vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von etwa 45° zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers wendelförmig gewickelt sind.It is furthermore particularly advantageous if the first and / or third fiber layer comprises fibers which are wound helically at an angle between 30 ° and 60 °, in particular between 40 ° and 50 °, preferably at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor are.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die erste und/oder dritte Faserlage jeweils eine erste Gruppe von Fasern, die in einem Winkel zwischen 30° und 60° zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers in einer ersten Steigungsorientierung gewickelt sind, sowie ferner eine zweite Gruppe von Fasern umfasst, die in einem Winkel zwischen 30° und 60° zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers in der entgegengesetzten Steigungsorientierung gewickelt sind. Die beiden Gruppen von Fasern können dabei entweder getrennt nacheinander oder auch durcheinander gemischt eingebracht werden.It is furthermore particularly advantageous if the first and / or third fiber layers each comprise a first group of fibers which are wound at an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor in a first gradient orientation and also a second group of fibers , which are wound at an angle between 30 ° and 60 ° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor in the opposite slope orientation. The two groups of fibers can be introduced either separately in succession or mixed together.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die Fasern einzelner Faserlagen in Kunststoffe eingebettet sind, die von dem Kunststoff der benachbarten Faserlagen verschieden sind.It is also particularly advantageous if the fibers of individual fiber layers are embedded in plastics which are different from the plastic of the adjacent fiber layers.

Ebenso können vorteilhafterweise die Fasern einzelner Faserlagen aus einem Material bestehen, das von dem Material der benachbarten Faserlagen verschieden ist.Likewise, advantageously, the fibers of individual fiber layers may consist of a material which is different from the material of the adjacent fiber layers.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die erste und/oder dritte Faserlage schräg zur Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufende Fasern umfasst, die in Vinylesterharz gebettet sind. Die Einbettung der den inneren Kanal begrenzenden Fasern in Vinylesterharz dient vorteilhafterweise der Erhöhung der chemischen Beständigkeit des Bohrankers.It is furthermore particularly advantageous if the first and / or third fiber layer comprises fibers running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor and embedded in vinyl ester resin. The embedding of the inner channel limiting fibers in vinyl ester resin advantageously serves to increase the chemical resistance of the drilling anchor.

Die zweite Faserlage mit in Längsrichtung des Bohrankers verlaufenden Fasern ist vorzugsweise in Epoxiharz gebettet. Sie ermöglichen so eine optimale Übertragung der Zug- und Druckkräfte auch bei einer impulsartig auftretenden Schlagbelastung.The second fiber layer with fibers extending in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor is preferably embedded in epoxy resin. They thus allow optimum transfer of tensile and compressive forces even with a pulse-like impact load.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die Fasern der ersten und/oder zweiten Faserlage Glasfasern sind. Die Fasern der dritten Faserlage sind vorzugsweise Carbonfasern. Auf diese Weise können sowohl sehr hohe Drehmomente als auch sehr hohe Schlagenergien des zum Einbringen des Bohrankers verwendeten Bohrhammers besonders effektiv über den Bohranker bis zu einer am Ankerfuß montierten Bohrkrone übertragen werden, wobei das Risiko einer Zerstörung des Ankers auf ein Minimum reduziert ist.It is also particularly advantageous if the fibers of the first and / or second fiber layer are glass fibers. The fibers of the third fiber layer are preferably carbon fibers. In this way, both very high torques and very high impact energies of the drill hammer used to bring in the drilling anchor can be transferred particularly effectively over the drilling anchor to a drill bit mounted on the anchor foot, whereby the risk of destruction of the anchor is minimized.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die vierte Faserlage Glasfasern umfasst, die vorzugsweise in Epoxiharz gebettet sind. In diese oder auch in andere äußere Faserschichten des Bohrankers kann das Gewinde faseranschnittfrei eingeformt werden. Auf diese Weise wird ohne Einschneiden und somit ohne Zerstörung der Fasern ein hochfestes Gewinde erreicht, das bei seiner erfindungsgemäßen Länge eine optimale Verbundwirkung zu seiner Umgebung herstellt.It is also particularly advantageous if the fourth fiber layer comprises glass fibers, which are preferably embedded in epoxy resin. In this or in other outer fiber layers of the drilling anchor, the thread can be formed without a fiber gate. In this way, a high-strength thread is achieved without cutting and thus without destroying the fibers, which produces an optimal composite effect to its environment at its length according to the invention.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn der Bohranker bezogen auf das Volumen einen Faseranteil von mindestens 80% und einen Kunststoffharzanteil von höchstens 20% aufweist. Auf diese Weise werden optimale Festigkeitswerte hinsichtlich aller auftretenden Belastungen erreicht.Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the drilling anchor, based on the volume, has a fiber content of at least 80% and a plastic resin content of at most 20%. In this way optimal strength values are achieved with regard to all occurring loads.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn das Gewinde des Bohrankers mit einer ausgehärteten Schutzbeschichtung versehen ist. Die Schutzbeschichtung kann als Topcoating insbesondere aus einem ausgehärteten Gel bestehen und nicht nur einem mechanischen Schutz, sondern auch einem UV-Schutz sowie insbesondere auch einem Säureschutz des Gewindes dienen.It is also particularly advantageous if the thread of the drilling anchor is provided with a hardened protective coating. The protective coating may consist of topcoating, in particular of a cured gel, and serve not only a mechanical protection, but also a UV protection and, in particular, an acid protection of the thread.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bohrankers der vorangehend beschriebenen Art. Danach wird der Bohranker in mehreren Lagen mit getrennten Schichten durch Pultrusion hergestellt, wodurch trotz der verbesserten Eigenschaften des Bohrankers eine kostengünstige und einfache Fertigung ermöglichst wird.The present invention further relates to a method of making a drilling anchor of the type described above. Thereafter, the drilling anchor is pultruded in multiple layers with separate layers, thereby enabling cost effective and easy fabrication in spite of the improved properties of the drilling anchor.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Bohrankers;
Figur 2:
Querschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie A-A aus Figur 1; und
Figur 3:
vergrößerte, teilgeschnittene schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Bohrankers.
Show it:
FIG. 1:
a partially sectioned side view of a drilling anchor according to the invention;
FIG. 2:
Cross section along the section line AA FIG. 1 ; and
FIG. 3:
enlarged, partially sectioned schematic representation of the structure of a drilling anchor according to the invention.

Der in den Figuren dargestellte Bohranker 1 besteht aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, der mehrlagig aufgebaut ist. Der Bohranker 1 hat eine über seine gesamte Länge durchgehende axiale Bohrung 2 sowie ein ebenfalls über seine gesamte Länge durchgehendes Außengewinde 3 mit einer wellenförmigen Kontur.The drilling anchor 1 shown in the figures consists of fiber-reinforced plastic, which is constructed in multiple layers. The drilling anchor 1 has a continuous over its entire length axial bore 2 and also over its entire length continuous external thread 3 with a wavy contour.

Beim lagenweisen bzw. schichtweise Laminieren werden die Fasern oder die Gruppen von Fasern nicht nur parallel-unidirektional angeordnet sondern insbesondere in der obersten Lage entgegengesetzt der Gewindedreh- und Bohrrichtung gewickelt bzw. getwistet in der Harzmatrix gebettet.In layer-wise or layer-by-layer lamination, the fibers or the groups of fibers are not only arranged in a parallel unidirectional manner but in particular wound in the uppermost layer opposite the thread rotation and drilling direction or embedded in the resin matrix.

In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsvariante sind zur Erhöhung der hydraulischen Stabilität zwei Gruppen von Glasfasern in einer ersten Faserlage 4 mit gleichzeitig hoher mechanischer und chemischer Beständigkeit in Vinylharz gebettet. Diese beiden Gruppen der ersten Faserlage 4 sind jeweils unter einem Winkel von 45° zur axialen Ausrichtung des Bohrankers 1 gegenläufig zueinander gewickelt.In the embodiment shown here, two groups of glass fibers are embedded in a first fiber layer 4 with simultaneously high mechanical and chemical resistance in vinyl resin to increase the hydraulic stability. These two groups of the first fiber layer 4 are each wound at an angle of 45 ° to the axial alignment of the drilling anchor 1 in opposite directions.

Darauf aufbauend ist eine zweite Faserlage 5 von Glasfasern in Längsrichtung des Bohrankers 1 in Epoxiharz gebettet. Sie dient zur Aufnahme hoher mechanischer axialer Zug- und Druckkräfte.Based on this, a second fiber layer 5 of glass fibers is embedded in the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor 1 in epoxy resin. It serves to accommodate high mechanical axial tensile and compressive forces.

In einer außenliegend darauf aufgebrachten dritten Faserlage 6 sind Carbonfasern entgegengesetzt zur Dreh- und Bohrrichtung des Außengewindes 3 in Vinylesterharz gebettet. Sie übernehmen die besonderen Reaktionskräfte aus der Bohrarbeit. Gleichzeitig bieten sie aufgrund des aufnehmenden Vinylesterharzes einen permanenten Schutz für die Glasfasern im Kern gegen äußere chemische Einwirkungen.In an externally applied thereto third fiber layer 6 carbon fibers are opposite to the rotation and drilling direction of the external thread 3 embedded in vinyl ester resin. They take over the special reaction forces from the drilling work. At the same time they provide permanent protection for the glass fibers in the core against external chemical effects due to the receiving vinyl ester resin.

In einer äußeren Abschlusslaminierung 7, die aus Glasfasern in Epoxiharz gebildet wird, ist das hochfeste Gewinde 3 ohne Zerstörung der durchgehenden Glasfasern eingeformt.In an outer end lamination 7, which is formed of glass fibers in epoxy resin, the high-strength thread 3 is formed without destroying the continuous glass fibers.

Durch den Bohranker 1 wird nach dem Abbohren über diverse Adaptersysteme injiziert. Bei Zementmörtel ist das unkritisch weil keine hohen Injektionsdrücke und kaum Reaktionsdrücke auftreten, nicht am oder im Bohranker 1 hochenergetisch gemischt und Druck gehalten werden muss und das Bohrloch selbst nicht aufwändig verschlossen gehalten werden muss. Bei Zweikomponentenmörteln müssen jedoch gut dichtende Adapter mit vorgeschalteten Ventilen, integriertem Mischer, Düse und Rückschlagventil verwendet werden. Dazu muss das Ankerrohr 1 selbst auch im allgemeinen bis etwa 250 bar Arbeitsdruck bzw. Nenndruck (350 bar Berstdruck) hydraulisch belastbar sein. Diese Belastbarkeit wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Bohrankers 1 erreicht.Through the drilling anchor 1 is injected after drilling through various adapter systems. For cement mortar that is not critical because no high injection pressures and hardly reaction pressures occur, not mixed on or in the drilling anchor 1 high energy and pressure must be maintained and the borehole itself must not be kept consuming closed. For two component mortars, however, good sealing adapters with upstream valves, integrated mixer, nozzle and check valve must be used. For this purpose, the anchor tube 1 itself must also be generally hydraulically loadable up to about 250 bar working pressure or nominal pressure (350 bar bursting pressure). This load capacity is achieved by the inventive design of the drilling anchor 1.

Ein selbst bohrender FRP-Anker 1 für rechtsdrehendes, rotatorisches Bohren hat im Gegensatz zu Stahlrohren aufgrund der Anisotropie des Faserverbundstoffes einen begrenzten Torsionswiderstand. Um dennoch mit der für drehendes Bohren erforderlichem hohen Andruckkraft einerseits (5 - 20 kN) und dem erforderlich hohen Drehmoment andererseits (300 Nm) arbeiten zu können, ist der erfindungsgemäße Bohranker hinsichtlich Harzgüte und Faserqualität wie auch Faserorientierung und Prozess optimiert.A self-drilling FRP anchor 1 for right-handed rotatory drilling has a limited torsional resistance, in contrast to steel pipes due to the anisotropy of the fiber composite. In order nevertheless to be able to work with the high pressing force required for rotating drilling (5-20 kN) and the required high torque (300 Nm), the drilling anchor according to the invention is optimized with regard to resin quality and fiber quality as well as fiber orientation and process.

In dem mehrlagig hergestellten, faserverstärkten Kunststoffrohr 1 werden gleichzeitig sowohl ein oder mehrere uni-direktionale Faserverläufe 5 als auch ein oder mehrere wendelförmig gewickelte Faserverläufe 4, 6 mit gleichen und/oder unterschiedlichen Richtungen und auch gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Steigungen unabhängig voneinander bedarfsweise in beliebiger Zusammenstellung kombiniert. Insbesondere an der Oberfläche in den Randschichtfasern 7 der Schraubprofilierung 3 können die Fasern einen gegenläufigen Faserverlauf aufweisen, so dass bei linksgängigen Schraubprofil für linksdrehendes Bohren dann ein rechtsgängig gewickelter Faserverlauf in der Randschicht 7 vorliegt und umgekehrt das Kunststoffrohr 1 für rechtsdrehendes Bohren ein rechtsgängiges Schraubprofil mit dann linksgängigem Faserverlauf in der Randschicht 7 aufweist. Dabei ist vorzugsweise das selbe Steigungsmaß vorgesehen, wobei die Geometrie der Schraubprofilierung jeweils links- bzw. rechtsgängig gewindekompatibel mit diversen Standardzubehörteilen aus dem links-drehschlag-bohrenden Bereich oder aber aus dem rechts-dreh-bohrenden Bereich schraubbar ist. Außerdem weist das durchgehende Schraubprofil 3 auch in Mörteln und im Beton mit optimierter bezogener Rippenfläche ausgezeichnete Verbundeigenschaften auf.In the multi-layer produced, fiber-reinforced plastic tube 1, both one or more unidirectional fiber courses 5 and one or more helically wound fiber courses 4, 6 are combined with the same and / or different directions and also the same or different gradients independently of one another in any desired combination , In particular, on the surface in the edge layer fibers 7 of the screw 3, the fibers may have an opposite grain, so that left-handed screw for left-handed drilling then a right-handed wound fiber in the edge layer 7 is present and vice versa the plastic tube 1 for right-handed drilling a right-handed screw with has left-handed fiber profile in the edge layer 7. It is Preferably, the same pitch dimension provided, the geometry of the Schraubprofilierung each left- or right-handed thread-compatible with various standard accessories from the left-rotary impact drilling area or from the right-rotary drilling area can be screwed. In addition, the continuous screw 3 also in mortars and concrete with optimized related ribbed surface excellent composite properties.

Claims (14)

  1. A drilling anchor of fibre-reinforced plastic with an axial bore (2) passing through its entire length, wherein the drilling anchor (1) comprises fibres running in longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1) as well as fibres running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1),
    characterized in
    that a first fibre layer (4) with fibres running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1) is surrounded by a second fibre layer (5) with fibres running in longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1),
    in that the second fibre layer (5) is surrounded by at least a third fibre layer (6) with fibres running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1),
    and in that the drilling anchor (1) comprises a thread (3) which extends over its entire length, which is moulded into at least one outer fibre layer (6, 7) of the drilling anchor (1).
  2. The drilling anchor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the third fibre layer (6) is surrounded by at least a fourth fibre layer (7).
  3. The drilling anchor according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and/or third fibre layer (4, 6) comprises fibres which are helically wound at an angle between 30° and 60°, more preferably between 40° and 50° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor.
  4. The drilling anchor according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first and/or third fibre layer (4, 6) each comprises a first group of fibres which is wound in a first pitch orientation at an angle between 30° and 60° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor (1), and furthermore comprises a second group of fibres which are wound in the opposite pitch orientation at an angle between 30° and 60° to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor.
  5. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of individual fibre layers are embedded in plastics which differ from the plastic of the neighbouring fibre layers.
  6. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of individual fibre layers consist of a material which differs from the material of the neighbouring fibre layers.
  7. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and/or third fibre layer (4, 6) comprises fibres running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor which are embedded in vinyl ester resin.
  8. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second fibre layer (5) comprises fibres running in longitudinal direction of the drilling anchor which are embedded in epoxy resin.
  9. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of the first and/or second (4, 5) fibre layer are glass fibres.
  10. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of the third fibre layer (6) are carbon fibres.
  11. The drilling anchor according to any one of the Claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the fourth fibre layer (7) comprises glass fibres which are preferentially embedded in epoxy resin, wherein the thread (3) is moulded into this fourth fibre layer (7) without cutting the fibres.
  12. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling anchor (1) based on the volume has a fibre component of at least 80% and a plastic resin component of a maximum of 20%.
  13. The drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread (3) of the drilling anchor (1) is provided with a hardened protective coating.
  14. A method for producing a drilling anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling anchor (1) is produced in multiple layers with separated layers (4, 5, 6, 7) through pultrusion.
EP07725617A 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Fiber-reinforced plastic drilling anchor Not-in-force EP2027366B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE102006025248A DE102006025248A1 (en) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 Fiber reinforced plastic drilling anchor
PCT/EP2007/004722 WO2007137807A1 (en) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Fiber-reinforced plastic drilling anchor

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EP2027366B1 true EP2027366B1 (en) 2009-10-14

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EP (1) EP2027366B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE445763T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2007267379B2 (en)
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WO2007137807A1 (en) 2007-12-06
US8172484B2 (en) 2012-05-08
AU2007267379B2 (en) 2012-05-17
ES2334850T3 (en) 2010-03-16
AU2007267379A1 (en) 2007-12-06
DE102006025248A1 (en) 2007-12-06
CA2659568C (en) 2014-12-16
DE502007001746D1 (en) 2009-11-26
ATE445763T1 (en) 2009-10-15
CA2659568A1 (en) 2007-06-12
PL2027366T3 (en) 2010-03-31
US20090297278A1 (en) 2009-12-03
EP2027366A1 (en) 2009-02-25

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