EP1655537B1 - Projector with a shroud element of an integrated fixing system and method of fixing a shroud element in a projector - Google Patents
Projector with a shroud element of an integrated fixing system and method of fixing a shroud element in a projector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1655537B1 EP1655537B1 EP20050292345 EP05292345A EP1655537B1 EP 1655537 B1 EP1655537 B1 EP 1655537B1 EP 20050292345 EP20050292345 EP 20050292345 EP 05292345 A EP05292345 A EP 05292345A EP 1655537 B1 EP1655537 B1 EP 1655537B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- occulting
- headlight device
- receptacle
- tongue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000287107 Passer Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
- F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
- F21S41/435—Hoods or cap-shaped
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
- F21S41/47—Attachment thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a projector device comprising a concealment element with integrated fixing system, and a method of fixing said concealment element within a projector device.
- the main purpose of the invention is to propose a solution for making it possible, within a projector device, to place a concealment element, traditionally called a concealer, independent of the installation of the light source of the device. projector considered.
- a concealment element traditionally called a concealer
- the object of the invention is achieved by simplifying the establishment of such a concealer, in particular by not involving any intermediate fixing element, crown-type screwed on a reflector, or screw-type fastening means.
- the first family is that of so-called parabolic projectors.
- a light beam is generated by a small light source disposed in a reflector, or mirror.
- the projection on the road of the light rays reflected by a suitable reflector makes it possible to directly obtain a light beam obeying the various constraints imposed by the standards.
- Such a projector device may optionally be supplemented by an ice-type exit surface, which may be provided for example with ridges for modifying the light beam, for example by spreading it in width.
- the second family is that of so-called elliptical projectors. In this family of projectors, a spot of light concentration is generated by a light source disposed in a reflector.
- the spot of light concentration is then projected onto the road by a convergent lens, for example a plano-convex lens.
- a convergent lens for example a plano-convex lens.
- the present invention applies to the two families just mentioned. In general, the invention can be implemented for all the projectors devices whose light source emits light signals, at least part of which must be obscured.
- projector devices are known whose occulteur is crimped onto a crown screwed onto a reflector, made for example from a thermosetting material; the ring is also involved in maintaining the light source, via a spring, within the projector device considered.
- Projector devices are also known in which the shield is fixed by means of a screw on the thermosetting reflector.
- the attachment of the occluder is still dependent on the fixation of the light source.
- the size of the intermediate fasteners forces to mount the shield behind the reflector, which adds mounting constraints that can prove to be penalizing in terms of simplicity and speed of the manufacturing process of the projector device considered.
- Solutions for setting up a concealer in a projector device envisaged in the state of the art are therefore not satisfactory; in addition, some automotive suppliers try to propose, for reasons of reliability, solutions to maintain a light source within a projector device by eliminating screwing operations.
- the dependence of the fixation of the light source with respect to the fixation of the occluder is, in such a context, a penalizing element.
- the object of the invention proposes a solution to the problems and disadvantages which have just been exposed.
- the invention proposes a solution in which the fixation of the light source is independent of the setting of the occulter.
- the two functions - fixing the lamp and attaching the concealer - are thus disjoined, leaving more room for maneuver to propose satisfactory solutions for maintaining the light source within a reflector.
- the present invention more particularly proposes a projector device, and an associated fixing method, in which an occluder is maintained without an intermediate element which would intervene in the maintenance of the light source.
- the occluder further comprises a support leg constituting an integrated fixing means.
- the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle equipped with a projector device having the main characteristics, possibly supplemented by one or more additional features, which have just been mentioned.
- FIG. 1 shows a planar representation of an occulting element 100 - or occulting element - capable of being used in a projector device according to the invention.
- the occluder 100 is a one-piece piece, made of a single material, for example stainless steel, malleable material, or alusi (registered trademark); the latter material consists of a superposition of layers of aluminum and flexible steel and has thermal characteristics particularly suitable for its use in motor vehicle headlamps.
- the occluder 100 can therefore be manufactured simply by cutting plates of a material, then folded to adopt its final shape, shown in FIG. 2. No molding or assembly operation of different parts is necessary in the illustrated example to realize the occulteur 100.
- the concealer 100 consists in particular of an occulting portion 101, whose flattened shape is approximately rectangular; after folding of the occluder 100, the occulting portion 101 constitutes a cylinder or a cone which, placed in a suitable position within a projector device, makes it possible to intercept certain light signals which are not useful for the function performed by the projector device .
- the occulting portion 101, folded, is conical, its flattened shape is not rigorously rectangular, but slightly trapezoidal.
- the blackout portion 101 is extended by a central portion 102, formed by the juxtaposition of a first sidewall 104 and a second sidewall 105, which extend on either side of - and approximately perpendicular to - the same side describing a length of the rectangle defining the blackout portion 101 in its flattened form.
- the juxtaposition of the flanks 104 and 105 may be completed by means for securing said flanks to seal their association.
- At least one of the flanks 104 or 105 has a return 107, forming a right angle with the flank considered, in order to stiffen the central portion 102.
- the return 107 is obtained by folding the first flank 104 and / or the second flank 105.
- the first sidewall 104 and the second sidewall 105 are respectively extended by a first tongue 103 and by a second tongue 106, the meeting of which, by folding of the occluder 100, constitutes a holding leg 108 of the occluder.
- the first tongue 103 supports a locking key 113, the role of which will be described later;
- the second tongue 106 has a hooking slot 109, intended to receive a lug 110 disposed at one end of the locking key 113, and terminates in a first fastening lug 111 and a second fastening lug 112 which are parallel and of dimensions identical.
- the fastening lugs 111 and 112 have in particular ends 115 intended to be folded, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the first fastening lug 111 and the second fastening lug 112 joining at a base 114 of the second tab fastener 106, said base serving as support for the fastening tabs.
- the concealer 100 shown in FIG. 1 is, as already mentioned, intended to be folded to adopt a three-dimensional shape shown in FIG. 2.
- the folding of the first tongue 103 and of the second tongue 106 must be done in such a way that, once the occulting portion 101 and the central portion 102 are placed in their three-dimensional shape, the two tongues 103 and 106 can be folded back.
- FIG. 3 the folding of the first tongue 103 consisting of a foldback on itself in a first direction 300
- the folding of the second tongue 106 consisting of a foldback on itself. even in a second direction 301, so as to bring the locking key 113 in the immediate vicinity of the attachment slot 109.
- the shape of the concealer 100 shown in Figure 2 corresponds to the three-dimensional shape that it must adopt to be brought into a position in which it is ready to be fixed on a reflector.
- a reflector appears in FIGS. 4 to 11. It essentially comprises an inner face 700, visible in FIG. 7, and an outer face 400, partially visible in particular in FIG. 4.
- the inner face 700 essentially consists of a reflecting surface. , or mirror, whose function is to reflect light signals produced by a light source not shown to obtain a desired beam.
- the reflector shown is of curved shape; its inner face 700 is concave; it has a base at which is formed an orifice 401, used in particular for the establishment of the blackout element 100 and the light source, and for the power supply of the latter.
- the orifice 401 has a circular shape completed by a notch, said notch being overhung at least partially by a housing 402 for receiving and holding the occulteur 100.
- the housing 402 is, in the example shown, consisting of a first side wall 403 and a second side wall 404, whose height is oriented parallel to the optical axis of the projector device, the optical axis being the main illumination direction of the device considered; the walls 403 and 404 each comprise a main part which extend in parallel towards the circular part of the orifice 401, each main part being completed, at its end closest to said circular part, by a complementary part forming a return perpendicular to the main part with which it is associated.
- the two walls 403 and 404 are thus symmetrical to one another with respect to a plane comprising the optical axis of the projector device. They do not meet, however, a space being preserved between the two complementary parts.
- the first wall 403 and the second wall 404 are completed respectively by a first floor 405 and a second floor 406, partially obstructing the notch of the orifice 401, but preserving an opening 407 which is used to pass the central portion 102
- the floors 405 and 406, which constitute a lower portion of the housing 402, have in particular a lower face 408, visible in FIG. 5, which extends the interior face 700 of the reflector, insofar as the underside 408 is visible when the reflector is viewed from the front.
- the walls and floors which constitute the housing 402 are entirely made in the outer face 400 of the reflector.
- the housing 402 is thus manufactured at the time of the demolding operation of the reflector, in a material identical to that constituting the reflector, for example a thermosetting material.
- the orientation of the constituent elements of the housing 402 is such that its presence does not complicate the manufacture of the mold; in particular, it is not necessary to introduce drawers into the mold used.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the fact that the concealer 100 can be brought in two different ways in the position shown in FIG. 8, which corresponds to the concealer 100, folded according to the representation of FIGS. 2 and 3, and placed in the housing 402 before a locking operation of the holding foot 108.
- the first way shown in Figure 7, is to pass the shield 100 through the interior of the reflector; in such a case, it is the holding foot 108 which passes through the orifice 401.
- the second way, shown in Figure 6, is to pass the shield 100 by the outside of the reflector; in such a case, it is the occulting portion 101 which passes through the orifice 401.
- Such an assembly choice is made possible thanks in particular to the absence of the fixing ring to maintain the occulter 100.
- support leg dimensions and positioning of the housing walls 402 are provided which are perfectly adapted for an introduction into force.
- the occulteur - whose holding base is less complex than that shown in the figures described - in the housing 402 is sufficient to ensure sufficient mechanical pressure, between said walls and the support foot, to immobilize the occulter 100.
- the locking operation is illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11. It consists of continuing the folding movement 300 of the first tongue 103 to introduce the pin 110 of the locking key 113 into the hooking slot 109 of the second tongue. 106. Once this introduction has been performed, pressing on the locking key 113 causes the folding movement 301 of the second tab 106 to continue until the base 114, situated at the end of the second tab 106, ends from which leave the fixing lugs 111 and 112, abuts against the opposite end of the second tongue 106, said opposite end constituting a flat zone resting at least partially on the walls 403 and 404.
- it is expected that such an abutment corresponds to a horizontal position of the locking key 113.
- the lateral blocking that is to say in directions contained in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, the occultor 100 is thus obtained.
- the lateral blocking is illustrated by arrows 302 and 303 visible in FIG.
- the continuation of the folding movement 301 of the second tongue 106 until the abutment of the base 114 against the end, on the side of the flank 105, of the second tongue 106 at the same time causes the passage of the folded ends 115 of the fastening lugs 111 and 112 under the floors 405 and 406 of the housing 402.
- the folded ends 115 are thus placed in abutment on the lower face 408 of the floors 405 and 406, thus ensuring an axial blocking, that is to say parallel to the optical axis, of the occulteur 100.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
- Projection Apparatus (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif projecteur comportant un élément d'occultation à système de fixation intégré, ainsi qu'un procédé de fixation dudit élément d'occultation au sein d'un dispositif projecteur.The present invention relates to a projector device comprising a concealment element with integrated fixing system, and a method of fixing said concealment element within a projector device.
L'invention a essentiellement pour but de proposer une solution pour rendre la mise en place, au sein d'un dispositif projecteur, d'un élément d'occultation, traditionnellement appelé occulteur, indépendante de la mise en place de la source lumineuse du dispositif projecteur considéré. En outre, le but de l'invention est atteint en simplifiant la mise en place d'un tel occulteur, notamment en ne faisant intervenir ni élément intermédiaire de fixation, de type couronne vissée sur un réflecteur, ni moyen de fixation de type vis.The main purpose of the invention is to propose a solution for making it possible, within a projector device, to place a concealment element, traditionally called a concealer, independent of the installation of the light source of the device. projector considered. In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by simplifying the establishment of such a concealer, in particular by not involving any intermediate fixing element, crown-type screwed on a reflector, or screw-type fastening means.
Le domaine de l'invention est, d'une façon générale, celui des projecteurs de véhicule automobile. Dans ce domaine, on connaît différents types de projecteurs, parmi lesquels on trouve essentiellement :
- des feux de position, d'intensité et de portée faible ;
- des feux de croisement, ou codes, d'intensité plus forte et de portée sur la route avoisinant 70 mètres ;
- des feux de route longue portée, et des feux de complément de type longue portée, dont la zone de vision sur la route avoisine 200 mètres ;
- des projecteurs perfectionnés, dits bimodes, qui cumulent les fonctions de feux de croisement et de feu de route en incorporant un cache amovible ;
- des feux anti-brouillard ;
- des feux de signalisation....
- position, intensity and low range lights;
- low beam, or codes, of greater intensity and range on the road close to 70 meters;
- long-range headlamps, and long-range supplement lights, whose vision zone on the road is approximately 200 meters;
- advanced projectors, called dual mode, which combine the functions of low beam and high beam by incorporating a removable cover;
- fog lights;
- traffic lights ....
Dans le domaine des dispositifs projecteurs, il existe deux familles principales qui correspondent à deux agencements distincts d'éléments au sein des projecteurs:In the field of projectors, there are two main families that correspond to two distinct arrangements of elements within the projectors:
La première famille est celle des projecteurs dits paraboliques. Dans ce type de projecteurs, un faisceau lumineux est engendré par une source lumineuse de petite dimension disposée dans un réflecteur, ou miroir. La projection sur la route des rayons lumineux réfléchis par un réflecteur approprié permet d'obtenir directement un faisceau lumineux obéissant aux différentes contraintes imposées par les normes. Un tel dispositif projecteur peut éventuellement être complété par une surface de sortie de type glace, qui peut être munie par exemple de stries pour modifier le faisceau lumineux, par exemple en l'étalant en largeur. La seconde famille est celle des projecteurs dits elliptiques. Dans cette famille de projecteurs, une tache de concentration lumineuse est engendrée par une source lumineuse disposée dans un réflecteur. La tache de concentration lumineuse est ensuite projetée sur la route par une lentille convergente, par exemple une lentille de type plan-convexe. La présente invention s'applique aux deux familles qui viennent d'être mentionnées. D'une façon générale, l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre pour tous les dispositifs projecteurs dont la source lumineuse émet des signaux lumineux dont au moins une partie doit être occultée.The first family is that of so-called parabolic projectors. In this type of projectors, a light beam is generated by a small light source disposed in a reflector, or mirror. The projection on the road of the light rays reflected by a suitable reflector makes it possible to directly obtain a light beam obeying the various constraints imposed by the standards. Such a projector device may optionally be supplemented by an ice-type exit surface, which may be provided for example with ridges for modifying the light beam, for example by spreading it in width. The second family is that of so-called elliptical projectors. In this family of projectors, a spot of light concentration is generated by a light source disposed in a reflector. The spot of light concentration is then projected onto the road by a convergent lens, for example a plano-convex lens. The present invention applies to the two families just mentioned. In general, the invention can be implemented for all the projectors devices whose light source emits light signals, at least part of which must be obscured.
Dans l'état de la technique, on connaît notamment des dispositifs projecteurs dont l'occulteur est serti sur une couronne vissée sur un réflecteur, fabriqué par exemple dans un matériau thermodurcissable; la couronne intervient également dans le maintien de la source lumineuse, par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort, au sein du dispositif projecteur considéré. On connaît également des dispositifs projecteurs où l'occulteur est fixé au moyen d'une vis sur le réflecteur thermodurcissable. Dans ce type de solution, la fixation de l'occulteur est encore dépendante de la fixation de la source lumineuse. Par ailleurs, dans les solutions connues, l'encombrement des pièces intermédiaires de fixation oblige à monter l'occulteur par l'arrière du réflecteur, ce qui ajoute des contraintes de montage qui peuvent s'avérer pénalisantes en terme de simplicité et de rapidité du processus de fabrication du dispositif projecteur considéré.In the state of the art, projector devices are known whose occulteur is crimped onto a crown screwed onto a reflector, made for example from a thermosetting material; the ring is also involved in maintaining the light source, via a spring, within the projector device considered. Projector devices are also known in which the shield is fixed by means of a screw on the thermosetting reflector. In this type of solution, the attachment of the occluder is still dependent on the fixation of the light source. Furthermore, in the known solutions, the size of the intermediate fasteners forces to mount the shield behind the reflector, which adds mounting constraints that can prove to be penalizing in terms of simplicity and speed of the manufacturing process of the projector device considered.
On connaît par ailleurs du document
Les solutions de mise en place d'un occulteur au sein d'un dispositif projecteur envisagées dans l'état de la technique ne sont donc pas satisfaisantes ; en outre, certains équipementiers automobiles tentent de proposer, pour des raisons de fiabilité, des solutions pour maintenir une source lumineuse au sein d'un dispositif projecteur en supprimant les opérations de vissage. La dépendance de la fixation de la source lumineuse par rapport à la fixation de l'occulteur est, dans un tel contexte, un élément pénalisant.Solutions for setting up a concealer in a projector device envisaged in the state of the art are therefore not satisfactory; in addition, some automotive suppliers try to propose, for reasons of reliability, solutions to maintain a light source within a projector device by eliminating screwing operations. The dependence of the fixation of the light source with respect to the fixation of the occluder is, in such a context, a penalizing element.
L'objet de l'invention propose une solution aux problèmes et inconvénients qui viennent d'être exposés. D'une façon générale, l'invention propose une solution dans laquelle la fixation de la source lumineuse est indépendante de la fixation de l'occulteur. Les deux fonctions - fixation de la lampe et fixation de l'occulteur - sont ainsi disjointes, laissant de plus amples marges de manoeuvre pour proposer des solutions satisfaisantes pour le maintien de la source lumineuse au sein d'un réflecteur. La présente invention propose plus particulièrement un dispositif projecteur, et un procédé de fixation associé, dans lequel un occulteur est maintenu sans élément intermédiaire qui interviendrait dans le maintien de la source lumineuse. L'occulteur comporte en outre un pied de maintien, constituant un moyen de fixation intégré.The object of the invention proposes a solution to the problems and disadvantages which have just been exposed. In general, the invention proposes a solution in which the fixation of the light source is independent of the setting of the occulter. The two functions - fixing the lamp and attaching the concealer - are thus disjoined, leaving more room for maneuver to propose satisfactory solutions for maintaining the light source within a reflector. The present invention more particularly proposes a projector device, and an associated fixing method, in which an occluder is maintained without an intermediate element which would intervene in the maintenance of the light source. The occluder further comprises a support leg constituting an integrated fixing means.
A cet effet, l'invention propose essentiellement un dispositif projecteur pour véhicule automobile, comportant :
- une source lumineuse ;
- un élément réflecteur au sein duquel est disposée la source lumineuse, ledit réflecteur étant de forme courbe terminée par un culot au niveau duquel est ménagé un orifice,
- un élément d'occultation comportant une partie occultante placée au sein du réflecteur pour intercepter des signaux lumineux émis par la source lumineuse, la partie occultante étant prolongée par une partie centrale terminée par un pied de maintien, ledit pied de maintien étant maintenu dans un logement, ménagé sur une face extérieure du réflecteur au niveau de l'orifice, par une pression mécanique exercée entre des parois du logement et le pied de maintien,
- a light source;
- a reflective element in which the light source is disposed, said reflector being of curved shape ending in a base at the level of which an orifice is formed,
- an occulting element comprising an occulting part placed inside the reflector for intercepting light signals emitted by the light source, the occulting portion being extended by a central portion terminated by a support leg, said holding foot being held in a housing; , formed on an outer face of the reflector at the orifice, by a mechanical pressure exerted between the walls of the housing and the support leg,
Le dispositif projecteur selon l'invention peut comporter, en plus des caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, une ou plusieurs caractéristiques supplémentaires parmi les suivantes:
- l'élément d'occultation est une pièce monobloc.
- l'orifice est de forme circulaire complétée par une échancrure en regard de laquelle est ménagé le logement ;
- le logement comporte une partie inférieure présentant une ouverture traversée par la partie centrale de l'élément d'occultation ;
- la seconde languette est terminée par au moins une patte de fixation, chaque patte de fixation étant rabattue sur une face inférieure du logement, prolongeant une face intérieure du réflecteur, pour réaliser un blocage axial de l'élément d'occultation sur le réflecteur;
- la seconde languette de fixation est terminée par une première patte de fixation et une seconde patte de fixation ;
- la première patte de fixation et la seconde patte de fixation sont disposées de part et d'autre de la partie centrale de l'élément d'occultation, la première patte de fixation et la seconde patte de fixation se rejoignant au niveau d'une base de la seconde languette de fixation placée en butée contre une partie plane de la seconde languette pour maintenir la clé de verrouillage dans une position horizontale ;
- l'élément d'occultation est réalisé en alusi (marque déposée) ;
- la partie centrale de l'élément d'occultation est constituée d'un premier flanc et d'un second flanc, au moins un des flancs présentant un retour pour rigidifier ladite partie centrale ;
- le premier flanc et le deuxième flanc sont solidarisés par des moyens de fixation.
- the occulting element is a single piece.
- the orifice is circular in shape supplemented by an indentation opposite which is formed the housing;
- the housing comprises a lower portion having an opening through which the central portion of the concealment element;
- the second tongue is terminated by at least one fixing lug, each fixing lug being folded down on a lower face of the housing, extending an inner face of the reflector, to effect an axial blocking of the occulting element on the reflector;
- the second fixing tongue is terminated by a first fixing lug and a second fixing lug;
- the first fixing lug and the second fixing lug are arranged on either side of the central part of the occulting element, the first fixing lug and the second fixing lug joining at a base of the second fixing lug abutting against a flat part the second tab to hold the lock key in a horizontal position;
- the occulting element is made of alusi (registered trademark);
- the central part of the concealment element consists of a first sidewall and a second sidewall, at least one of the sides having a return to stiffen said central portion;
- the first flank and the second flank are secured by fastening means.
La présente invention se rapporte également à un véhicule automobile équipé d'un dispositif projecteur comportant les caractéristiques principales, éventuellement complétées par une ou plusieurs caractéristiques supplémentaires, qui viennent d'être mentionnées.The present invention also relates to a motor vehicle equipped with a projector device having the main characteristics, possibly supplemented by one or more additional features, which have just been mentioned.
La présente invention se rapporte également à un procédé de fixation d'un élément d'occultation sur un dispositif projecteur, ledit projecteur comportant une source lumineuse, un élément réflecteur au sein duquel est disposée la source lumineuse, ledit réflecteur étant de forme courbe terminée par un culot au niveau duquel est ménagé un orifice,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les différentes étapes consistant à :
- ménager, sur une face extérieure du réflecteur au niveau de l'orifice, un logement destiné à recevoir l'élément d'occultation;
- installer l'élément d'occultation, comportant une partie occultante prolongée par une partie centrale terminée par un pied de maintien, au sein du dispositif projecteur en bloquant le pied de maintien dans le logement, une pression mécanique exercée entre des parois du logement et le pied de maintien assurant le blocage de l'élément d'occultation.
characterized in that it comprises the various steps of:
- arranging, on an outer face of the reflector at the orifice, a housing for receiving the occulting element;
- installing the concealment element, comprising an occulting portion extended by a central portion terminated by a support leg, within the projector device by blocking the support leg in the housing, a mechanical pressure exerted between the walls of the housing and the holding foot ensuring the blocking of the concealment element.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comporter, en plus des caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, une ou plusieurs caractéristiques supplémentaires parmi les suivantes :
- le procédé comporte l'étape supplémentaire consistant à, lors de l'étape d'installation de l'élément d'occultation, insérer une clé de verrouillage dans une fente d'accrochage pour provoquer un écartement latéral du pied de maintien pour assurer la pression mécanique entre les parois du logement et le pied de maintien, le pied de maintien étant constitué d'une première languette, réalisant la clé de verrouillage, et d'une seconde languette comportant notamment la fente d'accrochage dans laquelle est insérée la clé de verrouillage ;
- le procédé comporte l'étape consistant à rabattre, au cours de l'étape d'insertion de la clé de verrouillage dans la fente d'accrochage, au moins une patte de fixation, située à une extrémité de la seconde languette, sur une face inférieure du logement, prolongeant une face intérieure du réflecteur, pour réaliser un blocage axial de l'élément d'occultation ;
- le procédé comporte l'étape consistant à, préalablement à l'étape d'installation de l'élément d'occultation au sein du dispositif projecteur, positionner le pied de maintien en regard du logement en faisant passer le pied de maintien au travers de l'orifice ménagé dans le culot du réflecteur.
- le procédé comporte l'étape consistant à, préalablement à l'étape d'installation de l'élément d'occultation au sein du dispositif projecteur, positionner le pied de maintien en regard du logement en faisant passer la partie occultante au travers de l'orifice ménagé dans le culot du réflecteur.
- the method comprises the additional step of, during the step of installing the concealment element, inserting a locking key in a latching slot to cause a lateral spacing of the support foot to ensure the pressure between the walls of the housing and the support leg, the holding foot consisting of a first tongue, forming the locking key, and a second tongue including the attachment slot in which is inserted the key of lock;
- the method comprises the step of folding down, during the step insertion of the locking key into the latching slot, at least one fixing lug, located at one end of the second tongue, on a lower face of the housing, extending an inner face of the reflector, to achieve an axial locking the occulting element;
- the method comprises the step of, prior to the step of installing the concealment element within the projector device, position the holding foot facing the housing by passing the support foot through the orifice formed in the base of the reflector.
- the method comprises the step of, prior to the step of installing the concealment element within the projector device, position the holding foot facing the housing by passing the blackout part through the orifice formed in the base of the reflector.
L'invention et ses différentes applications seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent.The invention and its various applications will be better understood by reading the following description and examining the figures that accompany it.
Celles-ci ne sont présentées qu'à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif de l'invention. Les figures montrent :
- à la figure 1, une représentation plane d'un exemple d'élément d'occultation intervenant dans l'invention ;
- à la figure 2, une représentation schématique de l'élément d'occultation de la figure 1 une fois plié ;
- à la figure 3, une représentation détaillée du pied de maintien de l'élément d'occultation des figures précédentes ;
- à la figure 4, une première vue d'un logement ménagé dans un réflecteur pour recevoir l'élément d'occultation montré aux figures précédentes ;
- à la figure 5, une deuxième vue du logement de la figure 4 ;
- à la figure 6, une représentation schématique d'une première possibilité de positionnement de l'élément d'occultation des figures 1 à 3 dans le logement des figures 4 et 5 ;
- à la figure 7, une représentation schématique d'une deuxième possibilité de positionnement de l'élément d'occultation des figures 1 à 3 dans le logement des figures 4 et 5 ;
- à la figure 8, une représentation schématique de l'élément d'occultation des figures 1 à 3 prêt à être bloqué dans le logement des figures 4 et 5 ;
- à la figure 9, une représentation schématique d'une première étape d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé de fixation selon l'invention ;
- à la figure 10, une première vue de l'élément d'occultation des figures 1 à 3 fixé sur un réflecteur ;
- à la figure 11, une deuxième vue de l'élément d'occultation des figures 1 à 3 fixé sur un réflecteur.
- in Figure 1, a planar representation of an example of occulting element involved in the invention;
- in Figure 2, a schematic representation of the occluding member of Figure 1 when folded;
- in FIG. 3, a detailed representation of the holding leg of the occulting element of the preceding figures;
- in Figure 4, a first view of a housing formed in a reflector for receiving the occulting element shown in the preceding figures;
- in Figure 5, a second view of the housing of Figure 4;
- in Figure 6, a schematic representation of a first possibility of positioning the occluding member of Figures 1 to 3 in the housing of Figures 4 and 5;
- in Figure 7, a schematic representation of a second possibility of positioning the occluding member of Figures 1 to 3 in the housing of Figures 4 and 5;
- in Figure 8, a schematic representation of the occluding member of Figures 1 to 3 ready to be locked in the housing of Figures 4 and 5;
- in Figure 9, a schematic representation of a first step of an exemplary implementation of the fixing method according to the invention;
- in Figure 10, a first view of the concealment element of Figures 1 to 3 fixed on a reflector;
- in FIG. 11, a second view of the concealment element of FIGS. 1 to 3 fixed on a reflector.
Les différents éléments apparaissant sur plusieurs figures auront gardé, sauf précision contraire, la même référence.The different elements appearing in several figures will have kept, unless otherwise stated, the same reference.
La figure 1 montre une représentation plane d'un élément d'occultation 100 - ou occulteur - apte à être utilisé dans un dispositif projecteur selon l'invention. Avantageusement, l'occulteur 100 constitue une pièce monobloc, réalisée dans un matériau unique, par exemple l'inox, matériau malléable, ou l'alusi (marque déposée) ; ce dernier matériau est constitué d'une superposition de couches d'aluminium et d'acier souple et présente des caractéristiques thermiques particulièrement adaptées à son utilisation au sein des dispositifs projecteurs de véhicules automobiles. L'occulteur 100 peut donc être fabriqué simplement par découpe de plaques d'un matériau, puis plié pour adopter sa forme définitive, montrée à la figure 2. Aucune opération de moulage ou d'assemblage de différentes pièces n'est nécessaire dans l'exemple illustré pour réaliser l'occulteur 100.FIG. 1 shows a planar representation of an occulting element 100 - or occulting element - capable of being used in a projector device according to the invention. Advantageously, the
L'occulteur 100 est constitué notamment d'une partie occultante 101, dont la forme aplatie est approximativement rectangulaire ; après pliage de l'occulteur 100, la partie occultante 101 constitue un cylindre ou un cône qui, placé dans une position appropriée au sein d'un dispositif projecteur, permet d'intercepter certains signaux lumineux non utiles à la fonction réalisée par le dispositif projecteur. Lorsque la partie occultante 101, pliée, est conique, sa forme aplatie n'est pas rigoureusement rectangulaire, mais légèrement trapézoïdale. La partie occultante 101 est prolongée par une partie centrale 102, formée par la juxtaposition d'un premier flanc 104 et d'un second flanc 105, qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de - et approximativement perpendiculairement à - un même côté décrivant une longueur du rectangle définissant la partie occultante 101 dans sa forme aplatie. La juxtaposition des flancs 104 et 105 peut être complétée par des moyens de solidarisation desdits flancs pour sceller leur association. Au moins un des flancs 104 ou 105 présente un retour 107, formant un angle droit avec le flanc considéré, afin de rigidifier la partie centrale 102. Le retour 107 est obtenu par pliage du premier flanc 104 et/ou du second flanc 105.The
Le premier flanc 104 et le second flanc 105 sont respectivement prolongés par une première languette 103 et par une seconde languette 106, dont la réunion, par pliage de l'occulteur 100, constitue un pied de maintien 108 dudit l'occulteur. La première languette 103 supporte une clé de verrouillage 113, dont le rôle le sera décrit plus loin ; la seconde languette 106 comporte une fente d'accrochage 109, destinée à recevoir un ergot 110 disposé à une extrémité de la clé de verrouillage 113, et se termine par une première patte de fixation 111 et une seconde patte de fixation 112 parallèles et de dimensions identiques. Les pattes de fixation 111 et 112 présentent notamment des extrémités 115 destinées à être pliées, comme montré à la figure 3. La première patte de fixation 111 et la seconde patte de fixation 112 se rejoignant au niveau d'une base 114 de la seconde languette de fixation 106, ladite base servant de support aux pattes de fixation.The
L'occulteur 100 montré à la figure 1 est, comme déjà mentionné, destiné à être plié pour adopter une forme tridimensionnelle montrée à la figure 2. A cet effet, on peut par exemple réaliser un certain nombre de rainures sur l'occulteur 100 dans sa forme aplatie. Notamment, le pliage de la première languette 103 et de la seconde languette 106 doit être réalisé de telle sorte que, une fois la partie occultante 101 et la partie centrale 102 placées dans leur forme tridimensionnelle, les deux languettes 103 et 106 puissent se rabattre l'une vers l'autre, comme montré à la figure 3, le pliage de la première languette 103 consistant en un repli sur elle-même selon une première direction 300, et le pliage de la seconde languette 106 consistant en un repli sur elle-même selon une deuxième direction 301, de façon à amener la clé de verrouillage 113 à proximité immédiate de la fente d'accrochage 109.The
La forme de l'occulteur 100 montrée à la figure 2 correspond à la forme tridimensionnelle qu'il doit adopter pour être amené dans une position dans laquelle il est prêt à être fixé sur un réflecteur. Un tel réflecteur apparaît aux figures 4 à 11. Il comprend essentiellement une face intérieure 700, visible à la figure 7, et une face extérieure 400, partiellement visible notamment à la figure 4. La face intérieure 700 est essentiellement constituée d'une surface réfléchissante, ou miroir, dont la fonction est de réfléchir des signaux lumineux produits par une source lumineuse non représentée pour obtenir un faisceau recherché.The shape of the
Le réflecteur représenté est de forme courbe ; sa face intérieure 700 est concave ; il présente un culot au niveau duquel est ménagé un orifice 401, utilisé notamment pour la mise en place de l'élément occultant 100 et de la source lumineuse, et pour l'alimentation électrique de cette dernière. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'orifice 401 a une forme circulaire complétée par une échancrure, ladite échancrure étant surplombée au moins partiellement par un logement 402 destiné à recevoir et à maintenir l'occulteur 100. Le logement 402 est, dans l'exemple représenté, constitué d'une première paroi latérale 403 et d'une seconde paroi latérale 404, dont la hauteur est orientée parallèlement à l'axe optique du dispositif projecteur, l'axe optique étant la direction d'éclairage principal du dispositif considéré; les parois 403 et 404 comportent chacune une partie principale qui s'étendent parallèlement en direction de la partie circulaire de l'orifice 401, chaque partie principale étant complétée, au niveau de son extrémité la plus proche de ladite partie circulaire, par une partie complémentaire formant un retour perpendiculaire à la partie principale à laquelle elle est associée.The reflector shown is of curved shape; its
Les deux parois 403 et 404 sont ainsi symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à un plan comprenant l'axe optique du dispositif projecteur. Elles ne se rejoignent cependant pas, un espace étant préservé entre les deux parties complémentaires. La première paroi 403 et la seconde paroi 404 sont complétées respectivement par un premier plancher 405 et un second plancher 406, obstruant partiellement l'échancrure de l'orifice 401, mais en préservant une ouverture 407 qui est utilisée pour laisser passer la partie centrale 102 de l'occulteur 100. Les planchers 405 et 406, qui constituent une partie inférieure du logement 402, présentent notamment une face inférieure 408, visible à la figure 5, qui prolonge la face intérieure 700 du réflecteur, dans la mesure où la face inférieure 408 est visible quand le réflecteur est regardé de face.The two
Avantageusement, les parois et planchers qui constituent le logement 402, sont entièrement réalisés dans la face externe 400 du réflecteur. Ainsi, aucune opération de fixation du logement 402 sur le réflecteur n'est nécessaire. Le logement 402 est ainsi fabriqué au moment de l'opération de démoulage du réflecteur, dans un matériau identique à celui constituant le réflecteur, par exemple un matériau thermodurcissable. L'orientation des éléments constitutifs du logement 402 est telle que sa présence ne complique pas la fabrication du moule ; notamment, il n'est pas nécessaire d'introduire des tiroirs dans le moule utilisé.Advantageously, the walls and floors which constitute the
Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent le fait que l'occulteur 100 peut être amené de deux façons différentes dans la position montrée à la figure 8, qui correspond à l'occulteur 100, plié selon la représentation des figures 2 et 3, et placé dans le logement 402 avant une opération de verrouillage du pied de maintien 108. La première façon, montrée à la figure 7, consiste à faire passer l'occulteur 100 par l'intérieur du réflecteur ; dans un tel cas, c'est le pied de maintien 108 qui traverse l'orifice 401. La deuxième façon, montrée à la figure 6, consiste à faire passer l'occulteur 100 par l'extérieur du réflecteur; dans un tel cas, c'est la partie occultante 101 qui traverse l'orifice 401. Une tel choix de montage est rendu possible grâce notamment à l'absence de la couronne de fixation pour maintenir l'occulteur 100.FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the fact that the
Une fois l'occulteur 100 amené dans le logement 402, une opération de verrouillage intervient dans l'exemple représenté. Dans d'autres exemples selon l'invention, on prévoit des dimensions de pied de maintien et des positionnements des parois du logement 402 parfaitement adaptées pour qu'une introduction en force de l'occulteur - dont le pied de maintien est moins complexe que celui représenté sur les figures décrites- dans le logement 402 suffise afin de garantir une pression mécanique suffisante, entre lesdites parois et le pied de maintien, pour immobiliser l'occulteur 100.Once the
L'opération de verrouillage est illustrée aux figures 9 à 11. Elle consiste à poursuivre le mouvement de pliage 300 de la première languette 103 pour introduire l'ergot 110 de la clé de verrouillage 113 dans la fente d'accrochage 109 de la seconde languette 106. Une fois cette introduction réalisée, un appui sur la clé de verrouillage 113 entraîne une poursuite du mouvement de pliage 301 de la seconde languette 106 jusqu'à ce que la base 114, située à l'extrémité de la seconde languette 106, extrémité d'où partent les pattes de fixation 111 et 112, arrive en butée contre l'extrémité opposée de la seconde languette 106, ladite extrémité opposée constituant une zone plane reposant au moins partiellement sur les parois 403 et 404. Avantageusement, on prévoit qu'une telle mise en butée corresponde à une position horizontale de la clé de verrouillage 113. On obtient ainsi un point de compression maximal du pied de maintien 108, son écartement étant alors maximal. Un tel écartement garantit une pression mécanique suffisante, entre les parois du logement 402 et le pied de maintien 108, pour immobiliser l'occulteur 100, et pour le bloquer de façon suffisante pour qu'il ne bouge pas lors de l'apparition de phénomènes vibratoires. Le blocage latéral, c'est à dire selon des directions contenues dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe optique, de l'occulteur 100 est ainsi obtenu. Le blocage latéral est illustré par des flèches 302 et 303 visibles à la figure 10.The locking operation is illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11. It consists of continuing the
La poursuite du mouvement de pliage 301 de la seconde languette 106 jusqu'à l'arrivée en butée de la base 114 contre l'extrémité, du côté du flanc 105, de la seconde languette 106 provoque dans le même temps le passage des extrémités pliées 115 des pattes de fixation 111 et 112 sous les planchers 405 et 406 du logement 402. Les extrémités pliées 115 sont ainsi mises en appui sur la face inférieure 408 des planchers 405 et 406, assurant ainsi un blocage axial, c'est à dire parallèle à l'axe optique, de l'occulteur 100.The continuation of the
Claims (16)
- Headlight device for a motor vehicle, comprising:- a source of light;- a reflector element within which the source of light is disposed, the said reflector having a curved form which ends in a cap at the level of which an aperture (401) is provided, the headlight device comprising an occulting element (100) comprising an occulting part (101) which is placed within the reflector in order to intercept light signals emitted by the source of light, the occulting part being extended by a central part (102) which ends in a retention foot (108), the said retention foot being retained in a receptacle (402) which is provided on an outer surface (400) of the reflector at the level of the aperture, by means of mechanical pressure which is exerted between the walls (403; 404) of the receptacle and the retention foot, characterised in that the foot for retention of the occulting element consists of a first tongue (103) which is used as a locking key, and a second tongue (106) comprising a fastening slot (109) to receive the locking key.
- Headlight device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the occulting element is a piece in a single part.
- Headlight device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the aperture has a circular form completed by a cut-out opposite which the receptacle is provided.
- Headlight device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the receptacle comprises a lower part which has an opening (407) through which the central part of the occulting element passes.
- Headlight device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the second tongue ends in at least one securing lug (111; 112), each securing lug being folded back onto a lower surface (408) of the receptacle, extending an inner surface (700) of the reflector, in order to carry out axial locking of the occulting element on the reflector.
- Headlight device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the second securing tongue ends in a first securing lug (111) and a second securing lug (112).
- Headlight device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the first securing lug and the second securing lug are disposed on both sides of the central part of the occulting element, the first securing lug and the second securing lug joining at the level of a base (114) of the second securing tongue which is placed such as to abut a flat part of the second tongue, in order to retain the locking key in a horizontal position.
- Headlight device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the occulting element is made of Alusi (registered trade mark).
- Headlight device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the central part of the occulting element consists of a first flank (104) and a second flank (105), at least one of the flanks having a return (107) in order to strengthen the said central part.
- Headlight device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the first flank and the second flank are rendered integral by securing means.
- Motor vehicle equipped with a headlight device according to at least one of the preceding claims.
- Method for securing an occulting element (100) onto a headlight device, the said headlight comprising a source of light, a reflector element within which the source of light is disposed, the said reflector having a curved form which ends in a cap, at the level of which an aperture (401) is provided,
characterised in that it comprises the different steps consisting of:- providing on an outer surface (400) of the reflector, at the level of the aperture, a receptacle (402) which is designed to receive the occulting element;- installing the occulting element, comprising an occulting part (101) extended by a central part (102) which ends in a retention foot (108), within a headlight device, by locking the retention foot in the said receptacle, mechanical pressure exerted between walls (403; 404) of the receptacle and the retention foot assuring the locking of the occulting element. - Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that it comprises the additional step consisting, during the step of installation of the occulting element, of inserting a locking key (113) in a fastening slot (109) in order to give rise to lateral spacing of the retention foot so as to provide the mechanical pressure between the walls of the receptacle and the retention foot, the retention foot consisting of a first tongue (103) which forms the locking key, and of a second tongue (106) comprising in particular the fastening slot in which the locking key is inserted.
- Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that it comprises the step, during the step of insertion of the locking key in the fastening slot, consisting of folding back at least one securing lug (111; 112), which is situated at one end of the second tongue, onto a lower surface of the receptacle which extends an inner surface (700) of the reflector, in order to carry out axial locking of the occulting element.
- Method according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that it comprises the step, before the step of installation of the occulting element in the headlight device, consisting of positioning the retention foot opposite the receptacle, by passing the retention foot through the aperture provided in the reflector cap.
- Method according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that it comprises the step, before the step of installation of the occulting element in the headlight device, consisting of positioning the retention foot opposite the receptacle, by passing the occulting part through the aperture provided in the cap of the reflector.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0411948A FR2877712B1 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2004-11-09 | PROJECTOR DEVICE WITH OCCULTATION ELEMENT WITH INTEGRATED FASTENING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FIXING AN OCCULTATION MEMBER IN A PROJECTOR DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1655537A1 EP1655537A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
EP1655537B1 true EP1655537B1 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
Family
ID=34953092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20050292345 Not-in-force EP1655537B1 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-04 | Projector with a shroud element of an integrated fixing system and method of fixing a shroud element in a projector |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7341368B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1655537B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE376649T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005002997T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2294659T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2877712B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWM327967U (en) | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-01 | Tai Sol Electronics Co Ltd | LED illumination device |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2604132B1 (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1990-04-20 | Cibie Projecteurs | FIXING DEVICE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE LAMP |
US4747029A (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-05-24 | General Motors Corporation | Headlamp assembly |
US4882660A (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1989-11-21 | General Motors Corporation | Headlamp assembly |
DE19739114A1 (en) * | 1997-09-06 | 1999-03-11 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Headlights for vehicles |
JP3810927B2 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2006-08-16 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Vehicle lighting |
DE19846542C2 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-04-17 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Vehicle headlights with a homogeneous front view |
FR2807142B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2002-05-31 | Const Electromecaniques Thome | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A LAMP AND AN OCCULTER TO A MOTOR VEHICLE PROJECTOR REFLECTOR |
US6663264B2 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2003-12-16 | North American Lighting, Inc. | Lamp assembly with ventilation system |
-
2004
- 2004-11-09 FR FR0411948A patent/FR2877712B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-11-04 DE DE200560002997 patent/DE602005002997T2/en active Active
- 2005-11-04 ES ES05292345T patent/ES2294659T3/en active Active
- 2005-11-04 AT AT05292345T patent/ATE376649T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-04 EP EP20050292345 patent/EP1655537B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-11-08 US US11/270,384 patent/US7341368B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1655537A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
US20060098449A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
DE602005002997T2 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
DE602005002997D1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
FR2877712A1 (en) | 2006-05-12 |
US7341368B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
ATE376649T1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
ES2294659T3 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
FR2877712B1 (en) | 2007-04-13 |
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