EP1632624A2 - Lock with anti-torque security device - Google Patents
Lock with anti-torque security device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1632624A2 EP1632624A2 EP05107951A EP05107951A EP1632624A2 EP 1632624 A2 EP1632624 A2 EP 1632624A2 EP 05107951 A EP05107951 A EP 05107951A EP 05107951 A EP05107951 A EP 05107951A EP 1632624 A2 EP1632624 A2 EP 1632624A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- distal end
- bush
- lock
- teeth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/0054—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed
- E05B17/0062—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed with destructive disengagement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/04—Devices for coupling the turning cylinder of a single or a double cylinder lock with the bolt operating member
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B9/00—Lock casings or latch-mechanism casings ; Fastening locks or fasteners or parts thereof to the wing
- E05B9/04—Casings of cylinder locks
- E05B2009/047—Means for returning cylinder locks to their neutral position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B9/00—Lock casings or latch-mechanism casings ; Fastening locks or fasteners or parts thereof to the wing
- E05B9/04—Casings of cylinder locks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lock, particularly for a motor vehicle door.
- this lock comprises:
- the interference existing in a circumferential direction between these teeth reduces or preferably eliminates the possibility of the cylinder being rotated about the axis of the cavity of the bush, when the cylinder, as normally happens in break-ins, is forced axially inwards.
- This interference therefore makes impossible to forcibly turn the cylinder, when acting from the outside, and thus to move the bolt operating member without authorization.
- the lock to which the anti-torque security device of the present invention is fitted may also have other security devices, e.g. of the type in which, during attempted break-ins, a component is expelled in a radial direction in such a way as to break the continuity of the mechanism for transmitting movement from the proximal end of the cylinder to the bolt.
- the level of security of the lock is greatly enhanced.
- the anti-torque security device of the present invention can also be used as a single security device for a lock.
- a lock particularly for a motor vehicle door, comprises (Figs. 1 and 2) a fixed bush 10 with a sleeve 11 attached to its distal end like an extension.
- the bush 10 defines internally a cylindrical cavity 12 about whose axis 14 there rotates a cylinder 16 which is fitted with a restoring spring 18 and has a first weakened cross section 20 and a second weakened section 22 close to its proximal and distal ends respectively.
- a slot 24 Around a circumferential section of the proximal portion of the bush 10 is a slot 24 able to house cylinder 16 retention means in the form of an inverted U-shaped spring 26.
- the spring 26 prevents, in normal operation of the lock, translational movement of the cylinder 16 in an axial direction, once the cylinder has been inserted into the cavity 12.
- the cylinder 16 is able to turn about the axis 14 when the appropriate key is inserted into the keyway.
- the lock also includes an operating member 28 for operating a bolt (which in itself is conventional and not illustrated in the figures), which member 28 is controlled by a nose 30 that protrudes from the distal end of the cylinder 16 and passes through a central opening defined by an annular flange 32 located at the distal end of the bush 10.
- the operating member 28 is also acted upon by springs 34 which react against a fixed surface of the sleeve 11.
- teeth 36, 38 There protrude from the facing surfaces of the distal end of the cylinder 16 and of the annular flange 32 (Figs. 3 and 4) respective pluralities of circumferentially spaced teeth 36, 38.
- the teeth 36, 38 of each plurality are staggered with respect to those 38, 36 of the other plurality - as will be described in more detail later - in such a way that movement of the cylinder 16 towards the distal end of the bush 10 causes, due to the interlocking of the teeth 36, 38, the formation of a continuous annular structure.
- the nose 30 of the cylinder 16 has, at its distal end, an enlarged portion 40 which is followed by, when proceeding towards the proximal end, a portion 42 whose cross section is smaller than that of the enlarged portion 40 and therefore recessed compared with the latter.
- the portion 40 is of polygonal, in particular rectangular section and is engaged in a slot 44 of complementary shape formed in a plate 46 integral with the operating member 28, so as to transmit a torque.
- the distal portion 52 of the cylinder 16 still inside the bush 10 is therefore irreversibly locked inside it and cannot be returned to its original position in which it turns freely.
- the portions of narrower cross section 42 of the nose 30 of the cylinder 16 could be circular so that no torque can be transmitted once it is in the slot 44 of the plate 46 integral with the operating member 28 following an attempted break-in.
- This detail further enhances the locks' security because, even in the hypothetical event that the thief manages to turn the cylinder 16 by overcoming the resistance presented by the interlocking of the teeth 36, 38, the circular-section portion 42 of the nose 30 would rotate idly inside the slot 44 and could not therefore produce any movement in the operating member 28.
Landscapes
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a lock, particularly for a motor vehicle door.
- In more detail, this lock comprises:
- a fixed bush that defines a cylindrical cavity in which a cylinder rotates about the axis of the cavity, and
- a bolt operating member controlled by a nose that protrudes from the distal end of the said cylinder, passing through a central opening defined by an annular flange located at the distal end of the said bush.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a lock of the type indicated above capable of offering good resistance to attempts to break in by exerting torsional forces on the rotating cylinder.
- This object is achieved with a lock of the type indicated at the beginning of this description and characterized in that at least one respective axially extending tooth protrudes from the facing surfaces of the distal end of the cylinder and of the annular flange, the said teeth being able to interfere with each other and thus prevent the cylinder rotating when the said cylinder is pushed towards the distal end of the bush.
- According to the invention, the interference existing in a circumferential direction between these teeth reduces or preferably eliminates the possibility of the cylinder being rotated about the axis of the cavity of the bush, when the cylinder, as normally happens in break-ins, is forced axially inwards. This interference therefore makes impossible to forcibly turn the cylinder, when acting from the outside, and thus to move the bolt operating member without authorization.
- Advantageously, the lock to which the anti-torque security device of the present invention is fitted may also have other security devices, e.g. of the type in which, during attempted break-ins, a component is expelled in a radial direction in such a way as to break the continuity of the mechanism for transmitting movement from the proximal end of the cylinder to the bolt. In this case the level of security of the lock is greatly enhanced. It is nonetheless obvious that the anti-torque security device of the present invention can also be used as a single security device for a lock.
- Other advantages and features of the present invention will become clear in the course of the following detailed description provided by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the main components of a lock of the invention,
- Figure 2 is a view in longitudinal section of the lock from Figure 1 in the normal operating configuration,
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of one particular component of the lock from the previous figures,
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of another particular component of the lock from the previous figures,
- Figure 5 is a view in longitudinal section of the lock from the previous figures during the first phase of an attempted break-in,
- Figure 6 is a view in longitudinal section of the lock from the previous figures during a subsequent phase in an attempted break-in,
- Figure 7 is an end view of the lock in the configuration illustrated in Figure 6, and
- Figure 8 is a view in longitudinal section of the lock from the previous figures during a still later stage in an attempted break-in.
- A lock, particularly for a motor vehicle door, comprises (Figs. 1 and 2) a
fixed bush 10 with asleeve 11 attached to its distal end like an extension. Thebush 10 defines internally acylindrical cavity 12 about whoseaxis 14 there rotates acylinder 16 which is fitted with a restoringspring 18 and has a first weakenedcross section 20 and a second weakenedsection 22 close to its proximal and distal ends respectively. Around a circumferential section of the proximal portion of thebush 10 is aslot 24 able to housecylinder 16 retention means in the form of an invertedU-shaped spring 26. Thespring 26 prevents, in normal operation of the lock, translational movement of thecylinder 16 in an axial direction, once the cylinder has been inserted into thecavity 12. - The
cylinder 16 is able to turn about theaxis 14 when the appropriate key is inserted into the keyway. These characteristics of operation and the associated structural features are well known to those skilled in the art and have no significant influence on the present invention, so are not described in detail. - The lock also includes an
operating member 28 for operating a bolt (which in itself is conventional and not illustrated in the figures), whichmember 28 is controlled by anose 30 that protrudes from the distal end of thecylinder 16 and passes through a central opening defined by anannular flange 32 located at the distal end of thebush 10. The operatingmember 28 is also acted upon bysprings 34 which react against a fixed surface of thesleeve 11. - There protrude from the facing surfaces of the distal end of the
cylinder 16 and of the annular flange 32 (Figs. 3 and 4) respective pluralities of circumferentially spacedteeth teeth cylinder 16 towards the distal end of thebush 10 causes, due to the interlocking of theteeth - The
nose 30 of thecylinder 16 has, at its distal end, an enlargedportion 40 which is followed by, when proceeding towards the proximal end, aportion 42 whose cross section is smaller than that of the enlargedportion 40 and therefore recessed compared with the latter. In outline, theportion 40 is of polygonal, in particular rectangular section and is engaged in aslot 44 of complementary shape formed in aplate 46 integral with theoperating member 28, so as to transmit a torque. - During normal operation of the lock (Fig. 2), the
teeth cylinder 16 and of theannular flange 32 are axially disengaged. This means that when the key is inserted into the keyway, thecylinder 16 can turn freely and control, owing to the engagement existing between the enlargedportion 40 on the distal end of thenose 30 and theslot 44, the movement of thebolt operating member 28. - When a thief attempts to break in, the weakened
first section 20 of thecylinder 16 is broken first of all (Fig. 5), causing detachment of theproximal part 48 which then has to be extracted to allow access to the remaining part. The thief, typically plying his trade with a tool such as a screwdriver or the like, will then push the remaining part of thecylinder 16 into thebush 10. This movement (Figs. 6 and 7) has the effect of causing theteeth cylinder 16 and of theannular flange 32 to interlock with each other and form a continuous annular structure. The same movement also causes the enlargedportion 40 on the distal end of thenose 30 to pass out of theslot 44 in theplate 46, which slot now receives the narrower-sectionedportion 42 of the distal end of thenose 30, causing the longitudinal axes of thenose 30 and of theslot 44 to come apart as theoperating member 28 is moved by the action of the springs 34 (see Fig. 1). - Since the
teeth cylinder 16 inside thebush 10 are in vane and result at the most in breaking (Fig. 8) the second weakenedsection 22 of thecylinder 16, causing anotherpart 50 of it to come away. At this point, the thief, frustrated in its efforts to turn the remaining distal portion 52 of thecylinder 16 inside thebush 10, may try to move it translationally backwards to overcome the existing engagement between the two series ofteeth nose 30 and in particular its enlargedportion 40 are no longer coaxial with theslot 44, so that theportion 40 abuts against theplate 46 via its radially extendingsurface 54 which is turned towards thisplate 46. - The distal portion 52 of the
cylinder 16 still inside thebush 10 is therefore irreversibly locked inside it and cannot be returned to its original position in which it turns freely. - Clearly, without affecting the principle of the invention, the details of construction and the embodiments can be altered considerably from those described purely by way of example, without thereby departing from its scope. In particular, the portion of
narrower cross section 42 of thenose 30 of thecylinder 16 could be circular so that no torque can be transmitted once it is in theslot 44 of theplate 46 integral with theoperating member 28 following an attempted break-in. This detail further enhances the locks' security because, even in the hypothetical event that the thief manages to turn thecylinder 16 by overcoming the resistance presented by the interlocking of theteeth section portion 42 of thenose 30 would rotate idly inside theslot 44 and could not therefore produce any movement in theoperating member 28.
Claims (5)
- Lock, particularly for a motor vehicle door, comprising:- a fixed bush (10) that defines a cylindrical cavity (12) in which a cylinder (16) rotates about the axis (14) of the cavity (12), and- a bolt operating member (28) controlled by a nose (30) that protrudes from the distal end of the said cylinder (16), passing through a central opening defined by an annular flange (32) located at the distal end of the said bush (10),the said lock being characterized in that at least one respective axially extending tooth (36, 38) protrudes from the facing surfaces of the distal end of the cylinder (16) and of the annular flange (32), the said teeth (36, 38) being able to interfere with each other and thus prevent the cylinder (16) rotating when the said cylinder (16) is pushed towards the distal end of the bush (10).
- Lock according to Claim 1, characterized in that respective pluralities of circumferentially spaced teeth (36, 38) protrude from the adjacent surfaces of the distal end of the cylinder (16) and of the annular flange (32), the teeth (36, 38) of each plurality being staggered with respect to those (38, 36) of the other plurality in such a way that movement of the cylinder (16) towards the distal end of the bush (10) causes, due to the interlocking of the said teeth (36, 38), the formation of a continuous annular structure.
- Lock according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said cylinder (16) has a first weakened cross section (20) and a second weakened cross section (22) near its proximal and distal ends, respectively.
- Lock according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said nose (30) has, at its distal end, an enlarged portion (40) which in outline is of polygonal section, and is engaged, in the normal condition of operation, in a slot (44) of complementary shape formed in a plate (46) integral with the operating member (28), so as to transmit a torque.
- Lock according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said nose (30) has, immediately after the said enlarged portion (40) when proceeding towards the proximal end, a circular-section portion (42) that is recessed compared with the enlarged portion (40), the said recessed portion (42) being able, when the cylinder (16) is pushed towards the distal end of the bush (10), to enter the said slot (44), in which it can turn freely without transmitting any torque.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO20040584 ITTO20040584A1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | LOCK WITH ANTI-TORSION SAFETY DEVICE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1632624A2 true EP1632624A2 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
EP1632624A3 EP1632624A3 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
EP1632624B1 EP1632624B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
Family
ID=35045313
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05107951A Expired - Fee Related EP1632624B1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-08-31 | Lock with anti-torque security device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1632624B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005015170D1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO20040584A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT501753B1 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2006-11-15 | Evva Werke | SAFETY DEVICE FOR LOCKS |
ITTO20080709A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-03-30 | Giobert Spa | SAFETY LOCK. |
WO2012138534A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Mul-T-Lock Technologies Ltd. | Anti-snap cylinder lock assembly |
EP3002395A1 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-04-06 | U-Shin France SAS | Lock cylinder for a lock mechanism of a motor vehicle |
EP3006651A4 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2017-03-08 | Alpha Corporation | Cylinder lock |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004434A (en) * | 1934-11-05 | 1935-06-11 | Briggs & Stratton Corp | Lock |
DE2748408A1 (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1979-05-03 | Daimler Benz Ag | CYLINDER LOCK, ESPECIALLY FOR VEHICLES |
EP0514232A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Fichet Bauche | Security device for the interlocking of the rotor in case of deformation and lock with such a device |
-
2004
- 2004-09-03 IT ITTO20040584 patent/ITTO20040584A1/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-08-31 EP EP05107951A patent/EP1632624B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-31 DE DE602005015170T patent/DE602005015170D1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004434A (en) * | 1934-11-05 | 1935-06-11 | Briggs & Stratton Corp | Lock |
DE2748408A1 (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1979-05-03 | Daimler Benz Ag | CYLINDER LOCK, ESPECIALLY FOR VEHICLES |
EP0514232A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Fichet Bauche | Security device for the interlocking of the rotor in case of deformation and lock with such a device |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT501753B1 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2006-11-15 | Evva Werke | SAFETY DEVICE FOR LOCKS |
ITTO20080709A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-03-30 | Giobert Spa | SAFETY LOCK. |
EP2169151A1 (en) | 2008-09-29 | 2010-03-31 | Giobert S.p.A. | Safety lock |
WO2012138534A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Mul-T-Lock Technologies Ltd. | Anti-snap cylinder lock assembly |
EP3006651A4 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2017-03-08 | Alpha Corporation | Cylinder lock |
RU2632282C2 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2017-10-03 | Альфа Корпорейшн | Cylinder lock |
EP3002395A1 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-04-06 | U-Shin France SAS | Lock cylinder for a lock mechanism of a motor vehicle |
FR3026768A1 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-04-08 | U-Shin France | LATCH FOR LOCK MECHANISM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1632624A3 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
ITTO20040584A1 (en) | 2004-12-03 |
EP1632624B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
DE602005015170D1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6978645B2 (en) | Freewheeling lock apparatus and method | |
US6711924B2 (en) | Freewheeling lock apparatus and method | |
RU2528156C2 (en) | Lock mechanism | |
EP2494129B1 (en) | Lock mechanism | |
EP1632624B1 (en) | Lock with anti-torque security device | |
US4222253A (en) | Steering lock for motor vehicles | |
US8220299B2 (en) | Lock assembly | |
CN1075588C (en) | Locking device containing cylinder lock with main execution locking function for vehicle | |
US4947664A (en) | Lock cylinder | |
CN110536994A (en) | Reversible clutch mortice lock | |
WO1988001333A1 (en) | Lock protector | |
US4233913A (en) | Safe door | |
EP3733999A1 (en) | A dual cylinder lock arrangement | |
EP0049050B1 (en) | Cylinder lock | |
EP1149220B1 (en) | Cylinder lock arrangement | |
EP0640733B1 (en) | Securing a lock barrel to a vehicle door | |
GB1581095A (en) | Lock with two key-receiving members | |
EP2169151B1 (en) | Safety lock | |
US20220213715A1 (en) | Cylinder Lock With Improved Strength | |
CN220434465U (en) | Cylinder lock | |
JP2906185B2 (en) | Cylinder lock | |
WO2021251895A1 (en) | Adapter for a locking device, and locking assembly comprising an adapter and a locking device | |
GB2353322A (en) | Connecting a rotary shaft of a door locking system to a door latch | |
MXPA01004091A (en) | Lock assembly with over-torque defense system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20071106 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20071213 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: GIOBERT S.P.A. |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 602005015170 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20090813 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20100406 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20190830 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20190830 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20190821 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602005015170 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20200831 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200831 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210302 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200831 |