EP1375794A2 - Dispositif de verrouillage d'inertie - Google Patents

Dispositif de verrouillage d'inertie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1375794A2
EP1375794A2 EP03254052A EP03254052A EP1375794A2 EP 1375794 A2 EP1375794 A2 EP 1375794A2 EP 03254052 A EP03254052 A EP 03254052A EP 03254052 A EP03254052 A EP 03254052A EP 1375794 A2 EP1375794 A2 EP 1375794A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking mechanism
mechanism according
inertia locking
inertia
latch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03254052A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1375794A3 (fr
Inventor
Stephen Drysdale
Keith Sanders
Glenn Cotter
Jagjit Golar
Morten Ketelsen
Nigel Spurr
Gurbinder Kalsi
Peter Coleman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Body Systems USA LLC
Original Assignee
ArvinMeritor Light Vehicle Systems UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArvinMeritor Light Vehicle Systems UK Ltd filed Critical ArvinMeritor Light Vehicle Systems UK Ltd
Publication of EP1375794A2 publication Critical patent/EP1375794A2/fr
Publication of EP1375794A3 publication Critical patent/EP1375794A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B77/00Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes
    • E05B77/02Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes for accident situations
    • E05B77/12Automatic locking or unlocking at the moment of collision
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B77/00Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes
    • E05B77/02Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes for accident situations
    • E05B77/04Preventing unwanted lock actuation, e.g. unlatching, at the moment of collision
    • E05B77/06Preventing unwanted lock actuation, e.g. unlatching, at the moment of collision by means of inertial forces
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/14Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators operating on bolt detents, e.g. for unlatching the bolt
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10S292/22Inertia operated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/03Miscellaneous
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043Swinging
    • Y10T292/1044Multiple head
    • Y10T292/1045Operating means
    • Y10T292/1047Closure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inertia locking mechanism. More particularly, the present invention relates to an inertia locking mechanism for a vehicle operable in response to vehicle acceleration or deceleration to prevent unwanted unlatching of a vehicle door latch.
  • vehicle passenger doors may deform. This deformation may cause components in the linkage from an inside or outside door handle to change their relative positions. This potentially results in an unwanted unlatching of the latch due to, for example, the linkage stretching and thus moving a release lever of the latch. In such a crash or impact situation, unlatching of vehicle passenger doors is undesirable because the latched doors provide a large proportion of the structural integrity of the vehicle, whereas unlatched doors do not. Additionally, the unlatching of a door during an impact increases the risk of vehicle occupants being thrown from the vehicle, leading to an increased risk of injury.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome, or at least mitigate the problems of the prior art.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides an inertia locking mechanism for a vehicle door latch, the mechanism comprising a transmission path normally operable by a door handle to release a latch bolt of a vehicle door latch, the transmission path comprising a component that causes a break in the transmission path in the event that a vehicle undergoes acceleration above a predetermined level.
  • a latch 11 is mounted to a vehicle side passenger door 90 at the intersection of a shut face 91 (at the door trailing edge) and inside face 92 thereof. A portion of the door is cut away to provide an opening 93 spanning the intersection, the opening being capable of receiving a striker (not shown) mounted to a fixed portion of the vehicle such as a door pillar (not shown).
  • a similarly dimensioned opening 94 is also provided in a chassis 12 of the latch 11.
  • An outside release lever 14 of the latch 11 is connected to an outside handle 20 of the door 90 by a linkage 21.
  • a latch bolt in the form of a rotatable claw 95 (also partially visible in Figure 15) is pivotally mounted to an inner face of the of a chassis 12 by a pivot pin, and is arranged to receive the striker in a mouth 96 thereof.
  • the claw 95 is shown in a released state.
  • the claw 95 is biased into an open position by resilient means such as a spring (not shown).
  • the claw 95 may be retained by a latch pawl 97 by engagement of a pawl tooth 97a thereof with either a first safety abutment 95a or fully latched abutment 95b on a periphery of the claw 95.
  • the latching pawl 97 is pivotally mounted about a second pivot pin 89 and is resiliently biased by a spring 98 into contact with the claw 95, as is known.
  • a cover plate 99 has been placed on the latch so as to partially obscure claw 95 and totally obscure the latch 97 pawl.
  • the cover plate 99 further shrouds mouth 20 of the retention plate 22 so as to minimise the ingress of dirt etc. into the latch 11 via the mouth.
  • An outside actuating lever 56 is pivotably connected to a release link connector 88 by a pin.
  • Connector 88 extends from a pawl lifter (not shown).
  • the pawl lifter rotates about pin 89 and has a lost motion connection to the pawl 97 to be capable of disengaging the pawl from the claw 95.
  • Inside actuating lever 87 is similarly connected to the pawl lifter.
  • the pawl lifter and connector 88 rotate together about pin 89.
  • the pawl lifter is biased in a clockwise direction by a spring (not shown). Rotation of a main lock lever 86 in a clockwise direction causes actuating levers 56 and 87 to rotate clockwise by the action of a cam portion (not visible) of link 86 to move to a locked position.
  • Actuating levers 56 and 87 are biased in an anti-clockwise direction by a spring (not shown) so that when the main lock lever 86 returns to the unlock position, the links 56 and 87 also return to their unlocked position.
  • a mechanism of the latch 11 indicated generally at 10 comprises a number of latch components mounted to another portion of latch chassis 12 to that visible in Figure 15.
  • the mechanism is positioned on top of the cover plate 99 so as to be capable of actuating lever 56.
  • the components comprise the release lever 14 pivotally mounted to the chassis 12 by pin 16 at one end and further having a slotted aperture 18 at its other end for connection to the outside door handle (illustrated schematically at 20 in Figure 1).
  • a limb 22 extends from one side of release lever 14 and has pivotally mounted thereon a catch 24 having a tooth 26.
  • the catch 24 is pivotally mounted about pin 28 and is biased in a clockwise direction as shown in Figure 1.
  • a ramp surface 30 is secured to tooth 26 and projects into the paper when viewed in Figure 1.
  • An inertia pawl 32 is pivotally mounted to release lever 14 via pin 34 positioned intermediate pin 16 and aperture 18.
  • the inertia pawl 32 is biased in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the pawl comprises a pawl tooth 36 arranged to engage tooth 26 of catch 24 via an end surface 38 of the pawl and an inner surface 40 of catch tooth 26.
  • Pawl tooth 36 further comprises an inner surface 42 and catch tooth 26 further comprises an end surface 44.
  • a fixed projection 46 extends from the chassis 12 and is positioned so as to engage ramp 30 during pivoting motion of the release lever 14, as will be discussed in further detail below.
  • a transmission lever 48 is further pivotally mounted to pin 34 on release lever 14.
  • the transmission lever is rotationally fast with pawl 32 and is therefore also biased in an anti-clockwise direction by biasing means such as tension spring 50.
  • An abutment surface 52 is provided at the end of lever 48 remote from pin 34 such that in normal operation the abutment surface may contact a corresponding abutment surface 54 of an actuating lever 56, when the actuating lever is in an unlocked position as shown in Figure 17. It will be appreciated that when fitted to the trailing edge of a vehicle side passenger door as shown in Figure 1, the pivotal axis of transmission lever 48 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal (i.e. front to rear) axis of the vehicle and vehicle door and the axis about which claw 95 and latch pawl 97 rotate.
  • a projection 58 is provided on one face of transmission lever and fits in a slot or recess 60 provided in chassis 12.
  • projection 58 may slide along a linear slot portion 60a, arranged to extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of transmission lever 48.
  • the projection is, of course, biased towards the upper surface of slot portion 60a by spring 50.
  • projection 58 may also move along arcuate slot portion 60b as transmission lever 48 pivots about pin 34 to come to rest in the position shown in Figure 2. Thereafter, projection 58 may move to the positions shown in Figures 4 and 5 so as to come to rest along the abutment surface 62 which extends substantially parallel to slot portion 60a. It should be noted that with pin 58 at rest along abutment surface 62, abutment surface 52 of the transmission lever 48 cannot contact abutment surface 54 of actuating lever 56.
  • the latch Under normal operating conditions starting with the latch in a latched, unlocked condition, the latch operates as follows:
  • a subsequent pull on the outside door handle then enables the latch mechanism 10 to be released in the normal way, with abutment surface 52 contacting abutment surface 56.
  • This resetting feature of the transmission linkage enables the latch to be continue to be used in the normal way after an impact. In particular, it enables the door to be opened to enable emergency personnel to enter the vehicle in the event that the vehicle occupants are injured in the impact (assuming that this is not prevented by excessive deformation of the door to which the latch is fitted).
  • the inertia body 170 is resiliently biased in an anti-clockwise direction and is shown in its rest position in Figure 6.
  • An upper surface 176 of the body 170 defines, together with the upper surface of slot 160 what is effectively an elongate slot portion 160a equivalent to slot portion 60a of the first embodiment.
  • projection 158 tends to contact surface 176 of the inertia body 170 during movement along slot portion 160a.
  • Inertia body 170 further comprises an inertia mass portion 174 remote from pin 172.
  • inertia body 170 is caused to pivot about pin 172 in a clockwise direction relative to the remainder of the latch. This occurs due to the tendency of the inertia mass portion 174 to remain stationary in the transverse direction, whilst the rest of the vehicle accelerates. In the rest position the spatial relationship between surface 176, projection 158, pin 172 and the slot 160 is such that the inertia mass may rotate without fouling on the projection 158.
  • the transmission lever rotates in a clockwise direction X under the influence of spring 150 to come to rest in the position shown in Figure 7.
  • inertia mass 170 rotates anti-clockwise to return to its rest position under the influence of its biasing.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 illustrate a third embodiment of the present invention in which like parts have again been designated by like numerals, but with the addition of the prefix "2". Again, only the differences between this embodiment and the first two embodiments are discussed in detail.
  • the inertia body 270 is caused to rotate in a clockwise direction in a similar manner to the body 170 of second embodiment. This causes projection 258 to leave notch 280 and slide in a direction of X 2 to attain the position shown in Figure 11.
  • the projection is maintained in this position due to an equilibrium of the anti-clockwise biasing force acting on release lever 214, clockwise biasing force acting on the transmission lever 248 due to spring 250, the anti-clockwise biasing force acting on the inertia body 274 due to torsion spring 284, and the frictional resistance between projection 258 and surface 282 of body 270.
  • a subsequent pull on outside door handle 220 causes inertia member 270 to rotate in a clockwise direction until the frictional resistance between projection 148 and surface 282 and the biasing force of spring 250 is overcome, so that the projection slides back into notch 280.
  • abutment surface 252 misses abutment surface 254. Only once the outside door handle is released, to return transmission linkage back to the rest position shown in Figure 10 will a further pull on outside door handle lead to the unlatching of the latch 210.
  • FIGS 12, 13 and 14 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the present invention in which like parts have been designated by like numerals, but with the addition of the prefix "3". Only differences between this embodiment and the preceding embodiments are discussed in detail.
  • slot 360 has a U-shaped configuration with spaced substantially parallel linear slot portions 360a and 362 joined by a transverse slot portion 360b.
  • the slot configuration is similar to that of the first embodiment except that the transverse portion 360b is angled towards linear slot portion 362 so as to promote pin 358 entering portion 362 if arm 348 pivots from its rest position.
  • the pawl and catch mechanism of the first embodiment is dispensed with.
  • lever 348 pivots clockwise in portion 360b of the slot as shown in Figure 13. If there is a simultaneous or near-simultaneous deformation of the door at this point which causes release lever 314 to pivot anti-clockwise, pin 358 slides in slot portion 362 as shown in Figure 14 such that the end 352 of lever 348 misses abutment surface 354 of actuating lever 356, preventing the latch from releasing.
  • lever 314 normally returns to its rest position, freeing pin 358 and transmission lever 348 to pivot anti-clockwise back to the rest position shown in Figure 12, so that subsequent pulls on the outside door handle 320 will release the latch.
  • FIG. 14A A fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 14A which is the same as the fourth embodiment except that second linear slot 362 is omitted.
  • lever 448 pivots clockwise.
  • any pivoting of release lever 414 is blocked by abutment surface 463, also ensuring that the latch is not released.
  • Figure 14A shows the actuating lever in a locked position at which inertia lever 448 is incapable of contacting surface 454 to release the latch.
  • Figure 18 illustrates an electrically operated variant of the inertia locking mechanism located in a vehicle 501.
  • Like numerals have, where possible, been used for equivalent components, but with the addition of the prefix "5".
  • Vehicle 501 includes a battery 504 and an emergency power source 505, either of which may power controller 503, which is preferably a microprocessor controller, via a resistor 506.
  • the battery 504 and emergency power source 505 are also capable of powering a motor 502 of latch 511 via power circuit 508 a relay 507 to lift pawl 597 and thus release a latch bolt (not shown) of the latch.
  • the controller 503 is connected to the transistor or relay 507 by a signal path 521.
  • the controller 503 determines the locked state of the latch in response to inputs from, for example, remote keyless entry devices, key barrels, or door sill buttons (not shown).
  • a normally open switch 520 is provided that is connected to the door outside handles, such that pulling on the handle closes the switch.
  • the signal circuit 521 further comprises an accelerometer type switch 548 that is normally closed, but which opens when the vehicle is subjected to a transverse acceleration above a predetermined threshold value.
  • the accelerometer 548 may be in the form of a ball-in-tube type device or any other known suitable means of breaking an electrical circuit in response to acceleration above a predetermined level.
  • the accelerometer 548 may be incorporated into the latch or may alternatively be provided at any other suitable location on signal circuit 521 or power transmission circuit 508. In other embodiments, the accelerometer may provide an input into controller 503.
  • the accelerometer which is normally closed breaks the signal circuit 521, thus preventing a "high" signal reaching relay 507, meaning that the motor 502 cannot be powered to lift the pawl 597 and release the latch (irrespective of the locked condition of latch 511).
  • the accelerometer 548 may return to its normally closed position thus enabling the latch 511 to be released by operation of outside handle 520 (if unlocked).
  • the inertia locking system of the sixth embodiment may be combined with one of the mechanical inertia locking mechanisms of any of the first to the fifth embodiments to ensure that unwanted unlatching may not occur either electrically or mechanically in the event of an impact.
  • lever 48, 348, 448 or inertia body 170, 270 may be adjusted according to the particular characteristics required by altering the mass or length of the lever arm.
  • Interchangeable masses may be attached to the lever 48, 348, 448 or inertia body 170, 270 to achieve this.
  • components may be provided to block the transmission path, rather than provide a break.
  • a similar arrangement may be used to provide such a block or break in the transmission path from the inside door handle to the latch bolt, although in normal circumstances it is less likely for deformations of the door in an impact to cause unlatching by virtue of the movement of the inside door handle relative to the latch mechanism. In certain circumstances it may not be necessary for the mechanism to be resettable.

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  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
EP03254052A 2002-06-27 2003-06-26 Dispositif de verrouillage d'inertie Withdrawn EP1375794A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0214817.9A GB0214817D0 (en) 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 Door latch mechanism
GB0214817 2002-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1375794A2 true EP1375794A2 (fr) 2004-01-02
EP1375794A3 EP1375794A3 (fr) 2004-07-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03254052A Withdrawn EP1375794A3 (fr) 2002-06-27 2003-06-26 Dispositif de verrouillage d'inertie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6971688B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1375794A3 (fr)
CN (1) CN1495330A (fr)
GB (1) GB0214817D0 (fr)

Cited By (23)

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DE112010004028T5 (de) 2009-07-22 2013-01-24 Ansei Corp. Fahrzeugtür-verriegelungsvorrichtung
US8408612B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2013-04-02 Intier Automotive Closures Inc Rotary locking mechanism for outside vehicle door handle
EP2248972A3 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2013-10-23 Magna Closures SpA Dispositif de fermeture avec un élément d'inertie
EP2728093A1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2014-05-07 Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst GmbH & Co. KG Système de sécurité doté d'un capteur de détection d'accident
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DE102014014619A1 (de) 2014-09-25 2016-04-14 Kiekert Aktiengesellschaft Betätigungseinrichtung für ein Kraffahrzeugschloss
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DE102015001318A1 (de) 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Kiekert Aktiengesellschaft Betätigungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeugschloss
DE102015001906A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 Kiekert Aktiengesellschaft Betätigungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeugschloss
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US9631404B2 (en) 2011-09-27 2017-04-25 Ansei Corporation Vehicle door lock apparatus
EP3187367A1 (fr) * 2015-10-13 2017-07-05 Windsor Machine and Stamping 2009 Ltd Accoudoir verrouillable
WO2017157359A1 (fr) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Kiekert Ag Dispositif d'actionnement pour serrure de véhicule à moteur
WO2018075306A1 (fr) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-26 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Agencement pour actionner un composant d'un véhicule
WO2019002928A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Kiekert Ag Système de verrouillage de véhicule à moteur avec dispositif de blocage pyrotechnique
WO2019144991A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Kiekert Ag Système de fermeture pour véhicule automobile, muni d'un verrouillage en cas de collision
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JP6007745B2 (ja) * 2012-11-20 2016-10-12 アイシン精機株式会社 ドア駆動装置
DE102012025053A1 (de) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG Kraftfahrzeugschloss
DE102013203808A1 (de) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-11 Kiekert Ag Schloss für ein Kraftfahrzeug
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CN203846892U (zh) * 2013-04-23 2014-09-24 三井金属爱科特株式会社 车辆用门锁装置
US10508475B2 (en) * 2013-07-24 2019-12-17 Brose Schliesssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Motor vehicle lock
KR101428410B1 (ko) * 2013-08-14 2014-09-23 현대자동차주식회사 트럭의 도어 록킹장치
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DE102015002053A1 (de) * 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Magna Closures Inc. Schloss für eine Tür eines Kraftfahrzeugs
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US10072448B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2018-09-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle door handle
DE102015112500A1 (de) * 2014-09-30 2016-03-31 BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG Kraftfahrzeugschloss
US10024083B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle door latch with inertial lock
US10240370B2 (en) 2015-04-03 2019-03-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle door latch with release linkage bypass device
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WO2016131443A1 (fr) 2015-02-18 2016-08-25 Kiekert Ag Dispositif d'actionnement pour serrure de véhicule à moteur
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WO2017037182A1 (fr) * 2015-09-02 2017-03-09 Zodiac Seats France Système de verrouillage par inertie d'un équipement amovible utilisé dans un aéronef
EP3187367A1 (fr) * 2015-10-13 2017-07-05 Windsor Machine and Stamping 2009 Ltd Accoudoir verrouillable
US10112510B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2018-10-30 Windsor Machine and Stamping (2009) Ltd. Lockable armrest
WO2017157359A1 (fr) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Kiekert Ag Dispositif d'actionnement pour serrure de véhicule à moteur
WO2018075306A1 (fr) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-26 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Agencement pour actionner un composant d'un véhicule
CN110073069A (zh) * 2016-10-18 2019-07-30 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 用于驱动车辆部件的装置
CN110073069B (zh) * 2016-10-18 2021-10-29 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 用于驱动车辆部件的装置
WO2019002928A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Kiekert Ag Système de verrouillage de véhicule à moteur avec dispositif de blocage pyrotechnique
WO2019144991A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Kiekert Ag Système de fermeture pour véhicule automobile, muni d'un verrouillage en cas de collision
US20210246692A1 (en) * 2018-07-05 2021-08-12 Kiekert Ag Lock for a motor vehicle

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US7198307B2 (en) 2007-04-03
CN1495330A (zh) 2004-05-12
US20040046400A1 (en) 2004-03-11
US6971688B2 (en) 2005-12-06
GB0214817D0 (en) 2002-08-07
US20060103138A1 (en) 2006-05-18
EP1375794A3 (fr) 2004-07-21

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