EP1240434A1 - Blade of a centrifuge machine and method for regulating the performance of said blade - Google Patents
Blade of a centrifuge machine and method for regulating the performance of said bladeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1240434A1 EP1240434A1 EP00987557A EP00987557A EP1240434A1 EP 1240434 A1 EP1240434 A1 EP 1240434A1 EP 00987557 A EP00987557 A EP 00987557A EP 00987557 A EP00987557 A EP 00987557A EP 1240434 A1 EP1240434 A1 EP 1240434A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- trailing edge
- blade
- face
- trailing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/24—Vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
- F04D29/2272—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for influencing flow or boundary layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/24—Vanes
- F04D29/242—Geometry, shape
- F04D29/245—Geometry, shape for special effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/30—Vanes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a blade of a centrifugal machine for pumping or compressing a fluid and in particular a blade of a helico-centrifugal type pump.
- a pressurized pump is used to circulate the pressurized water constituting the primary coolant of the nuclear reactor core, in a circuit called the primary circuit.
- helico-centrifugal type with a single pumping stage.
- Such a helical-centrifugal pump comprises a pump impeller on which are fixed curved blades, in a helical arrangement.
- the pump wheel is rotated by an electric motor, via a drive shaft, the blades being integral with the pump wheel along a first edge and each having a front face and a rear face directed, respectively, forward and backward, considering the direction of movement of the rotating pump wheel, during pump operation.
- the front face and the rear face of the pump vanes consist of curved surfaces which can be designated respectively by the terms upper and lower surfaces, the front face constituting an external face and the rear face an internal face of the vane .
- the fluid which is pumped or compressed in a centrifugal machine circulates in contact with the front and rear faces of the blades, from the inside to the outside, that is to say between the first edge of the connected blade to the wheel and the second edge or edge of the blade connecting the front face and the rear face according to the thickness of the blade, in its external part.
- This second edge of the blade along which the fluid flows come off the front and rear faces of the blade is called the trailing edge.
- the trailing edges of the pump wheel vanes are arranged along a cylindrical or conical surface having the axis of the pump wheel axis.
- centrifugal pumps have a load per impeller which can be high.
- the blading load of the impeller is at a high level.
- the end profile of the blades produced by sharpening or trimming does not always make it possible to obtain performances which are constant during the use of the pump. Indeed, the performances which depend on the separation of the boundary layers of fluid in contact with the faces of the blade are dependent on the variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the fluid conveyed and on the surface condition of the faces of the blades which condition the separation zones. layers of circulating fluid in contact with them. .
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a blade of a centrifugal machine for pumping or compressing a fluid integral with a wheel mounted to move in rotation, comprising a front face and a rear face directed respectively forwards.
- this blade having perfectly adjusted performances which can be adjusted in a simple way to ensure a stable and constant operation of the pump over time .
- the blade according to the invention comprises, in a part of its external surface comprising the trailing edge and two zones respectively of the front face and the rear face adjacent to the trailing edge, at least three edges in a longitudinal direction of the trailing edge extending substantially over the entire length of the trailing edge, at least one edge constituting an additional line of separation of fluid extending along at least one of the trailing edge and of the face rear or underside.
- the invention also relates to a method for adjusting the fluid characteristics of a blade of a centrifugal machine.
- a blade of a helico-centrifugal primary pump of a nuclear power station cooled by pressurized water produced according to the invention and a method for adjusting the performance of the blade.
- Figures 1A and 1B are sectional views of an end portion close to the trailing edge of a blade of a helical-centrifugal pump, illustrating two methods according to the prior art for modifying the performances of the dawn.
- Figure 2 is a view similar to the views of Figures 1A and 1B illustrating a third method for modifying the performance of a blade according to the prior art.
- Figure 3 is a partial elevational view of a helical-centrifugal pump wheel and a blade of the pump produced according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a sectional view along 4-4 of the end portion of the blade adjacent the trailing edge.
- Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to the view of Figure 4 of a blade of a pump according to the invention and according to an alternative embodiment.
- Figure 6 is a partial elevational view of a wheel and a blade of a pump according to the invention and according to a second embodiment.
- Figure 7 is a sectional view along 7-7 of an end portion of the blade in the vicinity of the trailing edge.
- FIGS. 3 and 6 are sectional views similar to the view of Figure 4, of two alternative embodiments of the end portion of the blade.
- a pump wheel of a helical-centrifugal pump such as a primary pump of a nuclear power station cooled by pressurized water has been shown schematically in FIGS. 3 and 6 which relate to a pump wheel comprising vanes according to the invention.
- the pump wheel generally designated by the reference numeral 1, comprises a body 2 of substantially frustoconical shape secured, at one of its ends, to a hub 3 by means of a first flange 2 '.
- Blades 4 are fixed on the body 2 of the pump wheel, by an edge 4a, along a helical line having as axis the axis 6 of the pump wheel.
- a single blade 4 has been shown in FIG. 3 but the pump wheel has several blades identical to blade 4 (for example six blades) distributed along the periphery of the body 2 of the pump wheel around the axis 6.
- the vanes 4 of the pump wheel 1 are all connected along an edge opposite the edge for fixing on the body 2, to a flange 5 called a belt flange.
- the flanges 2 'and 5 have as their common axis the axis 6 of the pump wheel.
- Each of the blades 4 of the pump has a front face 8, or upper surface, and a rear face 7, or lower surface, the front and rear of the blade being defined taking into account the direction of rotation of the impeller. pump around axis 6.
- the fluid which is pumped for example pressurized water from the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, circulates between the successive blades 4 of the pump wheel and in contact with the faces of the blades 4, in a centrifugal manner, it that is to say, moving away from the axis 6 of the pump wheel.
- the edge 4b, the furthest from the axis 6, constitutes the trailing edge, in the vicinity of which the boundary layers of the flows in contact with the front and rear faces of the blade 4 come off and leave the contact with dawn 4.
- FIGs 1A and 1B there is shown in a sectional view through a plane such as the cutting plane 4-4 shown in Figure 3 perpendicular to the trailing edge, an end portion close to the trailing edge d 'a pump vane 4' according to the prior art.
- the edge of the blade 4 ′ disposed towards the outside constitutes the trailing edge 4 ′ b separating the downstream end portions of the rear face or lower face 7 ′ and of the front face, or upper face 8 ′, of dawn 4 '.
- the lower surface 7 ' is separated from the trailing edge 4'b by a lower edge 9', the upper surface 8 'being separated from the trailing edge 4'b by a upper edge 10'.
- the trailing edges of the vanes 4b are generally located on a cylinder of diameter D having as axis the axis 6 of the pump wheel.
- the hydraulic performance of the blade 4 ' depends in particular on the diameter D or the outlet diameter of the blade 4'.
- the diameter D is variable depending on the trailing edge.
- the end portion of the blade 4 ′ delimited by the trailing edge 4 ′ b is trimable, for example along the dotted line 11 shown in FIG. 1.
- the diameter of the blade 4 ′ leaves which decreases from the value D to the value D ′, the length D - D ′ being equal to the distance between the original trailing edge 4'b and the line 11, in a direction perpendicular to the trailing edge and the trimming plane.
- the performance of the blade 4 ′ also depends on the fineness of the blade in the vicinity of the trailing edge, the performance being all the better as the blade 4 ′ is finer in its part adjacent to the trailing edge.
- the sharpening can be carried out in such a way that the edges of the lower and upper surfaces are found practically coincident along an edge common to the two faces, at the end of the sharpening.
- the increase in the performance of the blade 4 ′ can also be obtained by making a cut of the end portion 14 of the blade 4 ′, along a cutting line 14 ′ an angle close to 90 ° with the tangent to the upper surface 8 'at the upper surface edge 10'.
- the performance of the blade 4 ' is increased by increasing the blade outlet section.
- the performance of the vane 4' of the pump is modified either in the direction of the decrease, either in the direction of increase.
- the cutting of the blade makes it possible to increase the performance of the blade, in a defined manner without the possibility of adjustment.
- the principle of the invention consists in imposing an additional detachment line for the fluid, at the outlet end of the wheel vane, ie on the edge of the vane constituting the trailing edge, near the edge upper surface for the flow coming from the upper surface, either on the lower surface of the blade near the lower edge, or again both on the edge of the blade and on the lower surface.
- machining in the end region of the blade, in the direction of the trailing edge and substantially over the entire length of the trailing edge, a clear discontinuity in the profile of the blade , so that the speed gradient and therefore the local pressure gradient triggers the separation of the boundary layer at a precise location defined by the position of the discontinuity.
- a facet having a rectilinear section in the end portion of the blade this facet, when it is machined on the edge of the blade constituting the trailing edge, forming a cross section of the 'vane an angle greater than 45 ° with the upper surface profile of the vane, that is to say with the plane tangent to the upper surface passing through the upper surface edge.
- the blade according to the invention thus comprises at least three edges in the direction of the trailing edge.
- one of the following provisions will be adopted:
- a - at least one of the edges is formed on the edge of the blade, B - at least one of the edges is formed on the underside face set back with respect to the underside edge defining the outlet diameter of the 'dawn,
- FIGS. 3 and 4 a first embodiment of a blade 4 according to the invention is shown, on which additional edges have been produced by mode A mentioned above.
- the additional edges are obtained by achieving discontinuity in the trailing edge, by machining a groove 15 having a triangular section, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 3 shows that the groove 15, constituting the discontinuity from the trailing edge 4b, extends over the entire length of the trailing edge 4b.
- the section of the groove 15, in a plane perpendicular to the trailing edge, of triangular shape, has one side arranged along the trailing edge and two sides returning inside the end portion of the blade between the surface lower surface 7 and upper surface 8.
- the side of the triangular section of the groove 15 located on the side of the upper surface constitutes a section of a substantially planar facet making, with the section of the trailing edge 4b, an angle ⁇ greater than 30 °.
- the angle ⁇ will be between 30 and 90 °.
- the groove 15 occupies only part of the width of the trailing edge 4b, so that a flange 16 of width 11 extending over the entire length of the trailing edge is formed on the side of the upper surface and qu a rim 17, along the entire length of the trailing edge 4b, is formed on the side of the lower surface 7.
- the discontinuity 15 of the trailing edge 4b defines three additional edges 18a, 18b, and 18c, in addition to the lower surface edge 9 and the upper surface edge 10.
- the facet located on the side of the upper surface passing through the edges 18a and 18b makes an angle ⁇ at least equal to 30 ° with the trailing edge, as indicated above.
- the flange 16 disposed on the side of the upper surface 8 has a width 11 which is between 5 and 50% of the width of the edge of the blade 4 constituting the trailing edge 4b.
- the minimum width of this edge 16 is
- the rim 17 located on the side of the lower surface 7 has a width 12 as small as possible, this width must however be greater than 0.5 mm, so as to keep the reference of the outlet diameter D of the blade 4.
- FIG 5 there is shown an alternative embodiment of the blade 4; a discontinuity 19 is made on the lower surface 7 of the blade 4, so as to obtain additional ridges of separation of the boundary layer of fluid in circulation in contact with the lower surface, these edges being of type B mentioned above -above.
- the discontinuity 19 is produced in the form of a triangular section groove extending in the direction of the trailing edge 4b, substantially over the entire length of the trailing edge.
- the triangular section groove 19 defines three additional edges located on the lower surface 7.
- the groove 19 is defined in particular by the distance p between the lower surface edge 7 and the edge 19a located farthest from the lower surface edge 9.
- the edges 19b and 19c are located respectively inside the end portion of the blade 4 and on the lower surface and in an arrangement closer to the lower edge 9 than the edge 19a.
- the surface of the groove 19 passing through the edges 19a and 19b constitutes a substantially planar facet intersecting the underside face 7 along the edge 19a at a distance p from the underside edge 9 which must be greater than the distance separating the lower surface edge of the natural detachment point of the boundary layer of fluid flowing in contact with the lower surface, this distance can be determined by tests or by calculation as a function of the operating conditions of the pump. In practice, the distance p will be between a few millimeters and a few tens of millimeters depending on the pump wheel and the original performance of the pump vane, that is to say vane 4 not having groove 19.
- the section of the planar facet passing through the edges 19a and 19b through the cutting plane makes an angle ⁇ with the section of the lower surface of the blade.
- FIGs 6 and 7 there is shown a second embodiment of a blade 4 according to the invention of a pump wheel 1 similar to the wheel pump shown in Figure 3.
- Figure 7 is a section of the blade 4 by a plane perpendicular to the trailing edge 4b.
- the vane 4 according to the invention is cut along a section plane of trace 20 in FIG. 7, the trace 20 of the section plane making an angle ⁇ less than or equal to 90 ° with the plane tangent to the upper surface 8, at the level of the upper surface edge 10.
- a preferred value for the angle ⁇ is ⁇ equal to 80 °.
- the section of the end portion of the fin 4 on the side of the lower surface 7 forms an edge 21 on the lower surface 7 and an additional edge 22 on the trailing edge 4b at a distance I from the edge on the upper surface 10.
- a rim 23 of width I is formed in this way along the trailing edge 4b, on the side of the upper surface 8.
- the width I of the edge 23 must be between 5 and 50% of the width of origin of section 4b constituting the trailing edge delimited between the lower surface 7 and the upper surface 8 on a cylinder having as axis the axis of the pump wheel and a diameter D.
- the rim 23 must have a minimum width of 0.5 mm, so that the reference to the outlet diameter of the blade is kept.
- the additional edges 21 and 22 created by the cutting along the cutting plane 20 cause the detachment of the boundary layer of fluid moving in contact with the lower and upper surfaces.
- the exit diameter of the blade is increased.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 in which complementary edges are produced on the lower surface and on the trailing edge corresponds to an embodiment of type C described above, that is to say say combining the embodiments of types A and B.
- FIG. 8 there is shown in section through a plane perpendicular to the trailing edge the end portion of a blade 4 of a pump comprising a discontinuity consisting of two substantially planar facets 24 and 25 perpendicular to each other.
- the facet 24 is produced by cutting the end portion of the blade along a practically flat surface, perpendicular to the underside face 7.
- the facet 25 is produced by cutting along a practically planar surface parallel to the face of lower surface 7.
- the cutting surfaces defining the facets 24 and 25 extend in the longitudinal direction of the trailing edge 4b, substantially over the entire length of the trailing edge.
- the facet 24 and the corresponding cutting surface are placed at a distance p from the lower surface edge 9, that is to say from the intersection between the lower surface 7 and the cylinder having for axis the axis of the pump impeller and the outlet diameter D.
- the facet 25 and the corresponding cutting surface are arranged so as to intersect the trailing edge 4b along an additional edge 26a disposed at a distance I from the upper surface edge 10. Between the upper surface edge and the additional edge 26a the trailing edge 4b is in the form of a rim of width I.
- the dimensions I and p are defined as above, in the case of the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 7.
- the pump vane 4 has a second additional edge 26b on the pressure face, at a distance p from the original pressure edge.
- a third edge 26c is defined by the intersection of the facets 24 and 25 in the internal part of the pump vane 4, between the surfaces of the lower surface 7 and the upper surface 8.
- FIG. 9 a last alternative embodiment of the blade 4 of a pump according to the invention is shown, this embodiment combining grooves of triangular section similar to the grooves of the embodiments shown in the figures 4 and 5.
- the groove 15 is formed on the trailing edge 4b and the groove 19 on the lower surface 7.
- the trace facet 18a, 18b of the groove 18 is defined by the angle ⁇ of its trace in the cutting plane perpendicular to the trailing edge 46 with the trace of the trailing edge 4b.
- the trace facet 19a, 19b of the groove 19 is defined by the angle ⁇ of its trace in the section plane with the trace of the lower surface 7.
- Parameters 11, 12 and p are defined as indicated above.
- the blade produced according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a controlled separation of the boundary layers of fluid circulating in contact with the lower and upper surfaces of the blade during the operation of the centrifugal machine.
- the boundary layer separation conditions are defined in particular as a function of the lengths such as 11, 12, I and p as well as the angles ⁇ and ⁇ .
- the blades according to the invention can be produced directly in the factory with end parts as described and adapted to the intended operation of the pump.
- the end parts of the blades can also be modified after the pump has been put into service, for example by milling or cutting, to be adapted to new conditions of use.
- At least one additional edge extending substantially along the entire length of the trailing edge is formed on the outlet end portion of the vane, for example by machining. upper surface edge and lower surface edge.
- machining or cutting can be envisaged in order to produce discontinuities in the end part of the blade comprising the trailing edge and the adjacent parts of the pressure face and of the suction face, to obtain at least three detachment edges of the fluid in the end portion of the blade.
- the invention applies not only to helical-centrifugal pumps such as the primary pumps of nuclear reactors, but also in the case of many other centrifugal hydraulic machines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9916173 | 1999-12-21 | ||
FR9916173A FR2802579B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | BLADE OF A CENTRIFUGAL MACHINE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING BLADE PERFORMANCE |
PCT/FR2000/003511 WO2001046593A1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-13 | Blade of a centrifuge machine and method for regulating the performance of said blade |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1240434A1 true EP1240434A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
EP1240434B1 EP1240434B1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
Family
ID=9553568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00987557A Expired - Lifetime EP1240434B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-13 | Blade of a centrifuge machine and method for regulating the performance of said blade |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1240434B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100654305B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE319935T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60026606T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2802579B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001046593A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111594483A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-28 | 爱三工业株式会社 | Centrifugal pump |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1688345A (en) * | 1927-08-16 | 1928-10-23 | Buffalo Hammer Mill Corp | Centrifugal fan |
DE897801C (en) * | 1949-09-04 | 1953-11-23 | Pleuger Kommanditgesellschaft | Impeller for centrifugal pumps |
FR1025250A (en) * | 1949-09-28 | 1953-04-13 | Process for delivering liquids by means of centrifugal pumps, and centrifugal pump for implementing this process | |
US3027845A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1962-04-03 | Worthington Corp | Impeller tip pocket |
NL6703083A (en) * | 1966-03-17 | 1967-09-18 | ||
DE19614420C2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2003-05-22 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade and wind turbine with a rotor blade |
-
1999
- 1999-12-21 FR FR9916173A patent/FR2802579B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 EP EP00987557A patent/EP1240434B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-13 WO PCT/FR2000/003511 patent/WO2001046593A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-13 AT AT00987557T patent/ATE319935T1/en active
- 2000-12-13 DE DE60026606T patent/DE60026606T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-13 KR KR1020027008035A patent/KR100654305B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0146593A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111594483A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-28 | 爱三工业株式会社 | Centrifugal pump |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1240434B1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
DE60026606T2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
KR20020070463A (en) | 2002-09-09 |
KR100654305B1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
FR2802579B1 (en) | 2002-06-14 |
FR2802579A1 (en) | 2001-06-22 |
ATE319935T1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
WO2001046593A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
DE60026606D1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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